Ethical Considerations in Behavior Analysis and Autism Intervention Christine M. Holland, MS BCBA cholland@autismva.org.
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Ethical Considerations in Behavior Analysis andAutism Intervention
Christine M. Holland, MS BCBAcholland@autismva.org
Ethical Dilemma Write down an ethical dilemma that
you may have encountered or heard about on the index card provided in the folder. It may involve:• Behavioral interventions• Interactions with clients • Interactions with other professionals
Objectives• Discuss and define ethical behavior
• Identify and discuss the ethical philosophy of B.F. Skinner as described in Skinner’s own writings and in the writings of others
• Identify and discuss additional models for resolving ethical dilemmas
• Identify and describe additional resources that are available specific to using behavior analysis in interventions for individuals on the autism spectrum
• Analyze ethical dilemmas presented in written and/or video vignettes and discuss solutions based on the “Guidelines for Responsible Conduct for Behavior Analysts” and “BCBA & BCaBA Behavior Analyst Task List”
Utilitarianism
Deontological
Teleological
Divine Command Theory
Virtue Ethics
Care Ethics
Theories of Ethics
Skinner’s Analysis of
Values
Practical Ethics and Ethical
Fitness
Existing Guidelines for Behavior Analyst
and Autism Practitioners
How to Solve Ethical Dilemmas
Defining Ethics and Ethical Behavior
The discipline dealing with
what is good and bad and with
moral duty and obligation
A set of principles of
right conduct. The theory or a system of moral
value
The study of the general nature of morals and of the
specific moral choices to be made
by a person
Certain standards of behavior are developed
by a culture and promote the survival of
that culture -Skinner
Behaviors, practices, and decisions that address three
basic and fundamental questions: What is the right thing to do? What is worth
doing? What does it mean to be a good behavior analyst
-Cooper, Heron, Heward
Defining Ethics and Ethical Behavior
Cooper Definition
What Is The Right Thing To Do?
• Personal History• Context of Practice • Ethical Codes
What is Worth Doing?
• Social Validity• Cost-Benefit Ratio• Current Situation
What Does It Mean To Be A Good
Behavior Analyst
• Following Codes• Following “Golden
Rule”• Self Evaluation
Importance of Ethics in Behavior Analysis
Power of Science
Scope of Responsibilities
Vulnerability of Clients
B.F. Skinner’s Analysis of Values
Values are certain standards of behavior that are developed by a culture and promote the
survival of that culture • B.F. Skinner
Radical Behaviorism
• A Science of behavior – Observable events– Private Events
• Selection by consequences– Species– Individual– Cultural
Values As A Subject of Science
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hj9oB4zpHww
Skinner’s Analysis of Values
• Classes of Values or Goal– Positively reinforcing to the individual– Positively reinforcing to others– Positively reinforcing to the culture• Universal reinforcers?
Skinner’s Analysis of Values
• Ethical Injunctions– Competing contingencies
• Criticism of Skinner’s view of Values
Hmm…
Application of Skinner’s Analysis of Values
• Examine Existing Contingencies for Ethical Behavior
•Self-Examination Reviewing ethical Decisions Recommendations
If you are reinforced by (X), you will be reinforced by doing (Y) and the reinforcement controlling this assertion on my part is (Z).
Practical Ethics and Ethical Fitness®
How Good People Make Touch Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living
by Rushworth M. Kidder
Nature of Ethical DilemmasRight vs. Wrong
Violation of Law
Departure from Truth
Deviation from moral rectitude
Nature of Ethical Dilemmas
Justice versus Mercy
Short-term versus
long-term
Individual versus
community
Truth versus loyalty
Right versus right
Existing Guidelines for Behavior Analyst and Autism
Practitioners
“The behavior analyst has the potential to do great good for clients and society by analyzing complex problematic
behaviors, finding humane and effective solutions, implementing programs that work, and ensuring the least
restrictive, most effective evidence-based treatments possible given limited resources.”
-Bailey & Burch 2011
The Right to EffectiveBehavioral Treatment
By: Association for Behavior Analysis
The Right to effective Education
By: Association for Behavior Analysis
Guidelines forResponsibleConduct for
Behavior AnalystsRevised July 2010
By: The BehaviorAnalyst
CertificationBoard
The BACBDisciplinaryStandards
By: The BehaviorAnalyst
CertificationBoard
The BCBA andBCaBA Behavior
Analyst TaskLists
By: BehaviorAnalyst
CertificationBoard
• Ethics for Behavior Analysts: 2nd Expanded For Issue by Jon Bailey and Mary Burch
Risk –Benefit Analysis
Additional Tools
Declaration of Professional
Services
Additional Ethical Considerations in Autism Intervention
• Autism Special Interest group (SIG) Guidelines
• Qualifications to direct behavior analytic program • training necessary • evidence of qualifications • Additional considerations
• Task list for Board Certified Behavior Analyst Working with Persons with Autism
Additional Ethical Considerations in Autism Intervention
• Recommendations for Evidence Based Practice
• Additional Resources
National Standards
Project
The National Professional Center on
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Association for Science in Autism
Treatment
Let’s Talk!
• Discuss possible reinforcers (positive and negative) in each scenario
• Discuss relevant guidelines from the Guidelines for Responsible Conduct
• Discuss other tools that may help with the scenario
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