EQ: How did conflict between the North and the South create change?

EQ: How did conflict between the North

and the South create change?

Election of 1860:Main Candidates

Abraham Lincoln

(Republican)

Stephen Douglas

(Northern Democrat)

John Breckinridge

(Southern Democrat)

John Bell(Constitutional

Union)

* Lincoln won the election.

Southerners vs. Lincoln

•They feared there would be no new slave states. • Lincoln promised to leave slavery alone, but they didn’t believe him.

• They thought their power in the House would decline as free states joined

•They wanted the right to declare any national law illegal

• Northern states still wanted the national government’s power to be supreme over the states

• In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states seceded from the Union in 1860, forming the Confederate States of America.

Secession:

Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag

Order of Secession

1.1. South CarolinaSouth Carolina

2.2. MississippiMississippi

3.3. FloridaFlorida

4.4. AlabamaAlabama

5.5. GeorgiaGeorgia

6.6. LouisianaLouisiana

7.7. TexasTexas

Americans across the Americans across the nation asked:nation asked: Did Did Southern states have Southern states have the right to secede? the right to secede? Southern leaders Southern leaders argued argued yesyes, , because because the states had united the states had united by free choiceby free choice; ; therefore they had therefore they had the right to secede. the right to secede.

• Jefferson Davis was named the president

of the Confederac

y.

Civil War: Union v. Confederacy

Lincoln’s belief ““A house divided against A house divided against

itself cannot stand.” itself cannot stand.” He meant that the U.S. could not He meant that the U.S. could not

survive if it was divided in twosurvive if it was divided in two He urged the Confederate states He urged the Confederate states

to return to the nation. to return to the nation. He said, “We are not enemies, He said, “We are not enemies,

but friends.”but friends.” The differences between the The differences between the

states were two great.states were two great.

Lincoln’s MAIN GOAL Lincoln’s MAIN GOAL was to SAVE THE was to SAVE THE UNION!!!UNION!!!

Secession: when part of a country breaks away from the rest

Abraham Lincoln•argued against slavery (did not push abolition)•wanted to stop the spread of slavery•wanted country to be united

Civil War: war between 2 groups or regions within a nation

North vs South

UnionUnion President: President:

Abraham Abraham LincolnLincoln

ConfederacyConfederacy President: President:

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

Fort Sumter – 1st battle of the Civil War Confederate forces wanted to take Confederate forces wanted to take

control over Fort Sumter, South control over Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Lincoln refused to Carolina. Lincoln refused to surrendersurrender the fort. Instead, he the fort. Instead, he sent supplies to it.sent supplies to it.

The state militia began The state militia began surrounding the federal fort which surrounding the federal fort which had U.S. soldiers inside. had U.S. soldiers inside.

Lincoln wanted to show that he would Lincoln wanted to show that he would not give in to the Confederacy.not give in to the Confederacy.

However, he did not want to start a war However, he did not want to start a war either. He hoped the southern states either. He hoped the southern states would return to the Union peacefully.would return to the Union peacefully.

Confederate leaders saw the refusal to Confederate leaders saw the refusal to surrender the fort as an act of war.surrender the fort as an act of war.

They ordered cannons to fire on the fort. They ordered cannons to fire on the fort. The 1The 1stst shot was fired on April 12, 1861. shot was fired on April 12, 1861.

The cannons fired on Fort Sumter for 34 hours.The cannons fired on Fort Sumter for 34 hours. At last, the soldiers in the fort had to surrender. At last, the soldiers in the fort had to surrender. The attack on Fort Sumter marked the beginning The attack on Fort Sumter marked the beginning

of the Civil War. of the Civil War. President Lincoln called for 75,000 soldiers to President Lincoln called for 75,000 soldiers to

fight the rebellion. fight the rebellion. Some states refused to send men to help Lincoln.Some states refused to send men to help Lincoln. AK, NC, TN, and VA joined the confederacy AK, NC, TN, and VA joined the confederacy

instead. instead.

Fort Sumter, S.C., April 4, 1861, under the Confederate flag.

• Fort Sumter, South Carolina, was important because it guarded Charleston harbor

* The Civil War had now begun!

Fort Sumter

• Therefore, the Confederates attacked, defeating the Union soldiers.

Pvt. Edmund Ruffin, Confederate soldier who fired the 1st shot against Fort Sumter

Maj. Robert Anderson, defender of Fort Sumter

Effects of the attack at Ft. Sumter 4 more slave states seceded: VA, NC, 4 more slave states seceded: VA, NC,

AR, TN = 11 totalAR, TN = 11 total

4 slave states stayed in the Union: DE, 4 slave states stayed in the Union: DE, MD, KY, MO = border statesMD, KY, MO = border states

They made up the border between the They made up the border between the North & South (part of VA also stayed North & South (part of VA also stayed and became WV in 1863)and became WV in 1863)