Eighteenth Century Political Formations

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS

NCERT History

Class 7

Objective

• To learn key conceptso ‘Jagirdari’ systemo ‘Ijaradari’ systemoDifference between Jagirdari and Ijardario Subadari and Diwani

Mughal Rule in India

• MUGHAL RULE IN INDIA CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:– 1526 TO 1707

– 1707 TO 1857

GREAT MUGHALS 1526-1707

• BABUR (1526-1530)• HUMAYUN (1530-40 AND 1555)• AKBAR (1556-1605)• JAHANGIR (1605-27)• SHAHJAHAN (1628-1658)• AURANGZEB (1658-1707)

LATER MUGHALS (1707-1857)

• FARRUKHSIYAR (1713-1717)• MUHAMAD SHAH RANGEELA (1719-

1748)• SHAH ALAM II (1760-1806)

BREAKING UP OF MUGHAL EMPIRE

• Provinces of Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad

• Rajputs holding Watan Jagirs

• Independent states of Marathas, Sikhs and Jats

JAGIR

• A piece of land assigned to a government officer by the state.

Jagirdari system• The officers of Mughal Goverment received their

salaries in two ways:– Cash from the State

– Granted jagirs (collected and enjoyed the land revenue equivalent to the amount of their salaries)

Ijaradari (revenue farming)

• Ijara: lease, rent

• Ijaradar: lease-holder/contractor/revenue farmer

Difference between Jagirdari & Ijardari

• In Ijaradari, contractor/lease-holder had freedom to assess and collect taxes from the peasants/cultivators

• In jagirdari system the state fixed the amount of revenue to be collected by jagirdars

• In Ijardari systems the role of bankers and money-lenders increased

• Naturally the system ruined agriculture

Difference between Jagirdari & Ijardari

• The financial crisis accelerated the spread of the revenue farming system

• The revenue farmers, who rented lands for short periods, were concerned only to make the maximum profit

Subadar and Diwan

• Subadar: Provincial Governor– Head of civil as well as military administration

• Diwan: Revenue chief of province

• each kept strict watch over the other (check and Balance)

Check and Balance

This ended when subadar was also appointed as Diwan. Thus resulting into virtual independence of provinces.

Next videoo Provinces of Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad

o Their founder and Revenue system