ENCOUNTERSINCENTRALASIA. MODERN CENTRAL ASIA VEGETATION ZONES.
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ENCOUNTERSENCOUNTERSININ
CENTRAL CENTRAL ASIAASIA
MODERN CENTRAL ASIAMODERN CENTRAL ASIA
VEGETATION ZONESVEGETATION ZONES
TOPOGRAPHYTOPOGRAPHY
THE STEPPETHE STEPPE
THE STEPPE AND HUTTHE STEPPE AND HUT
THE DESERTSTHE DESERTS
THE MOUNTAINSTHE MOUNTAINS
THE OASISTHE OASIS
TIMELINETIMELINE
TO 1500 BCE: TO 1500 BCE: RISE OF PASTORAL NOMADSRISE OF PASTORAL NOMADS1500 BCE-200 BCE: 1500 BCE-200 BCE: INDO-EUROPEAN AGEINDO-EUROPEAN AGE200 BCE-1380 CE: 200 BCE-1380 CE: SILK ROAD EXCHANGESSILK ROAD EXCHANGES200 BCE-1250 CE: 200 BCE-1250 CE: XIONG-NU TO TURKSXIONG-NU TO TURKS1250 CE-1470 CE: 1250 CE-1470 CE: THE MONGOL AGETHE MONGOL AGE1470 CE-1640 CE: 1470 CE-1640 CE: THE LAST NOMADSTHE LAST NOMADS
NOMADIC ANIMALSNOMADIC ANIMALS
NOMADIC WARRIORNOMADIC WARRIOR
INDO-EUROPEANSINDO-EUROPEANS
CHARIOT PEOPLESCHARIOT PEOPLES
INDO-EUROPEANSINDO-EUROPEANSINDO-IRANIANSINDO-IRANIANSINDO-ARYANS INDO-ARYANS THE SHANG ?THE SHANG ?
CYCLE OF CIVILIZATIONCYCLE OF CIVILIZATION
1. Nomads invade, conquer sedentary civilization
2. Nomads settled down, adopt many aspects of conquered civilization.
3. New syncretic culture thrives, reaches heights.
4. Nomadic culture weakens, loses all elements of old culture, falls to new nomadic threat.
1000 - 200 B.C.E.1000 - 200 B.C.E.Later Indo-Europeans especially the Later Indo-Europeans especially the Sakas, Kushans, Bactrians, Parthians Sakas, Kushans, Bactrians, Parthians & Sassanids migrated into South and & Sassanids migrated into South and
Southwest Asian; their movements Southwest Asian; their movements blended Hellenistic, Persian, and blended Hellenistic, Persian, and
Buddhist elements in a unique Buddhist elements in a unique culture. Persians became very activeculture. Persians became very active
in Central Asian settlement and tradein Central Asian settlement and trade
PARTHIANS, PARTHIANS, KUSHANSKUSHANS
SASSANIDSSASSANIDS
HAN DYNASTYHAN DYNASTY
THE HAN, ZHANG QIAN’S THE HAN, ZHANG QIAN’S EMBASSIES, HORSES & SILKEMBASSIES, HORSES & SILK
THE SILK ROADTHE SILK ROAD
There were many Silk Roads across Central Asia beginning in China and ending on the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean.
THE SILK ROADTHE SILK ROADHan China and the Xiong-Nu Han China and the Xiong-Nu
battled for control of the Easternbattled for control of the EasternSteppe. In the process, China soughtSteppe. In the process, China soughtallies & Central Asian horses, which allies & Central Asian horses, which they exchanged for silk. The nomadicthey exchanged for silk. The nomadic
peoples exchanged the silk with peoples exchanged the silk with civilizations in Southwest Asia civilizations in Southwest Asia
and the Silk Road was born.and the Silk Road was born.
RELIGIOUS EXCHANGESRELIGIOUS EXCHANGES
SYNCRETISMSYNCRETISM
INTERCULTURAL INTERCULTURAL EXCHANGESEXCHANGES
Trade Trade
and/or Tribute?and/or Tribute?
