ENGLISH COLONIZATIONENGLISH COLONIZATION M. Carter/ American Pageant Chapter 2M. Carter/ American Pageant Chapter 2.
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WHEN AND WHY?
• Late 1500s• Ambitions of Queen Elizabeth• Competition and rivalry with Spain• Money $$$• Expansion of Protestantism
ROANOKE COLONY
• Sir Walter Raleigh’s attempt at colonizing
• 1585• Failed when the colony
disappeared• An attempt to block
Spanish colonization of North America and claim land for England
DOMINANCE OF THE SEA
• England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588• What significance does this one event have on the
history of America? Would our history have been different if the British had not won the battle of the seas?
ENGLAND AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY(16-17TH)
• Increasing population• Decreasing availability
of farmland• Depressing economy• Homeless,
unemployed, wanderers of the land
• What were the primogeniture laws?
• What impact did they have on English society?
• What were joint-stock companies?
• How did they work?
JAMESTOWN: THE FACTS
• 1607• Virginia Company of London, a joint-stock
company• A business venture; they sought profit• Site chosen for its defensible position along the
James River• Named James Town after King James I
JAMESTOWN: THE FACTS
• Problems faced: – Disease: malaria carried by mosquitoes– Lack of food = starvation– Lack of clean water = cholera, typhoid, dysentery – Lack of shelter– Laziness
• Most early settlers to Jamestown were men of means and were unused to manual labor. Also, they were interested in gold and profit, not growing crops or building shelter.
JAMESTOWN: THE FACTS
• Strained relationship with Algonquin• Early friendship with Chief Powhatan• Jamestown colonists took advantage of
friendliness- became too dependent upon the food crops of the Algonquin.
• Eventual demise of the Algonquin and other surrounding tribes due to the “three Ds: disease, disorganization, and disposability.” (Kennedy 33)
THE “STARVING TIME”
• Winter of 1609-1610• Jamestown ran out of supplies• Algonquin refused to trade with them• Colonists raided for food• Ate anything they could find• Some instances of cannibalism• Approx. 60 colonists remained by spring
IMPACT OF EUROPEAN COLONIZATION ON NATIVE AMERICAN POPULATIONS
• Disease
• Trade
Decreased populations or loss of culture
Competition between tribes •Hunting ground•Technology (i.e. guns)
Increased violence
Increasingly dependent upon European trade
TOBACCO
• John Rolfe• Early 17th C.• Tobacco was in high
demand in Europe- because of this farmers in VA continued to make a profit into the late 17th C.
MARYLAND
• A proprietary colony• Lord Baltimore• Mid-17th century• A haven for Catholics- looking for refuge• Goal: Tolerance of Catholics• Act of Toleration- tolerance toward Christians, not
toward other religious belief systems
CARIBBEAN ISLANDS
• Sugar plantations• Slave labor (Africans)• Enacted the Barbados
slave codes – denied basic human rights to slaves- in an effort to maintain complete control over the labor force
RESTORATION COLONIES
• The Carolinas and Georgia• Became colonies after the restoration of a king to
the thrown (Charles II replaced Oliver Cromwell)• South Carolina = Indian slave trade• Rice was cultivated in the coastal lowlands of
Carolina and led to the need for Africans- experienced in growing rice
• Charles Town (Charleston)- biggest S. port
GEORGIA
• James Oglethorpe• Penal colony- emptied debtors’ prisons into
Georgia• Buffer between Spanish Florida and the British
colonies
SOUTHERN COLONIES
• From Maryland to Georgia, these colonies shared a few things in common:– Agricultural base– Close ties with England– Mostly Protestant (specifically, Anglican)– Used slave labor or indentured servants (labor
intensive)– Profit-based society– Problems with natives as their plantations spread
westward encroaching on native land
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