EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time A.Lehrach (FZJ), B. Lorentz (FZJ), B.W.Morse (BNL), N.Nikolaev (FZJ & Landau Inst) F.Rathmann.

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EDM at COSY (JEDI)Selected Issues in Spin

Coherence TimeALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJ)

BWMorse (BNL) NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst)

FRathmann (FZJ)

Workshop on Future PNPI + FZJ (+ Landau Institute) Collaboration

PNPI Gatchina 15-27 June 2012

Layout

bull Why the EDM and at which accuracybull Why How When at COSY bull Momentum spread and retention of precessing

horizontal polarization without stable spin axisbull RFE(B)-flipper shall a new element in a ring destroy

spin coherencebull Spin Decoherence-free magic energies and flattop

RFE flipperbull EDM-transparent Wien filter is equivalent to the MDM-

transparent RFE flipper (as a side dish if time permits)bull In situ systematics with RFB flipper (more from F

Rathmann)bull Summary a stringent bound on the deuteron EDM at

COSY is feasible an opportunity not to miss

Electric dipole moment (EDM)

A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

time reversal symmetry (T)

Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

Frank Rathmann 319th International Spin Physics Symposium

EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

Injector cyclotron

COSY

hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

frathmannfz-juelichde 5Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Importance of Spin Coherence Time

for EDM Searches ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJ)

BWMorse (BNL) NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst)

FRathmann (FZJ)

RWTH IKP FZJ 3 May 2012

Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

ParticleAtom

Current EDM Limit

Future Goal

dn equivalent

Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

There are two storage ring projects being pursued

Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

proton 0701 16789 0000

deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

One machine with r~30 m

P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

for one year measurement

SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

3

Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

cme1052 29 pd

Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

field for RFE-field EDM flipper

bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

bull Need very long SCT

bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

COSY (if free of systematics)

polarized beam in ring

A

AS

one particle with magnetic moment

ldquospin tunerdquo

ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

s2

AS

ring

makes one turn

Vertical stable polarization

Frank Rathmann 16

αSy

θ

Horizonal spin after flipper

cos HH SSHS

HS

Beam

Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

COn

At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

Polarization not affected

Situation very different when you deal with S

COn

COn

At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

Longitudinal polarization vanishes

In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

In situ access to systematics

bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

Simple model

5 s 25 s 5 s

referenceoscillation

decoherencetime

oscillationcapture

RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

RF solenoid on off on

Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

hellip and money

Summary 1

Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

Simple model

5 s 25 s 5 s

referenceoscillation

decoherencetime

oscillationcapture

RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

RF solenoid on off on

EDM Cooperation

Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

International srEDM Network

srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

DOE-Proposal

Study Group

Precursor Ring Design

JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

spin manipulation

there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

snakesCOn

COn

flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

spin closed orbit

180o

Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

EDM Cooperation

Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

International srEDM Network

srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

DOE-Proposal

Study Group

Precursor Ring Design

JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

polarized beam in ring

A

AS

one particle with magnetic moment

ldquospin tunerdquo

ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

s2AS

ring

makes one turn

if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

sresonances

stable polarizationS

if COn

Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

Injector cyclotron

COSY

hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Spin Precession

In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

)()(dt

dEvBBvEd

S

( rest frame)

dt

dBEd

S

Systematic errorEDM signal

Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

Electric dipole moment (EDM)

A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

time reversal symmetry (T)

Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

Search for Electric Dipole Moments

frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

proton 0701 16789 0000

deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

One machine with r ~ 30 m

An all-in-one machine Protons

E-field only

54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

5 10 15 20 25 30 350

20

40

60

80

100

Proton EDM

E-field (MVm)

radi

us (

m)

r1 E( )

E

r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

An all-in-one machine Deuterons

E and B fields

55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

100 200 300 400 5000

10

20

B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

Deuteron EDM

kinetic energy (MeV)

radi

us (

m)

100 200 300 400 50015

10

5

0

B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

Deuteron EDM

kinetic energy (MeV)

radi

al E

-fie

ld (

MV

m)

Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

Technological challenges

Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

Circumference~ 200 m

frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

)(1052 29 yearonecmepd

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

COSY Concept for Snake

bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

bull Cryogen-free system

bull Should be available in 2012

Bdl (Tm)

pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

3329

PAX at COSY 140 MeV

1994

PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

13887

ANKE

PAXPAX

ANKE

An all-in-one machine Helions

E and B fields

59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

100 200 300 400 5000

10

20

B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

Helion EDM

kinetic energy (MeV)

radi

us (

m)

100 200 300 400 5000

10

20

30

B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

Helion EDM

kinetic energy (MeV)

radi

al E

-fie

ld (

MV

m)

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

Snake

Snake only

Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

Snake + RF E-field odd turns

PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

2

nPnP )2cos()( 0

Snake + RF E-field even turns

SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

frathmannfz-juelichde 63

Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

2 1010 4 10

10 6 1010

0

02

04

06

08

d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

n (number of turns)

P(n

)P

(n)

n (number of turns)

dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

2

nPnP )2cos()( 0

SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

p and d at same momentum

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

Polarimeter (dp elastic)

stored d

RF E-fieldvertical

polarization

spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

Two situations

1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

51011000 ss

growsPP

dropsP

zx

y

22

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

Constant E-field

Number of turns

E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

Number of turns

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

Number of turns

EDM effect accumulates

Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

E

BBvddt

sd )(

Measurement using an all magnetic ring

bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

Top priority to make them available ASAP

bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

Summary

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Spare transparencies

Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

Momentum vector

bull Lower energy particle

bull hellipjust right

bull Higher energy particle

Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

2

2

1

1

2

gG

c

EGBG

m

eG

For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

relative to the momentum direction is given by

0 EB

G

frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

11

01

12

G

G

G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

G

mp

G 1

1

μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

spin manipulation

there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

snakesCOn

COn

flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

spin closed orbit

180o

frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Machine acceptance

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

lost

cooled

targetring acceptance

beam

In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

the target dominates beam loss

K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

IBeam

time

COSY used as accelerator and detector

PAX

Need for a high precision BCT

frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

Status TRI Test at COSY

bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

Technological challenges

Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

Circumference~ 200 m

Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

ParticleAtom

Current EDM Limit

Future Goal

dn equivalent

Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

Spin Precession

In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

)()(dt

dEvBBvEd

S

( rest frame)

Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

dt

dBEd

S

Systematic errorEDM signal

Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

Search for Electric Dipole Moments

particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

proton 0701 16789 0000

deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

0G

Edt

s

d

d

One machine with r ~ 30 m

Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

COn

At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

Polarization not affected

Situation very different when you deal with S

COn

COn

At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

Longitudinal polarization vanishes

In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

Simple model

5 s 25 s 5 s

referenceoscillation

decoherencetime

oscillationcapture

RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

RF solenoid on off on

Polarimeter (dp elastic)

stored d

RF E(B)-fieldvertical

polarization

Spin precession governed by Two situations

1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

growsPP

dropsP

zx

y

22

Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

Conclusion from simple model

First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

dt

dBEd

S

( rest frame)

Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

EDM Cooperation

Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

International srEDM Network

srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

DOE-Proposal

Study Group

Precursor Ring Design

JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

Copied from K Jungmann

History of neutron EDM limits

Adopted from K Kirch

bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

Momentum vector

Lower energy particle

hellipjust right

Higher energy particle

Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

2

2

1

1

2

gG

c

EGBG

m

eG

For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

relative to the momentum direction is given by

0 EB

G

Spin Motion in Storage Rings

For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

c

EGBG

m

eG

1

1

2

edmG

0 EB

B

c

E

S

cdedm

Systematic Effects

The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

2

c

EVsys

R

V

E

E

d

GR

If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

Field stability ground motion temperature stability

Radial precession

Needs to be minimized

Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

EDM Projects

RampD Activity Goal Test

Internal Polarimeter

spin as a function of time

Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

EDM at COSY

Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

Spin Coherence Time

gt103 s EDM at COSY

Beam Position Monitor

resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

BNLRHIC IP

EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

Juumllich

Proton EDMBNL

Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

Beam and Spin Simulations

COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

Number of turns

Simulation of Spin Rotations

Courtesy F Rathmann

Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

Number of turns

22zx PPP

EDM effect accumulates

Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

17

3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

Expected half life 5-10 s

WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

18

3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

Cooled

Uncooled

WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

19

3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

Cooled

Uncooled

Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

t t=Lv

Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

for one year measurement

SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

3

Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

cme1052 29 pd

Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
  • Layout
  • Slide 3
  • Slide 4
  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
  • polarized beam in ring
  • Slide 17
  • Horizonal spin after flipper
  • Slide 19
  • Spin coherence
  • Slide 21
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
  • In situ access to systematics
  • Slide 28
  • Slide 29
  • Summary 2
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • Slide 43
  • Slide 44
  • Slide 45
  • spin manipulation
  • Slide 47
  • Slide 48
  • Slide 49
  • Spin Precession
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • Slide 59
  • Slide 60
  • Slide 61
  • Slide 62
  • Slide 63
  • Slide 64
  • Slide 65
  • Slide 66
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
  • Slide 74
  • Machine acceptance
  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
  • Need for a high precision BCT
  • Slide 78
  • Slide 79
  • Slide 80
  • Slide 81
  • Slide 82
  • Slide 83
  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • History of neutron EDM limits
  • Slide 89
  • Slide 90
  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
  • Systematic Effects
  • Slide 93
  • Slide 94
  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
  • Slide 97
  • Slide 98
  • Slide 99
  • Slide 100
  • Slide 101
  • Slide 102
  • Slide 103
  • Slide 104
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Slide 108
  • Slide 109
  • Slide 110
  • Slide 111

    Layout

    bull Why the EDM and at which accuracybull Why How When at COSY bull Momentum spread and retention of precessing

    horizontal polarization without stable spin axisbull RFE(B)-flipper shall a new element in a ring destroy

    spin coherencebull Spin Decoherence-free magic energies and flattop

    RFE flipperbull EDM-transparent Wien filter is equivalent to the MDM-

    transparent RFE flipper (as a side dish if time permits)bull In situ systematics with RFB flipper (more from F

    Rathmann)bull Summary a stringent bound on the deuteron EDM at

    COSY is feasible an opportunity not to miss

    Electric dipole moment (EDM)

    A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

    time reversal symmetry (T)

    Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    Frank Rathmann 319th International Spin Physics Symposium

    EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

    p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

    Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

    Injector cyclotron

    COSY

    hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

    frathmannfz-juelichde 5Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Importance of Spin Coherence Time

    for EDM Searches ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJ)

    BWMorse (BNL) NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst)

    FRathmann (FZJ)

    RWTH IKP FZJ 3 May 2012

    Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

    ParticleAtom

    Current EDM Limit

    Future Goal

    dn equivalent

    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

    frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    There are two storage ring projects being pursued

    Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

    Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

    NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

    Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

    proton 0701 16789 0000

    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

    One machine with r~30 m

    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

    Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

    for one year measurement

    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

    3

    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

    cme1052 29 pd

    Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

    field for RFE-field EDM flipper

    bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

    bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

    bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

    bull Need very long SCT

    bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

    COSY (if free of systematics)

    polarized beam in ring

    A

    AS

    one particle with magnetic moment

    ldquospin tunerdquo

    ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

    s2

    AS

    ring

    makes one turn

    Vertical stable polarization

    Frank Rathmann 16

    αSy

    θ

    Horizonal spin after flipper

    cos HH SSHS

    HS

    Beam

    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

    COn

    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

    Polarization not affected

    Situation very different when you deal with S

    COn

    COn

    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

    Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

    In situ access to systematics

    bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

    bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

    bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

    Simple model

    5 s 25 s 5 s

    referenceoscillation

    decoherencetime

    oscillationcapture

    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

    RF solenoid on off on

    Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

    hellip and money

    Summary 1

    Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

    reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

    Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

    An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

    But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

    Simple model

    5 s 25 s 5 s

    referenceoscillation

    decoherencetime

    oscillationcapture

    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

    RF solenoid on off on

    EDM Cooperation

    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

    International srEDM Network

    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

    DOE-Proposal

    Study Group

    Precursor Ring Design

    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

    spin manipulation

    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

    snakesCOn

    COn

    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

    spin closed orbit

    180o

    Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

    EDM Cooperation

    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

    International srEDM Network

    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

    DOE-Proposal

    Study Group

    Precursor Ring Design

    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

    polarized beam in ring

    A

    AS

    one particle with magnetic moment

    ldquospin tunerdquo

    ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

    s2AS

    ring

    makes one turn

    if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

    sresonances

    stable polarizationS

    if COn

    Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

    EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

    p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

    Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

    Injector cyclotron

    COSY

    hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

    frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Spin Precession

    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

    )()(dt

    dEvBBvEd

    S

    ( rest frame)

    dt

    dBEd

    S

    Systematic errorEDM signal

    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

    Electric dipole moment (EDM)

    A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

    time reversal symmetry (T)

    Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

    frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

    NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

    frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

    proton 0701 16789 0000

    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

    One machine with r ~ 30 m

    An all-in-one machine Protons

    E-field only

    54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

    5 10 15 20 25 30 350

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    Proton EDM

    E-field (MVm)

    radi

    us (

    m)

    r1 E( )

    E

    r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

    r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

    An all-in-one machine Deuterons

    E and B fields

    55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

    100 200 300 400 5000

    10

    20

    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

    Deuteron EDM

    kinetic energy (MeV)

    radi

    us (

    m)

    100 200 300 400 50015

    10

    5

    0

    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

    Deuteron EDM

    kinetic energy (MeV)

    radi

    al E

    -fie

    ld (

    MV

    m)

    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

    Technological challenges

    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

    Circumference~ 200 m

    frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

    )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

    COSY Concept for Snake

    bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

    bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

    bull Cryogen-free system

    bull Should be available in 2012

    Bdl (Tm)

    pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

    3329

    PAX at COSY 140 MeV

    1994

    PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

    Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

    13887

    ANKE

    PAXPAX

    ANKE

    An all-in-one machine Helions

    E and B fields

    59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

    100 200 300 400 5000

    10

    20

    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

    Helion EDM

    kinetic energy (MeV)

    radi

    us (

    m)

    100 200 300 400 5000

    10

    20

    30

    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

    Helion EDM

    kinetic energy (MeV)

    radi

    al E

    -fie

    ld (

    MV

    m)

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

    Snake

    Snake only

    Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

    Snake + RF E-field odd turns

    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

    2

    nPnP )2cos()( 0

    Snake + RF E-field even turns

    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

    frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

    frathmannfz-juelichde 63

    Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

    bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

    bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

    bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

    bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

    2 1010 4 10

    10 6 1010

    0

    02

    04

    06

    08

    d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

    n (number of turns)

    P(n

    )P

    (n)

    n (number of turns)

    dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

    2

    nPnP )2cos()( 0

    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

    Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

    PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

    It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

    bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

    bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

    bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

    bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

    Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

    p and d at same momentum

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

    PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

    stored d

    RF E-fieldvertical

    polarization

    spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

    Two situations

    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

    This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

    51011000 ss

    growsPP

    dropsP

    zx

    y

    22

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

    Constant E-field

    Number of turns

    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

    Number of turns

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

    Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

    2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

    Number of turns

    EDM effect accumulates

    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

    PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

    Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

    E

    BBvddt

    sd )(

    Measurement using an all magnetic ring

    bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

    bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

    bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

    bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

    bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

    Top priority to make them available ASAP

    bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

    Summary

    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

    frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Spare transparencies

    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

    Momentum vector

    bull Lower energy particle

    bull hellipjust right

    bull Higher energy particle

    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

    2

    2

    1

    1

    2

    gG

    c

    EGBG

    m

    eG

    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

    relative to the momentum direction is given by

    0 EB

    G

    frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

    11

    01

    12

    G

    G

    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

    G

    mp

    G 1

    1

    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    spin manipulation

    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

    snakesCOn

    COn

    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

    spin closed orbit

    180o

    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Machine acceptance

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

    lost

    cooled

    targetring acceptance

    beam

    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

    the target dominates beam loss

    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

    IBeam

    time

    COSY used as accelerator and detector

    PAX

    Need for a high precision BCT

    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

    Status TRI Test at COSY

    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

    Technological challenges

    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

    Circumference~ 200 m

    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

    ParticleAtom

    Current EDM Limit

    Future Goal

    dn equivalent

    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

    Spin Precession

    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

    )()(dt

    dEvBBvEd

    S

    ( rest frame)

    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

    dt

    dBEd

    S

    Systematic errorEDM signal

    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

    proton 0701 16789 0000

    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

    0G

    Edt

    s

    d

    d

    One machine with r ~ 30 m

    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

    COn

    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

    Polarization not affected

    Situation very different when you deal with S

    COn

    COn

    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

    Simple model

    5 s 25 s 5 s

    referenceoscillation

    decoherencetime

    oscillationcapture

    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

    RF solenoid on off on

    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

    stored d

    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

    polarization

    Spin precession governed by Two situations

    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

    growsPP

    dropsP

    zx

    y

    22

    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

    Conclusion from simple model

    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

    dt

    dBEd

    S

    ( rest frame)

    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

    EDM Cooperation

    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

    International srEDM Network

    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

    DOE-Proposal

    Study Group

    Precursor Ring Design

    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

    Copied from K Jungmann

    History of neutron EDM limits

    Adopted from K Kirch

    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

    Momentum vector

    Lower energy particle

    hellipjust right

    Higher energy particle

    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

    2

    2

    1

    1

    2

    gG

    c

    EGBG

    m

    eG

    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

    relative to the momentum direction is given by

    0 EB

    G

    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

    c

    EGBG

    m

    eG

    1

    1

    2

    edmG

    0 EB

    B

    c

    E

    S

    cdedm

    Systematic Effects

    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

    2

    c

    EVsys

    R

    V

    E

    E

    d

    GR

    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

    Radial precession

    Needs to be minimized

    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

    EDM Projects

    RampD Activity Goal Test

    Internal Polarimeter

    spin as a function of time

    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

    EDM at COSY

    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

    Spin Coherence Time

    gt103 s EDM at COSY

    Beam Position Monitor

    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

    BNLRHIC IP

    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

    Juumllich

    Proton EDMBNL

    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

    Beam and Spin Simulations

    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

    Number of turns

    Simulation of Spin Rotations

    Courtesy F Rathmann

    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

    Number of turns

    22zx PPP

    EDM effect accumulates

    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

    17

    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

    Expected half life 5-10 s

    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

    18

    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

    Cooled

    Uncooled

    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

    19

    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

    Cooled

    Uncooled

    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

    t t=Lv

    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

    for one year measurement

    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

    3

    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

    cme1052 29 pd

    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
    • Layout
    • Slide 3
    • Slide 4
    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
    • Slide 7
    • Slide 8
    • Slide 9
    • Slide 10
    • Slide 11
    • Slide 12
    • Slide 13
    • Slide 14
    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
    • polarized beam in ring
    • Slide 17
    • Horizonal spin after flipper
    • Slide 19
    • Spin coherence
    • Slide 21
    • Slide 22
    • Slide 23
    • Slide 24
    • Slide 25
    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
    • In situ access to systematics
    • Slide 28
    • Slide 29
    • Summary 2
    • Slide 31
    • Slide 32
    • Slide 33
    • Slide 34
    • Slide 35
    • Slide 36
    • Slide 37
    • Slide 38
    • Slide 39
    • Slide 40
    • Slide 41
    • Slide 42
    • Slide 43
    • Slide 44
    • Slide 45
    • spin manipulation
    • Slide 47
    • Slide 48
    • Slide 49
    • Spin Precession
    • Slide 51
    • Slide 52
    • Slide 53
    • Slide 54
    • Slide 55
    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
    • Slide 57
    • Slide 58
    • Slide 59
    • Slide 60
    • Slide 61
    • Slide 62
    • Slide 63
    • Slide 64
    • Slide 65
    • Slide 66
    • Slide 67
    • Slide 68
    • Slide 69
    • Slide 70
    • Slide 71
    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
    • Slide 74
    • Machine acceptance
    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
    • Need for a high precision BCT
    • Slide 78
    • Slide 79
    • Slide 80
    • Slide 81
    • Slide 82
    • Slide 83
    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
    • Slide 86
    • Slide 87
    • History of neutron EDM limits
    • Slide 89
    • Slide 90
    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
    • Systematic Effects
    • Slide 93
    • Slide 94
    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
    • Slide 97
    • Slide 98
    • Slide 99
    • Slide 100
    • Slide 101
    • Slide 102
    • Slide 103
    • Slide 104
    • Slide 105
    • Slide 106
    • Slide 107
    • Slide 108
    • Slide 109
    • Slide 110
    • Slide 111

      Electric dipole moment (EDM)

      A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

      time reversal symmetry (T)

      Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      Frank Rathmann 319th International Spin Physics Symposium

      EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

      p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

      Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

      Injector cyclotron

      COSY

      hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

      frathmannfz-juelichde 5Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Importance of Spin Coherence Time

      for EDM Searches ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJ)

      BWMorse (BNL) NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst)

      FRathmann (FZJ)

      RWTH IKP FZJ 3 May 2012

      Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

      ParticleAtom

      Current EDM Limit

      Future Goal

      dn equivalent

      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

      frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      There are two storage ring projects being pursued

      Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

      Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

      NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

      Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

      proton 0701 16789 0000

      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

      One machine with r~30 m

      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

      Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

      for one year measurement

      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

      3

      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

      cme1052 29 pd

      Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

      field for RFE-field EDM flipper

      bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

      bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

      bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

      bull Need very long SCT

      bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

      COSY (if free of systematics)

      polarized beam in ring

      A

      AS

      one particle with magnetic moment

      ldquospin tunerdquo

      ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

      s2

      AS

      ring

      makes one turn

      Vertical stable polarization

      Frank Rathmann 16

      αSy

      θ

      Horizonal spin after flipper

      cos HH SSHS

      HS

      Beam

      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

      COn

      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

      Polarization not affected

      Situation very different when you deal with S

      COn

      COn

      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

      Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

      In situ access to systematics

      bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

      bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

      bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

      Simple model

      5 s 25 s 5 s

      referenceoscillation

      decoherencetime

      oscillationcapture

      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

      RF solenoid on off on

      Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

      hellip and money

      Summary 1

      Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

      reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

      Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

      An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

      But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

      Simple model

      5 s 25 s 5 s

      referenceoscillation

      decoherencetime

      oscillationcapture

      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

      RF solenoid on off on

      EDM Cooperation

      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

      International srEDM Network

      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

      DOE-Proposal

      Study Group

      Precursor Ring Design

      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

      spin manipulation

      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

      snakesCOn

      COn

      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

      spin closed orbit

      180o

      Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

      EDM Cooperation

      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

      International srEDM Network

      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

      DOE-Proposal

      Study Group

      Precursor Ring Design

      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

      polarized beam in ring

      A

      AS

      one particle with magnetic moment

      ldquospin tunerdquo

      ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

      s2AS

      ring

      makes one turn

      if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

      sresonances

      stable polarizationS

      if COn

      Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

      EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

      p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

      Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

      Injector cyclotron

      COSY

      hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

      frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Spin Precession

      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

      )()(dt

      dEvBBvEd

      S

      ( rest frame)

      dt

      dBEd

      S

      Systematic errorEDM signal

      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

      Electric dipole moment (EDM)

      A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

      time reversal symmetry (T)

      Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

      frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

      NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

      frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

      proton 0701 16789 0000

      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

      One machine with r ~ 30 m

      An all-in-one machine Protons

      E-field only

      54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

      5 10 15 20 25 30 350

      20

      40

      60

      80

      100

      Proton EDM

      E-field (MVm)

      radi

      us (

      m)

      r1 E( )

      E

      r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

      r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

      An all-in-one machine Deuterons

      E and B fields

      55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

      100 200 300 400 5000

      10

      20

      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

      Deuteron EDM

      kinetic energy (MeV)

      radi

      us (

      m)

      100 200 300 400 50015

      10

      5

      0

      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

      Deuteron EDM

      kinetic energy (MeV)

      radi

      al E

      -fie

      ld (

      MV

      m)

      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

      Technological challenges

      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

      Circumference~ 200 m

      frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

      )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

      COSY Concept for Snake

      bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

      bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

      bull Cryogen-free system

      bull Should be available in 2012

      Bdl (Tm)

      pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

      3329

      PAX at COSY 140 MeV

      1994

      PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

      Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

      13887

      ANKE

      PAXPAX

      ANKE

      An all-in-one machine Helions

      E and B fields

      59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

      100 200 300 400 5000

      10

      20

      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

      Helion EDM

      kinetic energy (MeV)

      radi

      us (

      m)

      100 200 300 400 5000

      10

      20

      30

      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

      Helion EDM

      kinetic energy (MeV)

      radi

      al E

      -fie

      ld (

      MV

      m)

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

      Snake

      Snake only

      Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

      Snake + RF E-field odd turns

      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

      2

      nPnP )2cos()( 0

      Snake + RF E-field even turns

      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

      frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

      frathmannfz-juelichde 63

      Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

      bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

      bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

      bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

      bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

      2 1010 4 10

      10 6 1010

      0

      02

      04

      06

      08

      d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

      n (number of turns)

      P(n

      )P

      (n)

      n (number of turns)

      dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

      2

      nPnP )2cos()( 0

      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

      Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

      PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

      It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

      bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

      bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

      bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

      bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

      Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

      p and d at same momentum

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

      PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

      stored d

      RF E-fieldvertical

      polarization

      spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

      Two situations

      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

      This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

      51011000 ss

      growsPP

      dropsP

      zx

      y

      22

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

      Constant E-field

      Number of turns

      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

      Number of turns

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

      Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

      2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

      Number of turns

      EDM effect accumulates

      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

      PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

      Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

      E

      BBvddt

      sd )(

      Measurement using an all magnetic ring

      bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

      bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

      bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

      bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

      bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

      Top priority to make them available ASAP

      bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

      Summary

      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

      frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Spare transparencies

      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

      Momentum vector

      bull Lower energy particle

      bull hellipjust right

      bull Higher energy particle

      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

      2

      2

      1

      1

      2

      gG

      c

      EGBG

      m

      eG

      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

      relative to the momentum direction is given by

      0 EB

      G

      frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

      11

      01

      12

      G

      G

      G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

      Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

      G

      mp

      G 1

      1

      μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

      Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

      frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      spin manipulation

      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

      snakesCOn

      COn

      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

      spin closed orbit

      180o

      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Machine acceptance

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

      lost

      cooled

      targetring acceptance

      beam

      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

      the target dominates beam loss

      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

      IBeam

      time

      COSY used as accelerator and detector

      PAX

      Need for a high precision BCT

      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

      Status TRI Test at COSY

      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

      Technological challenges

      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

      Circumference~ 200 m

      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

      ParticleAtom

      Current EDM Limit

      Future Goal

      dn equivalent

      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

      Spin Precession

      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

      )()(dt

      dEvBBvEd

      S

      ( rest frame)

      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

      dt

      dBEd

      S

      Systematic errorEDM signal

      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

      proton 0701 16789 0000

      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

      0G

      Edt

      s

      d

      d

      One machine with r ~ 30 m

      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

      COn

      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

      Polarization not affected

      Situation very different when you deal with S

      COn

      COn

      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

      Simple model

      5 s 25 s 5 s

      referenceoscillation

      decoherencetime

      oscillationcapture

      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

      RF solenoid on off on

      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

      stored d

      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

      polarization

      Spin precession governed by Two situations

      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

      growsPP

      dropsP

      zx

      y

      22

      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

      Conclusion from simple model

      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

      dt

      dBEd

      S

      ( rest frame)

      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

      EDM Cooperation

      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

      International srEDM Network

      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

      DOE-Proposal

      Study Group

      Precursor Ring Design

      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

      Copied from K Jungmann

      History of neutron EDM limits

      Adopted from K Kirch

      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

      Momentum vector

      Lower energy particle

      hellipjust right

      Higher energy particle

      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

      2

      2

      1

      1

      2

      gG

      c

      EGBG

      m

      eG

      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

      relative to the momentum direction is given by

      0 EB

      G

      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

      c

      EGBG

      m

      eG

      1

      1

      2

      edmG

      0 EB

      B

      c

      E

      S

      cdedm

      Systematic Effects

      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

      2

      c

      EVsys

      R

      V

      E

      E

      d

      GR

      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

      Radial precession

      Needs to be minimized

      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

      EDM Projects

      RampD Activity Goal Test

      Internal Polarimeter

      spin as a function of time

      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

      EDM at COSY

      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

      Spin Coherence Time

      gt103 s EDM at COSY

      Beam Position Monitor

      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

      BNLRHIC IP

      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

      Juumllich

      Proton EDMBNL

      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

      Beam and Spin Simulations

      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

      Number of turns

      Simulation of Spin Rotations

      Courtesy F Rathmann

      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

      Number of turns

      22zx PPP

      EDM effect accumulates

      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

      17

      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

      Expected half life 5-10 s

      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

      18

      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

      Cooled

      Uncooled

      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

      19

      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

      Cooled

      Uncooled

      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

      t t=Lv

      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

      for one year measurement

      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

      3

      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

      cme1052 29 pd

      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
      • Layout
      • Slide 3
      • Slide 4
      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
      • Slide 7
      • Slide 8
      • Slide 9
      • Slide 10
      • Slide 11
      • Slide 12
      • Slide 13
      • Slide 14
      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
      • polarized beam in ring
      • Slide 17
      • Horizonal spin after flipper
      • Slide 19
      • Spin coherence
      • Slide 21
      • Slide 22
      • Slide 23
      • Slide 24
      • Slide 25
      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
      • In situ access to systematics
      • Slide 28
      • Slide 29
      • Summary 2
      • Slide 31
      • Slide 32
      • Slide 33
      • Slide 34
      • Slide 35
      • Slide 36
      • Slide 37
      • Slide 38
      • Slide 39
      • Slide 40
      • Slide 41
      • Slide 42
      • Slide 43
      • Slide 44
      • Slide 45
      • spin manipulation
      • Slide 47
      • Slide 48
      • Slide 49
      • Spin Precession
      • Slide 51
      • Slide 52
      • Slide 53
      • Slide 54
      • Slide 55
      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
      • Slide 57
      • Slide 58
      • Slide 59
      • Slide 60
      • Slide 61
      • Slide 62
      • Slide 63
      • Slide 64
      • Slide 65
      • Slide 66
      • Slide 67
      • Slide 68
      • Slide 69
      • Slide 70
      • Slide 71
      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
      • Slide 74
      • Machine acceptance
      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
      • Need for a high precision BCT
      • Slide 78
      • Slide 79
      • Slide 80
      • Slide 81
      • Slide 82
      • Slide 83
      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
      • Slide 86
      • Slide 87
      • History of neutron EDM limits
      • Slide 89
      • Slide 90
      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
      • Systematic Effects
      • Slide 93
      • Slide 94
      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
      • Slide 97
      • Slide 98
      • Slide 99
      • Slide 100
      • Slide 101
      • Slide 102
      • Slide 103
      • Slide 104
      • Slide 105
      • Slide 106
      • Slide 107
      • Slide 108
      • Slide 109
      • Slide 110
      • Slide 111

        EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

        p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

        Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

        Injector cyclotron

        COSY

        hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

        frathmannfz-juelichde 5Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Importance of Spin Coherence Time

        for EDM Searches ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJ)

        BWMorse (BNL) NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst)

        FRathmann (FZJ)

        RWTH IKP FZJ 3 May 2012

        Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

        ParticleAtom

        Current EDM Limit

        Future Goal

        dn equivalent

        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

        frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        There are two storage ring projects being pursued

        Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

        Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

        NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

        Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

        proton 0701 16789 0000

        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

        One machine with r~30 m

        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

        Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

        for one year measurement

        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

        3

        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

        cme1052 29 pd

        Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

        field for RFE-field EDM flipper

        bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

        bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

        bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

        bull Need very long SCT

        bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

        COSY (if free of systematics)

        polarized beam in ring

        A

        AS

        one particle with magnetic moment

        ldquospin tunerdquo

        ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

        s2

        AS

        ring

        makes one turn

        Vertical stable polarization

        Frank Rathmann 16

        αSy

        θ

        Horizonal spin after flipper

        cos HH SSHS

        HS

        Beam

        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

        COn

        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

        Polarization not affected

        Situation very different when you deal with S

        COn

        COn

        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

        Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

        In situ access to systematics

        bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

        bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

        bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

        Simple model

        5 s 25 s 5 s

        referenceoscillation

        decoherencetime

        oscillationcapture

        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

        RF solenoid on off on

        Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

        hellip and money

        Summary 1

        Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

        reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

        Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

        An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

        But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

        Simple model

        5 s 25 s 5 s

        referenceoscillation

        decoherencetime

        oscillationcapture

        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

        RF solenoid on off on

        EDM Cooperation

        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

        International srEDM Network

        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

        DOE-Proposal

        Study Group

        Precursor Ring Design

        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

        spin manipulation

        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

        snakesCOn

        COn

        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

        spin closed orbit

        180o

        Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

        EDM Cooperation

        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

        International srEDM Network

        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

        DOE-Proposal

        Study Group

        Precursor Ring Design

        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

        polarized beam in ring

        A

        AS

        one particle with magnetic moment

        ldquospin tunerdquo

        ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

        s2AS

        ring

        makes one turn

        if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

        sresonances

        stable polarizationS

        if COn

        Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

        EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

        p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

        Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

        Injector cyclotron

        COSY

        hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

        frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Spin Precession

        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

        )()(dt

        dEvBBvEd

        S

        ( rest frame)

        dt

        dBEd

        S

        Systematic errorEDM signal

        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

        Electric dipole moment (EDM)

