Endomembrane System

Endomembrane System

Whitley HannaJesse Crow

Endomembrane System

Membranes that are suspended in cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell

The membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles

Included: nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth reticulum, Golgi and lysosomes

Nuclear EnvelopeDouble lipid bilayer

Encloses genetic material

Found in eukaryotic cells

It separates contents of nucleus from cytoplasm

Connected to nuclear lamina (network of intermediate filaments) which is a site of attachment for chromosomes and has been associated with genetic disorder

Diabetes, muscular dystrophy and premature aging are all symptoms of this disorder

Nuclear Envelope Similar to a paper bag

This is because the paper bag will protect all the things in your lunch, like the nuclear envelope protects everything in the nucleus

However, if you get the paper bag wet then your lunch will spoil. Much like how the nuclear envelope can malfunction and cause disorders in the body

Rough Endoplasmic

ReticulumFound in eukaryotic cell

Forms a network of tubules and vesicles in cells

Synthesizes Proteins

Builds amino acid chains

Studded with ribosomes

Moves vesicles to Golgi apparatus

Rough Endoplasmic

ReticulumLike a factory where things are packaged and sent off to different places

This is just like rough ER makes proteins and sends them off to the Golgi apparatus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Found in eukaryotic cells

Synthesizes lipids and steroids

Metabolizes carbohydrates and steroids

Regulates calcium concentration

Produces lipids in some organs

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Similar to a highway because it is

usually called the transitional ER

It contains exit sites from which transport vesicles carrying these proteins and lipids tear off for transport to the Golgi apparatus

Smooth and Rough ER

Japanese Encephalitis virus infection causes ER stress, which leads to unfolded protein response and calcium imbalance

Golgi ApparatusFound in eukaryotic cells

Receives protein filled vesicles that bud from rough ER and lipid filled vesicles that bud from smooth ER

Contains enzymes that modify carbohydrate chains

Sorts modified molecules and packages them into vesicles that leave the outer face of the Golgi

Golgi AppatatusSimilar to an airport

This is because in an air port bags must be checked just like the Golgi checks proteins sent from the ER

LysosomesFound in eukaryotic cells

Membrane-bounded vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus

Have low pH

Assist in digesting material taken in to the cell

Destroy non-functional organelles and portions of cytoplasm

A missing lysosomal enzyme can cause disease, such as Tay-Sach’s. Tay-Sach’s is a disease in which the missing enzyme digests a fatty substance that helps insulate nerve cells. People will this disease show symptoms after six months

LysosomesSimilar to a garbage disposal because they clean up unwanted organelles and digest unwanted material