Era of Good Feeling

Era of Good Feeling

Creating a Nation

Henry Clay’s: American System• Creation of a plan to unify the

nation:• Developing transportation systems

and other internal improvements• Establishing a protective tariff• Resurrecting the national bank

Transportation and Internal Improvements• National Road: Began in 1811 by 1838

connected Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois

• Erie Canal: took eight years, by 1825 it connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River providing a water way from Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean• Tolls were paid to use the route, in twelve

years it was paid for• Cut shipping costs, reducing selling prices

Transportation

Tariffs and the National Bank• Tariff of 1816: In order to pay for

these new improvements such as roads, canals, and lighthouses taxes were placed on imports.

• In 1816 with much approval the 2nd Bank of the United States was created.

The Rise of New York City• With these new national improvements

New York rose above all other cities to become the center of economic, social, and political growth. (ie Erie Canal)• Leader in banking, finance, foreign trade,

manufacturing, fashion, publishing, broadcasting, culture, and tourism

• Busiest port in the country

Nationalism• Nationalism: social movement focusing on the

nation. • National interests should be placed ahead of regional

or the interests of other countries.• McCulloch v. Maryland:

• Maryland placed high taxes on a branch of the BUS. • Marshall denied the right of Maryland to tax the

bank. • Declaring the BUS constitutional. • Strengthens nationalism.

Adams-Onis Treaty• Spain ceded

Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory• Strengthens

Nationalism

Monroe Doctrine• U.S. wouldn’t interfere with European

colonies already established but would not tolerate further colonization• Europe: Leave the Western Hemisphere

alone. If you don’t it will be seen as a threat to Am. Safety and could be reason for war

• How does this strengthen nationalism?

Industrial Revolution• Transformation during the 1700’s

and early 1800’s from making goods in small shops or homes by hand to making them in factories with machines.• Changed the world from a rural,

agricultural society to an urban and industrial one.

Early Inventions: Eli Whitney• Cotton Gin:

Separated seeds from cotton• Before it took a

person a full day to remove seeds from 1 lb. of cotton

• Enabled a person to process 50 lbs. /day

• Made cotton profitable, increasing demand for slaves

Early Inventions: Eli Whitney• Interchangeable parts:

• Whitney received a contract for 10,000 muskets in 1798 and used interchangeable parts to manufacture firearms in his factory

• One of the first uses of mass production methods

• Influence Henry Ford, Samuel Colt and others

Westward Expansion• Manifest

Destiny: Belief that the United States Destiny was to extend to the Pacific Ocean

Native Americans and Manifest Destiny• Treaty of Ft. Laramie: provided various

Native American nations control of the Central Plains. • In turn Native Americans promised not to

attack settlers and to allow construction of government forts and roads. Govn’t would make paymts. to them.

• Movement of settlers increase, decreasing the number of buffalo and elk. U.S. violated terms of treaty

Trails West• Santa Fe Trail:

Lower trail from Missouri to Mexico

• Oregon Trail: Upper trail Missouri to Oregon

Prison Reform• Dorothea Dix:

known as prison reformer• Dix discovered

that jails often house mentally ill people.

• Began to emphasize rehabilitation and treatment

School Reform• Before mid 1800’s no uniform education

policy existed• Mass. And Vermont were the only states

before Civil War that passed compulsory school laws.

• All children were in one classroom• By 1830’s demand for tax supported public

schools• By 1833 42 percent of elem. School aged children

were attending public school

Slavery Reform• Abolitionism: call to

outlaw slavery• Frederick Douglas:

Born into slavery: knowledge is the pathway from slavery to freedom, pushed for abolitionism

• What was slavery like?

Women and Reform• Sarah and Angelina

Grimke: daughters of a SC slaveholder• Women abolitionist:

• Mary C. Vaughn: temperance movement• The effort to prohibit

the drinking of alcohol

Women and Reform• Elizabeth Cady

Stanton:• Women’s Rights

Movement• Seneca Falls

Convention• Creation of

Declaration of Women’s Rights− Suffrage/right to

vote

The Age of Jackson• The Election of 1824• Jackson wins the popular vote but lacked the

electoral college votes• Adams names Henry Clay as Secretary of

State: “corrupt bargaining”

Age of Jackson• Jackson wins the

Election of 1828 • Spoils system

gives government jobs to supporters

Jacksonian Democracy• Believed in Western Expansion• Universal Suffrage- all white men

should be able to vote not just property owners

• “Common Man”• Laissez-Faire- Hands Off• Strict interpretation of the Const.

Age of Jackson• The Indian

Removal Act forces Native Americans off their lands

• Supreme Court rules Georgia cannot give orders to Cherokee• Worcester v.

Georgia

Trail of Tears• U.S. soldiers force

Cherokee to march west along Trail of Tears

• On the 800 mile trip many Cherokee died en route. Burying more that ¼ of their people.

States’ Rights: South Faces Economic Problems• Rise in tariff (tariff of 1828)

• Tariff of Abominations:• lowers sale of British goods and Southern

cotton• South forced to buy expensive

Northern goods

The Nullification Crisis• Calhoun’s idea of

nullification: states say if law is constitutional

• South Carolina declares Tariff of 1828 null; threatens secession (leave the union)

• Compromise bill lowers tariff

Jackson’s Bank War

• Federal funds removed from Bank of the U.S.; put in PET state banks

• Jackson’s policies angered many including some in his own political party (Republicans). They formed the Whig party

• Whig’s promoted the ideas of Henry Clay’s American System.

Election of 1836 • Democrat Martin

Van Buren wins election with Jackson’s support

The Panic of 1837• Many pet banks

print money in excess of gold and silver deposits

• Banks close, credit system collapses, 1/3 of population jobless