        A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

        time reversal symmetry (T)

        Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

        frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

        NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

        frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

        proton 0701 16789 0000

        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

        One machine with r ~ 30 m

        An all-in-one machine Protons

        E-field only

        54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

        5 10 15 20 25 30 350

        20

        40

        60

        80

        100

        Proton EDM

        E-field (MVm)

        radi

        us (

        m)

        r1 E( )

        E

        r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

        r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

        An all-in-one machine Deuterons

        E and B fields

        55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

        100 200 300 400 5000

        10

        20

        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

        Deuteron EDM

        kinetic energy (MeV)

        radi

        us (

        m)

        100 200 300 400 50015

        10

        5

        0

        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

        Deuteron EDM

        kinetic energy (MeV)

        radi

        al E

        -fie

        ld (

        MV

        m)

        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

        Technological challenges

        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

        Circumference~ 200 m

        frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

        )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

        COSY Concept for Snake

        bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

        bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

        bull Cryogen-free system

        bull Should be available in 2012

        Bdl (Tm)

        pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

        3329

        PAX at COSY 140 MeV

        1994

        PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

        Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

        13887

        ANKE

        PAXPAX

        ANKE

        An all-in-one machine Helions

        E and B fields

        59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

        100 200 300 400 5000

        10

        20

        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

        Helion EDM

        kinetic energy (MeV)

        radi

        us (

        m)

        100 200 300 400 5000

        10

        20

        30

        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

        Helion EDM

        kinetic energy (MeV)

        radi

        al E

        -fie

        ld (

        MV

        m)

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

        Snake

        Snake only

        Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

        Snake + RF E-field odd turns

        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

        2

        nPnP )2cos()( 0

        Snake + RF E-field even turns

        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

        frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

        frathmannfz-juelichde 63

        Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

        bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

        bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

        bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

        bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

        2 1010 4 10

        10 6 1010

        0

        02

        04

        06

        08

        d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

        n (number of turns)

        P(n

        )P

        (n)

        n (number of turns)

        dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

        2

        nPnP )2cos()( 0

        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

        Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

        PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

        It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

        bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

        bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

        bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

        bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

        Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

        p and d at same momentum

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

        PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

        stored d

        RF E-fieldvertical

        polarization

        spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

        Two situations

        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

        This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

        51011000 ss

        growsPP

        dropsP

        zx

        y

        22

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

        Constant E-field

        Number of turns

        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

        Number of turns

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

        Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

        2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

        Number of turns

        EDM effect accumulates

        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

        PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

        Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

        E

        BBvddt

        sd )(

        Measurement using an all magnetic ring

        bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

        bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

        bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

        bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

        bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

        Top priority to make them available ASAP

        bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

        Summary

        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

        frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Spare transparencies

        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

        Momentum vector

        bull Lower energy particle

        bull hellipjust right

        bull Higher energy particle

        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

        2

        2

        1

        1

        2

        gG

        c

        EGBG

        m

        eG

        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

        relative to the momentum direction is given by

        0 EB

        G

        frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

        11

        01

        12

        G

        G

        G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

        Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

        G

        mp

        G 1

        1

        μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

        Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

        frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        spin manipulation

        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

        snakesCOn

        COn

        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

        spin closed orbit

        180o

        frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Machine acceptance

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

        lost

        cooled

        targetring acceptance

        beam

        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

        the target dominates beam loss

        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

        IBeam

        time

        COSY used as accelerator and detector

        PAX

        Need for a high precision BCT

        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

        Status TRI Test at COSY

        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

        Technological challenges

        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

        Circumference~ 200 m

        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

        ParticleAtom

        Current EDM Limit

        Future Goal

        dn equivalent

        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

        Spin Precession

        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

        )()(dt

        dEvBBvEd

        S

        ( rest frame)

        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

        dt

        dBEd

        S

        Systematic errorEDM signal

        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

        proton 0701 16789 0000

        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

        0G

        Edt

        s

        d

        d

        One machine with r ~ 30 m

        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

        COn

        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

        Polarization not affected

        Situation very different when you deal with S

        COn

        COn

        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

        Simple model

        5 s 25 s 5 s

        referenceoscillation

        decoherencetime

        oscillationcapture

        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

        RF solenoid on off on

        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

        stored d

        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

        polarization

        Spin precession governed by Two situations

        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

        growsPP

        dropsP

        zx

        y

        22

        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

        Conclusion from simple model

        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

        dt

        dBEd

        S

        ( rest frame)

        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

        EDM Cooperation

        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

        International srEDM Network

        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

        DOE-Proposal

        Study Group

        Precursor Ring Design

        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

        Copied from K Jungmann

        History of neutron EDM limits

        Adopted from K Kirch

        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

        Momentum vector

        Lower energy particle

        hellipjust right

        Higher energy particle

        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

        2

        2

        1

        1

        2

        gG

        c

        EGBG

        m

        eG

        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

        relative to the momentum direction is given by

        0 EB

        G

        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

        c

        EGBG

        m

        eG

        1

        1

        2

        edmG

        0 EB

        B

        c

        E

        S

        cdedm

        Systematic Effects

        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

        2

        c

        EVsys

        R

        V

        E

        E

        d

        GR

        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

        Radial precession

        Needs to be minimized

        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

        EDM Projects

        RampD Activity Goal Test

        Internal Polarimeter

        spin as a function of time

        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

        EDM at COSY

        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

        Spin Coherence Time

        gt103 s EDM at COSY

        Beam Position Monitor

        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

        BNLRHIC IP

        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

        Juumllich

        Proton EDMBNL

        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

        Beam and Spin Simulations

        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

        Number of turns

        Simulation of Spin Rotations

        Courtesy F Rathmann

        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

        Number of turns

        22zx PPP

        EDM effect accumulates

        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

        17

        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

        Expected half life 5-10 s

        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

        18

        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

        Cooled

        Uncooled

        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

        19

        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

        Cooled

        Uncooled

        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

        t t=Lv

        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

        for one year measurement

        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

        3

        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

        cme1052 29 pd

        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
        • Layout
        • Slide 3
        • Slide 4
        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
        • Slide 7
        • Slide 8
        • Slide 9
        • Slide 10
        • Slide 11
        • Slide 12
        • Slide 13
        • Slide 14
        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
        • polarized beam in ring
        • Slide 17
        • Horizonal spin after flipper
        • Slide 19
        • Spin coherence
        • Slide 21
        • Slide 22
        • Slide 23
        • Slide 24
        • Slide 25
        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
        • In situ access to systematics
        • Slide 28
        • Slide 29
        • Summary 2
        • Slide 31
        • Slide 32
        • Slide 33
        • Slide 34
        • Slide 35
        • Slide 36
        • Slide 37
        • Slide 38
        • Slide 39
        • Slide 40
        • Slide 41
        • Slide 42
        • Slide 43
        • Slide 44
        • Slide 45
        • spin manipulation
        • Slide 47
        • Slide 48
        • Slide 49
        • Spin Precession
        • Slide 51
        • Slide 52
        • Slide 53
        • Slide 54
        • Slide 55
        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
        • Slide 57
        • Slide 58
        • Slide 59
        • Slide 60
        • Slide 61
        • Slide 62
        • Slide 63
        • Slide 64
        • Slide 65
        • Slide 66
        • Slide 67
        • Slide 68
        • Slide 69
        • Slide 70
        • Slide 71
        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
        • Slide 74
        • Machine acceptance
        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
        • Need for a high precision BCT
        • Slide 78
        • Slide 79
        • Slide 80
        • Slide 81
        • Slide 82
        • Slide 83
        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
        • Slide 86
        • Slide 87
        • History of neutron EDM limits
        • Slide 89
        • Slide 90
        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
        • Systematic Effects
        • Slide 93
        • Slide 94
        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
        • Slide 97
        • Slide 98
        • Slide 99
        • Slide 100
        • Slide 101
        • Slide 102
        • Slide 103
        • Slide 104
        • Slide 105
        • Slide 106
        • Slide 107
        • Slide 108
        • Slide 109
        • Slide 110
        • Slide 111

          Importance of Spin Coherence Time

          for EDM Searches ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJ)

          BWMorse (BNL) NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst)

          FRathmann (FZJ)

          RWTH IKP FZJ 3 May 2012

          Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

          ParticleAtom

          Current EDM Limit

          Future Goal

          dn equivalent

          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

          frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          There are two storage ring projects being pursued

          Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

          Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

          NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

          Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

          proton 0701 16789 0000

          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

          One machine with r~30 m

          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

          Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

          for one year measurement

          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

          3

          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

          cme1052 29 pd

          Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

          field for RFE-field EDM flipper

          bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

          bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

          bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

          bull Need very long SCT

          bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

          COSY (if free of systematics)

          polarized beam in ring

          A

          AS

          one particle with magnetic moment

          ldquospin tunerdquo

          ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

          s2

          AS

          ring

          makes one turn

          Vertical stable polarization

          Frank Rathmann 16

          αSy

          θ

          Horizonal spin after flipper

          cos HH SSHS

          HS

          Beam

          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

          COn

          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

          Polarization not affected

          Situation very different when you deal with S

          COn

          COn

          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

          Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

          In situ access to systematics

          bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

          bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

          bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

          Simple model

          5 s 25 s 5 s

          referenceoscillation

          decoherencetime

          oscillationcapture

          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

          RF solenoid on off on

          Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

          hellip and money

          Summary 1

          Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

          reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

          Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

          An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

          But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

          Simple model

          5 s 25 s 5 s

          referenceoscillation

          decoherencetime

          oscillationcapture

          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

          RF solenoid on off on

          EDM Cooperation

          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

          International srEDM Network

          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

          DOE-Proposal

          Study Group

          Precursor Ring Design

          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

          spin manipulation

          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

          snakesCOn

          COn

          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

          spin closed orbit

          180o

          Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

          EDM Cooperation

          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

          International srEDM Network

          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

          DOE-Proposal

          Study Group

          Precursor Ring Design

          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

          polarized beam in ring

          A

          AS

          one particle with magnetic moment

          ldquospin tunerdquo

          ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

          s2AS

          ring

          makes one turn

          if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

          sresonances

          stable polarizationS

          if COn

          Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

          EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

          p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

          Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

          Injector cyclotron

          COSY

          hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

          frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Spin Precession

          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

          )()(dt

          dEvBBvEd

          S

          ( rest frame)

          dt

          dBEd

          S

          Systematic errorEDM signal

          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

          Electric dipole moment (EDM)

          A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

          time reversal symmetry (T)

          Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

          frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

          NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

          frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

          proton 0701 16789 0000

          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

          One machine with r ~ 30 m

          An all-in-one machine Protons

          E-field only

          54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

          5 10 15 20 25 30 350

          20

          40

          60

          80

          100

          Proton EDM

          E-field (MVm)

          radi

          us (

          m)

          r1 E( )

          E

          r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

          r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

          An all-in-one machine Deuterons

          E and B fields

          55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

          100 200 300 400 5000

          10

          20

          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

          Deuteron EDM

          kinetic energy (MeV)

          radi

          us (

          m)

          100 200 300 400 50015

          10

          5

          0

          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

          Deuteron EDM

          kinetic energy (MeV)

          radi

          al E

          -fie

          ld (

          MV

          m)

          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

          Technological challenges

          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

          Circumference~ 200 m

          frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

          )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

          COSY Concept for Snake

          bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

          bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

          bull Cryogen-free system

          bull Should be available in 2012

          Bdl (Tm)

          pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

          3329

          PAX at COSY 140 MeV

          1994

          PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

          Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

          13887

          ANKE

          PAXPAX

          ANKE

          An all-in-one machine Helions

          E and B fields

          59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

          100 200 300 400 5000

          10

          20

          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

          Helion EDM

          kinetic energy (MeV)

          radi

          us (

          m)

          100 200 300 400 5000

          10

          20

          30

          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

          Helion EDM

          kinetic energy (MeV)

          radi

          al E

          -fie

          ld (

          MV

          m)

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

          Snake

          Snake only

          Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

          Snake + RF E-field odd turns

          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

          2

          nPnP )2cos()( 0

          Snake + RF E-field even turns

          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

          frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

          frathmannfz-juelichde 63

          Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

          bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

          bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

          bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

          bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

          2 1010 4 10

          10 6 1010

          0

          02

          04

          06

          08

          d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

          n (number of turns)

          P(n

          )P

          (n)

          n (number of turns)

          dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

          2

          nPnP )2cos()( 0

          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

          Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

          PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

          It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

          bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

          bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

          bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

          bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

          Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

          p and d at same momentum

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

          PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

          stored d

          RF E-fieldvertical

          polarization

          spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

          Two situations

          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

          This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

          51011000 ss

          growsPP

          dropsP

          zx

          y

          22

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

          Constant E-field

          Number of turns

          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

          Number of turns

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

          Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

          2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

          Number of turns

          EDM effect accumulates

          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

          PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

          Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

          E

          BBvddt

          sd )(

          Measurement using an all magnetic ring

          bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

          bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

          bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

          bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

          bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

          Top priority to make them available ASAP

          bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

          Summary

          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

          frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Spare transparencies

          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

          Momentum vector

          bull Lower energy particle

          bull hellipjust right

          bull Higher energy particle

          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

          2

          2

          1

          1

          2

          gG

          c

          EGBG

          m

          eG

          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

          relative to the momentum direction is given by

          0 EB

          G

          frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

          11

          01

          12

          G

          G

          G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

          Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

          G

          mp

          G 1

          1

          μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

          Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

          frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          spin manipulation

          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

          snakesCOn

          COn

          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

          spin closed orbit

          180o

          frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Machine acceptance

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

          lost

          cooled

          targetring acceptance

          beam

          In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

          the target dominates beam loss

          K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

          IBeam

          time

          COSY used as accelerator and detector

          PAX

          Need for a high precision BCT

          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

          Status TRI Test at COSY

          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

          Technological challenges

          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

          Circumference~ 200 m

          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

          ParticleAtom

          Current EDM Limit

          Future Goal

          dn equivalent

          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

          Spin Precession

          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

          )()(dt

          dEvBBvEd

          S

          ( rest frame)

          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

          dt

          dBEd

          S

          Systematic errorEDM signal

          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

          proton 0701 16789 0000

          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

          0G

          Edt

          s

          d

          d

          One machine with r ~ 30 m

          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

          COn

          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

          Polarization not affected

          Situation very different when you deal with S

          COn

          COn

          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

          Simple model

          5 s 25 s 5 s

          referenceoscillation

          decoherencetime

          oscillationcapture

          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

          RF solenoid on off on

          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

          stored d

          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

          polarization

          Spin precession governed by Two situations

          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

          growsPP

          dropsP

          zx

          y

          22

          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

          Conclusion from simple model

          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

          dt

          dBEd

          S

          ( rest frame)

          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

          EDM Cooperation

          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

          International srEDM Network

          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

          DOE-Proposal

          Study Group

          Precursor Ring Design

          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

          Copied from K Jungmann

          History of neutron EDM limits

          Adopted from K Kirch

          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

          Momentum vector

          Lower energy particle

          hellipjust right

          Higher energy particle

          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

          2

          2

          1

          1

          2

          gG

          c

          EGBG

          m

          eG

          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

          relative to the momentum direction is given by

          0 EB

          G

          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

          c

          EGBG

          m

          eG

          1

          1

          2

          edmG

          0 EB

          B

          c

          E

          S

          cdedm

          Systematic Effects

          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

          2

          c

          EVsys

          R

          V

          E

          E

          d

          GR

          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

          Radial precession

          Needs to be minimized

          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

          EDM Projects

          RampD Activity Goal Test

          Internal Polarimeter

          spin as a function of time

          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

          EDM at COSY

          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

          Spin Coherence Time

          gt103 s EDM at COSY

          Beam Position Monitor

          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

          BNLRHIC IP

          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

          Juumllich

          Proton EDMBNL

          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

          Beam and Spin Simulations

          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

          Number of turns

          Simulation of Spin Rotations

          Courtesy F Rathmann

          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

          Number of turns

          22zx PPP

          EDM effect accumulates

          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

          17

          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

          Expected half life 5-10 s

          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

          18

          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

          Cooled

          Uncooled

          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

          19

          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

          Cooled

          Uncooled

          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

          t t=Lv

          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

          for one year measurement

          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

          3

          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

          cme1052 29 pd

          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
          • Layout
          • Slide 3
          • Slide 4
          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
          • Slide 7
          • Slide 8
          • Slide 9
          • Slide 10
          • Slide 11
          • Slide 12
          • Slide 13
          • Slide 14
          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
          • polarized beam in ring
          • Slide 17
          • Horizonal spin after flipper
          • Slide 19
          • Spin coherence
          • Slide 21
          • Slide 22
          • Slide 23
          • Slide 24
          • Slide 25
          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
          • In situ access to systematics
          • Slide 28
          • Slide 29
          • Summary 2
          • Slide 31
          • Slide 32
          • Slide 33
          • Slide 34
          • Slide 35
          • Slide 36
          • Slide 37
          • Slide 38
          • Slide 39
          • Slide 40
          • Slide 41
          • Slide 42
          • Slide 43
          • Slide 44
          • Slide 45
          • spin manipulation
          • Slide 47
          • Slide 48
          • Slide 49
          • Spin Precession
          • Slide 51
          • Slide 52
          • Slide 53
          • Slide 54
          • Slide 55
          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
          • Slide 57
          • Slide 58
          • Slide 59
          • Slide 60
          • Slide 61
          • Slide 62
          • Slide 63
          • Slide 64
          • Slide 65
          • Slide 66
          • Slide 67
          • Slide 68
          • Slide 69
          • Slide 70
          • Slide 71
          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
          • Slide 74
          • Machine acceptance
          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
          • Need for a high precision BCT
          • Slide 78
          • Slide 79
          • Slide 80
          • Slide 81
          • Slide 82
          • Slide 83
          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
          • Slide 86
          • Slide 87
          • History of neutron EDM limits
          • Slide 89
          • Slide 90
          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
          • Systematic Effects
          • Slide 93
          • Slide 94
          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
          • Slide 97
          • Slide 98
          • Slide 99
          • Slide 100
          • Slide 101
          • Slide 102
          • Slide 103
          • Slide 104
          • Slide 105
          • Slide 106
          • Slide 107
          • Slide 108
          • Slide 109
          • Slide 110
          • Slide 111

            Upper bounds on the neutron EDM

            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

            ParticleAtom

            Current EDM Limit

            Future Goal

            dn equivalent

            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

            frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            There are two storage ring projects being pursued

            Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

            Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

            NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

            Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

            proton 0701 16789 0000

            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

            One machine with r~30 m

            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

            Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

            for one year measurement

            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

            3

            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

            cme1052 29 pd

            Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

            field for RFE-field EDM flipper

            bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

            bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

            bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

            bull Need very long SCT

            bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

            COSY (if free of systematics)

            polarized beam in ring

            A

            AS

            one particle with magnetic moment

            ldquospin tunerdquo

            ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

            s2

            AS

            ring

            makes one turn

            Vertical stable polarization

            Frank Rathmann 16

            αSy

            θ

            Horizonal spin after flipper

            cos HH SSHS

            HS

            Beam

            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

            COn

            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

            Polarization not affected

            Situation very different when you deal with S

            COn

            COn

            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

            Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

            In situ access to systematics

            bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

            bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

            bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

            Simple model

            5 s 25 s 5 s

            referenceoscillation

            decoherencetime

            oscillationcapture

            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

            RF solenoid on off on

            Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

            hellip and money

            Summary 1

            Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

            reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

            Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

            An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

            But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

            Simple model

            5 s 25 s 5 s

            referenceoscillation

            decoherencetime

            oscillationcapture

            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

            RF solenoid on off on

            EDM Cooperation

            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

            International srEDM Network

            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

            DOE-Proposal

            Study Group

            Precursor Ring Design

            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

            spin manipulation

            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

            snakesCOn

            COn

            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

            spin closed orbit

            180o

            Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

            EDM Cooperation

            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

            International srEDM Network

            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

            DOE-Proposal

            Study Group

            Precursor Ring Design

            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

            polarized beam in ring

            A

            AS

            one particle with magnetic moment

            ldquospin tunerdquo

            ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

            s2AS

            ring

            makes one turn

            if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

            sresonances

            stable polarizationS

            if COn

            Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

            EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

            p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

            Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

            Injector cyclotron

            COSY

            hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

            frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Spin Precession

            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

            )()(dt

            dEvBBvEd

            S

            ( rest frame)

            dt

            dBEd

            S

            Systematic errorEDM signal

            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

            Electric dipole moment (EDM)

            A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

            time reversal symmetry (T)

            Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

            frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

            NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

            frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

            proton 0701 16789 0000

            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

            One machine with r ~ 30 m

            An all-in-one machine Protons

            E-field only

            54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

            5 10 15 20 25 30 350

            20

            40

            60

            80

            100

            Proton EDM

            E-field (MVm)

            radi

            us (

            m)

            r1 E( )

            E

            r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

            r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

            An all-in-one machine Deuterons

            E and B fields

            55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

            100 200 300 400 5000

            10

            20

            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

            Deuteron EDM

            kinetic energy (MeV)

            radi

            us (

            m)

            100 200 300 400 50015

            10

            5

            0

            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

            Deuteron EDM

            kinetic energy (MeV)

            radi

            al E

            -fie

            ld (

            MV

            m)

            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

            Technological challenges

            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

            Circumference~ 200 m

            frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

            )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

            COSY Concept for Snake

            bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

            bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

            bull Cryogen-free system

            bull Should be available in 2012

            Bdl (Tm)

            pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

            3329

            PAX at COSY 140 MeV

            1994

            PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

            Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

            13887

            ANKE

            PAXPAX

            ANKE

            An all-in-one machine Helions

            E and B fields

            59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

            100 200 300 400 5000

            10

            20

            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

            Helion EDM

            kinetic energy (MeV)

            radi

            us (

            m)

            100 200 300 400 5000

            10

            20

            30

            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

            Helion EDM

            kinetic energy (MeV)

            radi

            al E

            -fie

            ld (

            MV

            m)

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

            Snake

            Snake only

            Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

            Snake + RF E-field odd turns

            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

            2

            nPnP )2cos()( 0

            Snake + RF E-field even turns

            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

            frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

            frathmannfz-juelichde 63

            Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

            bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

            bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

            bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

            bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

            2 1010 4 10

            10 6 1010

            0

            02

            04

            06

            08

            d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

            n (number of turns)

            P(n

            )P

            (n)

            n (number of turns)

            dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

            2

            nPnP )2cos()( 0

            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

            Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

            PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

            It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

            bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

            bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

            bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

            bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

            Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

            p and d at same momentum

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

            PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

            stored d

            RF E-fieldvertical

            polarization

            spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

            Two situations

            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

            This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

            51011000 ss

            growsPP

            dropsP

            zx

            y

            22

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

            Constant E-field

            Number of turns

            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

            Number of turns

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

            Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

            2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

            Number of turns

            EDM effect accumulates

            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

            PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

            Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

            E

            BBvddt

            sd )(

            Measurement using an all magnetic ring

            bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

            bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

            bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

            bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

            bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

            Top priority to make them available ASAP

            bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

            Summary

            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

            frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Spare transparencies

            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

            Momentum vector

            bull Lower energy particle

            bull hellipjust right

            bull Higher energy particle

            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

            2

            2

            1

            1

            2

            gG

            c

            EGBG

            m

            eG

            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

            relative to the momentum direction is given by

            0 EB

            G

            frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

            11

            01

            12

            G

            G

            G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

            Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

            G

            mp

            G 1

            1

            μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

            Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

            frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            spin manipulation

            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

            snakesCOn

            COn

            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

            spin closed orbit

            180o

            frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Machine acceptance

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

            lost

            cooled

            targetring acceptance

            beam

            In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

            the target dominates beam loss

            K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

            Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

            COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

            Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

            Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

            IBeam

            time

            COSY used as accelerator and detector

            PAX

            Need for a high precision BCT

            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

            Status TRI Test at COSY

            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

            Technological challenges

            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

            Circumference~ 200 m

            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

            ParticleAtom

            Current EDM Limit

            Future Goal

            dn equivalent

            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

            Spin Precession

            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

            )()(dt

            dEvBBvEd

            S

            ( rest frame)

            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

            dt

            dBEd

            S

            Systematic errorEDM signal

            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

            proton 0701 16789 0000

            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

            0G

            Edt

            s

            d

            d

            One machine with r ~ 30 m

            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

            COn

            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

            Polarization not affected

            Situation very different when you deal with S

            COn

            COn

            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

            Simple model

            5 s 25 s 5 s

            referenceoscillation

            decoherencetime

            oscillationcapture

            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

            RF solenoid on off on

            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

            stored d

            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

            polarization

            Spin precession governed by Two situations

            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

            growsPP

            dropsP

            zx

            y

            22

            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

            Conclusion from simple model

            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

            dt

            dBEd

            S

            ( rest frame)

            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

            EDM Cooperation

            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

            International srEDM Network

            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

            DOE-Proposal

            Study Group

            Precursor Ring Design

            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

            Copied from K Jungmann

            History of neutron EDM limits

            Adopted from K Kirch

            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

            Momentum vector

            Lower energy particle

            hellipjust right

            Higher energy particle

            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

            2

            2

            1

            1

            2

            gG

            c

            EGBG

            m

            eG

            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

            relative to the momentum direction is given by

            0 EB

            G

            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

            c

            EGBG

            m

            eG

            1

            1

            2

            edmG

            0 EB

            B

            c

            E

            S

            cdedm

            Systematic Effects

            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

            2

            c

            EVsys

            R

            V

            E

            E

            d

            GR

            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

            Radial precession

            Needs to be minimized

            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

            EDM Projects

            RampD Activity Goal Test

            Internal Polarimeter

            spin as a function of time

            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

            EDM at COSY

            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

            Spin Coherence Time

            gt103 s EDM at COSY

            Beam Position Monitor

            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

            BNLRHIC IP

            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

            Juumllich

            Proton EDMBNL

            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

            Beam and Spin Simulations

            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

            Number of turns

            Simulation of Spin Rotations

            Courtesy F Rathmann

            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

            Number of turns

            22zx PPP

            EDM effect accumulates

            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

            17

            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

            Expected half life 5-10 s

            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

            18

            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

            Cooled

            Uncooled

            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

            19

            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

            Cooled

            Uncooled

            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

            t t=Lv

            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

            for one year measurement

            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

            3

            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

            cme1052 29 pd

            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
            • Layout
            • Slide 3
            • Slide 4
            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
            • Slide 7
            • Slide 8
            • Slide 9
            • Slide 10
            • Slide 11
            • Slide 12
            • Slide 13
            • Slide 14
            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
            • polarized beam in ring
            • Slide 17
            • Horizonal spin after flipper
            • Slide 19
            • Spin coherence
            • Slide 21
            • Slide 22
            • Slide 23
            • Slide 24
            • Slide 25
            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
            • In situ access to systematics
            • Slide 28
            • Slide 29
            • Summary 2
            • Slide 31
            • Slide 32
            • Slide 33
            • Slide 34
            • Slide 35
            • Slide 36
            • Slide 37
            • Slide 38
            • Slide 39
            • Slide 40
            • Slide 41
            • Slide 42
            • Slide 43
            • Slide 44
            • Slide 45
            • spin manipulation
            • Slide 47
            • Slide 48
            • Slide 49
            • Spin Precession
            • Slide 51
            • Slide 52
            • Slide 53
            • Slide 54
            • Slide 55
            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
            • Slide 57
            • Slide 58
            • Slide 59
            • Slide 60
            • Slide 61
            • Slide 62
            • Slide 63
            • Slide 64
            • Slide 65
            • Slide 66
            • Slide 67
            • Slide 68
            • Slide 69
            • Slide 70
            • Slide 71
            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
            • Slide 74
            • Machine acceptance
            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
            • Need for a high precision BCT
            • Slide 78
            • Slide 79
            • Slide 80
            • Slide 81
            • Slide 82
            • Slide 83
            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
            • Slide 86
            • Slide 87
            • History of neutron EDM limits
            • Slide 89
            • Slide 90
            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
            • Systematic Effects
            • Slide 93
            • Slide 94
            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
            • Slide 97
            • Slide 98
            • Slide 99
            • Slide 100
            • Slide 101
            • Slide 102
            • Slide 103
            • Slide 104
            • Slide 105
            • Slide 106
            • Slide 107
            • Slide 108
            • Slide 109
            • Slide 110
            • Slide 111

              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

              ParticleAtom

              Current EDM Limit

              Future Goal

              dn equivalent

              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

              frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              There are two storage ring projects being pursued

              Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

              Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

              NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

              Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

              proton 0701 16789 0000

              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

              One machine with r~30 m

              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

              Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

              for one year measurement

              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

              3

              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

              cme1052 29 pd

              Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

              field for RFE-field EDM flipper

              bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

              bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

              bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

              bull Need very long SCT

              bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

              COSY (if free of systematics)

              polarized beam in ring

              A

              AS

              one particle with magnetic moment

              ldquospin tunerdquo

              ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

              s2

              AS

              ring

              makes one turn

              Vertical stable polarization

              Frank Rathmann 16

              αSy

              θ

              Horizonal spin after flipper

              cos HH SSHS

              HS

              Beam

              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

              COn

              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

              Polarization not affected

              Situation very different when you deal with S

              COn

              COn

              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

              Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

              In situ access to systematics

              bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

              bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

              bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

              Simple model

              5 s 25 s 5 s

              referenceoscillation

              decoherencetime

              oscillationcapture

              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

              RF solenoid on off on

              Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

              hellip and money

              Summary 1

              Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

              reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

              Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

              An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

              But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

              Simple model

              5 s 25 s 5 s

              referenceoscillation

              decoherencetime

              oscillationcapture

              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

              RF solenoid on off on

              EDM Cooperation

              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

              International srEDM Network

              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

              DOE-Proposal

              Study Group

              Precursor Ring Design

              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

              spin manipulation

              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

              snakesCOn

              COn

              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

              spin closed orbit

              180o

              Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

              EDM Cooperation

              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

              International srEDM Network

              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

              DOE-Proposal

              Study Group

              Precursor Ring Design

              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

              polarized beam in ring

              A

              AS

              one particle with magnetic moment

              ldquospin tunerdquo

              ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

              s2AS

              ring

              makes one turn

              if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

              sresonances

              stable polarizationS

              if COn

              Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

              EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

              p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

              Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

              Injector cyclotron

              COSY

              hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

              frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Spin Precession

              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

              )()(dt

              dEvBBvEd

              S

              ( rest frame)

              dt

              dBEd

              S

              Systematic errorEDM signal

              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

              Electric dipole moment (EDM)

              A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

              time reversal symmetry (T)

              Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

              frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

              NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

              frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

              proton 0701 16789 0000

              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

              One machine with r ~ 30 m

              An all-in-one machine Protons

              E-field only

              54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

              5 10 15 20 25 30 350

              20

              40

              60

              80

              100

              Proton EDM

              E-field (MVm)

              radi

              us (

              m)

              r1 E( )

              E

              r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

              r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

              An all-in-one machine Deuterons

              E and B fields

              55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

              100 200 300 400 5000

              10

              20

              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

              Deuteron EDM

              kinetic energy (MeV)

              radi

              us (

              m)

              100 200 300 400 50015

              10

              5

              0

              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

              Deuteron EDM

              kinetic energy (MeV)

              radi

              al E

              -fie

              ld (

              MV

              m)

              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

              Technological challenges

              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

              Circumference~ 200 m

              frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

              )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

              COSY Concept for Snake

              bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

              bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

              bull Cryogen-free system

              bull Should be available in 2012

              Bdl (Tm)

              pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

              3329

              PAX at COSY 140 MeV

              1994

              PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

              Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

              13887

              ANKE

              PAXPAX

              ANKE

              An all-in-one machine Helions

              E and B fields

              59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

              100 200 300 400 5000

              10

              20

              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

              Helion EDM

              kinetic energy (MeV)

              radi

              us (

              m)