INTERCULTURAL INTERCULTURAL EXCHANGESEXCHANGES
Art and ArchitectureArt and Architecture
THE XIONG-NUTHE XIONG-NU
XIONG-NU, HUNS,XIONG-NU, HUNS,BLACK & WHITE HUNSBLACK & WHITE HUNS
Tribute EmpireTribute EmpireConfederacyConfederacyHostagesHostagesPolitical MarriagesPolitical MarriagesAllies, MercenariesAllies, MercenariesDestroyed Rome, IndiaDestroyed Rome, IndiaInvaded Sassanid PersiaInvaded Sassanid PersiaThreatened China, GermansThreatened China, Germans
UIGHURS (TURKS)UIGHURS (TURKS)
•Manichaen and BuddhistManichaen and Buddhist•Supported merchantsSupported merchants•Developed art, literatureDeveloped art, literature•Allies, Enemies, Saviors of TangAllies, Enemies, Saviors of Tang
The branches ruled in Mongolia, The branches ruled in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Sinkiang; partsInner Mongolia, Sinkiang; partsmigrated into Kazakh steppes &migrated into Kazakh steppes &
river valleys called Sogdianariver valleys called Sogdiana.
TURKSTURKSININ
CENTRALCENTRALASIAASIA
ISLAM IN CENTRAL ASIAISLAM IN CENTRAL ASIAArab Nomads 600 CEMuhammad 622 CE Sasanids Overrun: 637 CEUmayyads: 7th c.Abbassids: 8th c.Battle of Talas: 751 CE
Religion & TechnologyReligion & TechnologyPaper Products!Paper Products!
TURKS IN SOUTH AND TURKS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIASOUTHWEST ASIA
Seljuk Turks: 9th c. Seljuk Turks invade Southwest Asia and
defeat both the Abbassids and Byzantines. Create sultanates and military states; rule
as mercenaries throughout region.
Khwarazm Empire: 12th c.
THE MONGOLSTHE MONGOLS Chinggis KhanChinggis Khan
Yuan Dynasty (China, Mongolia)Yuan Dynasty (China, Mongolia)Golden Horde (Russia, Ukraine)Golden Horde (Russia, Ukraine)Ilkhanids (Persia, Iraq)Ilkhanids (Persia, Iraq)Chagatayids (Central Asia)Chagatayids (Central Asia) Pax MongolicaPax Mongolica
EXTENT OF EXTENT OF MONGOL EMPIREMONGOL EMPIRE
EXCHANGES UNDER EXCHANGES UNDER THE MONGOLSTHE MONGOLS
Technology, Diseases, Peoples, TributeTechnology, Diseases, Peoples, Tribute
TAMERLANETAMERLANE Central Asia and Afghanistan - Central Asia and Afghanistan -
devastating raids into India, devastating raids into India, Persia, Iraq, Caucasus Mts.Persia, Iraq, Caucasus Mts.
and Turkey. Built mounds of skulls and Turkey. Built mounds of skulls following conquests and sieges.following conquests and sieges.
RELATED TOPICSRELATED TOPICS•The Pandemic called the Black DeathThe Pandemic called the Black Death•Travels of Polo, Ibn Battuta, Bar SaumaTravels of Polo, Ibn Battuta, Bar Sauma•Exchanges of TechnologiesExchanges of Technologies•The Rise, Decline, Fall of Ming (China)The Rise, Decline, Fall of Ming (China)•The Mughal Dynasty (India)The Mughal Dynasty (India)•The Safavid and Qajar Dynasties (Persia)The Safavid and Qajar Dynasties (Persia)•The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire•The Rise of Moscovy (Russian Empire)The Rise of Moscovy (Russian Empire)
WHAT ENDED THE AGE WHAT ENDED THE AGE OF NOMADS?OF NOMADS?
FirearmsFirearmsStanding ArmiesStanding Armies
High-yield agricultureHigh-yield agricultureStrong, centralized bureaucraciesStrong, centralized bureaucracies
Pandemics devastated nomadsPandemics devastated nomadsAcculturationAcculturation
Established religionsEstablished religionsSea-borne tradeSea-borne trade
INTERNET LINKSINTERNET LINKSTHE ART OF THE SILK ROADTHE ART OF THE SILK ROAD
depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/ exhibit/index.shtml
SILK ROAD ENCOUNTERSSILK ROAD ENCOUNTERSwww.askasia.org/teachers/Instructional_
Resources/FEATURES/SilkRoad/ Intro.htm
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