Transcript
ENTREPRENEURSHIP LECTURE II
THE EVOLUTION AND CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The word comes from the French word
“entreprendre” – “to undertake” or “go-between”
THE EVOLUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Who is an Entrepreneur?
The earliest use of the term expressed the sense of “middlemen”
who directed the resources provided by others.
Middle age: someone who managed large projects on behalf of a
landowner or the church, such as building of a cathedral or castle.
17th century - Entrepreneurs were those who contracted with the
state to perform certain duties such as the collection of revenues or
the operation of banking and trading service.
Here the term is extended to include some elements of risk and
profit.
THE EVOLUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Today, an Entrepreneur is an Innovator, or developer
who recognises and seizes opportunities convert
those opportunities into workable/marketable ideas;
adds values through time, effort money or skills,
assumes the risk of competitive marketplace to
implement these ideas; and realises the rewards
from the efforts. (Kuratko & Hoggetts, 1989)
Who is an Entrepreneur?
J.B. Say, sees an Entrepreneur as “someone who consciously moves
economic resources from an area of lower productivity to an area of higher
productivity and greater yield”
Thus an entrepreneurs takes existing resources
People
Materials
Buildings
Money time
Redeploys them to make them productive and give them greater value.
Who is an Entrepreneur?
There is no universally, agreed definition of Entrepreneurship
and Entrepreneur.
According to Ranstadt (1984) “Entrepreneurship is the dynamic
process of creating incremental wealth”
This wealth is created by individuals who assume the major risk
in terms of equity, time and/or career commitment of providing
value for some products or services
The product or the service itself may or may not be new or
Unique but value must somehow be infused by the
Entrepreneur by securing and locating the necessary
skills and resources
WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP
According to Joseph Schumpeter (1951)
Entrepreneurship consists of doing things that are
not generally done in the ordinary course of
business routine; it is essentially a phenomenon
that comes under the wider aspect of leadership.
WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP
However according to Shapore (1975/1987) “in
almost all of the definitions of entrepreneurship,
there is the agreement that we are talking about a
kind of behaviour that includes:
I. Initiative taking
II. The organisation or reorganisation of social
economic mechanisms to turn resources and
situation to practical account, and
III. The acceptance of risk failure.
WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The ambition and desire to succeed
A need for independence
Vision, flair and imagination
Creative and innovative traits
Readiness to take risks
Perseverance – they never give up
Strategic thinkers –looking to the future
Set high standards for themselves and others
KEY ENTREPRENEUR TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS
There seem not to be a single “entrepreneur type” but there is a great deal of consistency in the way in which successful entrepreneurs approach their task.
Some of the characteristic exhibited by successful entrepreneurs are discussed as follows
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Hard work:
Successful entrepreneurs put a lot of physical and mental
effort into developing their ventures. They often work long
and antisocial hours. After all, an entrepreneur is their own
most valuable asset. Balancing the needs of the venture with
other life commitments such as family and friends is one of
the great challenges which faces the entrepreneur
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Self-starting
Entrepreneurs do not need to be told what to do. They identify tasks
for themselves and then follow them through without looking for
encouragement or direction from others.
Setting of personal goals
Entrepreneurs tend to set themselves clear, and demanding goals.
The embark their achievements against these personal goals. As a
result, entrepreneurs tend to work to internal standards rather than
look to others for assessment of their performance.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Resilience
Not everything goes right all the time. In fact, failure may be
experienced more often than success.
Entrepreneurs must not only pick themselves up after things
have gone wrong but must learn positively from the
experience and that learn to increase the chances of
success the next time
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Confidence
The entrepreneur must demonstrate that they not
only believe in themselves but also in the venture
they are pursuing. After all, if they don’t who will?
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Receptiveness to new ideas
The entrepreneur must not be overly confident. They must recognise
their own limitations and the possibilities that they have to improve
their skills. They must be willing to revise their ideas in the light of
new experience
One of the main reasons that banks and venture capitalists give for
not supporting a business proposal is that the entrepreneur was too
sure of themselves to be receptive to good advice when it is offered
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Assertiveness Entrepreneurs are usually clear as to what they
want to gain from a situation and not frightened to express their wishes.
Being assertive does not mean a commitment to outcomes, not means. True assertiveness relies on mutual understanding and is founded on good communication skills.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
Information seeking
Eager to learn
Attuned to opportunity
Receptive to change
Commitment to others
Comfort with power
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
1. Freedom to adopt my own
approach to work
2. To take advantage of an
opportunity
3. To control my own time
4. It made sense at that time
in my life (!)
5. Security for myself and
family
6. Flexible work-life balance
7. Desire to have high
earnings
8. Challenge
9. To achieve something and
get recognition
10. To continue learning
11. Respect of friends and
family
12. Tax avoidance
REASONS FOR STARTING A BUSINESS
1. Personal Freedom: entrepreneurs are not controlled by any
other managers in their organisations.
They set their own work schedule
Make their own decisions
Try out their own new ideas
Direct their energies to into business activities they deem fit.
2. Personal Satisfaction: Personal freedom leads to personal
satisfaction of doing what you enjoy each day. They would be in
control of their lives by controlling their business and their work
ADVANTAGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
3. Increased Income: personal satisfaction leads to hard work and
working hard usually results in making more money.
4. Self Esteem: freedom, satisfaction and increased income add up
to a greater feeling of self-esteem.
ADVANTAGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DISADVANTAGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
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