              100 200 300 400 5000

              10

              20

              30

              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

              Helion EDM

              kinetic energy (MeV)

              radi

              al E

              -fie

              ld (

              MV

              m)

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

              Snake

              Snake only

              Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

              Snake + RF E-field odd turns

              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

              2

              nPnP )2cos()( 0

              Snake + RF E-field even turns

              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

              frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

              frathmannfz-juelichde 63

              Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

              bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

              bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

              bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

              bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

              2 1010 4 10

              10 6 1010

              0

              02

              04

              06

              08

              d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

              n (number of turns)

              P(n

              )P

              (n)

              n (number of turns)

              dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

              2

              nPnP )2cos()( 0

              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

              Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

              PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

              It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

              bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

              bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

              bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

              bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

              Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

              p and d at same momentum

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

              PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

              stored d

              RF E-fieldvertical

              polarization

              spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

              Two situations

              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

              This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

              51011000 ss

              growsPP

              dropsP

              zx

              y

              22

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

              Constant E-field

              Number of turns

              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

              Number of turns

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

              Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

              2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

              Number of turns

              EDM effect accumulates

              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

              PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

              Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

              E

              BBvddt

              sd )(

              Measurement using an all magnetic ring

              bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

              bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

              bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

              bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

              bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

              Top priority to make them available ASAP

              bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

              Summary

              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

              frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Spare transparencies

              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

              Momentum vector

              bull Lower energy particle

              bull hellipjust right

              bull Higher energy particle

              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

              2

              2

              1

              1

              2

              gG

              c

              EGBG

              m

              eG

              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

              relative to the momentum direction is given by

              0 EB

              G

              frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

              11

              01

              12

              G

              G

              G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

              Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

              G

              mp

              G 1

              1

              μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

              Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

              frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              spin manipulation

              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

              snakesCOn

              COn

              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

              spin closed orbit

              180o

              frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Machine acceptance

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

              lost

              cooled

              targetring acceptance

              beam

              In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

              the target dominates beam loss

              K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

              Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

              COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

              Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

              Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

              IBeam

              time

              COSY used as accelerator and detector

              PAX

              Need for a high precision BCT

              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

              Status TRI Test at COSY

              bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

              Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

              Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

              A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

              D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

              Technological challenges

              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

              Circumference~ 200 m

              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

              ParticleAtom

              Current EDM Limit

              Future Goal

              dn equivalent

              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

              Spin Precession

              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

              )()(dt

              dEvBBvEd

              S

              ( rest frame)

              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

              dt

              dBEd

              S

              Systematic errorEDM signal

              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

              proton 0701 16789 0000

              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

              0G

              Edt

              s

              d

              d

              One machine with r ~ 30 m

              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

              COn

              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

              Polarization not affected

              Situation very different when you deal with S

              COn

              COn

              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

              Simple model

              5 s 25 s 5 s

              referenceoscillation

              decoherencetime

              oscillationcapture

              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

              RF solenoid on off on

              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

              stored d

              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

              polarization

              Spin precession governed by Two situations

              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

              growsPP

              dropsP

              zx

              y

              22

              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

              Conclusion from simple model

              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

              dt

              dBEd

              S

              ( rest frame)

              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

              EDM Cooperation

              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

              International srEDM Network

              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

              DOE-Proposal

              Study Group

              Precursor Ring Design

              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

              Copied from K Jungmann

              History of neutron EDM limits

              Adopted from K Kirch

              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

              Momentum vector

              Lower energy particle

              hellipjust right

              Higher energy particle

              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

              2

              2

              1

              1

              2

              gG

              c

              EGBG

              m

              eG

              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

              relative to the momentum direction is given by

              0 EB

              G

              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

              c

              EGBG

              m

              eG

              1

              1

              2

              edmG

              0 EB

              B

              c

              E

              S

              cdedm

              Systematic Effects

              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

              2

              c

              EVsys

              R

              V

              E

              E

              d

              GR

              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

              Radial precession

              Needs to be minimized

              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

              EDM Projects

              RampD Activity Goal Test

              Internal Polarimeter

              spin as a function of time

              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

              EDM at COSY

              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

              Spin Coherence Time

              gt103 s EDM at COSY

              Beam Position Monitor

              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

              BNLRHIC IP

              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

              Juumllich

              Proton EDMBNL

              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

              Beam and Spin Simulations

              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

              Number of turns

              Simulation of Spin Rotations

              Courtesy F Rathmann

              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

              Number of turns

              22zx PPP

              EDM effect accumulates

              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

              17

              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

              Expected half life 5-10 s

              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

              18

              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

              Cooled

              Uncooled

              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

              19

              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

              Cooled

              Uncooled

              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

              t t=Lv

              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

              for one year measurement

              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

              3

              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

              cme1052 29 pd

              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
              • Layout
              • Slide 3
              • Slide 4
              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
              • Slide 7
              • Slide 8
              • Slide 9
              • Slide 10
              • Slide 11
              • Slide 12
              • Slide 13
              • Slide 14
              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
              • polarized beam in ring
              • Slide 17
              • Horizonal spin after flipper
              • Slide 19
              • Spin coherence
              • Slide 21
              • Slide 22
              • Slide 23
              • Slide 24
              • Slide 25
              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
              • In situ access to systematics
              • Slide 28
              • Slide 29
              • Summary 2
              • Slide 31
              • Slide 32
              • Slide 33
              • Slide 34
              • Slide 35
              • Slide 36
              • Slide 37
              • Slide 38
              • Slide 39
              • Slide 40
              • Slide 41
              • Slide 42
              • Slide 43
              • Slide 44
              • Slide 45
              • spin manipulation
              • Slide 47
              • Slide 48
              • Slide 49
              • Spin Precession
              • Slide 51
              • Slide 52
              • Slide 53
              • Slide 54
              • Slide 55
              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
              • Slide 57
              • Slide 58
              • Slide 59
              • Slide 60
              • Slide 61
              • Slide 62
              • Slide 63
              • Slide 64
              • Slide 65
              • Slide 66
              • Slide 67
              • Slide 68
              • Slide 69
              • Slide 70
              • Slide 71
              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
              • Slide 74
              • Machine acceptance
              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
              • Need for a high precision BCT
              • Slide 78
              • Slide 79
              • Slide 80
              • Slide 81
              • Slide 82
              • Slide 83
              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
              • Slide 86
              • Slide 87
              • History of neutron EDM limits
              • Slide 89
              • Slide 90
              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
              • Systematic Effects
              • Slide 93
              • Slide 94
              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
              • Slide 97
              • Slide 98
              • Slide 99
              • Slide 100
              • Slide 101
              • Slide 102
              • Slide 103
              • Slide 104
              • Slide 105
              • Slide 106
              • Slide 107
              • Slide 108
              • Slide 109
              • Slide 110
              • Slide 111

                Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                frathmannfz-juelichde 11Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                There are two storage ring projects being pursued

                Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

                Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

                NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                proton 0701 16789 0000

                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                One machine with r~30 m

                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

                for one year measurement

                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                3

                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                cme1052 29 pd

                Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

                field for RFE-field EDM flipper

                bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

                bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

                bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

                bull Need very long SCT

                bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

                COSY (if free of systematics)

                polarized beam in ring

                A

                AS

                one particle with magnetic moment

                ldquospin tunerdquo

                ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                s2

                AS

                ring

                makes one turn

                Vertical stable polarization

                Frank Rathmann 16

                αSy

                θ

                Horizonal spin after flipper

                cos HH SSHS

                HS

                Beam

                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                COn

                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                Polarization not affected

                Situation very different when you deal with S

                COn

                COn

                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                In situ access to systematics

                bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                Simple model

                5 s 25 s 5 s

                referenceoscillation

                decoherencetime

                oscillationcapture

                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                RF solenoid on off on

                Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                hellip and money

                Summary 1

                Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                Simple model

                5 s 25 s 5 s

                referenceoscillation

                decoherencetime

                oscillationcapture

                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                RF solenoid on off on

                EDM Cooperation

                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                International srEDM Network

                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                DOE-Proposal

                Study Group

                Precursor Ring Design

                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                spin manipulation

                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                snakesCOn

                COn

                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                spin closed orbit

                180o

                Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                EDM Cooperation

                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                International srEDM Network

                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                DOE-Proposal

                Study Group

                Precursor Ring Design

                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                polarized beam in ring

                A

                AS

                one particle with magnetic moment

                ldquospin tunerdquo

                ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                s2AS

                ring

                makes one turn

                if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                sresonances

                stable polarizationS

                if COn

                Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                Injector cyclotron

                COSY

                hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Spin Precession

                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                )()(dt

                dEvBBvEd

                S

                ( rest frame)

                dt

                dBEd

                S

                Systematic errorEDM signal

                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                time reversal symmetry (T)

                Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                proton 0701 16789 0000

                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                An all-in-one machine Protons

                E-field only

                54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                20

                40

                60

                80

                100

                Proton EDM

                E-field (MVm)

                radi

                us (

                m)

                r1 E( )

                E

                r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                E and B fields

                55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                100 200 300 400 5000

                10

                20

                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                Deuteron EDM

                kinetic energy (MeV)

                radi

                us (

                m)

                100 200 300 400 50015

                10

                5

                0

                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                Deuteron EDM

                kinetic energy (MeV)

                radi

                al E

                -fie

                ld (

                MV

                m)

                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                Technological challenges

                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                Circumference~ 200 m

                frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                COSY Concept for Snake

                bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                bull Cryogen-free system

                bull Should be available in 2012

                Bdl (Tm)

                pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                3329

                PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                1994

                PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                13887

                ANKE

                PAXPAX

                ANKE

                An all-in-one machine Helions

                E and B fields

                59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                100 200 300 400 5000

                10

                20

                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                Helion EDM

                kinetic energy (MeV)

                radi

                us (

                m)

                100 200 300 400 5000

                10

                20

                30

                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                Helion EDM

                kinetic energy (MeV)

                radi

                al E

                -fie

                ld (

                MV

                m)

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                Snake

                Snake only

                Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                2

                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                Snake + RF E-field even turns

                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                2 1010 4 10

                10 6 1010

                0

                02

                04

                06

                08

                d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                n (number of turns)

                P(n

                )P

                (n)

                n (number of turns)

                dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                2

                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                p and d at same momentum

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                stored d

                RF E-fieldvertical

                polarization

                spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                Two situations

                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                51011000 ss

                growsPP

                dropsP

                zx

                y

                22

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                Constant E-field

                Number of turns

                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                Number of turns

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                Number of turns

                EDM effect accumulates

                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                E

                BBvddt

                sd )(

                Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                Top priority to make them available ASAP

                bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                Summary

                Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Spare transparencies

                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                Momentum vector

                bull Lower energy particle

                bull hellipjust right

                bull Higher energy particle

                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                2

                2

                1

                1

                2

                gG

                c

                EGBG

                m

                eG

                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                0 EB

                G

                frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                11

                01

                12

                G

                G

                G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                G

                mp

                G 1

                1

                μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                spin manipulation

                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                snakesCOn

                COn

                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                spin closed orbit

                180o

                frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Machine acceptance

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                lost

                cooled

                targetring acceptance

                beam

                In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                the target dominates beam loss

                K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                IBeam

                time

                COSY used as accelerator and detector

                PAX

                Need for a high precision BCT

                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                Status TRI Test at COSY

                bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                Technological challenges

                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                Circumference~ 200 m

                Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                ParticleAtom

                Current EDM Limit

                Future Goal

                dn equivalent

                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                Spin Precession

                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                )()(dt

                dEvBBvEd

                S

                ( rest frame)

                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                dt

                dBEd

                S

                Systematic errorEDM signal

                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                proton 0701 16789 0000

                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                0G

                Edt

                s

                d

                d

                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                COn

                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                Polarization not affected

                Situation very different when you deal with S

                COn

                COn

                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                Simple model

                5 s 25 s 5 s

                referenceoscillation

                decoherencetime

                oscillationcapture

                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                RF solenoid on off on

                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                stored d

                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                polarization

                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                growsPP

                dropsP

                zx

                y

                22

                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                Conclusion from simple model

                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                dt

                dBEd

                S

                ( rest frame)

                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                EDM Cooperation

                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                International srEDM Network

                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                DOE-Proposal

                Study Group

                Precursor Ring Design

                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                Copied from K Jungmann

                History of neutron EDM limits

                Adopted from K Kirch

                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                Momentum vector

                Lower energy particle

                hellipjust right

                Higher energy particle

                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                2

                2

                1

                1

                2

                gG

                c

                EGBG

                m

                eG

                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                0 EB

                G

                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                c

                EGBG

                m

                eG

                1

                1

                2

                edmG

                0 EB

                B

                c

                E

                S

                cdedm

                Systematic Effects

                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                2

                c

                EVsys

                R

                V

                E

                E

                d

                GR

                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                Radial precession

                Needs to be minimized

                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                EDM Projects

                RampD Activity Goal Test

                Internal Polarimeter

                spin as a function of time

                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                EDM at COSY

                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                Spin Coherence Time

                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                Beam Position Monitor

                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                BNLRHIC IP

                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                Juumllich

                Proton EDMBNL

                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                Beam and Spin Simulations

                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                Number of turns

                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                Courtesy F Rathmann

                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                Number of turns

                22zx PPP

                EDM effect accumulates

                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                17

                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                Expected half life 5-10 s

                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                18

                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                Cooled

                Uncooled

                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                19

                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                Cooled

                Uncooled

                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                t t=Lv

                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                for one year measurement

                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                3

                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                cme1052 29 pd

                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                • Layout
                • Slide 3
                • Slide 4
                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                • Slide 7
                • Slide 8
                • Slide 9
                • Slide 10
                • Slide 11
                • Slide 12
                • Slide 13
                • Slide 14
                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                • polarized beam in ring
                • Slide 17
                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                • Slide 19
                • Spin coherence
                • Slide 21
                • Slide 22
                • Slide 23
                • Slide 24
                • Slide 25
                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                • In situ access to systematics
                • Slide 28
                • Slide 29
                • Summary 2
                • Slide 31
                • Slide 32
                • Slide 33
                • Slide 34
                • Slide 35
                • Slide 36
                • Slide 37
                • Slide 38
                • Slide 39
                • Slide 40
                • Slide 41
                • Slide 42
                • Slide 43
                • Slide 44
                • Slide 45
                • spin manipulation
                • Slide 47
                • Slide 48
                • Slide 49
                • Spin Precession
                • Slide 51
                • Slide 52
                • Slide 53
                • Slide 54
                • Slide 55
                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                • Slide 57
                • Slide 58
                • Slide 59
                • Slide 60
                • Slide 61
                • Slide 62
                • Slide 63
                • Slide 64
                • Slide 65
                • Slide 66
                • Slide 67
                • Slide 68
                • Slide 69
                • Slide 70
                • Slide 71
                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                • Slide 74
                • Machine acceptance
                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                • Need for a high precision BCT
                • Slide 78
                • Slide 79
                • Slide 80
                • Slide 81
                • Slide 82
                • Slide 83
                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                • Slide 86
                • Slide 87
                • History of neutron EDM limits
                • Slide 89
                • Slide 90
                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                • Systematic Effects
                • Slide 93
                • Slide 94
                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                • Slide 97
                • Slide 98
                • Slide 99
                • Slide 100
                • Slide 101
                • Slide 102
                • Slide 103
                • Slide 104
                • Slide 105
                • Slide 106
                • Slide 107
                • Slide 108
                • Slide 109
                • Slide 110
                • Slide 111

                  There are two storage ring projects being pursued

                  Strong need for a convincing precursor pEDM amp dEDM experiment at COSY

                  Copied from R TalmanCopied from A Lehrach

                  NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                  Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                  One machine with r~30 m

                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                  Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

                  for one year measurement

                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                  3

                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                  cme1052 29 pd

                  Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

                  field for RFE-field EDM flipper

                  bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

                  bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

                  bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

                  bull Need very long SCT

                  bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

                  COSY (if free of systematics)

                  polarized beam in ring

                  A

                  AS

                  one particle with magnetic moment

                  ldquospin tunerdquo

                  ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                  s2

                  AS

                  ring

                  makes one turn

                  Vertical stable polarization

                  Frank Rathmann 16

                  αSy

                  θ

                  Horizonal spin after flipper

                  cos HH SSHS

                  HS

                  Beam

                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                  COn

                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                  Polarization not affected

                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                  COn

                  COn

                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                  Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                  In situ access to systematics

                  bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                  bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                  bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                  Simple model

                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                  referenceoscillation

                  decoherencetime

                  oscillationcapture

                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                  RF solenoid on off on

                  Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                  hellip and money

                  Summary 1

                  Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                  reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                  Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                  An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                  But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                  Simple model

                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                  referenceoscillation

                  decoherencetime

                  oscillationcapture

                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                  RF solenoid on off on

                  EDM Cooperation

                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                  International srEDM Network

                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                  DOE-Proposal

                  Study Group

                  Precursor Ring Design

                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                  spin manipulation

                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                  snakesCOn

                  COn

                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                  spin closed orbit

                  180o

                  Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                  EDM Cooperation

                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                  International srEDM Network

                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                  DOE-Proposal

                  Study Group

                  Precursor Ring Design

                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                  polarized beam in ring

                  A

                  AS

                  one particle with magnetic moment

                  ldquospin tunerdquo

                  ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                  s2AS

                  ring

                  makes one turn

                  if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                  sresonances

                  stable polarizationS

                  if COn

                  Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                  EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                  p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                  Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                  Injector cyclotron

                  COSY

                  hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Spin Precession

                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                  )()(dt

                  dEvBBvEd

                  S

                  ( rest frame)

                  dt

                  dBEd

                  S

                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                  Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                  A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                  time reversal symmetry (T)

                  Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                  NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                  An all-in-one machine Protons

                  E-field only

                  54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                  5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                  20

                  40

                  60

                  80

                  100

                  Proton EDM

                  E-field (MVm)

                  radi

                  us (

                  m)

                  r1 E( )

                  E

                  r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                  r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                  An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                  E and B fields

                  55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                  100 200 300 400 5000

                  10

                  20

                  B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                  Deuteron EDM

                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                  radi

                  us (

                  m)

                  100 200 300 400 50015

                  10

                  5

                  0

                  B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                  Deuteron EDM

                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                  radi

                  al E

                  -fie

                  ld (

                  MV

                  m)

                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                  Technological challenges

                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                  Circumference~ 200 m

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                  )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                  COSY Concept for Snake

                  bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                  bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                  bull Cryogen-free system

                  bull Should be available in 2012

                  Bdl (Tm)

                  pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                  3329

                  PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                  1994

                  PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                  Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                  13887

                  ANKE

                  PAXPAX

                  ANKE

                  An all-in-one machine Helions

                  E and B fields

                  59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                  100 200 300 400 5000

                  10

                  20

                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                  Helion EDM

                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                  radi

                  us (

                  m)

                  100 200 300 400 5000

                  10

                  20

                  30

                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                  Helion EDM

                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                  radi

                  al E

                  -fie

                  ld (

                  MV

                  m)

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                  Snake

                  Snake only

                  Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                  Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                  2

                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                  Snake + RF E-field even turns

                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                  Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                  bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                  bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                  bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                  bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                  2 1010 4 10

                  10 6 1010

                  0

                  02

                  04

                  06

                  08

                  d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                  n (number of turns)

                  P(n

                  )P

                  (n)

                  n (number of turns)

                  dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                  2

                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                  Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                  PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                  It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                  bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                  bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                  bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                  bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                  Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                  p and d at same momentum

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                  PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                  stored d

                  RF E-fieldvertical

                  polarization

                  spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                  Two situations

                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                  This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                  51011000 ss

                  growsPP

                  dropsP

                  zx

                  y

                  22

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                  Constant E-field

                  Number of turns

                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                  Number of turns

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                  Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                  2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                  Number of turns

                  EDM effect accumulates

                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                  PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                  Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                  E

                  BBvddt

                  sd )(

                  Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                  bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                  bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                  bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                  bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                  bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                  Top priority to make them available ASAP

                  bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                  Summary

                  Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                  ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                  ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Spare transparencies

                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                  Momentum vector

                  bull Lower energy particle

                  bull hellipjust right

                  bull Higher energy particle

                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                  2

                  2

                  1

                  1

                  2

                  gG

                  c

                  EGBG

                  m

                  eG

                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                  0 EB

                  G

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                  11

                  01

                  12

                  G

                  G

                  G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                  Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                  G

                  mp

                  G 1

                  1

                  μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                  Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  spin manipulation

                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                  snakesCOn

                  COn

                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                  spin closed orbit

                  180o

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Machine acceptance

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                  lost

                  cooled

                  targetring acceptance

                  beam

                  In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                  the target dominates beam loss

                  K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                  Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                  COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                  Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                  Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                  IBeam

                  time

                  COSY used as accelerator and detector

                  PAX

                  Need for a high precision BCT

                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                  Status TRI Test at COSY

                  bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                  Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                  Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                  A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                  D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                  Technological challenges

                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                  Circumference~ 200 m

                  Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                  Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                  Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                  ParticleAtom

                  Current EDM Limit

                  Future Goal

                  dn equivalent

                  Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                  199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                  129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                  Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                  Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                  Spin Precession

                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                  )()(dt

                  dEvBBvEd

                  S

                  ( rest frame)

                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                  dt

                  dBEd

                  S

                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                  0G

                  Edt

                  s

                  d

                  d

                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                  COn

                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                  Polarization not affected

                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                  COn

                  COn

                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                  Simple model

                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                  referenceoscillation

                  decoherencetime

                  oscillationcapture

                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                  RF solenoid on off on

                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                  stored d

                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                  polarization

                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                  growsPP

                  dropsP

                  zx

                  y

                  22

                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                  Conclusion from simple model

                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                  dt

                  dBEd

                  S

                  ( rest frame)

                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                  EDM Cooperation

                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                  International srEDM Network

                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                  DOE-Proposal

                  Study Group

                  Precursor Ring Design

                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                  Copied from K Jungmann

                  History of neutron EDM limits

                  Adopted from K Kirch

                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                  Momentum vector

                  Lower energy particle

                  hellipjust right

                  Higher energy particle

                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                  2

                  2

                  1

                  1

                  2

                  gG

                  c

                  EGBG

                  m

                  eG

                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                  0 EB

                  G

                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                  c

                  EGBG

                  m

                  eG

                  1

                  1

                  2

                  edmG

                  0 EB

                  B

                  c

                  E

                  S

                  cdedm

                  Systematic Effects

                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                  2

                  c

                  EVsys

                  R

                  V

                  E

                  E

                  d

                  GR

                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                  Radial precession

                  Needs to be minimized

                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                  EDM Projects

                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                  Internal Polarimeter

                  spin as a function of time

                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                  EDM at COSY

                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                  Spin Coherence Time

                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                  Beam Position Monitor

                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                  BNLRHIC IP

                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                  Juumllich

                  Proton EDMBNL

                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                  Number of turns

                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                  Number of turns

                  22zx PPP

                  EDM effect accumulates

                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                  17

                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                  18

                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                  Cooled

                  Uncooled

                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                  19

                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                  Cooled

                  Uncooled

                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                  t t=Lv

                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                  for one year measurement

                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                  3

                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                  cme1052 29 pd

                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                  • Layout
                  • Slide 3
                  • Slide 4
                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                  • Slide 7
                  • Slide 8
                  • Slide 9
                  • Slide 10
                  • Slide 11
                  • Slide 12
                  • Slide 13
                  • Slide 14
                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                  • polarized beam in ring
                  • Slide 17
                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                  • Slide 19
                  • Spin coherence
                  • Slide 21
                  • Slide 22
                  • Slide 23
                  • Slide 24
                  • Slide 25
                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                  • In situ access to systematics
                  • Slide 28
                  • Slide 29
                  • Summary 2
                  • Slide 31
                  • Slide 32
                  • Slide 33
                  • Slide 34
                  • Slide 35
                  • Slide 36
                  • Slide 37
                  • Slide 38
                  • Slide 39
                  • Slide 40
                  • Slide 41
                  • Slide 42
                  • Slide 43
                  • Slide 44
                  • Slide 45
                  • spin manipulation
                  • Slide 47
                  • Slide 48
                  • Slide 49
                  • Spin Precession
                  • Slide 51
                  • Slide 52
                  • Slide 53
                  • Slide 54
                  • Slide 55
                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                  • Slide 57
                  • Slide 58
                  • Slide 59
                  • Slide 60
                  • Slide 61
                  • Slide 62
                  • Slide 63
                  • Slide 64
                  • Slide 65
                  • Slide 66
                  • Slide 67
                  • Slide 68
                  • Slide 69
                  • Slide 70
                  • Slide 71
                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                  • Slide 74
                  • Machine acceptance
                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                  • Slide 78
                  • Slide 79
                  • Slide 80
                  • Slide 81
                  • Slide 82
                  • Slide 83
                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                  • Slide 86
                  • Slide 87
                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                  • Slide 89
                  • Slide 90
                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                  • Systematic Effects
                  • Slide 93
                  • Slide 94
                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                  • Slide 97
                  • Slide 98
                  • Slide 99
                  • Slide 100
                  • Slide 101
                  • Slide 102
                  • Slide 103
                  • Slide 104
                  • Slide 105
                  • Slide 106
                  • Slide 107
                  • Slide 108
                  • Slide 109
                  • Slide 110
                  • Slide 111

                    NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                    Frank Rathmann 1319th International Spin Physics Symposium

                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                    One machine with r~30 m

                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                    Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

                    for one year measurement

                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                    3

                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                    cme1052 29 pd

                    Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

                    field for RFE-field EDM flipper

                    bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

                    bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

                    bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

                    bull Need very long SCT

                    bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

                    COSY (if free of systematics)

                    polarized beam in ring

                    A

                    AS

                    one particle with magnetic moment

                    ldquospin tunerdquo

                    ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                    s2

                    AS

                    ring

                    makes one turn

                    Vertical stable polarization

                    Frank Rathmann 16

                    αSy

                    θ

                    Horizonal spin after flipper

                    cos HH SSHS

                    HS

                    Beam

                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                    COn

                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                    Polarization not affected

                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                    COn

                    COn

                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                    Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                    In situ access to systematics

                    bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                    bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                    bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                    Simple model

                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                    referenceoscillation

                    decoherencetime

                    oscillationcapture

                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                    RF solenoid on off on

                    Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                    hellip and money

                    Summary 1

                    Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                    reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                    Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                    An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                    But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                    Simple model

                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                    referenceoscillation

                    decoherencetime

                    oscillationcapture

                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                    RF solenoid on off on

                    EDM Cooperation

                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                    International srEDM Network

                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                    DOE-Proposal

                    Study Group

                    Precursor Ring Design

                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                    spin manipulation

                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                    snakesCOn

                    COn

                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                    spin closed orbit

                    180o

                    Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                    EDM Cooperation

                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                    International srEDM Network

                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                    DOE-Proposal

                    Study Group

                    Precursor Ring Design

                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                    polarized beam in ring

                    A

                    AS

                    one particle with magnetic moment

                    ldquospin tunerdquo

                    ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                    s2AS

                    ring

                    makes one turn

                    if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                    sresonances

                    stable polarizationS

                    if COn

                    Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                    EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                    p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                    Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                    Injector cyclotron

                    COSY

                    hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Spin Precession

                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                    )()(dt

                    dEvBBvEd

                    S

                    ( rest frame)

                    dt

                    dBEd

                    S

                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                    Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                    A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                    time reversal symmetry (T)

                    Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                    NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                    An all-in-one machine Protons

                    E-field only

                    54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                    5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                    20

                    40

                    60

                    80

                    100

                    Proton EDM

                    E-field (MVm)

                    radi

                    us (

                    m)

                    r1 E( )

                    E

                    r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                    r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                    An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                    E and B fields

                    55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                    100 200 300 400 5000

                    10

                    20

                    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                    Deuteron EDM

                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                    radi

                    us (

                    m)

                    100 200 300 400 50015

                    10

                    5

                    0

                    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                    Deuteron EDM

                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                    radi

                    al E

                    -fie

                    ld (

                    MV

                    m)

                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                    Technological challenges

                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                    Circumference~ 200 m

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                    )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                    COSY Concept for Snake

                    bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                    bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                    bull Cryogen-free system

                    bull Should be available in 2012

                    Bdl (Tm)

                    pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                    3329

                    PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                    1994

                    PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                    Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                    13887

                    ANKE

                    PAXPAX

                    ANKE

                    An all-in-one machine Helions

                    E and B fields

                    59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                    100 200 300 400 5000

                    10

                    20

                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                    Helion EDM

                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                    radi

                    us (

                    m)

                    100 200 300 400 5000

                    10

                    20

                    30

                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                    Helion EDM

                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                    radi

                    al E

                    -fie

                    ld (

                    MV

                    m)

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                    Snake

                    Snake only

                    Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                    Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                    2

                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                    Snake + RF E-field even turns

                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                    Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                    bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                    bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                    bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                    bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                    2 1010 4 10

                    10 6 1010

                    0

                    02

                    04

                    06

                    08

                    d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                    n (number of turns)

                    P(n

                    )P

                    (n)

                    n (number of turns)

                    dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                    2

                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                    Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                    PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                    It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                    bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                    bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                    bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                    bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                    Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                    p and d at same momentum

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                    PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                    stored d

                    RF E-fieldvertical

                    polarization

                    spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                    Two situations

                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                    This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                    51011000 ss

                    growsPP

                    dropsP

                    zx

                    y

                    22

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                    Constant E-field

                    Number of turns

                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                    Number of turns

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                    Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                    2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                    Number of turns

                    EDM effect accumulates

                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                    PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                    Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                    E

                    BBvddt

                    sd )(

                    Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                    bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                    bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                    bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                    bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                    bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                    Top priority to make them available ASAP

                    bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                    Summary

                    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Spare transparencies

                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                    Momentum vector

                    bull Lower energy particle

                    bull hellipjust right

                    bull Higher energy particle

                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                    2

                    2

                    1

                    1

                    2

                    gG

                    c

                    EGBG

                    m

                    eG

                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                    0 EB

                    G

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                    11

                    01

                    12

                    G

                    G

                    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                    G

                    mp

                    G 1

                    1

                    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    spin manipulation

                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                    snakesCOn

                    COn

                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                    spin closed orbit

                    180o

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Machine acceptance

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                    lost

                    cooled

                    targetring acceptance

                    beam

                    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                    the target dominates beam loss

                    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                    IBeam

                    time

                    COSY used as accelerator and detector

                    PAX

                    Need for a high precision BCT

                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                    Status TRI Test at COSY

                    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                    Technological challenges

                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                    Circumference~ 200 m

                    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                    ParticleAtom

                    Current EDM Limit

                    Future Goal

                    dn equivalent

                    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                    Spin Precession

                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                    )()(dt

                    dEvBBvEd

                    S

                    ( rest frame)

                    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                    dt

                    dBEd

                    S

                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                    0G

                    Edt

                    s

                    d

                    d

                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                    COn

                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                    Polarization not affected

                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                    COn

                    COn

                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                    Simple model

                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                    referenceoscillation

                    decoherencetime

                    oscillationcapture

                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                    RF solenoid on off on

                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                    stored d

                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                    polarization

                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                    growsPP

                    dropsP

                    zx

                    y

                    22

                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                    Conclusion from simple model

                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                    dt

                    dBEd

                    S

                    ( rest frame)

                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                    EDM Cooperation

                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                    International srEDM Network

                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                    DOE-Proposal

                    Study Group

                    Precursor Ring Design

                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                    Copied from K Jungmann

                    History of neutron EDM limits

                    Adopted from K Kirch

                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                    Momentum vector

                    Lower energy particle

                    hellipjust right

                    Higher energy particle

                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                    2

                    2

                    1

                    1

                    2

                    gG

                    c

                    EGBG

                    m

                    eG

                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                    0 EB

                    G

                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                    c

                    EGBG

                    m

                    eG

                    1

                    1

                    2

                    edmG

                    0 EB

                    B

                    c

                    E

                    S

                    cdedm

                    Systematic Effects

                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                    2

                    c

                    EVsys

                    R

                    V

                    E

                    E

                    d

                    GR

                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                    Radial precession

                    Needs to be minimized

                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                    EDM Projects

                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                    Internal Polarimeter

                    spin as a function of time

                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                    EDM at COSY

                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                    Spin Coherence Time

                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                    Beam Position Monitor

                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                    BNLRHIC IP

                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                    Juumllich

                    Proton EDMBNL

                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                    Number of turns

                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                    Number of turns

                    22zx PPP

                    EDM effect accumulates

                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                    17

                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                    18

                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                    Cooled

                    Uncooled

                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                    19

                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                    Cooled

                    Uncooled

                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                    t t=Lv

                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                    for one year measurement

                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                    3

                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                    cme1052 29 pd

                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                    • Layout
                    • Slide 3
                    • Slide 4
                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                    • Slide 7
                    • Slide 8
                    • Slide 9
                    • Slide 10
                    • Slide 11
                    • Slide 12
                    • Slide 13
                    • Slide 14
                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                    • polarized beam in ring
                    • Slide 17
                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                    • Slide 19
                    • Spin coherence
                    • Slide 21
                    • Slide 22
                    • Slide 23
                    • Slide 24
                    • Slide 25
                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                    • In situ access to systematics
                    • Slide 28
                    • Slide 29
                    • Summary 2
                    • Slide 31
                    • Slide 32
                    • Slide 33
                    • Slide 34
                    • Slide 35
                    • Slide 36
                    • Slide 37
                    • Slide 38
                    • Slide 39
                    • Slide 40
                    • Slide 41
                    • Slide 42
                    • Slide 43
                    • Slide 44
                    • Slide 45
                    • spin manipulation
                    • Slide 47
                    • Slide 48
                    • Slide 49
                    • Spin Precession
                    • Slide 51
                    • Slide 52
                    • Slide 53
                    • Slide 54
                    • Slide 55
                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                    • Slide 57
                    • Slide 58
                    • Slide 59
                    • Slide 60
                    • Slide 61
                    • Slide 62
                    • Slide 63
                    • Slide 64
                    • Slide 65
                    • Slide 66
                    • Slide 67
                    • Slide 68
                    • Slide 69
                    • Slide 70
                    • Slide 71
                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                    • Slide 74
                    • Machine acceptance
                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                    • Slide 78
                    • Slide 79
                    • Slide 80
                    • Slide 81
                    • Slide 82
                    • Slide 83
                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                    • Slide 86
                    • Slide 87
                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                    • Slide 89
                    • Slide 90
                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                    • Systematic Effects
                    • Slide 93
                    • Slide 94
                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                    • Slide 97
                    • Slide 98
                    • Slide 99
                    • Slide 100
                    • Slide 101
                    • Slide 102
                    • Slide 103
                    • Slide 104
                    • Slide 105
                    • Slide 106
                    • Slide 107
                    • Slide 108
                    • Slide 109
                    • Slide 110
                    • Slide 111

                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                      Sensitivity of a Dream EDM Experiment

                      for one year measurement

                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                      3

                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                      cme1052 29 pd

                      Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

                      field for RFE-field EDM flipper

                      bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

                      bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

                      bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

                      bull Need very long SCT

                      bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

                      COSY (if free of systematics)

                      polarized beam in ring

                      A

                      AS

                      one particle with magnetic moment

                      ldquospin tunerdquo

                      ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                      s2

                      AS

                      ring

                      makes one turn

                      Vertical stable polarization

                      Frank Rathmann 16

                      αSy

                      θ

                      Horizonal spin after flipper

                      cos HH SSHS

                      HS

                      Beam

                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                      COn

                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                      Polarization not affected

                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                      COn

                      COn

                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                      Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                      In situ access to systematics

                      bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                      bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                      bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                      Simple model

                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                      referenceoscillation

                      decoherencetime

                      oscillationcapture

                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                      RF solenoid on off on

                      Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                      hellip and money

                      Summary 1

                      Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                      reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                      Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                      An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                      But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                      Simple model

                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                      referenceoscillation

                      decoherencetime

                      oscillationcapture

                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                      RF solenoid on off on

                      EDM Cooperation

                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                      International srEDM Network

                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                      DOE-Proposal

                      Study Group

                      Precursor Ring Design

                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                      spin manipulation

                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                      snakesCOn

                      COn

                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                      spin closed orbit

                      180o

                      Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                      EDM Cooperation

                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                      International srEDM Network

                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                      DOE-Proposal

                      Study Group

                      Precursor Ring Design

                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                      polarized beam in ring

                      A

                      AS

                      one particle with magnetic moment

                      ldquospin tunerdquo

                      ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                      s2AS

                      ring

                      makes one turn

                      if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                      sresonances

                      stable polarizationS

                      if COn

                      Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                      EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                      p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                      Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                      Injector cyclotron

                      COSY

                      hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Spin Precession

                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                      )()(dt

                      dEvBBvEd

                      S

                      ( rest frame)

                      dt

                      dBEd

                      S

                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                      Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                      A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                      time reversal symmetry (T)

                      Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                      NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                      An all-in-one machine Protons

                      E-field only

                      54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                      5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                      20

                      40

                      60

                      80

                      100

                      Proton EDM

                      E-field (MVm)

                      radi

                      us (

                      m)

                      r1 E( )

                      E

                      r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                      r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                      An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                      E and B fields

                      55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                      100 200 300 400 5000

                      10

                      20

                      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                      Deuteron EDM

                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                      radi

                      us (

                      m)

                      100 200 300 400 50015

                      10

                      5

                      0

                      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                      Deuteron EDM

                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                      radi

                      al E

                      -fie

                      ld (

                      MV

                      m)

                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                      Technological challenges

                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                      Circumference~ 200 m

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                      )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                      COSY Concept for Snake

                      bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                      bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                      bull Cryogen-free system

                      bull Should be available in 2012

                      Bdl (Tm)

                      pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                      3329

                      PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                      1994

                      PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                      Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                      13887

                      ANKE

                      PAXPAX

                      ANKE

                      An all-in-one machine Helions

                      E and B fields

                      59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                      100 200 300 400 5000

                      10

                      20

                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                      Helion EDM

                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                      radi

                      us (

                      m)

                      100 200 300 400 5000

                      10

                      20

                      30

                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                      Helion EDM

                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                      radi

                      al E

                      -fie

                      ld (

                      MV

                      m)

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                      Snake

                      Snake only

                      Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                      Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                      2

                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                      Snake + RF E-field even turns

                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                      Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                      bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                      bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                      bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                      bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                      2 1010 4 10

                      10 6 1010

                      0

                      02

                      04

                      06

                      08

                      d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                      n (number of turns)

                      P(n

                      )P

                      (n)

                      n (number of turns)

                      dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                      2

                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                      Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                      PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                      It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                      bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                      bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                      bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                      bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                      Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                      p and d at same momentum

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                      PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                      stored d

                      RF E-fieldvertical

                      polarization

                      spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                      Two situations

                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                      This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                      51011000 ss

                      growsPP

                      dropsP

                      zx

                      y

                      22

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                      Constant E-field

                      Number of turns

                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                      Number of turns

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                      Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                      2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                      Number of turns

                      EDM effect accumulates

                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                      PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                      Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                      E

                      BBvddt

                      sd )(

                      Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                      bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                      bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                      bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                      bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                      bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                      Top priority to make them available ASAP

                      bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                      Summary

                      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Spare transparencies

                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                      Momentum vector

                      bull Lower energy particle

                      bull hellipjust right

                      bull Higher energy particle

                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                      2

                      2

                      1

                      1

                      2

                      gG

                      c

                      EGBG

                      m

                      eG

                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                      0 EB

                      G

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                      11

                      01

                      12

                      G

                      G

                      G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                      Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                      G

                      mp

                      G 1

                      1

                      μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                      Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      spin manipulation

                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                      snakesCOn

                      COn

                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                      spin closed orbit

                      180o

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Machine acceptance

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                      lost

                      cooled

                      targetring acceptance

                      beam

                      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                      the target dominates beam loss

                      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                      IBeam

                      time

                      COSY used as accelerator and detector

                      PAX

                      Need for a high precision BCT

                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                      Status TRI Test at COSY

                      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                      Technological challenges

                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                      Circumference~ 200 m

                      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                      ParticleAtom

                      Current EDM Limit

                      Future Goal

                      dn equivalent

                      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                      Spin Precession

                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                      )()(dt

                      dEvBBvEd

                      S

                      ( rest frame)

                      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                      dt

                      dBEd

                      S

                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                      0G

                      Edt

                      s

                      d

                      d

                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                      COn

                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                      Polarization not affected

                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                      COn

                      COn

                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                      Simple model

                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                      referenceoscillation

                      decoherencetime

                      oscillationcapture

                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                      RF solenoid on off on

                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                      stored d

                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                      polarization

                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                      growsPP

                      dropsP

                      zx

                      y

                      22

                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                      Conclusion from simple model

                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                      dt

                      dBEd

                      S

                      ( rest frame)

                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                      EDM Cooperation

                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                      International srEDM Network

                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                      DOE-Proposal

                      Study Group

                      Precursor Ring Design

                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                      Copied from K Jungmann

                      History of neutron EDM limits

                      Adopted from K Kirch

                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                      Momentum vector

                      Lower energy particle

                      hellipjust right

                      Higher energy particle

                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                      2

                      2

                      1

                      1

                      2

                      gG

                      c

                      EGBG

                      m

                      eG

                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                      0 EB

                      G

                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                      c

                      EGBG

                      m

                      eG

                      1

                      1

                      2

                      edmG

                      0 EB

                      B

                      c

                      E

                      S

                      cdedm

                      Systematic Effects

                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                      2

                      c

                      EVsys

                      R

                      V

                      E

                      E

                      d

                      GR

                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                      Radial precession

                      Needs to be minimized

                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                      EDM Projects

                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                      Internal Polarimeter

                      spin as a function of time

                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                      EDM at COSY

                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                      Spin Coherence Time

                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                      Beam Position Monitor

                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                      BNLRHIC IP

                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                      Juumllich

                      Proton EDMBNL

                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                      Number of turns

                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                      Number of turns

                      22zx PPP

                      EDM effect accumulates

                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                      17

                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                      18

                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                      Cooled

                      Uncooled

                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                      19

                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                      Cooled

                      Uncooled

                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                      t t=Lv

                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                      for one year measurement

                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                      3

                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                      cme1052 29 pd

                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                      • Layout
                      • Slide 3
                      • Slide 4
                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                      • Slide 7
                      • Slide 8
                      • Slide 9
                      • Slide 10
                      • Slide 11
                      • Slide 12
                      • Slide 13
                      • Slide 14
                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                      • polarized beam in ring
                      • Slide 17
                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                      • Slide 19
                      • Spin coherence
                      • Slide 21
                      • Slide 22
                      • Slide 23
                      • Slide 24
                      • Slide 25
                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                      • In situ access to systematics
                      • Slide 28
                      • Slide 29
                      • Summary 2
                      • Slide 31
                      • Slide 32
                      • Slide 33
                      • Slide 34
                      • Slide 35
                      • Slide 36
                      • Slide 37
                      • Slide 38
                      • Slide 39
                      • Slide 40
                      • Slide 41
                      • Slide 42
                      • Slide 43
                      • Slide 44
                      • Slide 45
                      • spin manipulation
                      • Slide 47
                      • Slide 48
                      • Slide 49
                      • Spin Precession
                      • Slide 51
                      • Slide 52
                      • Slide 53
                      • Slide 54
                      • Slide 55
                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                      • Slide 57
                      • Slide 58
                      • Slide 59
                      • Slide 60
                      • Slide 61
                      • Slide 62
                      • Slide 63
                      • Slide 64
                      • Slide 65
                      • Slide 66
                      • Slide 67
                      • Slide 68
                      • Slide 69
                      • Slide 70
                      • Slide 71
                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                      • Slide 74
                      • Machine acceptance
                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                      • Slide 78
                      • Slide 79
                      • Slide 80
                      • Slide 81
                      • Slide 82
                      • Slide 83
                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                      • Slide 86
                      • Slide 87
                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                      • Slide 89
                      • Slide 90
                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                      • Systematic Effects
                      • Slide 93
                      • Slide 94
                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                      • Slide 97
                      • Slide 98
                      • Slide 99
                      • Slide 100
                      • Slide 101
                      • Slide 102
                      • Slide 103
                      • Slide 104
                      • Slide 105
                      • Slide 106
                      • Slide 107
                      • Slide 108
                      • Slide 109
                      • Slide 110
                      • Slide 111

                        Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-

                        field for RFE-field EDM flipper

                        bull EDM in the pure radial E-ring buildup of the vertical polarization from the horizontal one

                        bull Bill Morse Solution for COSY as it is is a radial RFE-flipper to convert the vertical polarization to the horizontal one

                        bull Need to cope with the precession of the horizonal polarization

                        bull Need very long SCT

                        bull d lt E-24 ecm for the deuteron EDM is within the reach of

                        COSY (if free of systematics)

                        polarized beam in ring

                        A

                        AS

                        one particle with magnetic moment

                        ldquospin tunerdquo

                        ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                        s2

                        AS

                        ring

                        makes one turn

                        Vertical stable polarization

                        Frank Rathmann 16

                        αSy

                        θ

                        Horizonal spin after flipper

                        cos HH SSHS

                        HS

                        Beam

                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                        COn

                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                        Polarization not affected

                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                        COn

                        COn

                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                        Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                        In situ access to systematics

                        bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                        bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                        bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                        Simple model

                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                        referenceoscillation

                        decoherencetime

                        oscillationcapture

                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                        RF solenoid on off on

                        Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                        hellip and money

                        Summary 1

                        Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                        reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                        Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                        An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                        But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                        Simple model

                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                        referenceoscillation

                        decoherencetime

                        oscillationcapture

                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                        RF solenoid on off on

                        EDM Cooperation

                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                        International srEDM Network

                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                        DOE-Proposal

                        Study Group

                        Precursor Ring Design

                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                        spin manipulation

                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                        snakesCOn

                        COn

                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                        spin closed orbit

                        180o

                        Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                        EDM Cooperation

                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                        International srEDM Network

                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                        DOE-Proposal

                        Study Group

                        Precursor Ring Design

                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                        polarized beam in ring

                        A

                        AS

                        one particle with magnetic moment

                        ldquospin tunerdquo

                        ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                        s2AS

                        ring

                        makes one turn

                        if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                        sresonances

                        stable polarizationS

                        if COn

                        Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                        EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                        p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                        Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                        Injector cyclotron

                        COSY

                        hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Spin Precession

                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                        )()(dt

                        dEvBBvEd

                        S

                        ( rest frame)

                        dt

                        dBEd

                        S

                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                        Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                        A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                        time reversal symmetry (T)

                        Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                        NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                        An all-in-one machine Protons

                        E-field only

                        54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                        5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                        20

                        40

                        60

                        80

                        100

                        Proton EDM

                        E-field (MVm)

                        radi

                        us (

                        m)

                        r1 E( )

                        E

                        r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                        r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                        An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                        E and B fields

                        55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                        100 200 300 400 5000

                        10

                        20

                        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                        Deuteron EDM

                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                        radi

                        us (

                        m)

                        100 200 300 400 50015

                        10

                        5

                        0

                        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                        Deuteron EDM

                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                        radi

                        al E

                        -fie

                        ld (

                        MV

                        m)

                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                        Technological challenges

                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                        Circumference~ 200 m

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                        )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                        COSY Concept for Snake

                        bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                        bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                        bull Cryogen-free system

                        bull Should be available in 2012

                        Bdl (Tm)

                        pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                        3329

                        PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                        1994

                        PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                        Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                        13887

                        ANKE

                        PAXPAX

                        ANKE

                        An all-in-one machine Helions

                        E and B fields

                        59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                        100 200 300 400 5000

                        10

                        20

                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                        Helion EDM

                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                        radi

                        us (

                        m)

                        100 200 300 400 5000

                        10

                        20

                        30

                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                        Helion EDM

                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                        radi

                        al E

                        -fie

                        ld (

                        MV

                        m)

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                        Snake

                        Snake only

                        Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                        Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                        2

                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                        Snake + RF E-field even turns

                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                        Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                        bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                        bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                        bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                        bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                        2 1010 4 10

                        10 6 1010

                        0

                        02

                        04

                        06

                        08

                        d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                        n (number of turns)

                        P(n

                        )P

                        (n)

                        n (number of turns)

                        dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                        2

                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                        Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                        PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                        It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                        bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                        bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                        bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                        bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                        Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                        p and d at same momentum

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                        PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                        stored d

                        RF E-fieldvertical

                        polarization

                        spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                        Two situations

                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                        This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                        51011000 ss

                        growsPP

                        dropsP

                        zx

                        y

                        22

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                        Constant E-field

                        Number of turns

                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                        Number of turns

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                        Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                        2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                        Number of turns

                        EDM effect accumulates

                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                        PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                        Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                        E

                        BBvddt

                        sd )(

                        Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                        bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                        bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                        bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                        bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                        bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                        Top priority to make them available ASAP

                        bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                        Summary

                        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Spare transparencies

                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                        Momentum vector

                        bull Lower energy particle

                        bull hellipjust right

                        bull Higher energy particle

                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                        2

                        2

                        1

                        1

                        2

                        gG

                        c

                        EGBG

                        m

                        eG

                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                        0 EB

                        G

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                        11

                        01

                        12

                        G

                        G

                        G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                        Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                        G

                        mp

                        G 1

                        1

                        μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                        Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        spin manipulation

                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                        snakesCOn

                        COn

                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                        spin closed orbit

                        180o

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Machine acceptance

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                        lost

                        cooled

                        targetring acceptance

                        beam

                        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                        the target dominates beam loss

                        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                        IBeam

                        time

                        COSY used as accelerator and detector

                        PAX

                        Need for a high precision BCT

                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                        Status TRI Test at COSY

                        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                        Technological challenges

                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                        Circumference~ 200 m

                        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                        ParticleAtom

                        Current EDM Limit

                        Future Goal

                        dn equivalent

                        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                        Spin Precession

                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                        )()(dt

                        dEvBBvEd

                        S

                        ( rest frame)

                        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                        dt

                        dBEd

                        S

                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                        0G

                        Edt

                        s

                        d

                        d

                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                        COn

                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                        Polarization not affected

                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                        COn

                        COn

                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                        Simple model

                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                        referenceoscillation

                        decoherencetime

                        oscillationcapture

                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                        RF solenoid on off on

                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                        stored d

                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                        polarization

                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                        growsPP

                        dropsP

                        zx

                        y

                        22

                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                        Conclusion from simple model

                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                        dt

                        dBEd

                        S

                        ( rest frame)

                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                        EDM Cooperation

                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                        International srEDM Network

                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                        DOE-Proposal

                        Study Group

                        Precursor Ring Design

                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                        Copied from K Jungmann

                        History of neutron EDM limits

                        Adopted from K Kirch

                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                        Momentum vector

                        Lower energy particle

                        hellipjust right

                        Higher energy particle

                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                        2

                        2

                        1

                        1

                        2

                        gG

                        c

                        EGBG

                        m

                        eG

                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                        0 EB

                        G

                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                        c

                        EGBG

                        m

                        eG

                        1

                        1

                        2

                        edmG

                        0 EB

                        B

                        c

                        E

                        S

                        cdedm

                        Systematic Effects

                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                        2

                        c

                        EVsys

                        R

                        V

                        E

                        E

                        d

                        GR

                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                        Radial precession

                        Needs to be minimized

                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                        EDM Projects

                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                        Internal Polarimeter

                        spin as a function of time

                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                        EDM at COSY

                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                        Spin Coherence Time

                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                        Beam Position Monitor

                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                        BNLRHIC IP

                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                        Juumllich

                        Proton EDMBNL

                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                        Number of turns

                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                        Number of turns

                        22zx PPP

                        EDM effect accumulates

                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                        17

                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                        18

                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                        Cooled

                        Uncooled

                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                        19

                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                        Cooled

                        Uncooled

                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                        t t=Lv

                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                        for one year measurement

                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                        3

                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                        cme1052 29 pd

                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                        • Layout
                        • Slide 3
                        • Slide 4
                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                        • Slide 7
                        • Slide 8
                        • Slide 9
                        • Slide 10
                        • Slide 11
                        • Slide 12
                        • Slide 13
                        • Slide 14
                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                        • polarized beam in ring
                        • Slide 17
                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                        • Slide 19
                        • Spin coherence
                        • Slide 21
                        • Slide 22
                        • Slide 23
                        • Slide 24
                        • Slide 25
                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                        • In situ access to systematics
                        • Slide 28
                        • Slide 29
                        • Summary 2
                        • Slide 31
                        • Slide 32
                        • Slide 33
                        • Slide 34
                        • Slide 35
                        • Slide 36
                        • Slide 37
                        • Slide 38
                        • Slide 39
                        • Slide 40
                        • Slide 41
                        • Slide 42
                        • Slide 43
                        • Slide 44
                        • Slide 45
                        • spin manipulation
                        • Slide 47
                        • Slide 48
                        • Slide 49
                        • Spin Precession
                        • Slide 51
                        • Slide 52
                        • Slide 53
                        • Slide 54
                        • Slide 55
                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                        • Slide 57
                        • Slide 58
                        • Slide 59
                        • Slide 60
                        • Slide 61
                        • Slide 62
                        • Slide 63
                        • Slide 64
                        • Slide 65
                        • Slide 66
                        • Slide 67
                        • Slide 68
                        • Slide 69
                        • Slide 70
                        • Slide 71
                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                        • Slide 74
                        • Machine acceptance
                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                        • Slide 78
                        • Slide 79
                        • Slide 80
                        • Slide 81
                        • Slide 82
                        • Slide 83
                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                        • Slide 86
                        • Slide 87
                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                        • Slide 89
                        • Slide 90
                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                        • Systematic Effects
                        • Slide 93
                        • Slide 94
                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                        • Slide 97
                        • Slide 98
                        • Slide 99
                        • Slide 100
                        • Slide 101
                        • Slide 102
                        • Slide 103
                        • Slide 104
                        • Slide 105
                        • Slide 106
                        • Slide 107
                        • Slide 108
                        • Slide 109
                        • Slide 110
                        • Slide 111

                          polarized beam in ring

                          A

                          AS

                          one particle with magnetic moment

                          ldquospin tunerdquo

                          ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                          s2

                          AS

                          ring

                          makes one turn

                          Vertical stable polarization

                          Frank Rathmann 16

                          αSy

                          θ

                          Horizonal spin after flipper

                          cos HH SSHS

                          HS

                          Beam

                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                          COn

                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                          Polarization not affected

                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                          COn

                          COn

                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                          Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                          In situ access to systematics

                          bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                          bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                          bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                          Simple model

                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                          referenceoscillation

                          decoherencetime

                          oscillationcapture

                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                          RF solenoid on off on

                          Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                          hellip and money

                          Summary 1

                          Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                          reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                          Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                          An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                          But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                          Simple model

                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                          referenceoscillation

                          decoherencetime

                          oscillationcapture

                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                          RF solenoid on off on

                          EDM Cooperation

                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                          International srEDM Network

                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                          DOE-Proposal

                          Study Group

                          Precursor Ring Design

                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                          spin manipulation

                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                          snakesCOn

                          COn

                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                          spin closed orbit

                          180o

                          Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                          EDM Cooperation

                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                          International srEDM Network

                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                          DOE-Proposal

                          Study Group

                          Precursor Ring Design

                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                          polarized beam in ring

                          A

                          AS

                          one particle with magnetic moment

                          ldquospin tunerdquo

                          ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                          s2AS

                          ring

                          makes one turn

                          if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                          sresonances

                          stable polarizationS

                          if COn

                          Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                          EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                          p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                          Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                          Injector cyclotron

                          COSY

                          hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Spin Precession

                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                          )()(dt

                          dEvBBvEd

                          S

                          ( rest frame)

                          dt

                          dBEd

                          S

                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                          Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                          A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                          time reversal symmetry (T)

                          Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                          NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                          An all-in-one machine Protons

                          E-field only

                          54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                          5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                          20

                          40

                          60

                          80

                          100

                          Proton EDM

                          E-field (MVm)

                          radi

                          us (

                          m)

                          r1 E( )

                          E

                          r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                          r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                          An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                          E and B fields

                          55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                          100 200 300 400 5000

                          10

                          20

                          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                          Deuteron EDM

                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                          radi

                          us (

                          m)

                          100 200 300 400 50015

                          10

                          5

                          0

                          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                          Deuteron EDM

                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                          radi

                          al E

                          -fie

                          ld (

                          MV

                          m)

                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                          Technological challenges

                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                          Circumference~ 200 m

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                          )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                          COSY Concept for Snake

                          bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                          bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                          bull Cryogen-free system

                          bull Should be available in 2012

                          Bdl (Tm)

                          pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                          3329

                          PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                          1994

                          PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                          Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                          13887

                          ANKE

                          PAXPAX

                          ANKE

                          An all-in-one machine Helions

                          E and B fields

                          59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                          100 200 300 400 5000

                          10

                          20

                          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                          Helion EDM

                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                          radi

                          us (

                          m)

                          100 200 300 400 5000

                          10

                          20

                          30

                          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                          Helion EDM

                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                          radi

                          al E

                          -fie

                          ld (

                          MV

                          m)

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                          Snake

                          Snake only

                          Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                          Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                          2

                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                          Snake + RF E-field even turns

                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                          Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                          bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                          bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                          bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                          bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                          2 1010 4 10

                          10 6 1010

                          0

                          02

                          04

                          06

                          08

                          d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                          n (number of turns)

                          P(n

                          )P

                          (n)

                          n (number of turns)

                          dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                          2

                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                          Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                          PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                          It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                          bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                          bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                          bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                          bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                          Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                          p and d at same momentum

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                          PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                          stored d

                          RF E-fieldvertical

                          polarization

                          spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                          Two situations

                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                          This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                          51011000 ss

                          growsPP

                          dropsP

                          zx

                          y

                          22

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                          Constant E-field

                          Number of turns

                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                          Number of turns

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                          Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                          2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                          Number of turns

                          EDM effect accumulates

                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                          PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                          Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                          E

                          BBvddt

                          sd )(

                          Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                          bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                          bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                          bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                          bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                          bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                          Top priority to make them available ASAP

                          bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                          Summary

                          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Spare transparencies

                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                          Momentum vector

                          bull Lower energy particle

                          bull hellipjust right

                          bull Higher energy particle

                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                          2

                          2

                          1

                          1

                          2

                          gG

                          c

                          EGBG

                          m

                          eG

                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                          0 EB

                          G

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                          11

                          01

                          12

                          G

                          G

                          G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                          Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                          G

                          mp

                          G 1

                          1

                          μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                          Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          spin manipulation

                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                          snakesCOn

                          COn

                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                          spin closed orbit

                          180o

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Machine acceptance

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                          lost

                          cooled

                          targetring acceptance

                          beam

                          In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                          the target dominates beam loss

                          K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                          IBeam

                          time

                          COSY used as accelerator and detector

                          PAX

                          Need for a high precision BCT

                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                          Status TRI Test at COSY

                          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                          Technological challenges

                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                          Circumference~ 200 m

                          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                          ParticleAtom

                          Current EDM Limit

                          Future Goal

                          dn equivalent

                          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                          Spin Precession

                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                          )()(dt

                          dEvBBvEd

                          S

                          ( rest frame)

                          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                          dt

                          dBEd

                          S

                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                          0G

                          Edt

                          s

                          d

                          d

                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                          COn

                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                          Polarization not affected

                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                          COn

                          COn

                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                          Simple model

                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                          referenceoscillation

                          decoherencetime

                          oscillationcapture

                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                          RF solenoid on off on

                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                          stored d

                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                          polarization

                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                          growsPP

                          dropsP

                          zx

                          y

                          22

                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                          Conclusion from simple model

                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                          dt

                          dBEd

                          S

                          ( rest frame)

                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                          EDM Cooperation

                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                          International srEDM Network

                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                          DOE-Proposal

                          Study Group

                          Precursor Ring Design

                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                          Copied from K Jungmann

                          History of neutron EDM limits

                          Adopted from K Kirch

                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                          Momentum vector

                          Lower energy particle

                          hellipjust right

                          Higher energy particle

                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                          2

                          2

                          1

                          1

                          2

                          gG

                          c

                          EGBG

                          m

                          eG

                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                          0 EB

                          G

                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                          c

                          EGBG

                          m

                          eG

                          1

                          1

                          2

                          edmG

                          0 EB

                          B

                          c

                          E

                          S

                          cdedm

                          Systematic Effects

                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                          2

                          c

                          EVsys

                          R

                          V

                          E

                          E

                          d

                          GR

                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                          Radial precession

                          Needs to be minimized

                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                          EDM Projects

                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                          Internal Polarimeter

                          spin as a function of time

                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                          EDM at COSY

                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                          Spin Coherence Time

                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                          Beam Position Monitor

                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                          BNLRHIC IP

                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                          Juumllich

                          Proton EDMBNL

                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                          Number of turns

                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                          Number of turns

                          22zx PPP

                          EDM effect accumulates

                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                          17

                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                          18

                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                          Cooled

                          Uncooled

                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                          19

                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                          Cooled

                          Uncooled

                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                          t t=Lv

                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                          for one year measurement

                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                          3

                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                          cme1052 29 pd

                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                          • Layout
                          • Slide 3
                          • Slide 4
                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                          • Slide 7
                          • Slide 8
                          • Slide 9
                          • Slide 10
                          • Slide 11
                          • Slide 12
                          • Slide 13
                          • Slide 14
                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                          • polarized beam in ring
                          • Slide 17
                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                          • Slide 19
                          • Spin coherence
                          • Slide 21
                          • Slide 22
                          • Slide 23
                          • Slide 24
                          • Slide 25
                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                          • In situ access to systematics
                          • Slide 28
                          • Slide 29
                          • Summary 2
                          • Slide 31
                          • Slide 32
                          • Slide 33
                          • Slide 34
                          • Slide 35
                          • Slide 36
                          • Slide 37
                          • Slide 38
                          • Slide 39
                          • Slide 40
                          • Slide 41
                          • Slide 42
                          • Slide 43
                          • Slide 44
                          • Slide 45
                          • spin manipulation
                          • Slide 47
                          • Slide 48
                          • Slide 49
                          • Spin Precession
                          • Slide 51
                          • Slide 52
                          • Slide 53
                          • Slide 54
                          • Slide 55
                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                          • Slide 57
                          • Slide 58
                          • Slide 59
                          • Slide 60
                          • Slide 61
                          • Slide 62
                          • Slide 63
                          • Slide 64
                          • Slide 65
                          • Slide 66
                          • Slide 67
                          • Slide 68
                          • Slide 69
                          • Slide 70
                          • Slide 71
                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                          • Slide 74
                          • Machine acceptance
                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                          • Slide 78
                          • Slide 79
                          • Slide 80
                          • Slide 81
                          • Slide 82
                          • Slide 83
                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                          • Slide 86
                          • Slide 87
                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                          • Slide 89
                          • Slide 90
                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                          • Systematic Effects
                          • Slide 93
                          • Slide 94
                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                          • Slide 97
                          • Slide 98
                          • Slide 99
                          • Slide 100
                          • Slide 101
                          • Slide 102
                          • Slide 103
                          • Slide 104
                          • Slide 105
                          • Slide 106
                          • Slide 107
                          • Slide 108
                          • Slide 109
                          • Slide 110
                          • Slide 111

                            αSy

                            θ

                            Horizonal spin after flipper

                            cos HH SSHS

                            HS

                            Beam

                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                            COn

                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                            Polarization not affected

                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                            COn

                            COn

                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                            Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                            In situ access to systematics

                            bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                            bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                            bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                            Simple model

                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                            referenceoscillation

                            decoherencetime

                            oscillationcapture

                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                            RF solenoid on off on

                            Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                            hellip and money

                            Summary 1

                            Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                            reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                            Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                            An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                            But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                            Simple model

                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                            referenceoscillation

                            decoherencetime

                            oscillationcapture

                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                            RF solenoid on off on

                            EDM Cooperation

                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                            International srEDM Network

                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                            DOE-Proposal

                            Study Group

                            Precursor Ring Design

                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                            spin manipulation

                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                            snakesCOn

                            COn

                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                            spin closed orbit

                            180o

                            Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                            EDM Cooperation

                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                            International srEDM Network

                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                            DOE-Proposal

                            Study Group

                            Precursor Ring Design

                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                            polarized beam in ring

                            A

                            AS

                            one particle with magnetic moment

                            ldquospin tunerdquo

                            ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                            s2AS

                            ring

                            makes one turn

                            if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                            sresonances

                            stable polarizationS

                            if COn

                            Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                            EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                            p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                            Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                            Injector cyclotron

                            COSY

                            hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Spin Precession

                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                            )()(dt

                            dEvBBvEd

                            S

                            ( rest frame)

                            dt

                            dBEd

                            S

                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                            Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                            A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                            time reversal symmetry (T)

                            Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                            NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                            An all-in-one machine Protons

                            E-field only

                            54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                            5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                            20

                            40

                            60

                            80

                            100

                            Proton EDM

                            E-field (MVm)

                            radi

                            us (

                            m)

                            r1 E( )

                            E

                            r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                            r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                            An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                            E and B fields

                            55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                            100 200 300 400 5000

                            10

                            20

                            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                            Deuteron EDM

                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                            radi

                            us (

                            m)

                            100 200 300 400 50015

                            10

                            5

                            0

                            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                            Deuteron EDM

                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                            radi

                            al E

                            -fie

                            ld (

                            MV

                            m)

                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                            Technological challenges

                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                            Circumference~ 200 m

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                            )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                            COSY Concept for Snake

                            bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                            bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                            bull Cryogen-free system

                            bull Should be available in 2012

                            Bdl (Tm)

                            pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                            3329

                            PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                            1994

                            PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                            Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                            13887

                            ANKE

                            PAXPAX

                            ANKE

                            An all-in-one machine Helions

                            E and B fields

                            59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                            100 200 300 400 5000

                            10

                            20

                            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                            Helion EDM

                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                            radi

                            us (

                            m)

                            100 200 300 400 5000

                            10

                            20

                            30

                            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                            Helion EDM

                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                            radi

                            al E

                            -fie

                            ld (

                            MV

                            m)

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                            Snake

                            Snake only

                            Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                            Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                            2

                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                            Snake + RF E-field even turns

                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                            Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                            bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                            bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                            bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                            bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                            2 1010 4 10

                            10 6 1010

                            0

                            02

                            04

                            06

                            08

                            d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                            n (number of turns)

                            P(n

                            )P

                            (n)

                            n (number of turns)

                            dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                            2

                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                            Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                            PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                            It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                            bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                            bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                            bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                            bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                            Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                            p and d at same momentum

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                            PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                            stored d

                            RF E-fieldvertical

                            polarization

                            spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                            Two situations

                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                            This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                            51011000 ss

                            growsPP

                            dropsP

                            zx

                            y

                            22

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                            Constant E-field

                            Number of turns

                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                            Number of turns

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                            Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                            2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                            Number of turns

                            EDM effect accumulates

                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                            PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                            Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                            E

                            BBvddt

                            sd )(

                            Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                            bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                            bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                            bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                            bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                            bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                            Top priority to make them available ASAP

                            bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                            Summary

                            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Spare transparencies

                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                            Momentum vector

                            bull Lower energy particle

                            bull hellipjust right

                            bull Higher energy particle

                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                            2

                            2

                            1

                            1

                            2

                            gG

                            c

                            EGBG

                            m

                            eG

                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                            0 EB

                            G

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                            11

                            01

                            12

                            G

                            G

                            G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                            Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                            G

                            mp

                            G 1

                            1

                            μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                            Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            spin manipulation

                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                            snakesCOn

                            COn

                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                            spin closed orbit

                            180o

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Machine acceptance

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                            lost

                            cooled

                            targetring acceptance

                            beam

                            In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                            the target dominates beam loss

                            K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                            Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                            COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                            Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                            Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                            IBeam

                            time

                            COSY used as accelerator and detector

                            PAX

                            Need for a high precision BCT

                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                            Status TRI Test at COSY

                            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                            Technological challenges

                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                            Circumference~ 200 m

                            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                            ParticleAtom

                            Current EDM Limit

                            Future Goal

                            dn equivalent

                            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                            Spin Precession

                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                            )()(dt

                            dEvBBvEd

                            S

                            ( rest frame)

                            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                            dt

                            dBEd

                            S

                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                            0G

                            Edt

                            s

                            d

                            d

                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                            COn

                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                            Polarization not affected

                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                            COn

                            COn

                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                            Simple model

                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                            referenceoscillation

                            decoherencetime

                            oscillationcapture

                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                            RF solenoid on off on

                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                            stored d

                            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                            polarization

                            Spin precession governed by Two situations

                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                            growsPP

                            dropsP

                            zx

                            y

                            22

                            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                            Conclusion from simple model

                            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                            dt

                            dBEd

                            S

                            ( rest frame)

                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                            EDM Cooperation

                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                            International srEDM Network

                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                            DOE-Proposal

                            Study Group

                            Precursor Ring Design

                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                            Copied from K Jungmann

                            History of neutron EDM limits

                            Adopted from K Kirch

                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                            Momentum vector

                            Lower energy particle

                            hellipjust right

                            Higher energy particle

                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                            2

                            2

                            1

                            1

                            2

                            gG

                            c

                            EGBG

                            m

                            eG

                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                            0 EB

                            G

                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                            c

                            EGBG

                            m

                            eG

                            1

                            1

                            2

                            edmG

                            0 EB

                            B

                            c

                            E

                            S

                            cdedm

                            Systematic Effects

                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                            2

                            c

                            EVsys

                            R

                            V

                            E

                            E

                            d

                            GR

                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                            Radial precession

                            Needs to be minimized

                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                            EDM Projects

                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                            Internal Polarimeter

                            spin as a function of time

                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                            EDM at COSY

                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                            Spin Coherence Time

                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                            Beam Position Monitor

                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                            BNLRHIC IP

                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                            Juumllich

                            Proton EDMBNL

                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                            Number of turns

                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                            Number of turns

                            22zx PPP

                            EDM effect accumulates

                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                            17

                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                            18

                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                            Cooled

                            Uncooled

                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                            19

                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                            Cooled

                            Uncooled

                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                            t t=Lv

                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                            for one year measurement

                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                            3

                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                            cme1052 29 pd

                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                            • Layout
                            • Slide 3
                            • Slide 4
                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                            • Slide 7
                            • Slide 8
                            • Slide 9
                            • Slide 10
                            • Slide 11
                            • Slide 12
                            • Slide 13
                            • Slide 14
                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                            • polarized beam in ring
                            • Slide 17
                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                            • Slide 19
                            • Spin coherence
                            • Slide 21
                            • Slide 22
                            • Slide 23
                            • Slide 24
                            • Slide 25
                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                            • In situ access to systematics
                            • Slide 28
                            • Slide 29
                            • Summary 2
                            • Slide 31
                            • Slide 32
                            • Slide 33
                            • Slide 34
                            • Slide 35
                            • Slide 36
                            • Slide 37
                            • Slide 38
                            • Slide 39
                            • Slide 40
                            • Slide 41
                            • Slide 42
                            • Slide 43
                            • Slide 44
                            • Slide 45
                            • spin manipulation
                            • Slide 47
                            • Slide 48
                            • Slide 49
                            • Spin Precession
                            • Slide 51
                            • Slide 52
                            • Slide 53
                            • Slide 54
                            • Slide 55
                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                            • Slide 57
                            • Slide 58
                            • Slide 59
                            • Slide 60
                            • Slide 61
                            • Slide 62
                            • Slide 63
                            • Slide 64
                            • Slide 65
                            • Slide 66
                            • Slide 67
                            • Slide 68
                            • Slide 69
                            • Slide 70
                            • Slide 71
                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                            • Slide 74
                            • Machine acceptance
                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                            • Slide 78
                            • Slide 79
                            • Slide 80
                            • Slide 81
                            • Slide 82
                            • Slide 83
                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                            • Slide 86
                            • Slide 87
                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                            • Slide 89
                            • Slide 90
                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                            • Systematic Effects
                            • Slide 93
                            • Slide 94
                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                            • Slide 97
                            • Slide 98
                            • Slide 99
                            • Slide 100
                            • Slide 101
                            • Slide 102
                            • Slide 103
                            • Slide 104
                            • Slide 105
                            • Slide 106
                            • Slide 107
                            • Slide 108
                            • Slide 109
                            • Slide 110
                            • Slide 111

                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                              COn

                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                              Polarization not affected

                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                              COn

                              COn

                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                              Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                              In situ access to systematics

                              bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                              bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                              bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                              Simple model

                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                              referenceoscillation

                              decoherencetime

                              oscillationcapture

                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                              RF solenoid on off on

                              Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                              hellip and money

                              Summary 1

                              Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                              reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                              Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                              An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                              But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                              Simple model

                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                              referenceoscillation

                              decoherencetime

                              oscillationcapture

                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                              RF solenoid on off on

                              EDM Cooperation

                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                              International srEDM Network

                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                              DOE-Proposal

                              Study Group

                              Precursor Ring Design

                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                              spin manipulation

                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                              snakesCOn

                              COn

                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                              spin closed orbit

                              180o

                              Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                              EDM Cooperation

                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                              International srEDM Network

                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                              DOE-Proposal

                              Study Group

                              Precursor Ring Design

                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                              polarized beam in ring

                              A

                              AS

                              one particle with magnetic moment

                              ldquospin tunerdquo

                              ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                              s2AS

                              ring

                              makes one turn

                              if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                              sresonances

                              stable polarizationS

                              if COn

                              Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                              EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                              p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                              Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                              Injector cyclotron

                              COSY

                              hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Spin Precession

                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                              )()(dt

                              dEvBBvEd

                              S

                              ( rest frame)

                              dt

                              dBEd

                              S

                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                              Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                              A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                              time reversal symmetry (T)

                              Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                              NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                              An all-in-one machine Protons

                              E-field only

                              54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                              5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                              20

                              40

                              60

                              80

                              100

                              Proton EDM

                              E-field (MVm)

                              radi

                              us (

                              m)

                              r1 E( )

                              E

                              r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                              r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                              An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                              E and B fields

                              55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                              100 200 300 400 5000

                              10

                              20

                              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                              Deuteron EDM

                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                              radi

                              us (

                              m)

                              100 200 300 400 50015

                              10

                              5

                              0

                              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                              Deuteron EDM

                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                              radi

                              al E

                              -fie

                              ld (

                              MV

                              m)

                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                              Technological challenges

                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                              Circumference~ 200 m

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                              )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                              COSY Concept for Snake

                              bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                              bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                              bull Cryogen-free system

                              bull Should be available in 2012

                              Bdl (Tm)

                              pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                              3329

                              PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                              1994

                              PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                              Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                              13887

                              ANKE

                              PAXPAX

                              ANKE

                              An all-in-one machine Helions

                              E and B fields

                              59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                              100 200 300 400 5000

                              10

                              20

                              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                              Helion EDM

                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                              radi

                              us (

                              m)

                              100 200 300 400 5000

                              10

                              20

                              30

                              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                              Helion EDM

                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                              radi

                              al E

                              -fie

                              ld (

                              MV

                              m)

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                              Snake

                              Snake only

                              Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                              Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                              2

                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                              Snake + RF E-field even turns

                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                              Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                              bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                              bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                              bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                              bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                              2 1010 4 10

                              10 6 1010

                              0

                              02

                              04

                              06

                              08

                              d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                              n (number of turns)

                              P(n

                              )P

                              (n)

                              n (number of turns)

                              dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                              2

                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                              Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                              PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                              It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                              bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                              bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                              bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                              bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                              Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                              p and d at same momentum

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                              PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                              stored d

                              RF E-fieldvertical

                              polarization

                              spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                              Two situations

                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                              This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                              51011000 ss

                              growsPP

                              dropsP

                              zx

                              y

                              22

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                              Constant E-field

                              Number of turns

                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                              Number of turns

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                              Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                              2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                              Number of turns

                              EDM effect accumulates

                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                              PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                              Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                              E

                              BBvddt

                              sd )(

                              Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                              bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                              bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                              bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                              bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                              bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                              Top priority to make them available ASAP

                              bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                              Summary

                              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Spare transparencies

                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                              Momentum vector

                              bull Lower energy particle

                              bull hellipjust right

                              bull Higher energy particle

                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                              2

                              2

                              1

                              1

                              2

                              gG

                              c

                              EGBG

                              m

                              eG

                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                              0 EB

                              G

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                              11

                              01

                              12

                              G

                              G

                              G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                              Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                              G

                              mp

                              G 1

                              1

                              μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                              Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              spin manipulation

                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                              snakesCOn

                              COn

                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                              spin closed orbit

                              180o

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Machine acceptance

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                              lost

                              cooled

                              targetring acceptance

                              beam

                              In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                              the target dominates beam loss

                              K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                              Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                              COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                              Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                              Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                              IBeam

                              time

                              COSY used as accelerator and detector

                              PAX

                              Need for a high precision BCT

                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                              Status TRI Test at COSY

                              bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                              Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                              Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                              A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                              D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                              Technological challenges

                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                              Circumference~ 200 m

                              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                              ParticleAtom

                              Current EDM Limit

                              Future Goal

                              dn equivalent

                              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                              Spin Precession

                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                              )()(dt

                              dEvBBvEd

                              S

                              ( rest frame)

                              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                              dt

                              dBEd

                              S

                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                              0G

                              Edt

                              s

                              d

                              d

                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                              COn

                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                              Polarization not affected

                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                              COn

                              COn

                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                              Simple model

                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                              referenceoscillation

                              decoherencetime

                              oscillationcapture

                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                              RF solenoid on off on

                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                              stored d

                              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                              polarization

                              Spin precession governed by Two situations

                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                              growsPP

                              dropsP

                              zx

                              y

                              22

                              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                              Conclusion from simple model

                              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                              dt

                              dBEd

                              S

                              ( rest frame)

                              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                              EDM Cooperation

                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                              International srEDM Network

                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                              DOE-Proposal

                              Study Group

                              Precursor Ring Design

                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                              Copied from K Jungmann

                              History of neutron EDM limits

                              Adopted from K Kirch

                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                              Momentum vector

                              Lower energy particle

                              hellipjust right

                              Higher energy particle

                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                              2

                              2

                              1

                              1

                              2

                              gG

                              c

                              EGBG

                              m

                              eG

                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                              0 EB

                              G

                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                              c

                              EGBG

                              m

                              eG

                              1

                              1

                              2

                              edmG

                              0 EB

                              B

                              c

                              E

                              S

                              cdedm

                              Systematic Effects

                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                              2

                              c

                              EVsys

                              R

                              V

                              E

                              E

                              d

                              GR

                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                              Radial precession

                              Needs to be minimized

                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                              EDM Projects

                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                              Internal Polarimeter

                              spin as a function of time

                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                              EDM at COSY

                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                              Spin Coherence Time

                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                              Beam Position Monitor

                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                              BNLRHIC IP

                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                              Juumllich

                              Proton EDMBNL

                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                              Number of turns

                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                              Number of turns

                              22zx PPP

                              EDM effect accumulates

                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                              17

                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                              18

                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                              Cooled

                              Uncooled

                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                              19

                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                              Cooled

                              Uncooled

                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                              t t=Lv

                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                              for one year measurement

                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                              3

                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                              cme1052 29 pd

                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                              • Layout
                              • Slide 3
                              • Slide 4
                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                              • Slide 7
                              • Slide 8
                              • Slide 9
                              • Slide 10
                              • Slide 11
                              • Slide 12
                              • Slide 13
                              • Slide 14
                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                              • polarized beam in ring
                              • Slide 17
                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                              • Slide 19
                              • Spin coherence
                              • Slide 21
                              • Slide 22
                              • Slide 23
                              • Slide 24
                              • Slide 25
                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                              • In situ access to systematics
                              • Slide 28
                              • Slide 29
                              • Summary 2
                              • Slide 31
                              • Slide 32
                              • Slide 33
                              • Slide 34
                              • Slide 35
                              • Slide 36
                              • Slide 37
                              • Slide 38
                              • Slide 39
                              • Slide 40
                              • Slide 41
                              • Slide 42
                              • Slide 43
                              • Slide 44
                              • Slide 45
                              • spin manipulation
                              • Slide 47
                              • Slide 48
                              • Slide 49
                              • Spin Precession
                              • Slide 51
                              • Slide 52
                              • Slide 53
                              • Slide 54
                              • Slide 55
                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                              • Slide 57
                              • Slide 58
                              • Slide 59
                              • Slide 60
                              • Slide 61
                              • Slide 62
                              • Slide 63
                              • Slide 64
                              • Slide 65
                              • Slide 66
                              • Slide 67
                              • Slide 68
                              • Slide 69
                              • Slide 70
                              • Slide 71
                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                              • Slide 74
                              • Machine acceptance
                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                              • Slide 78
                              • Slide 79
                              • Slide 80
                              • Slide 81
                              • Slide 82
                              • Slide 83
                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                              • Slide 86
                              • Slide 87
                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                              • Slide 89
                              • Slide 90
                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                              • Systematic Effects
                              • Slide 93
                              • Slide 94
                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                              • Slide 97
                              • Slide 98
                              • Slide 99
                              • Slide 100
                              • Slide 101
                              • Slide 102
                              • Slide 103
                              • Slide 104
                              • Slide 105
                              • Slide 106
                              • Slide 107
                              • Slide 108
                              • Slide 109
                              • Slide 110
                              • Slide 111

                                Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper

                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                In situ access to systematics

                                bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                                bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                                bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                Simple model

                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                referenceoscillation

                                decoherencetime

                                oscillationcapture

                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                RF solenoid on off on

                                Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                                hellip and money

                                Summary 1

                                Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                                reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                                Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                                An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                                But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                Simple model

                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                referenceoscillation

                                decoherencetime

                                oscillationcapture

                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                RF solenoid on off on

                                EDM Cooperation

                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                International srEDM Network

                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                DOE-Proposal

                                Study Group

                                Precursor Ring Design

                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                spin manipulation

                                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                snakesCOn

                                COn

                                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                spin closed orbit

                                180o

                                Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                EDM Cooperation

                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                International srEDM Network

                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                DOE-Proposal

                                Study Group

                                Precursor Ring Design

                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                polarized beam in ring

                                A

                                AS

                                one particle with magnetic moment

                                ldquospin tunerdquo

                                ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                s2AS

                                ring

                                makes one turn

                                if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                sresonances

                                stable polarizationS

                                if COn

                                Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                Injector cyclotron

                                COSY

                                hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Spin Precession

                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                )()(dt

                                dEvBBvEd

                                S

                                ( rest frame)

                                dt

                                dBEd

                                S

                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                time reversal symmetry (T)

                                Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                An all-in-one machine Protons

                                E-field only

                                54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                20

                                40

                                60

                                80

                                100

                                Proton EDM

                                E-field (MVm)

                                radi

                                us (

                                m)

                                r1 E( )

                                E

                                r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                E and B fields

                                55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                10

                                20

                                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                Deuteron EDM

                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                radi

                                us (

                                m)

                                100 200 300 400 50015

                                10

                                5

                                0

                                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                Deuteron EDM

                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                radi

                                al E

                                -fie

                                ld (

                                MV

                                m)

                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                Technological challenges

                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                COSY Concept for Snake

                                bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                bull Cryogen-free system

                                bull Should be available in 2012

                                Bdl (Tm)

                                pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                3329

                                PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                1994

                                PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                13887

                                ANKE

                                PAXPAX

                                ANKE

                                An all-in-one machine Helions

                                E and B fields

                                59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                10

                                20

                                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                Helion EDM

                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                radi

                                us (

                                m)

                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                10

                                20

                                30

                                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                Helion EDM

                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                radi

                                al E

                                -fie

                                ld (

                                MV

                                m)

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                Snake

                                Snake only

                                Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                2

                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                2 1010 4 10

                                10 6 1010

                                0

                                02

                                04

                                06

                                08

                                d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                n (number of turns)

                                P(n

                                )P

                                (n)

                                n (number of turns)

                                dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                2

                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                p and d at same momentum

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                stored d

                                RF E-fieldvertical

                                polarization

                                spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                Two situations

                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                51011000 ss

                                growsPP

                                dropsP

                                zx

                                y

                                22

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                Constant E-field

                                Number of turns

                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                Number of turns

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                Number of turns

                                EDM effect accumulates

                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                E

                                BBvddt

                                sd )(

                                Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                Summary

                                Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Spare transparencies

                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                Momentum vector

                                bull Lower energy particle

                                bull hellipjust right

                                bull Higher energy particle

                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                2

                                2

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                gG

                                c

                                EGBG

                                m

                                eG

                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                0 EB

                                G

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                11

                                01

                                12

                                G

                                G

                                G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                G

                                mp

                                G 1

                                1

                                μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                spin manipulation

                                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                snakesCOn

                                COn

                                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                spin closed orbit

                                180o

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Machine acceptance

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                lost

                                cooled

                                targetring acceptance

                                beam

                                In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                the target dominates beam loss

                                K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                IBeam

                                time

                                COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                PAX

                                Need for a high precision BCT

                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                Status TRI Test at COSY

                                bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                Technological challenges

                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                ParticleAtom

                                Current EDM Limit

                                Future Goal

                                dn equivalent

                                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                Spin Precession

                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                )()(dt

                                dEvBBvEd

                                S

                                ( rest frame)

                                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                dt

                                dBEd

                                S

                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                0G

                                Edt

                                s

                                d

                                d

                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                COn

                                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                Polarization not affected

                                Situation very different when you deal with S

                                COn

                                COn

                                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                Simple model

                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                referenceoscillation

                                decoherencetime

                                oscillationcapture

                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                RF solenoid on off on

                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                stored d

                                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                polarization

                                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                growsPP

                                dropsP

                                zx

                                y

                                22

                                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                Conclusion from simple model

                                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                dt

                                dBEd

                                S

                                ( rest frame)

                                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                EDM Cooperation

                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                International srEDM Network

                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                DOE-Proposal

                                Study Group

                                Precursor Ring Design

                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                Momentum vector

                                Lower energy particle

                                hellipjust right

                                Higher energy particle

                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                2

                                2

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                gG

                                c

                                EGBG

                                m

                                eG

                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                0 EB

                                G

                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                c

                                EGBG

                                m

                                eG

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                edmG

                                0 EB

                                B

                                c

                                E

                                S

                                cdedm

                                Systematic Effects

                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                2

                                c

                                EVsys

                                R

                                V

                                E

                                E

                                d

                                GR

                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                Radial precession

                                Needs to be minimized

                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                EDM Projects

                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                Internal Polarimeter

                                spin as a function of time

                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                EDM at COSY

                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                Spin Coherence Time

                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                Beam Position Monitor

                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                BNLRHIC IP

                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                Juumllich

                                Proton EDMBNL

                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                Number of turns

                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                Number of turns

                                22zx PPP

                                EDM effect accumulates

                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                17

                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                18

                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                Cooled

                                Uncooled

                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                19

                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                Cooled

                                Uncooled

                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                t t=Lv

                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                for one year measurement

                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                3

                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                cme1052 29 pd

                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                • Layout
                                • Slide 3
                                • Slide 4
                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                • Slide 7
                                • Slide 8
                                • Slide 9
                                • Slide 10
                                • Slide 11
                                • Slide 12
                                • Slide 13
                                • Slide 14
                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                • polarized beam in ring
                                • Slide 17
                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                • Slide 19
                                • Spin coherence
                                • Slide 21
                                • Slide 22
                                • Slide 23
                                • Slide 24
                                • Slide 25
                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                • In situ access to systematics
                                • Slide 28
                                • Slide 29
                                • Summary 2
                                • Slide 31
                                • Slide 32
                                • Slide 33
                                • Slide 34
                                • Slide 35
                                • Slide 36
                                • Slide 37
                                • Slide 38
                                • Slide 39
                                • Slide 40
                                • Slide 41
                                • Slide 42
                                • Slide 43
                                • Slide 44
                                • Slide 45
                                • spin manipulation
                                • Slide 47
                                • Slide 48
                                • Slide 49
                                • Spin Precession
                                • Slide 51
                                • Slide 52
                                • Slide 53
                                • Slide 54
                                • Slide 55
                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                • Slide 57
                                • Slide 58
                                • Slide 59
                                • Slide 60
                                • Slide 61
                                • Slide 62
                                • Slide 63
                                • Slide 64
                                • Slide 65
                                • Slide 66
                                • Slide 67
                                • Slide 68
                                • Slide 69
                                • Slide 70
                                • Slide 71
                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                • Slide 74
                                • Machine acceptance
                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                • Slide 78
                                • Slide 79
                                • Slide 80
                                • Slide 81
                                • Slide 82
                                • Slide 83
                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                • Slide 86
                                • Slide 87
                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                • Slide 89
                                • Slide 90
                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                • Systematic Effects
                                • Slide 93
                                • Slide 94
                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                • Slide 97
                                • Slide 98
                                • Slide 99
                                • Slide 100
                                • Slide 101
                                • Slide 102
                                • Slide 103
                                • Slide 104
                                • Slide 105
                                • Slide 106
                                • Slide 107
                                • Slide 108
                                • Slide 109
                                • Slide 110
                                • Slide 111

                                  In situ access to systematics

                                  bull Swap the radial RFE field for the radial RFH field

                                  bull The magnetic moment shall do the same job as EDM

                                  bull Go down to micro- amp nano-gauss to establish the sensitivity limit

                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                  Simple model

                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                  referenceoscillation

                                  decoherencetime

                                  oscillationcapture

                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                  Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                                  hellip and money

                                  Summary 1

                                  Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                                  reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                                  Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                                  An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                                  But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                  Simple model

                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                  referenceoscillation

                                  decoherencetime

                                  oscillationcapture

                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                  EDM Cooperation

                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                  International srEDM Network

                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                  DOE-Proposal

                                  Study Group

                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                  spin manipulation

                                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                  snakesCOn

                                  COn

                                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                  spin closed orbit

                                  180o

                                  Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                  EDM Cooperation

                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                  International srEDM Network

                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                  DOE-Proposal

                                  Study Group

                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                  polarized beam in ring

                                  A

                                  AS

                                  one particle with magnetic moment

                                  ldquospin tunerdquo

                                  ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                  s2AS

                                  ring

                                  makes one turn

                                  if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                  sresonances

                                  stable polarizationS

                                  if COn

                                  Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                  EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                  p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                  Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                  Injector cyclotron

                                  COSY

                                  hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Spin Precession

                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                  )()(dt

                                  dEvBBvEd

                                  S

                                  ( rest frame)

                                  dt

                                  dBEd

                                  S

                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                  Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                  A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                  time reversal symmetry (T)

                                  Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                  NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                  An all-in-one machine Protons

                                  E-field only

                                  54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                  5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                  20

                                  40

                                  60

                                  80

                                  100

                                  Proton EDM

                                  E-field (MVm)

                                  radi

                                  us (

                                  m)

                                  r1 E( )

                                  E

                                  r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                  r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                  An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                  E and B fields

                                  55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                  10

                                  20

                                  B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                  Deuteron EDM

                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                  radi

                                  us (

                                  m)

                                  100 200 300 400 50015

                                  10

                                  5

                                  0

                                  B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                  Deuteron EDM

                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                  radi

                                  al E

                                  -fie

                                  ld (

                                  MV

                                  m)

                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                  Technological challenges

                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                  )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                  COSY Concept for Snake

                                  bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                  bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                  bull Cryogen-free system

                                  bull Should be available in 2012

                                  Bdl (Tm)

                                  pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                  3329

                                  PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                  1994

                                  PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                  Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                  13887

                                  ANKE

                                  PAXPAX

                                  ANKE

                                  An all-in-one machine Helions

                                  E and B fields

                                  59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                  10

                                  20

                                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                  Helion EDM

                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                  radi

                                  us (

                                  m)

                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                  10

                                  20

                                  30

                                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                  Helion EDM

                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                  radi

                                  al E

                                  -fie

                                  ld (

                                  MV

                                  m)

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                  Snake

                                  Snake only

                                  Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                  Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                  2

                                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                  Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                  Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                  bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                  bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                  bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                  bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                  2 1010 4 10

                                  10 6 1010

                                  0

                                  02

                                  04

                                  06

                                  08

                                  d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                  n (number of turns)

                                  P(n

                                  )P

                                  (n)

                                  n (number of turns)

                                  dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                  2

                                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                  Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                  PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                  It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                  bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                  bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                  bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                  bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                  Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                  p and d at same momentum

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                  PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                  stored d

                                  RF E-fieldvertical

                                  polarization

                                  spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                  Two situations

                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                  This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                  51011000 ss

                                  growsPP

                                  dropsP

                                  zx

                                  y

                                  22

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                  Constant E-field

                                  Number of turns

                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                  Number of turns

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                  Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                  2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                  Number of turns

                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                  PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                  Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                  E

                                  BBvddt

                                  sd )(

                                  Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                  bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                  bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                  bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                  bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                  bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                  Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                  bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                  Summary

                                  Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                  ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                  ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Spare transparencies

                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                  Momentum vector

                                  bull Lower energy particle

                                  bull hellipjust right

                                  bull Higher energy particle

                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                  2

                                  2

                                  1

                                  1

                                  2

                                  gG

                                  c

                                  EGBG

                                  m

                                  eG

                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                  0 EB

                                  G

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                  11

                                  01

                                  12

                                  G

                                  G

                                  G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                  Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                  G

                                  mp

                                  G 1

                                  1

                                  μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                  Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  spin manipulation

                                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                  snakesCOn

                                  COn

                                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                  spin closed orbit

                                  180o

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Machine acceptance

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                  lost

                                  cooled

                                  targetring acceptance

                                  beam

                                  In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                  the target dominates beam loss

                                  K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                  Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                  COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                  Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                  Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                  IBeam

                                  time

                                  COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                  PAX

                                  Need for a high precision BCT

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                  Status TRI Test at COSY

                                  bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                  Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                  Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                  A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                  D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                  Technological challenges

                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                  Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                  Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                  Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  ParticleAtom

                                  Current EDM Limit

                                  Future Goal

                                  dn equivalent

                                  Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                  199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                  129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                  Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                  Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                  Spin Precession

                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                  )()(dt

                                  dEvBBvEd

                                  S

                                  ( rest frame)

                                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                  dt

                                  dBEd

                                  S

                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                  0G

                                  Edt

                                  s

                                  d

                                  d

                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                  COn

                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                  Polarization not affected

                                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                                  COn

                                  COn

                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                  Simple model

                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                  referenceoscillation

                                  decoherencetime

                                  oscillationcapture

                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                  stored d

                                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                  polarization

                                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                  growsPP

                                  dropsP

                                  zx

                                  y

                                  22

                                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                  Conclusion from simple model

                                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                  dt

                                  dBEd

                                  S

                                  ( rest frame)

                                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                  EDM Cooperation

                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                  International srEDM Network

                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                  DOE-Proposal

                                  Study Group

                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                  Copied from K Jungmann

                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                  Momentum vector

                                  Lower energy particle

                                  hellipjust right

                                  Higher energy particle

                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                  2

                                  2

                                  1

                                  1

                                  2

                                  gG

                                  c

                                  EGBG

                                  m

                                  eG

                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                  0 EB

                                  G

                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                  c

                                  EGBG

                                  m

                                  eG

                                  1

                                  1

                                  2

                                  edmG

                                  0 EB

                                  B

                                  c

                                  E

                                  S

                                  cdedm

                                  Systematic Effects

                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                  2

                                  c

                                  EVsys

                                  R

                                  V

                                  E

                                  E

                                  d

                                  GR

                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                  Radial precession

                                  Needs to be minimized

                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                  EDM Projects

                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                  spin as a function of time

                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                  EDM at COSY

                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                  Juumllich

                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                  Number of turns

                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                  Number of turns

                                  22zx PPP

                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                  17

                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                  18

                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                  Cooled

                                  Uncooled

                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                  19

                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                  Cooled

                                  Uncooled

                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                  t t=Lv

                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                  for one year measurement

                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                  3

                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                  • Layout
                                  • Slide 3
                                  • Slide 4
                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                  • Slide 7
                                  • Slide 8
                                  • Slide 9
                                  • Slide 10
                                  • Slide 11
                                  • Slide 12
                                  • Slide 13
                                  • Slide 14
                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                  • Slide 17
                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                  • Slide 19
                                  • Spin coherence
                                  • Slide 21
                                  • Slide 22
                                  • Slide 23
                                  • Slide 24
                                  • Slide 25
                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                  • Slide 28
                                  • Slide 29
                                  • Summary 2
                                  • Slide 31
                                  • Slide 32
                                  • Slide 33
                                  • Slide 34
                                  • Slide 35
                                  • Slide 36
                                  • Slide 37
                                  • Slide 38
                                  • Slide 39
                                  • Slide 40
                                  • Slide 41
                                  • Slide 42
                                  • Slide 43
                                  • Slide 44
                                  • Slide 45
                                  • spin manipulation
                                  • Slide 47
                                  • Slide 48
                                  • Slide 49
                                  • Spin Precession
                                  • Slide 51
                                  • Slide 52
                                  • Slide 53
                                  • Slide 54
                                  • Slide 55
                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                  • Slide 57
                                  • Slide 58
                                  • Slide 59
                                  • Slide 60
                                  • Slide 61
                                  • Slide 62
                                  • Slide 63
                                  • Slide 64
                                  • Slide 65
                                  • Slide 66
                                  • Slide 67
                                  • Slide 68
                                  • Slide 69
                                  • Slide 70
                                  • Slide 71
                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                  • Slide 74
                                  • Machine acceptance
                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                  • Slide 78
                                  • Slide 79
                                  • Slide 80
                                  • Slide 81
                                  • Slide 82
                                  • Slide 83
                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                  • Slide 86
                                  • Slide 87
                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                  • Slide 89
                                  • Slide 90
                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                  • Systematic Effects
                                  • Slide 93
                                  • Slide 94
                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                  • Slide 97
                                  • Slide 98
                                  • Slide 99
                                  • Slide 100
                                  • Slide 101
                                  • Slide 102
                                  • Slide 103
                                  • Slide 104
                                  • Slide 105
                                  • Slide 106
                                  • Slide 107
                                  • Slide 108
                                  • Slide 109
                                  • Slide 110
                                  • Slide 111

                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                    Simple model

                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                    referenceoscillation

                                    decoherencetime

                                    oscillationcapture

                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                    Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                                    hellip and money

                                    Summary 1

                                    Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                                    reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                                    Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                                    An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                                    But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                    Simple model

                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                    referenceoscillation

                                    decoherencetime

                                    oscillationcapture

                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                    EDM Cooperation

                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                    International srEDM Network

                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                    DOE-Proposal

                                    Study Group

                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                    spin manipulation

                                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                    snakesCOn

                                    COn

                                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                    spin closed orbit

                                    180o

                                    Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                    EDM Cooperation

                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                    International srEDM Network

                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                    DOE-Proposal

                                    Study Group

                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                    polarized beam in ring

                                    A

                                    AS

                                    one particle with magnetic moment

                                    ldquospin tunerdquo

                                    ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                    s2AS

                                    ring

                                    makes one turn

                                    if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                    sresonances

                                    stable polarizationS

                                    if COn

                                    Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                    EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                    p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                    Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                    Injector cyclotron

                                    COSY

                                    hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Spin Precession

                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                    )()(dt

                                    dEvBBvEd

                                    S

                                    ( rest frame)

                                    dt

                                    dBEd

                                    S

                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                    Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                    A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                    time reversal symmetry (T)

                                    Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                    NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                    An all-in-one machine Protons

                                    E-field only

                                    54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                    5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                    20

                                    40

                                    60

                                    80

                                    100

                                    Proton EDM

                                    E-field (MVm)

                                    radi

                                    us (

                                    m)

                                    r1 E( )

                                    E

                                    r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                    r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                    An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                    E and B fields

                                    55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                    10

                                    20

                                    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                    Deuteron EDM

                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                    radi

                                    us (

                                    m)

                                    100 200 300 400 50015

                                    10

                                    5

                                    0

                                    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                    Deuteron EDM

                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                    radi

                                    al E

                                    -fie

                                    ld (

                                    MV

                                    m)

                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                    Technological challenges

                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                    )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                    COSY Concept for Snake

                                    bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                    bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                    bull Cryogen-free system

                                    bull Should be available in 2012

                                    Bdl (Tm)

                                    pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                    3329

                                    PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                    1994

                                    PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                    Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                    13887

                                    ANKE

                                    PAXPAX

                                    ANKE

                                    An all-in-one machine Helions

                                    E and B fields

                                    59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                    10

                                    20

                                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                    Helion EDM

                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                    radi

                                    us (

                                    m)

                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                    10

                                    20

                                    30

                                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                    Helion EDM

                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                    radi

                                    al E

                                    -fie

                                    ld (

                                    MV

                                    m)

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                    Snake

                                    Snake only

                                    Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                    Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                    2

                                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                    Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                    Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                    bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                    bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                    bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                    bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                    2 1010 4 10

                                    10 6 1010

                                    0

                                    02

                                    04

                                    06

                                    08

                                    d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                    n (number of turns)

                                    P(n

                                    )P

                                    (n)

                                    n (number of turns)

                                    dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                    2

                                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                    Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                    PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                    It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                    bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                    bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                    bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                    bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                    Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                    p and d at same momentum

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                    PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                    stored d

                                    RF E-fieldvertical

                                    polarization

                                    spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                    Two situations

                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                    This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                    51011000 ss

                                    growsPP

                                    dropsP

                                    zx

                                    y

                                    22

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                    Constant E-field

                                    Number of turns

                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                    Number of turns

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                    Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                    2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                    Number of turns

                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                    PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                    Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                    E

                                    BBvddt

                                    sd )(

                                    Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                    bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                    bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                    bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                    bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                    bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                    Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                    bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                    Summary

                                    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Spare transparencies

                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                    Momentum vector

                                    bull Lower energy particle

                                    bull hellipjust right

                                    bull Higher energy particle

                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                    2

                                    2

                                    1

                                    1

                                    2

                                    gG

                                    c

                                    EGBG

                                    m

                                    eG

                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                    0 EB

                                    G

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                    11

                                    01

                                    12

                                    G

                                    G

                                    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                    G

                                    mp

                                    G 1

                                    1

                                    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    spin manipulation

                                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                    snakesCOn

                                    COn

                                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                    spin closed orbit

                                    180o

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Machine acceptance

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                    lost

                                    cooled

                                    targetring acceptance

                                    beam

                                    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                    the target dominates beam loss

                                    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                    IBeam

                                    time

                                    COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                    PAX

                                    Need for a high precision BCT

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                    Status TRI Test at COSY

                                    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                    Technological challenges

                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    ParticleAtom

                                    Current EDM Limit

                                    Future Goal

                                    dn equivalent

                                    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                    Spin Precession

                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                    )()(dt

                                    dEvBBvEd

                                    S

                                    ( rest frame)

                                    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                    dt

                                    dBEd

                                    S

                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                    0G

                                    Edt

                                    s

                                    d

                                    d

                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                    COn

                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                    Polarization not affected

                                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                                    COn

                                    COn

                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                    Simple model

                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                    referenceoscillation

                                    decoherencetime

                                    oscillationcapture

                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                    stored d

                                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                    polarization

                                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                    growsPP

                                    dropsP

                                    zx

                                    y

                                    22

                                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                    Conclusion from simple model

                                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                    dt

                                    dBEd

                                    S

                                    ( rest frame)

                                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                    EDM Cooperation

                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                    International srEDM Network

                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                    DOE-Proposal

                                    Study Group

                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                    Copied from K Jungmann

                                    History of neutron EDM limits

                                    Adopted from K Kirch

                                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                    Momentum vector

                                    Lower energy particle

                                    hellipjust right

                                    Higher energy particle

                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                    2

                                    2

                                    1

                                    1

                                    2

                                    gG

                                    c

                                    EGBG

                                    m

                                    eG

                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                    0 EB

                                    G

                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                    c

                                    EGBG

                                    m

                                    eG

                                    1

                                    1

                                    2

                                    edmG

                                    0 EB

                                    B

                                    c

                                    E

                                    S

                                    cdedm

                                    Systematic Effects

                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                    2

                                    c

                                    EVsys

                                    R

                                    V

                                    E

                                    E

                                    d

                                    GR

                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                    Radial precession

                                    Needs to be minimized

                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                    EDM Projects

                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                    spin as a function of time

                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                    EDM at COSY

                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                    Juumllich

                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                    Number of turns

                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                    Number of turns

                                    22zx PPP

                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                    17

                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                    18

                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                    Cooled

                                    Uncooled

                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                    19

                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                    Cooled

                                    Uncooled

                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                    t t=Lv

                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                    for one year measurement

                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                    3

                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                    • Layout
                                    • Slide 3
                                    • Slide 4
                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                    • Slide 7
                                    • Slide 8
                                    • Slide 9
                                    • Slide 10
                                    • Slide 11
                                    • Slide 12
                                    • Slide 13
                                    • Slide 14
                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                    • Slide 17
                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                    • Slide 19
                                    • Spin coherence
                                    • Slide 21
                                    • Slide 22
                                    • Slide 23
                                    • Slide 24
                                    • Slide 25
                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                    • Slide 28
                                    • Slide 29
                                    • Summary 2
                                    • Slide 31
                                    • Slide 32
                                    • Slide 33
                                    • Slide 34
                                    • Slide 35
                                    • Slide 36
                                    • Slide 37
                                    • Slide 38
                                    • Slide 39
                                    • Slide 40
                                    • Slide 41
                                    • Slide 42
                                    • Slide 43
                                    • Slide 44
                                    • Slide 45
                                    • spin manipulation
                                    • Slide 47
                                    • Slide 48
                                    • Slide 49
                                    • Spin Precession
                                    • Slide 51
                                    • Slide 52
                                    • Slide 53
                                    • Slide 54
                                    • Slide 55
                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                    • Slide 57
                                    • Slide 58
                                    • Slide 59
                                    • Slide 60
                                    • Slide 61
                                    • Slide 62
                                    • Slide 63
                                    • Slide 64
                                    • Slide 65
                                    • Slide 66
                                    • Slide 67
                                    • Slide 68
                                    • Slide 69
                                    • Slide 70
                                    • Slide 71
                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                    • Slide 74
                                    • Machine acceptance
                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                    • Slide 78
                                    • Slide 79
                                    • Slide 80
                                    • Slide 81
                                    • Slide 82
                                    • Slide 83
                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                    • Slide 86
                                    • Slide 87
                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                    • Slide 89
                                    • Slide 90
                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                    • Systematic Effects
                                    • Slide 93
                                    • Slide 94
                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                    • Slide 97
                                    • Slide 98
                                    • Slide 99
                                    • Slide 100
                                    • Slide 101
                                    • Slide 102
                                    • Slide 103
                                    • Slide 104
                                    • Slide 105
                                    • Slide 106
                                    • Slide 107
                                    • Slide 108
                                    • Slide 109
                                    • Slide 110
                                    • Slide 111

                                      Itacutes all about systematics ndash stupid

                                      hellip and money

                                      Summary 1

                                      Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                                      reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                                      Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                                      An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                                      But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                      Simple model

                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                      referenceoscillation

                                      decoherencetime

                                      oscillationcapture

                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                      EDM Cooperation

                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                      International srEDM Network

                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                      DOE-Proposal

                                      Study Group

                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                      spin manipulation

                                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                      snakesCOn

                                      COn

                                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                      spin closed orbit

                                      180o

                                      Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                      EDM Cooperation

                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                      International srEDM Network

                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                      DOE-Proposal

                                      Study Group

                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                      polarized beam in ring

                                      A

                                      AS

                                      one particle with magnetic moment

                                      ldquospin tunerdquo

                                      ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                      s2AS

                                      ring

                                      makes one turn

                                      if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                      sresonances

                                      stable polarizationS

                                      if COn

                                      Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                      EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                      p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                      Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                      Injector cyclotron

                                      COSY

                                      hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Spin Precession

                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                      )()(dt

                                      dEvBBvEd

                                      S

                                      ( rest frame)

                                      dt

                                      dBEd

                                      S

                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                      Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                      A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                      time reversal symmetry (T)

                                      Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                      NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                      An all-in-one machine Protons

                                      E-field only

                                      54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                      5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                      20

                                      40

                                      60

                                      80

                                      100

                                      Proton EDM

                                      E-field (MVm)

                                      radi

                                      us (

                                      m)

                                      r1 E( )

                                      E

                                      r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                      r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                      An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                      E and B fields

                                      55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                      10

                                      20

                                      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                      Deuteron EDM

                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                      radi

                                      us (

                                      m)

                                      100 200 300 400 50015

                                      10

                                      5

                                      0

                                      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                      Deuteron EDM

                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                      radi

                                      al E

                                      -fie

                                      ld (

                                      MV

                                      m)

                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                      Technological challenges

                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                      )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                      COSY Concept for Snake

                                      bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                      bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                      bull Cryogen-free system

                                      bull Should be available in 2012

                                      Bdl (Tm)

                                      pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                      3329

                                      PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                      1994

                                      PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                      Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                      13887

                                      ANKE

                                      PAXPAX

                                      ANKE

                                      An all-in-one machine Helions

                                      E and B fields

                                      59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                      10

                                      20

                                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                      Helion EDM

                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                      radi

                                      us (

                                      m)

                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                      10

                                      20

                                      30

                                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                      Helion EDM

                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                      radi

                                      al E

                                      -fie

                                      ld (

                                      MV

                                      m)

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                      Snake

                                      Snake only

                                      Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                      Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                      2

                                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                      Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                      Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                      bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                      bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                      bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                      bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                      2 1010 4 10

                                      10 6 1010

                                      0

                                      02

                                      04

                                      06

                                      08

                                      d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                      n (number of turns)

                                      P(n

                                      )P

                                      (n)

                                      n (number of turns)

                                      dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                      2

                                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                      Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                      PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                      It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                      bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                      bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                      bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                      bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                      Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                      p and d at same momentum

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                      PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                      stored d

                                      RF E-fieldvertical

                                      polarization

                                      spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                      Two situations

                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                      This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                      51011000 ss

                                      growsPP

                                      dropsP

                                      zx

                                      y

                                      22

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                      Constant E-field

                                      Number of turns

                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                      Number of turns

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                      Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                      2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                      Number of turns

                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                      PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                      Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                      E

                                      BBvddt

                                      sd )(

                                      Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                      bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                      bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                      bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                      bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                      bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                      Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                      bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                      Summary

                                      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Spare transparencies

                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                      Momentum vector

                                      bull Lower energy particle

                                      bull hellipjust right

                                      bull Higher energy particle

                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                      2

                                      2

                                      1

                                      1

                                      2

                                      gG

                                      c

                                      EGBG

                                      m

                                      eG

                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                      0 EB

                                      G

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                      11

                                      01

                                      12

                                      G

                                      G

                                      G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                      Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                      G

                                      mp

                                      G 1

                                      1

                                      μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                      Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      spin manipulation

                                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                      snakesCOn

                                      COn

                                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                      spin closed orbit

                                      180o

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Machine acceptance

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                      lost

                                      cooled

                                      targetring acceptance

                                      beam

                                      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                      the target dominates beam loss

                                      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                      IBeam

                                      time

                                      COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                      PAX

                                      Need for a high precision BCT

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                      Status TRI Test at COSY

                                      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                      Technological challenges

                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      ParticleAtom

                                      Current EDM Limit

                                      Future Goal

                                      dn equivalent

                                      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                      Spin Precession

                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                      )()(dt

                                      dEvBBvEd

                                      S

                                      ( rest frame)

                                      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                      dt

                                      dBEd

                                      S

                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                      0G

                                      Edt

                                      s

                                      d

                                      d

                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                      COn

                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                      Polarization not affected

                                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                                      COn

                                      COn

                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                      Simple model

                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                      referenceoscillation

                                      decoherencetime

                                      oscillationcapture

                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                      stored d

                                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                      polarization

                                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                      growsPP

                                      dropsP

                                      zx

                                      y

                                      22

                                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                      Conclusion from simple model

                                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                      dt

                                      dBEd

                                      S

                                      ( rest frame)

                                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                      EDM Cooperation

                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                      International srEDM Network

                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                      DOE-Proposal

                                      Study Group

                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                      Copied from K Jungmann

                                      History of neutron EDM limits

                                      Adopted from K Kirch

                                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                      Momentum vector

                                      Lower energy particle

                                      hellipjust right

                                      Higher energy particle

                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                      2

                                      2

                                      1

                                      1

                                      2

                                      gG

                                      c

                                      EGBG

                                      m

                                      eG

                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                      0 EB

                                      G

                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                      c

                                      EGBG

                                      m

                                      eG

                                      1

                                      1

                                      2

                                      edmG

                                      0 EB

                                      B

                                      c

                                      E

                                      S

                                      cdedm

                                      Systematic Effects

                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                      2

                                      c

                                      EVsys

                                      R

                                      V

                                      E

                                      E

                                      d

                                      GR

                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                      Radial precession

                                      Needs to be minimized

                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                      EDM Projects

                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                      spin as a function of time

                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                      EDM at COSY

                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                      Juumllich

                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                      Number of turns

                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                      Number of turns

                                      22zx PPP

                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                      17

                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                      18

                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                      Cooled

                                      Uncooled

                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                      19

                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                      Cooled

                                      Uncooled

                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                      t t=Lv

                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                      for one year measurement

                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                      3

                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                      • Layout
                                      • Slide 3
                                      • Slide 4
                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                      • Slide 7
                                      • Slide 8
                                      • Slide 9
                                      • Slide 10
                                      • Slide 11
                                      • Slide 12
                                      • Slide 13
                                      • Slide 14
                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                      • Slide 17
                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                      • Slide 19
                                      • Spin coherence
                                      • Slide 21
                                      • Slide 22
                                      • Slide 23
                                      • Slide 24
                                      • Slide 25
                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                      • Slide 28
                                      • Slide 29
                                      • Summary 2
                                      • Slide 31
                                      • Slide 32
                                      • Slide 33
                                      • Slide 34
                                      • Slide 35
                                      • Slide 36
                                      • Slide 37
                                      • Slide 38
                                      • Slide 39
                                      • Slide 40
                                      • Slide 41
                                      • Slide 42
                                      • Slide 43
                                      • Slide 44
                                      • Slide 45
                                      • spin manipulation
                                      • Slide 47
                                      • Slide 48
                                      • Slide 49
                                      • Spin Precession
                                      • Slide 51
                                      • Slide 52
                                      • Slide 53
                                      • Slide 54
                                      • Slide 55
                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                      • Slide 57
                                      • Slide 58
                                      • Slide 59
                                      • Slide 60
                                      • Slide 61
                                      • Slide 62
                                      • Slide 63
                                      • Slide 64
                                      • Slide 65
                                      • Slide 66
                                      • Slide 67
                                      • Slide 68
                                      • Slide 69
                                      • Slide 70
                                      • Slide 71
                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                      • Slide 74
                                      • Machine acceptance
                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                      • Slide 78
                                      • Slide 79
                                      • Slide 80
                                      • Slide 81
                                      • Slide 82
                                      • Slide 83
                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                      • Slide 86
                                      • Slide 87
                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                      • Slide 89
                                      • Slide 90
                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                      • Systematic Effects
                                      • Slide 93
                                      • Slide 94
                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                      • Slide 97
                                      • Slide 98
                                      • Slide 99
                                      • Slide 100
                                      • Slide 101
                                      • Slide 102
                                      • Slide 103
                                      • Slide 104
                                      • Slide 105
                                      • Slide 106
                                      • Slide 107
                                      • Slide 108
                                      • Slide 109
                                      • Slide 110
                                      • Slide 111

                                        Summary 2 The deuteron EDM lt 1 E-24 e cm is within the

                                        reach of COSY supplemented by RFE-flipper (in the single-particle approx)

                                        Similar upper bound is feasible for the proton (if decoherence free energies do exist)

                                        An obviously long way from an ideal ring to the real thing plagued by systematics

                                        But there is an in situ RFB access to sytematics via the magnetic moment of the deuteron (proton)

                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                        Simple model

                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                        referenceoscillation

                                        decoherencetime

                                        oscillationcapture

                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                        EDM Cooperation

                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                        International srEDM Network

                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                        DOE-Proposal

                                        Study Group

                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                        spin manipulation

                                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                        snakesCOn

                                        COn

                                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                        spin closed orbit

                                        180o

                                        Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                        EDM Cooperation

                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                        International srEDM Network

                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                        DOE-Proposal

                                        Study Group

                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                        polarized beam in ring

                                        A

                                        AS

                                        one particle with magnetic moment

                                        ldquospin tunerdquo

                                        ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                        s2AS

                                        ring

                                        makes one turn

                                        if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                        sresonances

                                        stable polarizationS

                                        if COn

                                        Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                        EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                        p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                        Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                        Injector cyclotron

                                        COSY

                                        hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Spin Precession

                                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                        )()(dt

                                        dEvBBvEd

                                        S

                                        ( rest frame)

                                        dt

                                        dBEd

                                        S

                                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                        Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                        A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                        time reversal symmetry (T)

                                        Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                        NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                        An all-in-one machine Protons

                                        E-field only

                                        54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                        5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                        20

                                        40

                                        60

                                        80

                                        100

                                        Proton EDM

                                        E-field (MVm)

                                        radi

                                        us (

                                        m)

                                        r1 E( )

                                        E

                                        r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                        r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                        An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                        E and B fields

                                        55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                        10

                                        20

                                        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                        Deuteron EDM

                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                        radi

                                        us (

                                        m)

                                        100 200 300 400 50015

                                        10

                                        5

                                        0

                                        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                        Deuteron EDM

                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                        radi

                                        al E

                                        -fie

                                        ld (

                                        MV

                                        m)

                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                        Technological challenges

                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                        )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                        COSY Concept for Snake

                                        bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                        bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                        bull Cryogen-free system

                                        bull Should be available in 2012

                                        Bdl (Tm)

                                        pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                        3329

                                        PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                        1994

                                        PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                        Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                        13887

                                        ANKE

                                        PAXPAX

                                        ANKE

                                        An all-in-one machine Helions

                                        E and B fields

                                        59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                        10

                                        20

                                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                        Helion EDM

                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                        radi

                                        us (

                                        m)

                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                        10

                                        20

                                        30

                                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                        Helion EDM

                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                        radi

                                        al E

                                        -fie

                                        ld (

                                        MV

                                        m)

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                        Snake

                                        Snake only

                                        Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                        Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                        2

                                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                        Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                        Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                        bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                        bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                        bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                        bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                        2 1010 4 10

                                        10 6 1010

                                        0

                                        02

                                        04

                                        06

                                        08

                                        d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                        n (number of turns)

                                        P(n

                                        )P

                                        (n)

                                        n (number of turns)

                                        dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                        2

                                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                        Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                        PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                        It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                        bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                        bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                        bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                        bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                        Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                        p and d at same momentum

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                        PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                        stored d

                                        RF E-fieldvertical

                                        polarization

                                        spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                        Two situations

                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                        This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                        51011000 ss

                                        growsPP

                                        dropsP

                                        zx

                                        y

                                        22

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                        Constant E-field

                                        Number of turns

                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                        Number of turns

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                        Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                        2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                        Number of turns

                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                        PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                        Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                        E

                                        BBvddt

                                        sd )(

                                        Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                        bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                        bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                        bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                        bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                        bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                        Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                        bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                        Summary

                                        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Spare transparencies

                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                        Momentum vector

                                        bull Lower energy particle

                                        bull hellipjust right

                                        bull Higher energy particle

                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                        2

                                        2

                                        1

                                        1

                                        2

                                        gG

                                        c

                                        EGBG

                                        m

                                        eG

                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                        0 EB

                                        G

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                        11

                                        01

                                        12

                                        G

                                        G

                                        G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                        Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                        G

                                        mp

                                        G 1

                                        1

                                        μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                        Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        spin manipulation

                                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                        snakesCOn

                                        COn

                                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                        spin closed orbit

                                        180o

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Machine acceptance

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                        lost

                                        cooled

                                        targetring acceptance

                                        beam

                                        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                        the target dominates beam loss

                                        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                        IBeam

                                        time

                                        COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                        PAX

                                        Need for a high precision BCT

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                        Status TRI Test at COSY

                                        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                        Technological challenges

                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        ParticleAtom

                                        Current EDM Limit

                                        Future Goal

                                        dn equivalent

                                        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                        Spin Precession

                                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                        )()(dt

                                        dEvBBvEd

                                        S

                                        ( rest frame)

                                        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                        dt

                                        dBEd

                                        S

                                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                        0G

                                        Edt

                                        s

                                        d

                                        d

                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                        COn

                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                        Polarization not affected

                                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                                        COn

                                        COn

                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                        Simple model

                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                        referenceoscillation

                                        decoherencetime

                                        oscillationcapture

                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                        stored d

                                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                        polarization

                                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                        growsPP

                                        dropsP

                                        zx

                                        y

                                        22

                                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                        Conclusion from simple model

                                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                        dt

                                        dBEd

                                        S

                                        ( rest frame)

                                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                        EDM Cooperation

                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                        International srEDM Network

                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                        DOE-Proposal

                                        Study Group

                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                        Copied from K Jungmann

                                        History of neutron EDM limits

                                        Adopted from K Kirch

                                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                        Momentum vector

                                        Lower energy particle

                                        hellipjust right

                                        Higher energy particle

                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                        2

                                        2

                                        1

                                        1

                                        2

                                        gG

                                        c

                                        EGBG

                                        m

                                        eG

                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                        0 EB

                                        G

                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                        c

                                        EGBG

                                        m

                                        eG

                                        1

                                        1

                                        2

                                        edmG

                                        0 EB

                                        B

                                        c

                                        E

                                        S

                                        cdedm

                                        Systematic Effects

                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                        2

                                        c

                                        EVsys

                                        R

                                        V

                                        E

                                        E

                                        d

                                        GR

                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                        Radial precession

                                        Needs to be minimized

                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                        EDM Projects

                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                        spin as a function of time

                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                        EDM at COSY

                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                        Juumllich

                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                        Number of turns

                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                        Number of turns

                                        22zx PPP

                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                        17

                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                        18

                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                        Cooled

                                        Uncooled

                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                        19

                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                        Cooled

                                        Uncooled

                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                        t t=Lv

                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                        for one year measurement

                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                        3

                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                        • Layout
                                        • Slide 3
                                        • Slide 4
                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                        • Slide 7
                                        • Slide 8
                                        • Slide 9
                                        • Slide 10
                                        • Slide 11
                                        • Slide 12
                                        • Slide 13
                                        • Slide 14
                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                        • Slide 17
                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                        • Slide 19
                                        • Spin coherence
                                        • Slide 21
                                        • Slide 22
                                        • Slide 23
                                        • Slide 24
                                        • Slide 25
                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                        • Slide 28
                                        • Slide 29
                                        • Summary 2
                                        • Slide 31
                                        • Slide 32
                                        • Slide 33
                                        • Slide 34
                                        • Slide 35
                                        • Slide 36
                                        • Slide 37
                                        • Slide 38
                                        • Slide 39
                                        • Slide 40
                                        • Slide 41
                                        • Slide 42
                                        • Slide 43
                                        • Slide 44
                                        • Slide 45
                                        • spin manipulation
                                        • Slide 47
                                        • Slide 48
                                        • Slide 49
                                        • Spin Precession
                                        • Slide 51
                                        • Slide 52
                                        • Slide 53
                                        • Slide 54
                                        • Slide 55
                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                        • Slide 57
                                        • Slide 58
                                        • Slide 59
                                        • Slide 60
                                        • Slide 61
                                        • Slide 62
                                        • Slide 63
                                        • Slide 64
                                        • Slide 65
                                        • Slide 66
                                        • Slide 67
                                        • Slide 68
                                        • Slide 69
                                        • Slide 70
                                        • Slide 71
                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                        • Slide 74
                                        • Machine acceptance
                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                        • Slide 78
                                        • Slide 79
                                        • Slide 80
                                        • Slide 81
                                        • Slide 82
                                        • Slide 83
                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                        • Slide 86
                                        • Slide 87
                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                        • Slide 89
                                        • Slide 90
                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                        • Systematic Effects
                                        • Slide 93
                                        • Slide 94
                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                        • Slide 97
                                        • Slide 98
                                        • Slide 99
                                        • Slide 100
                                        • Slide 101
                                        • Slide 102
                                        • Slide 103
                                        • Slide 104
                                        • Slide 105
                                        • Slide 106
                                        • Slide 107
                                        • Slide 108
                                        • Slide 109
                                        • Slide 110
                                        • Slide 111

                                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                          Simple model

                                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                                          referenceoscillation

                                          decoherencetime

                                          oscillationcapture

                                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                          RF solenoid on off on

                                          EDM Cooperation

                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                          International srEDM Network

                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                          DOE-Proposal

                                          Study Group

                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                          spin manipulation

                                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                          snakesCOn

                                          COn

                                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                          spin closed orbit

                                          180o

                                          Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                          EDM Cooperation

                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                          International srEDM Network

                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                          DOE-Proposal

                                          Study Group

                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                          polarized beam in ring

                                          A

                                          AS

                                          one particle with magnetic moment

                                          ldquospin tunerdquo

                                          ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                          s2AS

                                          ring

                                          makes one turn

                                          if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                          sresonances

                                          stable polarizationS

                                          if COn

                                          Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                          EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                          p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                          Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                          Injector cyclotron

                                          COSY

                                          hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Spin Precession

                                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                          )()(dt

                                          dEvBBvEd

                                          S

                                          ( rest frame)

                                          dt

                                          dBEd

                                          S

                                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                          Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                          A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                          time reversal symmetry (T)

                                          Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                          NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                          An all-in-one machine Protons

                                          E-field only

                                          54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                          5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                          20

                                          40

                                          60

                                          80

                                          100

                                          Proton EDM

                                          E-field (MVm)

                                          radi

                                          us (

                                          m)

                                          r1 E( )

                                          E

                                          r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                          r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                          An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                          E and B fields

                                          55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                          100 200 300 400 5000

                                          10

                                          20

                                          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                          Deuteron EDM

                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                          radi

                                          us (

                                          m)

                                          100 200 300 400 50015

                                          10

                                          5

                                          0

                                          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                          Deuteron EDM

                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                          radi

                                          al E

                                          -fie

                                          ld (

                                          MV

                                          m)

                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                          Technological challenges

                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                          )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                          COSY Concept for Snake

                                          bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                          bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                          bull Cryogen-free system

                                          bull Should be available in 2012

                                          Bdl (Tm)

                                          pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                          3329

                                          PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                          1994

                                          PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                          Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                          13887

                                          ANKE

                                          PAXPAX

                                          ANKE

                                          An all-in-one machine Helions

                                          E and B fields

                                          59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                          100 200 300 400 5000

                                          10

                                          20

                                          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                          Helion EDM

                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                          radi

                                          us (

                                          m)

                                          100 200 300 400 5000

                                          10

                                          20

                                          30

                                          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                          Helion EDM

                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                          radi

                                          al E

                                          -fie

                                          ld (

                                          MV

                                          m)

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                          Snake

                                          Snake only

                                          Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                          Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                          2

                                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                          Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                          Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                          bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                          bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                          bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                          bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                          2 1010 4 10

                                          10 6 1010

                                          0

                                          02

                                          04

                                          06

                                          08

                                          d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                          n (number of turns)

                                          P(n

                                          )P

                                          (n)

                                          n (number of turns)

                                          dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                          2

                                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                          Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                          PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                          It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                          bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                          bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                          bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                          bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                          Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                          p and d at same momentum

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                          PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                          stored d

                                          RF E-fieldvertical

                                          polarization

                                          spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                          Two situations

                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                          This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                          51011000 ss

                                          growsPP

                                          dropsP

                                          zx

                                          y

                                          22

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                          Constant E-field

                                          Number of turns

                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                          Number of turns

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                          Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                          2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                          Number of turns

                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                          PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                          Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                          E

                                          BBvddt

                                          sd )(

                                          Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                          bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                          bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                          bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                          bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                          bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                          Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                          bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                          Summary

                                          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Spare transparencies

                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                          Momentum vector

                                          bull Lower energy particle

                                          bull hellipjust right

                                          bull Higher energy particle

                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                          2

                                          2

                                          1

                                          1

                                          2

                                          gG

                                          c

                                          EGBG

                                          m

                                          eG

                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                          0 EB

                                          G

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                          11

                                          01

                                          12

                                          G

                                          G

                                          G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                          Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                          G

                                          mp

                                          G 1

                                          1

                                          μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                          Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          spin manipulation

                                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                          snakesCOn

                                          COn

                                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                          spin closed orbit

                                          180o

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Machine acceptance

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                          lost

                                          cooled

                                          targetring acceptance

                                          beam

                                          In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                          the target dominates beam loss

                                          K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                          IBeam

                                          time

                                          COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                          PAX

                                          Need for a high precision BCT

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                          Status TRI Test at COSY

                                          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                          Technological challenges

                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          ParticleAtom

                                          Current EDM Limit

                                          Future Goal

                                          dn equivalent

                                          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                          Spin Precession

                                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                          )()(dt

                                          dEvBBvEd

                                          S

                                          ( rest frame)

                                          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                          dt

                                          dBEd

                                          S

                                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                          0G

                                          Edt

                                          s

                                          d

                                          d

                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                          COn

                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                          Polarization not affected

                                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                                          COn

                                          COn

                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                          Simple model

                                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                                          referenceoscillation

                                          decoherencetime

                                          oscillationcapture

                                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                          RF solenoid on off on

                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                          stored d

                                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                          polarization

                                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                          growsPP

                                          dropsP

                                          zx

                                          y

                                          22

                                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                          Conclusion from simple model

                                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                          dt

                                          dBEd

                                          S

                                          ( rest frame)

                                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                          EDM Cooperation

                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                          International srEDM Network

                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                          DOE-Proposal

                                          Study Group

                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                          Copied from K Jungmann

                                          History of neutron EDM limits

                                          Adopted from K Kirch

                                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                          Momentum vector

                                          Lower energy particle

                                          hellipjust right

                                          Higher energy particle

                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                          2

                                          2

                                          1

                                          1

                                          2

                                          gG

                                          c

                                          EGBG

                                          m

                                          eG

                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                          0 EB

                                          G

                                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                          c

                                          EGBG

                                          m

                                          eG

                                          1

                                          1

                                          2

                                          edmG

                                          0 EB

                                          B

                                          c

                                          E

                                          S

                                          cdedm

                                          Systematic Effects

                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                          2

                                          c

                                          EVsys

                                          R

                                          V

                                          E

                                          E

                                          d

                                          GR

                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                          Radial precession

                                          Needs to be minimized

                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                          EDM Projects

                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                          spin as a function of time

                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                          EDM at COSY

                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                          Juumllich

                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                          Number of turns

                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                          Number of turns

                                          22zx PPP

                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                          17

                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                          18

                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                          Cooled

                                          Uncooled

                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                          19

                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                          Cooled

                                          Uncooled

                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                          t t=Lv

                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                          for one year measurement

                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                          3

                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                          • Layout
                                          • Slide 3
                                          • Slide 4
                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                          • Slide 7
                                          • Slide 8
                                          • Slide 9
                                          • Slide 10
                                          • Slide 11
                                          • Slide 12
                                          • Slide 13
                                          • Slide 14
                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                          • Slide 17
                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                          • Slide 19
                                          • Spin coherence
                                          • Slide 21
                                          • Slide 22
                                          • Slide 23
                                          • Slide 24
                                          • Slide 25
                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                          • Slide 28
                                          • Slide 29
                                          • Summary 2
                                          • Slide 31
                                          • Slide 32
                                          • Slide 33
                                          • Slide 34
                                          • Slide 35
                                          • Slide 36
                                          • Slide 37
                                          • Slide 38
                                          • Slide 39
                                          • Slide 40
                                          • Slide 41
                                          • Slide 42
                                          • Slide 43
                                          • Slide 44
                                          • Slide 45
                                          • spin manipulation
                                          • Slide 47
                                          • Slide 48
                                          • Slide 49
                                          • Spin Precession
                                          • Slide 51
                                          • Slide 52
                                          • Slide 53
                                          • Slide 54
                                          • Slide 55
                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                          • Slide 57
                                          • Slide 58
                                          • Slide 59
                                          • Slide 60
                                          • Slide 61
                                          • Slide 62
                                          • Slide 63
                                          • Slide 64
                                          • Slide 65
                                          • Slide 66
                                          • Slide 67
                                          • Slide 68
                                          • Slide 69
                                          • Slide 70
                                          • Slide 71
                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                          • Slide 74
                                          • Machine acceptance
                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                          • Slide 78
                                          • Slide 79
                                          • Slide 80
                                          • Slide 81
                                          • Slide 82
                                          • Slide 83
                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                          • Slide 86
                                          • Slide 87
                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                          • Slide 89
                                          • Slide 90
                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                          • Systematic Effects
                                          • Slide 93
                                          • Slide 94
                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                          • Slide 97
                                          • Slide 98
                                          • Slide 99
                                          • Slide 100
                                          • Slide 101
                                          • Slide 102
                                          • Slide 103
                                          • Slide 104
                                          • Slide 105
                                          • Slide 106
                                          • Slide 107
                                          • Slide 108
                                          • Slide 109
                                          • Slide 110
                                          • Slide 111

                                            EDM Cooperation

                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                            International srEDM Network

                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                            DOE-Proposal

                                            Study Group

                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                            spin manipulation

                                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                            snakesCOn

                                            COn

                                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                            spin closed orbit

                                            180o

                                            Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                            EDM Cooperation

                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                            International srEDM Network

                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                            DOE-Proposal

                                            Study Group

                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                            polarized beam in ring

                                            A

                                            AS

                                            one particle with magnetic moment

                                            ldquospin tunerdquo

                                            ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                            s2AS

                                            ring

                                            makes one turn

                                            if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                            sresonances

                                            stable polarizationS

                                            if COn

                                            Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                            EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                            p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                            Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                            Injector cyclotron

                                            COSY

                                            hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Spin Precession

                                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                            )()(dt

                                            dEvBBvEd

                                            S

                                            ( rest frame)

                                            dt

                                            dBEd

                                            S

                                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                            Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                            A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                            time reversal symmetry (T)

                                            Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                            NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                            An all-in-one machine Protons

                                            E-field only

                                            54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                            5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                            20

                                            40

                                            60

                                            80

                                            100

                                            Proton EDM

                                            E-field (MVm)

                                            radi

                                            us (

                                            m)

                                            r1 E( )

                                            E

                                            r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                            r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                            An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                            E and B fields

                                            55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                            100 200 300 400 5000

                                            10

                                            20

                                            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                            Deuteron EDM

                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                            radi

                                            us (

                                            m)

                                            100 200 300 400 50015

                                            10

                                            5

                                            0

                                            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                            Deuteron EDM

                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                            radi

                                            al E

                                            -fie

                                            ld (

                                            MV

                                            m)

                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                            Technological challenges

                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                            )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                            COSY Concept for Snake

                                            bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                            bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                            bull Cryogen-free system

                                            bull Should be available in 2012

                                            Bdl (Tm)

                                            pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                            3329

                                            PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                            1994

                                            PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                            Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                            13887

                                            ANKE

                                            PAXPAX

                                            ANKE

                                            An all-in-one machine Helions

                                            E and B fields

                                            59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                            100 200 300 400 5000

                                            10

                                            20

                                            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                            Helion EDM

                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                            radi

                                            us (

                                            m)

                                            100 200 300 400 5000

                                            10

                                            20

                                            30

                                            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                            Helion EDM

                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                            radi

                                            al E

                                            -fie

                                            ld (

                                            MV

                                            m)

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                            Snake

                                            Snake only

                                            Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                            Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                            2

                                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                            Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                            Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                            bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                            bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                            bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                            bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                            2 1010 4 10

                                            10 6 1010

                                            0

                                            02

                                            04

                                            06

                                            08

                                            d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                            n (number of turns)

                                            P(n

                                            )P

                                            (n)

                                            n (number of turns)

                                            dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                            2

                                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                            Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                            PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                            It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                            bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                            bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                            bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                            bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                            Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                            p and d at same momentum

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                            PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                            stored d

                                            RF E-fieldvertical

                                            polarization

                                            spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                            Two situations

                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                            This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                            51011000 ss

                                            growsPP

                                            dropsP

                                            zx

                                            y

                                            22

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                            Constant E-field

                                            Number of turns

                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                            Number of turns

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                            Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                            2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                            Number of turns

                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                            PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                            Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                            E

                                            BBvddt

                                            sd )(

                                            Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                            bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                            bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                            bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                            bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                            bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                            Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                            bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                            Summary

                                            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Spare transparencies

                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                            Momentum vector

                                            bull Lower energy particle

                                            bull hellipjust right

                                            bull Higher energy particle

                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                            2

                                            2

                                            1

                                            1

                                            2

                                            gG

                                            c

                                            EGBG

                                            m

                                            eG

                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                            0 EB

                                            G

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                            11

                                            01

                                            12

                                            G

                                            G

                                            G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                            Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                            G

                                            mp

                                            G 1

                                            1

                                            μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                            Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            spin manipulation

                                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                            snakesCOn

                                            COn

                                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                            spin closed orbit

                                            180o

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Machine acceptance

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                            lost

                                            cooled

                                            targetring acceptance

                                            beam

                                            In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                            the target dominates beam loss

                                            K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                            Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                            COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                            Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                            Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                            IBeam

                                            time

                                            COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                            PAX

                                            Need for a high precision BCT

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                            Status TRI Test at COSY

                                            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                            Technological challenges

                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            ParticleAtom

                                            Current EDM Limit

                                            Future Goal

                                            dn equivalent

                                            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                            Spin Precession

                                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                            )()(dt

                                            dEvBBvEd

                                            S

                                            ( rest frame)

                                            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                            dt

                                            dBEd

                                            S

                                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                            0G

                                            Edt

                                            s

                                            d

                                            d

                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                            COn

                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                            Polarization not affected

                                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                                            COn

                                            COn

                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                            Simple model

                                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                                            referenceoscillation

                                            decoherencetime

                                            oscillationcapture

                                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                            RF solenoid on off on

                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                            stored d

                                            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                            polarization

                                            Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                            growsPP

                                            dropsP

                                            zx

                                            y

                                            22

                                            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                            Conclusion from simple model

                                            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                            dt

                                            dBEd

                                            S

                                            ( rest frame)

                                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                            EDM Cooperation

                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                            International srEDM Network

                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                            DOE-Proposal

                                            Study Group

                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                            Copied from K Jungmann

                                            History of neutron EDM limits

                                            Adopted from K Kirch

                                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                            Momentum vector

                                            Lower energy particle

                                            hellipjust right

                                            Higher energy particle

                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                            2

                                            2

                                            1

                                            1

                                            2

                                            gG

                                            c

                                            EGBG

                                            m

                                            eG

                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                            0 EB

                                            G

                                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                            c

                                            EGBG

                                            m

                                            eG

                                            1

                                            1

                                            2

                                            edmG

                                            0 EB

                                            B

                                            c

                                            E

                                            S

                                            cdedm

                                            Systematic Effects

                                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                            2

                                            c

                                            EVsys

                                            R

                                            V

                                            E

                                            E

                                            d

                                            GR

                                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                            Radial precession

                                            Needs to be minimized

                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                            EDM Projects

                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                            spin as a function of time

                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                            EDM at COSY

                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                            Juumllich

                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                            Number of turns

                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                            Number of turns

                                            22zx PPP

                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                            17

                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                            18

                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                            Cooled

                                            Uncooled

                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                            19

                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                            Cooled

                                            Uncooled

                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                            t t=Lv

                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                            for one year measurement

                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                            3

                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                            • Layout
                                            • Slide 3
                                            • Slide 4
                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                            • Slide 7
                                            • Slide 8
                                            • Slide 9
                                            • Slide 10
                                            • Slide 11
                                            • Slide 12
                                            • Slide 13
                                            • Slide 14
                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                            • Slide 17
                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                            • Slide 19
                                            • Spin coherence
                                            • Slide 21
                                            • Slide 22
                                            • Slide 23
                                            • Slide 24
                                            • Slide 25
                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                            • Slide 28
                                            • Slide 29
                                            • Summary 2
                                            • Slide 31
                                            • Slide 32
                                            • Slide 33
                                            • Slide 34
                                            • Slide 35
                                            • Slide 36
                                            • Slide 37
                                            • Slide 38
                                            • Slide 39
                                            • Slide 40
                                            • Slide 41
                                            • Slide 42
                                            • Slide 43
                                            • Slide 44
                                            • Slide 45
                                            • spin manipulation
                                            • Slide 47
                                            • Slide 48
                                            • Slide 49
                                            • Spin Precession
                                            • Slide 51
                                            • Slide 52
                                            • Slide 53
                                            • Slide 54
                                            • Slide 55
                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                            • Slide 57
                                            • Slide 58
                                            • Slide 59
                                            • Slide 60
                                            • Slide 61
                                            • Slide 62
                                            • Slide 63
                                            • Slide 64
                                            • Slide 65
                                            • Slide 66
                                            • Slide 67
                                            • Slide 68
                                            • Slide 69
                                            • Slide 70
                                            • Slide 71
                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                            • Slide 74
                                            • Machine acceptance
                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                            • Slide 78
                                            • Slide 79
                                            • Slide 80
                                            • Slide 81
                                            • Slide 82
                                            • Slide 83
                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                            • Slide 86
                                            • Slide 87
                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                            • Slide 89
                                            • Slide 90
                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                            • Systematic Effects
                                            • Slide 93
                                            • Slide 94
                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                            • Slide 97
                                            • Slide 98
                                            • Slide 99
                                            • Slide 100
                                            • Slide 101
                                            • Slide 102
                                            • Slide 103
                                            • Slide 104
                                            • Slide 105
                                            • Slide 106
                                            • Slide 107
                                            • Slide 108
                                            • Slide 109
                                            • Slide 110
                                            • Slide 111

                                              spin manipulation

                                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                              snakesCOn

                                              COn

                                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                              spin closed orbit

                                              180o

                                              Frank Rathmann 4619th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                              EDM Cooperation

                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                              International srEDM Network

                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                              DOE-Proposal

                                              Study Group

                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                              polarized beam in ring

                                              A

                                              AS

                                              one particle with magnetic moment

                                              ldquospin tunerdquo

                                              ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                              s2AS

                                              ring

                                              makes one turn

                                              if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                              sresonances

                                              stable polarizationS

                                              if COn

                                              Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                              EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                              p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                              Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                              Injector cyclotron

                                              COSY

                                              hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Spin Precession

                                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                              )()(dt

                                              dEvBBvEd

                                              S

                                              ( rest frame)

                                              dt

                                              dBEd

                                              S

                                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                              Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                              A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                              time reversal symmetry (T)

                                              Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                              NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                              An all-in-one machine Protons

                                              E-field only

                                              54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                              5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                              20

                                              40

                                              60

                                              80

                                              100

                                              Proton EDM

                                              E-field (MVm)

                                              radi

                                              us (

                                              m)

                                              r1 E( )

                                              E

                                              r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                              r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                              An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                              E and B fields

                                              55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                              100 200 300 400 5000

                                              10

                                              20

                                              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                              Deuteron EDM

                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                              radi

                                              us (

                                              m)

                                              100 200 300 400 50015

                                              10

                                              5

                                              0

                                              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                              Deuteron EDM

                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                              radi

                                              al E

                                              -fie

                                              ld (

                                              MV

                                              m)

                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                              Technological challenges

                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                              )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                              COSY Concept for Snake

                                              bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                              bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                              bull Cryogen-free system

                                              bull Should be available in 2012

                                              Bdl (Tm)

                                              pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                              3329

                                              PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                              1994

                                              PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                              Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                              13887

                                              ANKE

                                              PAXPAX

                                              ANKE

                                              An all-in-one machine Helions

                                              E and B fields

                                              59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                              100 200 300 400 5000

                                              10

                                              20

                                              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                              Helion EDM

                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                              radi

                                              us (

                                              m)

                                              100 200 300 400 5000

                                              10

                                              20

                                              30

                                              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                              Helion EDM

                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                              radi

                                              al E

                                              -fie

                                              ld (

                                              MV

                                              m)

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                              Snake

                                              Snake only

                                              Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                              Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                              2

                                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                              Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                              Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                              bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                              bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                              bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                              bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                              2 1010 4 10

                                              10 6 1010

                                              0

                                              02

                                              04

                                              06

                                              08

                                              d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                              n (number of turns)

                                              P(n

                                              )P

                                              (n)

                                              n (number of turns)

                                              dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                              2

                                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                              Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                              PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                              It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                              bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                              bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                              bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                              bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                              Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                              p and d at same momentum

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                              PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                              stored d

                                              RF E-fieldvertical

                                              polarization

                                              spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                              Two situations

                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                              This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                              51011000 ss

                                              growsPP

                                              dropsP

                                              zx

                                              y

                                              22

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                              Constant E-field

                                              Number of turns

                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                              Number of turns

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                              Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                              2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                              Number of turns

                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                              PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                              Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                              E

                                              BBvddt

                                              sd )(

                                              Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                              bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                              bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                              bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                              bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                              bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                              Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                              bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                              Summary

                                              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Spare transparencies

                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                              Momentum vector

                                              bull Lower energy particle

                                              bull hellipjust right

                                              bull Higher energy particle

                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                              2

                                              2

                                              1

                                              1

                                              2

                                              gG

                                              c

                                              EGBG

                                              m

                                              eG

                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                              0 EB

                                              G

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                              11

                                              01

                                              12

                                              G

                                              G

                                              G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                              Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                              G

                                              mp

                                              G 1

                                              1

                                              μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                              Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              spin manipulation

                                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                              snakesCOn

                                              COn

                                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                              spin closed orbit

                                              180o

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Machine acceptance

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                              lost

                                              cooled

                                              targetring acceptance

                                              beam

                                              In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                              the target dominates beam loss

                                              K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                              Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                              COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                              Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                              Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                              IBeam

                                              time

                                              COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                              PAX

                                              Need for a high precision BCT

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                              Status TRI Test at COSY

                                              bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                              Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                              Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                              A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                              D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                              Technological challenges

                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              ParticleAtom

                                              Current EDM Limit

                                              Future Goal

                                              dn equivalent

                                              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                              Spin Precession

                                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                              )()(dt

                                              dEvBBvEd

                                              S

                                              ( rest frame)

                                              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                              dt

                                              dBEd

                                              S

                                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                              0G

                                              Edt

                                              s

                                              d

                                              d

                                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                              COn

                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                              Polarization not affected

                                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                                              COn

                                              COn

                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                              Simple model

                                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                                              referenceoscillation

                                              decoherencetime

                                              oscillationcapture

                                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                              RF solenoid on off on

                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                              stored d

                                              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                              polarization

                                              Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                              growsPP

                                              dropsP

                                              zx

                                              y

                                              22

                                              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                              Conclusion from simple model

                                              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                              dt

                                              dBEd

                                              S

                                              ( rest frame)

                                              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                              EDM Cooperation

                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                              International srEDM Network

                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                              DOE-Proposal

                                              Study Group

                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                              Copied from K Jungmann

                                              History of neutron EDM limits

                                              Adopted from K Kirch

                                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                              Momentum vector

                                              Lower energy particle

                                              hellipjust right

                                              Higher energy particle

                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                              2

                                              2

                                              1

                                              1

                                              2

                                              gG

                                              c

                                              EGBG

                                              m

                                              eG

                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                              0 EB

                                              G

                                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                              c

                                              EGBG

                                              m

                                              eG

                                              1

                                              1

                                              2

                                              edmG

                                              0 EB

                                              B

                                              c

                                              E

                                              S

                                              cdedm

                                              Systematic Effects

                                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                              2

                                              c

                                              EVsys

                                              R

                                              V

                                              E

                                              E

                                              d

                                              GR

                                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                              Radial precession

                                              Needs to be minimized

                                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                              EDM Projects

                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                              spin as a function of time

                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                              EDM at COSY

                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                              Juumllich

                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                              Number of turns

                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                              Number of turns

                                              22zx PPP

                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                              17

                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                              18

                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                              Cooled

                                              Uncooled

                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                              19

                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                              Cooled

                                              Uncooled

                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                              t t=Lv

                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                              for one year measurement

                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                              3

                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                              • Layout
                                              • Slide 3
                                              • Slide 4
                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                              • Slide 7
                                              • Slide 8
                                              • Slide 9
                                              • Slide 10
                                              • Slide 11
                                              • Slide 12
                                              • Slide 13
                                              • Slide 14
                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                              • Slide 17
                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                              • Slide 19
                                              • Spin coherence
                                              • Slide 21
                                              • Slide 22
                                              • Slide 23
                                              • Slide 24
                                              • Slide 25
                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                              • Slide 28
                                              • Slide 29
                                              • Summary 2
                                              • Slide 31
                                              • Slide 32
                                              • Slide 33
                                              • Slide 34
                                              • Slide 35
                                              • Slide 36
                                              • Slide 37
                                              • Slide 38
                                              • Slide 39
                                              • Slide 40
                                              • Slide 41
                                              • Slide 42
                                              • Slide 43
                                              • Slide 44
                                              • Slide 45
                                              • spin manipulation
                                              • Slide 47
                                              • Slide 48
                                              • Slide 49
                                              • Spin Precession
                                              • Slide 51
                                              • Slide 52
                                              • Slide 53
                                              • Slide 54
                                              • Slide 55
                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                              • Slide 57
                                              • Slide 58
                                              • Slide 59
                                              • Slide 60
                                              • Slide 61
                                              • Slide 62
                                              • Slide 63
                                              • Slide 64
                                              • Slide 65
                                              • Slide 66
                                              • Slide 67
                                              • Slide 68
                                              • Slide 69
                                              • Slide 70
                                              • Slide 71
                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                              • Slide 74
                                              • Machine acceptance
                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                              • Slide 78
                                              • Slide 79
                                              • Slide 80
                                              • Slide 81
                                              • Slide 82
                                              • Slide 83
                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                              • Slide 86
                                              • Slide 87
                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                              • Slide 89
                                              • Slide 90
                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                              • Systematic Effects
                                              • Slide 93
                                              • Slide 94
                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                              • Slide 97
                                              • Slide 98
                                              • Slide 99
                                              • Slide 100
                                              • Slide 101
                                              • Slide 102
                                              • Slide 103
                                              • Slide 104
                                              • Slide 105
                                              • Slide 106
                                              • Slide 107
                                              • Slide 108
                                              • Slide 109
                                              • Slide 110
                                              • Slide 111

                                                EDM Cooperation

                                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                International srEDM Network

                                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                DOE-Proposal

                                                Study Group

                                                Precursor Ring Design

                                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                polarized beam in ring

                                                A

                                                AS

                                                one particle with magnetic moment

                                                ldquospin tunerdquo

                                                ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                                s2AS

                                                ring

                                                makes one turn

                                                if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                                sresonances

                                                stable polarizationS

                                                if COn

                                                Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                                p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                                Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                                Injector cyclotron

                                                COSY

                                                hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Spin Precession

                                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                )()(dt

                                                dEvBBvEd

                                                S

                                                ( rest frame)

                                                dt

                                                dBEd

                                                S

                                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                                A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                                time reversal symmetry (T)

                                                Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                E-field only

                                                54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                20

                                                40

                                                60

                                                80

                                                100

                                                Proton EDM

                                                E-field (MVm)

                                                radi

                                                us (

                                                m)

                                                r1 E( )

                                                E

                                                r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                E and B fields

                                                55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                                10

                                                20

                                                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                Deuteron EDM

                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                radi

                                                us (

                                                m)

                                                100 200 300 400 50015

                                                10

                                                5

                                                0

                                                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                Deuteron EDM

                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                radi

                                                al E

                                                -fie

                                                ld (

                                                MV

                                                m)

                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                Technological challenges

                                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                COSY Concept for Snake

                                                bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                bull Cryogen-free system

                                                bull Should be available in 2012

                                                Bdl (Tm)

                                                pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                3329

                                                PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                1994

                                                PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                13887

                                                ANKE

                                                PAXPAX

                                                ANKE

                                                An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                E and B fields

                                                59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                                10

                                                20

                                                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                Helion EDM

                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                radi

                                                us (

                                                m)

                                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                                10

                                                20

                                                30

                                                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                Helion EDM

                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                radi

                                                al E

                                                -fie

                                                ld (

                                                MV

                                                m)

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                Snake

                                                Snake only

                                                Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                2

                                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                2 1010 4 10

                                                10 6 1010

                                                0

                                                02

                                                04

                                                06

                                                08

                                                d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                n (number of turns)

                                                P(n

                                                )P

                                                (n)

                                                n (number of turns)

                                                dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                2

                                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                p and d at same momentum

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                stored d

                                                RF E-fieldvertical

                                                polarization

                                                spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                Two situations

                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                51011000 ss

                                                growsPP

                                                dropsP

                                                zx

                                                y

                                                22

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                Constant E-field

                                                Number of turns

                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                Number of turns

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                Number of turns

                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                E

                                                BBvddt

                                                sd )(

                                                Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                Summary

                                                Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Spare transparencies

                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                Momentum vector

                                                bull Lower energy particle

                                                bull hellipjust right

                                                bull Higher energy particle

                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                2

                                                2

                                                1

                                                1

                                                2

                                                gG

                                                c

                                                EGBG

                                                m

                                                eG

                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                0 EB

                                                G

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                11

                                                01

                                                12

                                                G

                                                G

                                                G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                G

                                                mp

                                                G 1

                                                1

                                                μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                spin manipulation

                                                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                snakesCOn

                                                COn

                                                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                spin closed orbit

                                                180o

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Machine acceptance

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                lost

                                                cooled

                                                targetring acceptance

                                                beam

                                                In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                the target dominates beam loss

                                                K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                IBeam

                                                time

                                                COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                PAX

                                                Need for a high precision BCT

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                Technological challenges

                                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                                Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                ParticleAtom

                                                Current EDM Limit

                                                Future Goal

                                                dn equivalent

                                                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                Spin Precession

                                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                )()(dt

                                                dEvBBvEd

                                                S

                                                ( rest frame)

                                                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                dt

                                                dBEd

                                                S

                                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                0G

                                                Edt

                                                s

                                                d

                                                d

                                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                COn

                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                Polarization not affected

                                                Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                COn

                                                COn

                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                Simple model

                                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                referenceoscillation

                                                decoherencetime

                                                oscillationcapture

                                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                RF solenoid on off on

                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                stored d

                                                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                polarization

                                                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                growsPP

                                                dropsP

                                                zx

                                                y

                                                22

                                                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                Conclusion from simple model

                                                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                dt

                                                dBEd

                                                S

                                                ( rest frame)

                                                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                EDM Cooperation

                                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                International srEDM Network

                                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                DOE-Proposal

                                                Study Group

                                                Precursor Ring Design

                                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                Momentum vector

                                                Lower energy particle

                                                hellipjust right

                                                Higher energy particle

                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                2

                                                2

                                                1

                                                1

                                                2

                                                gG

                                                c

                                                EGBG

                                                m

                                                eG

                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                0 EB

                                                G

                                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                c

                                                EGBG

                                                m

                                                eG

                                                1

                                                1

                                                2

                                                edmG

                                                0 EB

                                                B

                                                c

                                                E

                                                S

                                                cdedm

                                                Systematic Effects

                                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                2

                                                c

                                                EVsys

                                                R

                                                V

                                                E

                                                E

                                                d

                                                GR

                                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                Radial precession

                                                Needs to be minimized

                                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                EDM Projects

                                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                Internal Polarimeter

                                                spin as a function of time

                                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                EDM at COSY

                                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                Spin Coherence Time

                                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                Beam Position Monitor

                                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                BNLRHIC IP

                                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                Juumllich

                                                Proton EDMBNL

                                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                Number of turns

                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                Number of turns

                                                22zx PPP

                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                17

                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                18

                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                Cooled

                                                Uncooled

                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                19

                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                Cooled

                                                Uncooled

                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                t t=Lv

                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                for one year measurement

                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                3

                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                • Layout
                                                • Slide 3
                                                • Slide 4
                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                • Slide 7
                                                • Slide 8
                                                • Slide 9
                                                • Slide 10
                                                • Slide 11
                                                • Slide 12
                                                • Slide 13
                                                • Slide 14
                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                • Slide 17
                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                • Slide 19
                                                • Spin coherence
                                                • Slide 21
                                                • Slide 22
                                                • Slide 23
                                                • Slide 24
                                                • Slide 25
                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                • Slide 28
                                                • Slide 29
                                                • Summary 2
                                                • Slide 31
                                                • Slide 32
                                                • Slide 33
                                                • Slide 34
                                                • Slide 35
                                                • Slide 36
                                                • Slide 37
                                                • Slide 38
                                                • Slide 39
                                                • Slide 40
                                                • Slide 41
                                                • Slide 42
                                                • Slide 43
                                                • Slide 44
                                                • Slide 45
                                                • spin manipulation
                                                • Slide 47
                                                • Slide 48
                                                • Slide 49
                                                • Spin Precession
                                                • Slide 51
                                                • Slide 52
                                                • Slide 53
                                                • Slide 54
                                                • Slide 55
                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                • Slide 57
                                                • Slide 58
                                                • Slide 59
                                                • Slide 60
                                                • Slide 61
                                                • Slide 62
                                                • Slide 63
                                                • Slide 64
                                                • Slide 65
                                                • Slide 66
                                                • Slide 67
                                                • Slide 68
                                                • Slide 69
                                                • Slide 70
                                                • Slide 71
                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                • Slide 74
                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                • Slide 78
                                                • Slide 79
                                                • Slide 80
                                                • Slide 81
                                                • Slide 82
                                                • Slide 83
                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                • Slide 86
                                                • Slide 87
                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                • Slide 89
                                                • Slide 90
                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                • Slide 93
                                                • Slide 94
                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                • Slide 97
                                                • Slide 98
                                                • Slide 99
                                                • Slide 100
                                                • Slide 101
                                                • Slide 102
                                                • Slide 103
                                                • Slide 104
                                                • Slide 105
                                                • Slide 106
                                                • Slide 107
                                                • Slide 108
                                                • Slide 109
                                                • Slide 110
                                                • Slide 111

                                                  polarized beam in ring

                                                  A

                                                  AS

                                                  one particle with magnetic moment

                                                  ldquospin tunerdquo

                                                  ldquospin closed orbit vectorrdquoCOn

                                                  s2AS

                                                  ring

                                                  makes one turn

                                                  if is simple fraction of periodic perturbing precession kick frequency

                                                  sresonances

                                                  stable polarizationS

                                                  if COn

                                                  Frank Rathmann 4819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                  EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                                  p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                                  Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                                  Injector cyclotron

                                                  COSY

                                                  hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Spin Precession

                                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                  )()(dt

                                                  dEvBBvEd

                                                  S

                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                  dt

                                                  dBEd

                                                  S

                                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                  Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                                  A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                                  time reversal symmetry (T)

                                                  Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                  NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                  An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                  E-field only

                                                  54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                  5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                  20

                                                  40

                                                  60

                                                  80

                                                  100

                                                  Proton EDM

                                                  E-field (MVm)

                                                  radi

                                                  us (

                                                  m)

                                                  r1 E( )

                                                  E

                                                  r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                  r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                  An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                  E and B fields

                                                  55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                                  10

                                                  20

                                                  B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                  Deuteron EDM

                                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                  radi

                                                  us (

                                                  m)

                                                  100 200 300 400 50015

                                                  10

                                                  5

                                                  0

                                                  B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                  Deuteron EDM

                                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                  radi

                                                  al E

                                                  -fie

                                                  ld (

                                                  MV

                                                  m)

                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                  Technological challenges

                                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                  )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                  COSY Concept for Snake

                                                  bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                  bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                  bull Cryogen-free system

                                                  bull Should be available in 2012

                                                  Bdl (Tm)

                                                  pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                  3329

                                                  PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                  1994

                                                  PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                  Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                  13887

                                                  ANKE

                                                  PAXPAX

                                                  ANKE

                                                  An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                  E and B fields

                                                  59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                                  10

                                                  20

                                                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                  Helion EDM

                                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                  radi

                                                  us (

                                                  m)

                                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                                  10

                                                  20

                                                  30

                                                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                  Helion EDM

                                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                  radi

                                                  al E

                                                  -fie

                                                  ld (

                                                  MV

                                                  m)

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                  Snake

                                                  Snake only

                                                  Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                  Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                  2

                                                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                  Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                  Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                  bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                  bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                  bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                  bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                  2 1010 4 10

                                                  10 6 1010

                                                  0

                                                  02

                                                  04

                                                  06

                                                  08

                                                  d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                  n (number of turns)

                                                  P(n

                                                  )P

                                                  (n)

                                                  n (number of turns)

                                                  dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                  2

                                                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                  Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                  PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                  It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                  bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                  bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                  bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                  bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                  Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                  p and d at same momentum

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                  PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                  stored d

                                                  RF E-fieldvertical

                                                  polarization

                                                  spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                  Two situations

                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                  This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                  51011000 ss

                                                  growsPP

                                                  dropsP

                                                  zx

                                                  y

                                                  22

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                  Constant E-field

                                                  Number of turns

                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                  Number of turns

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                  Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                  2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                  Number of turns

                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                  PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                  Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                  E

                                                  BBvddt

                                                  sd )(

                                                  Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                  bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                  bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                  bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                  bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                  bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                  Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                  bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                  Summary

                                                  Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                  ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                  ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Spare transparencies

                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                  Momentum vector

                                                  bull Lower energy particle

                                                  bull hellipjust right

                                                  bull Higher energy particle

                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                  2

                                                  2

                                                  1

                                                  1

                                                  2

                                                  gG

                                                  c

                                                  EGBG

                                                  m

                                                  eG

                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                  0 EB

                                                  G

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                  11

                                                  01

                                                  12

                                                  G

                                                  G

                                                  G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                  Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                  G

                                                  mp

                                                  G 1

                                                  1

                                                  μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                  Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  spin manipulation

                                                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                  snakesCOn

                                                  COn

                                                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                  spin closed orbit

                                                  180o

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Machine acceptance

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                  lost

                                                  cooled

                                                  targetring acceptance

                                                  beam

                                                  In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                  the target dominates beam loss

                                                  K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                  Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                  COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                  Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                  Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                  IBeam

                                                  time

                                                  COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                  PAX

                                                  Need for a high precision BCT

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                  Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                  bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                  Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                  Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                  A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                  D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                  Technological challenges

                                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                                  Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                  Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                  Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  ParticleAtom

                                                  Current EDM Limit

                                                  Future Goal

                                                  dn equivalent

                                                  Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                  199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                  129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                  Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                  Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                  Spin Precession

                                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                  )()(dt

                                                  dEvBBvEd

                                                  S

                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                  dt

                                                  dBEd

                                                  S

                                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                  0G

                                                  Edt

                                                  s

                                                  d

                                                  d

                                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                  COn

                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                  Polarization not affected

                                                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                  COn

                                                  COn

                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                  Simple model

                                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                  referenceoscillation

                                                  decoherencetime

                                                  oscillationcapture

                                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                  stored d

                                                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                  polarization

                                                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                  growsPP

                                                  dropsP

                                                  zx

                                                  y

                                                  22

                                                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                  Conclusion from simple model

                                                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                  dt

                                                  dBEd

                                                  S

                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                  EDM Cooperation

                                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                  International srEDM Network

                                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                  DOE-Proposal

                                                  Study Group

                                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                  Copied from K Jungmann

                                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                  Momentum vector

                                                  Lower energy particle

                                                  hellipjust right

                                                  Higher energy particle

                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                  2

                                                  2

                                                  1

                                                  1

                                                  2

                                                  gG

                                                  c

                                                  EGBG

                                                  m

                                                  eG

                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                  0 EB

                                                  G

                                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                  c

                                                  EGBG

                                                  m

                                                  eG

                                                  1

                                                  1

                                                  2

                                                  edmG

                                                  0 EB

                                                  B

                                                  c

                                                  E

                                                  S

                                                  cdedm

                                                  Systematic Effects

                                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                  2

                                                  c

                                                  EVsys

                                                  R

                                                  V

                                                  E

                                                  E

                                                  d

                                                  GR

                                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                  Radial precession

                                                  Needs to be minimized

                                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                  EDM Projects

                                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                                  spin as a function of time

                                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                  EDM at COSY

                                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                  Juumllich

                                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                  Number of turns

                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                  Number of turns

                                                  22zx PPP

                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                  17

                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                  18

                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                  Cooled

                                                  Uncooled

                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                  19

                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                  Cooled

                                                  Uncooled

                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                  t t=Lv

                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                  for one year measurement

                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                  3

                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                  • Layout
                                                  • Slide 3
                                                  • Slide 4
                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                  • Slide 7
                                                  • Slide 8
                                                  • Slide 9
                                                  • Slide 10
                                                  • Slide 11
                                                  • Slide 12
                                                  • Slide 13
                                                  • Slide 14
                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                  • Slide 17
                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                  • Slide 19
                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                  • Slide 21
                                                  • Slide 22
                                                  • Slide 23
                                                  • Slide 24
                                                  • Slide 25
                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                  • Slide 28
                                                  • Slide 29
                                                  • Summary 2
                                                  • Slide 31
                                                  • Slide 32
                                                  • Slide 33
                                                  • Slide 34
                                                  • Slide 35
                                                  • Slide 36
                                                  • Slide 37
                                                  • Slide 38
                                                  • Slide 39
                                                  • Slide 40
                                                  • Slide 41
                                                  • Slide 42
                                                  • Slide 43
                                                  • Slide 44
                                                  • Slide 45
                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                  • Slide 47
                                                  • Slide 48
                                                  • Slide 49
                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                  • Slide 51
                                                  • Slide 52
                                                  • Slide 53
                                                  • Slide 54
                                                  • Slide 55
                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                  • Slide 57
                                                  • Slide 58
                                                  • Slide 59
                                                  • Slide 60
                                                  • Slide 61
                                                  • Slide 62
                                                  • Slide 63
                                                  • Slide 64
                                                  • Slide 65
                                                  • Slide 66
                                                  • Slide 67
                                                  • Slide 68
                                                  • Slide 69
                                                  • Slide 70
                                                  • Slide 71
                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                  • Slide 74
                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                  • Slide 78
                                                  • Slide 79
                                                  • Slide 80
                                                  • Slide 81
                                                  • Slide 82
                                                  • Slide 83
                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                  • Slide 86
                                                  • Slide 87
                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                  • Slide 89
                                                  • Slide 90
                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                  • Slide 93
                                                  • Slide 94
                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                  • Slide 97
                                                  • Slide 98
                                                  • Slide 99
                                                  • Slide 100
                                                  • Slide 101
                                                  • Slide 102
                                                  • Slide 103
                                                  • Slide 104
                                                  • Slide 105
                                                  • Slide 106
                                                  • Slide 107
                                                  • Slide 108
                                                  • Slide 109
                                                  • Slide 110
                                                  • Slide 111

                                                    EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron Cooler and storage ring for (polarized) protons and deuterons

                                                    p = 03 ndash 37 GeVc

                                                    Phase space cooled internal amp extracted beams

                                                    Injector cyclotron

                                                    COSY

                                                    hellip the spin-physics machinefor hadron physics

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 49Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Spin Precession

                                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                    )()(dt

                                                    dEvBBvEd

                                                    S

                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                    dt

                                                    dBEd

                                                    S

                                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                    Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                                    A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                                    time reversal symmetry (T)

                                                    Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                    NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                    An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                    E-field only

                                                    54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                    5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                    20

                                                    40

                                                    60

                                                    80

                                                    100

                                                    Proton EDM

                                                    E-field (MVm)

                                                    radi

                                                    us (

                                                    m)

                                                    r1 E( )

                                                    E

                                                    r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                    r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                    An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                    E and B fields

                                                    55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                                    10

                                                    20

                                                    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                    Deuteron EDM

                                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                    radi

                                                    us (

                                                    m)

                                                    100 200 300 400 50015

                                                    10

                                                    5

                                                    0

                                                    B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                    Deuteron EDM

                                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                    radi

                                                    al E

                                                    -fie

                                                    ld (

                                                    MV

                                                    m)

                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                    Technological challenges

                                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                    )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                    COSY Concept for Snake

                                                    bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                    bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                    bull Cryogen-free system

                                                    bull Should be available in 2012

                                                    Bdl (Tm)

                                                    pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                    3329

                                                    PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                    1994

                                                    PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                    Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                    13887

                                                    ANKE

                                                    PAXPAX

                                                    ANKE

                                                    An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                    E and B fields

                                                    59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                                    10

                                                    20

                                                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                    Helion EDM

                                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                    radi

                                                    us (

                                                    m)

                                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                                    10

                                                    20

                                                    30

                                                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                    Helion EDM

                                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                    radi

                                                    al E

                                                    -fie

                                                    ld (

                                                    MV

                                                    m)

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                    Snake

                                                    Snake only

                                                    Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                    Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                    2

                                                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                    Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                    Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                    bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                    bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                    bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                    bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                    2 1010 4 10

                                                    10 6 1010

                                                    0

                                                    02

                                                    04

                                                    06

                                                    08

                                                    d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                    n (number of turns)

                                                    P(n

                                                    )P

                                                    (n)

                                                    n (number of turns)

                                                    dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                    2

                                                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                    Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                    PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                    It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                    bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                    bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                    bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                    bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                    Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                    p and d at same momentum

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                    PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                    stored d

                                                    RF E-fieldvertical

                                                    polarization

                                                    spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                    Two situations

                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                    This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                    51011000 ss

                                                    growsPP

                                                    dropsP

                                                    zx

                                                    y

                                                    22

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                    Constant E-field

                                                    Number of turns

                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                    Number of turns

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                    Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                    2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                    Number of turns

                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                    PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                    Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                    E

                                                    BBvddt

                                                    sd )(

                                                    Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                    bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                    bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                    bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                    bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                    bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                    Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                    bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                    Summary

                                                    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Spare transparencies

                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                    Momentum vector

                                                    bull Lower energy particle

                                                    bull hellipjust right

                                                    bull Higher energy particle

                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                    2

                                                    2

                                                    1

                                                    1

                                                    2

                                                    gG

                                                    c

                                                    EGBG

                                                    m

                                                    eG

                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                    0 EB

                                                    G

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                    11

                                                    01

                                                    12

                                                    G

                                                    G

                                                    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                    G

                                                    mp

                                                    G 1

                                                    1

                                                    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    spin manipulation

                                                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                    snakesCOn

                                                    COn

                                                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                    spin closed orbit

                                                    180o

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Machine acceptance

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                    lost

                                                    cooled

                                                    targetring acceptance

                                                    beam

                                                    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                    the target dominates beam loss

                                                    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                    IBeam

                                                    time

                                                    COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                    PAX

                                                    Need for a high precision BCT

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                    Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                    Technological challenges

                                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                                    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    ParticleAtom

                                                    Current EDM Limit

                                                    Future Goal

                                                    dn equivalent

                                                    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                    Spin Precession

                                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                    )()(dt

                                                    dEvBBvEd

                                                    S

                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                    dt

                                                    dBEd

                                                    S

                                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                    0G

                                                    Edt

                                                    s

                                                    d

                                                    d

                                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                    COn

                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                    Polarization not affected

                                                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                    COn

                                                    COn

                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                    Simple model

                                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                    referenceoscillation

                                                    decoherencetime

                                                    oscillationcapture

                                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                    stored d

                                                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                    polarization

                                                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                    growsPP

                                                    dropsP

                                                    zx

                                                    y

                                                    22

                                                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                    Conclusion from simple model

                                                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                    dt

                                                    dBEd

                                                    S

                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                    EDM Cooperation

                                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                    International srEDM Network

                                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                    DOE-Proposal

                                                    Study Group

                                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                    Copied from K Jungmann

                                                    History of neutron EDM limits

                                                    Adopted from K Kirch

                                                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                    Momentum vector

                                                    Lower energy particle

                                                    hellipjust right

                                                    Higher energy particle

                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                    2

                                                    2

                                                    1

                                                    1

                                                    2

                                                    gG

                                                    c

                                                    EGBG

                                                    m

                                                    eG

                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                    0 EB

                                                    G

                                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                    c

                                                    EGBG

                                                    m

                                                    eG

                                                    1

                                                    1

                                                    2

                                                    edmG

                                                    0 EB

                                                    B

                                                    c

                                                    E

                                                    S

                                                    cdedm

                                                    Systematic Effects

                                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                    2

                                                    c

                                                    EVsys

                                                    R

                                                    V

                                                    E

                                                    E

                                                    d

                                                    GR

                                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                    Radial precession

                                                    Needs to be minimized

                                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                    EDM Projects

                                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                                    spin as a function of time

                                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                    EDM at COSY

                                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                    Juumllich

                                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                    Number of turns

                                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                    Number of turns

                                                    22zx PPP

                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                    17

                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                    18

                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                    Cooled

                                                    Uncooled

                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                    19

                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                    Cooled

                                                    Uncooled

                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                    t t=Lv

                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                    for one year measurement

                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                    3

                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                    • Layout
                                                    • Slide 3
                                                    • Slide 4
                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                    • Slide 7
                                                    • Slide 8
                                                    • Slide 9
                                                    • Slide 10
                                                    • Slide 11
                                                    • Slide 12
                                                    • Slide 13
                                                    • Slide 14
                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                    • Slide 17
                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                    • Slide 19
                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                    • Slide 21
                                                    • Slide 22
                                                    • Slide 23
                                                    • Slide 24
                                                    • Slide 25
                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                    • Slide 28
                                                    • Slide 29
                                                    • Summary 2
                                                    • Slide 31
                                                    • Slide 32
                                                    • Slide 33
                                                    • Slide 34
                                                    • Slide 35
                                                    • Slide 36
                                                    • Slide 37
                                                    • Slide 38
                                                    • Slide 39
                                                    • Slide 40
                                                    • Slide 41
                                                    • Slide 42
                                                    • Slide 43
                                                    • Slide 44
                                                    • Slide 45
                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                    • Slide 47
                                                    • Slide 48
                                                    • Slide 49
                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                    • Slide 51
                                                    • Slide 52
                                                    • Slide 53
                                                    • Slide 54
                                                    • Slide 55
                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                    • Slide 57
                                                    • Slide 58
                                                    • Slide 59
                                                    • Slide 60
                                                    • Slide 61
                                                    • Slide 62
                                                    • Slide 63
                                                    • Slide 64
                                                    • Slide 65
                                                    • Slide 66
                                                    • Slide 67
                                                    • Slide 68
                                                    • Slide 69
                                                    • Slide 70
                                                    • Slide 71
                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                    • Slide 74
                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                    • Slide 78
                                                    • Slide 79
                                                    • Slide 80
                                                    • Slide 81
                                                    • Slide 82
                                                    • Slide 83
                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                    • Slide 86
                                                    • Slide 87
                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                    • Slide 89
                                                    • Slide 90
                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                    • Slide 93
                                                    • Slide 94
                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                    • Slide 97
                                                    • Slide 98
                                                    • Slide 99
                                                    • Slide 100
                                                    • Slide 101
                                                    • Slide 102
                                                    • Slide 103
                                                    • Slide 104
                                                    • Slide 105
                                                    • Slide 106
                                                    • Slide 107
                                                    • Slide 108
                                                    • Slide 109
                                                    • Slide 110
                                                    • Slide 111

                                                      Spin Precession

                                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                      )()(dt

                                                      dEvBBvEd

                                                      S

                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                      dt

                                                      dBEd

                                                      S

                                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                      Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                                      A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                                      time reversal symmetry (T)

                                                      Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                      NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                      An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                      E-field only

                                                      54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                      5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                      20

                                                      40

                                                      60

                                                      80

                                                      100

                                                      Proton EDM

                                                      E-field (MVm)

                                                      radi

                                                      us (

                                                      m)

                                                      r1 E( )

                                                      E

                                                      r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                      r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                      An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                      E and B fields

                                                      55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                                      10

                                                      20

                                                      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                      Deuteron EDM

                                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                      radi

                                                      us (

                                                      m)

                                                      100 200 300 400 50015

                                                      10

                                                      5

                                                      0

                                                      B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                      Deuteron EDM

                                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                      radi

                                                      al E

                                                      -fie

                                                      ld (

                                                      MV

                                                      m)

                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                      Technological challenges

                                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                      )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                      COSY Concept for Snake

                                                      bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                      bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                      bull Cryogen-free system

                                                      bull Should be available in 2012

                                                      Bdl (Tm)

                                                      pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                      3329

                                                      PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                      1994

                                                      PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                      Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                      13887

                                                      ANKE

                                                      PAXPAX

                                                      ANKE

                                                      An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                      E and B fields

                                                      59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                                      10

                                                      20

                                                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                      Helion EDM

                                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                      radi

                                                      us (

                                                      m)

                                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                                      10

                                                      20

                                                      30

                                                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                      Helion EDM

                                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                      radi

                                                      al E

                                                      -fie

                                                      ld (

                                                      MV

                                                      m)

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                      Snake

                                                      Snake only

                                                      Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                      Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                      2

                                                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                      Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                      Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                      bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                      bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                      bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                      bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                      2 1010 4 10

                                                      10 6 1010

                                                      0

                                                      02

                                                      04

                                                      06

                                                      08

                                                      d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                      n (number of turns)

                                                      P(n

                                                      )P

                                                      (n)

                                                      n (number of turns)

                                                      dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                      2

                                                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                      Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                      PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                      It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                      bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                      bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                      bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                      bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                      Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                      p and d at same momentum

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                      PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                      stored d

                                                      RF E-fieldvertical

                                                      polarization

                                                      spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                      Two situations

                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                      This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                      51011000 ss

                                                      growsPP

                                                      dropsP

                                                      zx

                                                      y

                                                      22

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                      Constant E-field

                                                      Number of turns

                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                      Number of turns

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                      Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                      2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                      Number of turns

                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                      PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                      Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                      E

                                                      BBvddt

                                                      sd )(

                                                      Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                      bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                      bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                      bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                      bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                      bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                      Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                      bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                      Summary

                                                      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Spare transparencies

                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                      Momentum vector

                                                      bull Lower energy particle

                                                      bull hellipjust right

                                                      bull Higher energy particle

                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                      2

                                                      2

                                                      1

                                                      1

                                                      2

                                                      gG

                                                      c

                                                      EGBG

                                                      m

                                                      eG

                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                      0 EB

                                                      G

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                      11

                                                      01

                                                      12

                                                      G

                                                      G

                                                      G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                      Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                      G

                                                      mp

                                                      G 1

                                                      1

                                                      μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                      Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      spin manipulation

                                                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                      snakesCOn

                                                      COn

                                                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                      spin closed orbit

                                                      180o

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Machine acceptance

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                      lost

                                                      cooled

                                                      targetring acceptance

                                                      beam

                                                      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                      the target dominates beam loss

                                                      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                      IBeam

                                                      time

                                                      COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                      PAX

                                                      Need for a high precision BCT

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                      Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                      Technological challenges

                                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                                      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      ParticleAtom

                                                      Current EDM Limit

                                                      Future Goal

                                                      dn equivalent

                                                      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                      Spin Precession

                                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                      )()(dt

                                                      dEvBBvEd

                                                      S

                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                      dt

                                                      dBEd

                                                      S

                                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                      0G

                                                      Edt

                                                      s

                                                      d

                                                      d

                                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                      COn

                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                      Polarization not affected

                                                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                      COn

                                                      COn

                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                      Simple model

                                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                      referenceoscillation

                                                      decoherencetime

                                                      oscillationcapture

                                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                      stored d

                                                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                      polarization

                                                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                      growsPP

                                                      dropsP

                                                      zx

                                                      y

                                                      22

                                                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                      Conclusion from simple model

                                                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                      dt

                                                      dBEd

                                                      S

                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                      EDM Cooperation

                                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                      International srEDM Network

                                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                      DOE-Proposal

                                                      Study Group

                                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                      Copied from K Jungmann

                                                      History of neutron EDM limits

                                                      Adopted from K Kirch

                                                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                      Momentum vector

                                                      Lower energy particle

                                                      hellipjust right

                                                      Higher energy particle

                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                      2

                                                      2

                                                      1

                                                      1

                                                      2

                                                      gG

                                                      c

                                                      EGBG

                                                      m

                                                      eG

                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                      0 EB

                                                      G

                                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                      c

                                                      EGBG

                                                      m

                                                      eG

                                                      1

                                                      1

                                                      2

                                                      edmG

                                                      0 EB

                                                      B

                                                      c

                                                      E

                                                      S

                                                      cdedm

                                                      Systematic Effects

                                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                      2

                                                      c

                                                      EVsys

                                                      R

                                                      V

                                                      E

                                                      E

                                                      d

                                                      GR

                                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                      Radial precession

                                                      Needs to be minimized

                                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                      EDM Projects

                                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                                      spin as a function of time

                                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                      EDM at COSY

                                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                      Juumllich

                                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                      Number of turns

                                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                      Number of turns

                                                      22zx PPP

                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                      17

                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                      18

                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                      Cooled

                                                      Uncooled

                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                      19

                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                      Cooled

                                                      Uncooled

                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                      t t=Lv

                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                      for one year measurement

                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                      3

                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                      • Layout
                                                      • Slide 3
                                                      • Slide 4
                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                      • Slide 7
                                                      • Slide 8
                                                      • Slide 9
                                                      • Slide 10
                                                      • Slide 11
                                                      • Slide 12
                                                      • Slide 13
                                                      • Slide 14
                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                      • Slide 17
                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                      • Slide 19
                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                      • Slide 21
                                                      • Slide 22
                                                      • Slide 23
                                                      • Slide 24
                                                      • Slide 25
                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                      • Slide 28
                                                      • Slide 29
                                                      • Summary 2
                                                      • Slide 31
                                                      • Slide 32
                                                      • Slide 33
                                                      • Slide 34
                                                      • Slide 35
                                                      • Slide 36
                                                      • Slide 37
                                                      • Slide 38
                                                      • Slide 39
                                                      • Slide 40
                                                      • Slide 41
                                                      • Slide 42
                                                      • Slide 43
                                                      • Slide 44
                                                      • Slide 45
                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                      • Slide 47
                                                      • Slide 48
                                                      • Slide 49
                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                      • Slide 51
                                                      • Slide 52
                                                      • Slide 53
                                                      • Slide 54
                                                      • Slide 55
                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                      • Slide 57
                                                      • Slide 58
                                                      • Slide 59
                                                      • Slide 60
                                                      • Slide 61
                                                      • Slide 62
                                                      • Slide 63
                                                      • Slide 64
                                                      • Slide 65
                                                      • Slide 66
                                                      • Slide 67
                                                      • Slide 68
                                                      • Slide 69
                                                      • Slide 70
                                                      • Slide 71
                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                      • Slide 74
                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                      • Slide 78
                                                      • Slide 79
                                                      • Slide 80
                                                      • Slide 81
                                                      • Slide 82
                                                      • Slide 83
                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                      • Slide 86
                                                      • Slide 87
                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                      • Slide 89
                                                      • Slide 90
                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                      • Slide 93
                                                      • Slide 94
                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                      • Slide 97
                                                      • Slide 98
                                                      • Slide 99
                                                      • Slide 100
                                                      • Slide 101
                                                      • Slide 102
                                                      • Slide 103
                                                      • Slide 104
                                                      • Slide 105
                                                      • Slide 106
                                                      • Slide 107
                                                      • Slide 108
                                                      • Slide 109
                                                      • Slide 110
                                                      • Slide 111

                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                        Electric dipole moment (EDM)

                                                        A permanent EDM of a fundamental particle violates both parity (P) and

                                                        time reversal symmetry (T)

                                                        Assuming CPT to hold the combined symmetry CP is violated as well

                                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 51Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                        NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                        An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                        E-field only

                                                        54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                        5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                        20

                                                        40

                                                        60

                                                        80

                                                        100

                                                        Proton EDM

                                                        E-field (MVm)

                                                        radi

                                                        us (

                                                        m)

                                                        r1 E( )

                                                        E

                                                        r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                        r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                        An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                        E and B fields

                                                        55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                                        10

                                                        20

                                                        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                        Deuteron EDM

                                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                        radi

                                                        us (

                                                        m)

                                                        100 200 300 400 50015

                                                        10

                                                        5

                                                        0

                                                        B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                        Deuteron EDM

                                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                        radi

                                                        al E

                                                        -fie

                                                        ld (

                                                        MV

                                                        m)

                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                        Technological challenges

                                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                        )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                        COSY Concept for Snake

                                                        bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                        bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                        bull Cryogen-free system

                                                        bull Should be available in 2012

                                                        Bdl (Tm)

                                                        pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                        3329

                                                        PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                        1994

                                                        PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                        Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                        13887

                                                        ANKE

                                                        PAXPAX

                                                        ANKE

                                                        An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                        E and B fields

                                                        59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                                        10

                                                        20

                                                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                        Helion EDM

                                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                        radi

                                                        us (

                                                        m)

                                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                                        10

                                                        20

                                                        30

                                                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                        Helion EDM

                                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                        radi

                                                        al E

                                                        -fie

                                                        ld (

                                                        MV

                                                        m)

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                        Snake

                                                        Snake only

                                                        Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                        Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                        2

                                                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                        Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                        Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                        bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                        bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                        bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                        bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                        2 1010 4 10

                                                        10 6 1010

                                                        0

                                                        02

                                                        04

                                                        06

                                                        08

                                                        d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                        n (number of turns)

                                                        P(n

                                                        )P

                                                        (n)

                                                        n (number of turns)

                                                        dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                        2

                                                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                        Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                        PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                        It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                        bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                        bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                        bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                        bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                        Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                        p and d at same momentum

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                        PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                        stored d

                                                        RF E-fieldvertical

                                                        polarization

                                                        spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                        Two situations

                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                        This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                        51011000 ss

                                                        growsPP

                                                        dropsP

                                                        zx

                                                        y

                                                        22

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                        Constant E-field

                                                        Number of turns

                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                        Number of turns

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                        Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                        2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                        Number of turns

                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                        PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                        Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                        E

                                                        BBvddt

                                                        sd )(

                                                        Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                        bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                        bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                        bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                        bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                        bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                        Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                        bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                        Summary

                                                        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Spare transparencies

                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                        Momentum vector

                                                        bull Lower energy particle

                                                        bull hellipjust right

                                                        bull Higher energy particle

                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                        2

                                                        2

                                                        1

                                                        1

                                                        2

                                                        gG

                                                        c

                                                        EGBG

                                                        m

                                                        eG

                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                        0 EB

                                                        G

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                        11

                                                        01

                                                        12

                                                        G

                                                        G

                                                        G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                        Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                        G

                                                        mp

                                                        G 1

                                                        1

                                                        μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                        Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        spin manipulation

                                                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                        snakesCOn

                                                        COn

                                                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                        spin closed orbit

                                                        180o

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Machine acceptance

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                        lost

                                                        cooled

                                                        targetring acceptance

                                                        beam

                                                        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                        the target dominates beam loss

                                                        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                        IBeam

                                                        time

                                                        COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                        PAX

                                                        Need for a high precision BCT

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                        Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                        Technological challenges

                                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                                        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        ParticleAtom

                                                        Current EDM Limit

                                                        Future Goal

                                                        dn equivalent

                                                        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                        Spin Precession

                                                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                        )()(dt

                                                        dEvBBvEd

                                                        S

                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                        dt

                                                        dBEd

                                                        S

                                                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                        0G

                                                        Edt

                                                        s

                                                        d

                                                        d

                                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                        COn

                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                        Polarization not affected

                                                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                        COn

                                                        COn

                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                        Simple model

                                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                        referenceoscillation

                                                        decoherencetime

                                                        oscillationcapture

                                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                        stored d

                                                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                        polarization

                                                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                        growsPP

                                                        dropsP

                                                        zx

                                                        y

                                                        22

                                                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                        Conclusion from simple model

                                                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                        dt

                                                        dBEd

                                                        S

                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                        EDM Cooperation

                                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                        International srEDM Network

                                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                        DOE-Proposal

                                                        Study Group

                                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                        Copied from K Jungmann

                                                        History of neutron EDM limits

                                                        Adopted from K Kirch

                                                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                        Momentum vector

                                                        Lower energy particle

                                                        hellipjust right

                                                        Higher energy particle

                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                        2

                                                        2

                                                        1

                                                        1

                                                        2

                                                        gG

                                                        c

                                                        EGBG

                                                        m

                                                        eG

                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                        0 EB

                                                        G

                                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                        c

                                                        EGBG

                                                        m

                                                        eG

                                                        1

                                                        1

                                                        2

                                                        edmG

                                                        0 EB

                                                        B

                                                        c

                                                        E

                                                        S

                                                        cdedm

                                                        Systematic Effects

                                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                        2

                                                        c

                                                        EVsys

                                                        R

                                                        V

                                                        E

                                                        E

                                                        d

                                                        GR

                                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                        Radial precession

                                                        Needs to be minimized

                                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                        EDM Projects

                                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                                        spin as a function of time

                                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                        EDM at COSY

                                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                        Juumllich

                                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                        Number of turns

                                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                        Number of turns

                                                        22zx PPP

                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                        17

                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                        18

                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                        Cooled

                                                        Uncooled

                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                        19

                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                        Cooled

                                                        Uncooled

                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                        t t=Lv

                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                        for one year measurement

                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                        3

                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                        • Layout
                                                        • Slide 3
                                                        • Slide 4
                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                        • Slide 7
                                                        • Slide 8
                                                        • Slide 9
                                                        • Slide 10
                                                        • Slide 11
                                                        • Slide 12
                                                        • Slide 13
                                                        • Slide 14
                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                        • Slide 17
                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                        • Slide 19
                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                        • Slide 21
                                                        • Slide 22
                                                        • Slide 23
                                                        • Slide 24
                                                        • Slide 25
                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                        • Slide 28
                                                        • Slide 29
                                                        • Summary 2
                                                        • Slide 31
                                                        • Slide 32
                                                        • Slide 33
                                                        • Slide 34
                                                        • Slide 35
                                                        • Slide 36
                                                        • Slide 37
                                                        • Slide 38
                                                        • Slide 39
                                                        • Slide 40
                                                        • Slide 41
                                                        • Slide 42
                                                        • Slide 43
                                                        • Slide 44
                                                        • Slide 45
                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                        • Slide 47
                                                        • Slide 48
                                                        • Slide 49
                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                        • Slide 51
                                                        • Slide 52
                                                        • Slide 53
                                                        • Slide 54
                                                        • Slide 55
                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                        • Slide 57
                                                        • Slide 58
                                                        • Slide 59
                                                        • Slide 60
                                                        • Slide 61
                                                        • Slide 62
                                                        • Slide 63
                                                        • Slide 64
                                                        • Slide 65
                                                        • Slide 66
                                                        • Slide 67
                                                        • Slide 68
                                                        • Slide 69
                                                        • Slide 70
                                                        • Slide 71
                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                        • Slide 74
                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                        • Slide 78
                                                        • Slide 79
                                                        • Slide 80
                                                        • Slide 81
                                                        • Slide 82
                                                        • Slide 83
                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                        • Slide 86
                                                        • Slide 87
                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                        • Slide 89
                                                        • Slide 90
                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                        • Slide 93
                                                        • Slide 94
                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                        • Slide 97
                                                        • Slide 98
                                                        • Slide 99
                                                        • Slide 100
                                                        • Slide 101
                                                        • Slide 102
                                                        • Slide 103
                                                        • Slide 104
                                                        • Slide 105
                                                        • Slide 106
                                                        • Slide 107
                                                        • Slide 108
                                                        • Slide 109
                                                        • Slide 110
                                                        • Slide 111

                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 52Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                          NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                          An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                          E-field only

                                                          54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                          5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                          20

                                                          40

                                                          60

                                                          80

                                                          100

                                                          Proton EDM

                                                          E-field (MVm)

                                                          radi

                                                          us (

                                                          m)

                                                          r1 E( )

                                                          E

                                                          r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                          r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                          An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                          E and B fields

                                                          55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                          100 200 300 400 5000

                                                          10

                                                          20

                                                          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                          Deuteron EDM

                                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                          radi

                                                          us (

                                                          m)

                                                          100 200 300 400 50015

                                                          10

                                                          5

                                                          0

                                                          B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                          Deuteron EDM

                                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                          radi

                                                          al E

                                                          -fie

                                                          ld (

                                                          MV

                                                          m)

                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                          Technological challenges

                                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                          )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                          COSY Concept for Snake

                                                          bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                          bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                          bull Cryogen-free system

                                                          bull Should be available in 2012

                                                          Bdl (Tm)

                                                          pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                          3329

                                                          PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                          1994

                                                          PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                          Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                          13887

                                                          ANKE

                                                          PAXPAX

                                                          ANKE

                                                          An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                          E and B fields

                                                          59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                          100 200 300 400 5000

                                                          10

                                                          20

                                                          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                          Helion EDM

                                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                          radi

                                                          us (

                                                          m)

                                                          100 200 300 400 5000

                                                          10

                                                          20

                                                          30

                                                          B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                          Helion EDM

                                                          kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                          radi

                                                          al E

                                                          -fie

                                                          ld (

                                                          MV

                                                          m)

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                          Snake

                                                          Snake only

                                                          Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                          Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                          2

                                                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                          Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                          Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                          bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                          bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                          bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                          bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                          2 1010 4 10

                                                          10 6 1010

                                                          0

                                                          02

                                                          04

                                                          06

                                                          08

                                                          d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                          n (number of turns)

                                                          P(n

                                                          )P

                                                          (n)

                                                          n (number of turns)

                                                          dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                          2

                                                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                          Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                          PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                          It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                          bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                          bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                          bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                          bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                          Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                          p and d at same momentum

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                          PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                          stored d

                                                          RF E-fieldvertical

                                                          polarization

                                                          spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                          Two situations

                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                          This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                          51011000 ss

                                                          growsPP

                                                          dropsP

                                                          zx

                                                          y

                                                          22

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                          Constant E-field

                                                          Number of turns

                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                          Number of turns

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                          Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                          2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                          Number of turns

                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                          PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                          Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                          E

                                                          BBvddt

                                                          sd )(

                                                          Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                          bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                          bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                          bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                          bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                          bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                          Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                          bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                          Summary

                                                          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Spare transparencies

                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                          Momentum vector

                                                          bull Lower energy particle

                                                          bull hellipjust right

                                                          bull Higher energy particle

                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                          2

                                                          2

                                                          1

                                                          1

                                                          2

                                                          gG

                                                          c

                                                          EGBG

                                                          m

                                                          eG

                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                          0 EB

                                                          G

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                          11

                                                          01

                                                          12

                                                          G

                                                          G

                                                          G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                          Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                          G

                                                          mp

                                                          G 1

                                                          1

                                                          μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                          Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          spin manipulation

                                                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                          snakesCOn

                                                          COn

                                                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                          spin closed orbit

                                                          180o

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Machine acceptance

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                          lost

                                                          cooled

                                                          targetring acceptance

                                                          beam

                                                          In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                          the target dominates beam loss

                                                          K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                          IBeam

                                                          time

                                                          COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                          PAX

                                                          Need for a high precision BCT

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                          Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                          Technological challenges

                                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                                          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          ParticleAtom

                                                          Current EDM Limit

                                                          Future Goal

                                                          dn equivalent

                                                          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                          Spin Precession

                                                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                          )()(dt

                                                          dEvBBvEd

                                                          S

                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                          dt

                                                          dBEd

                                                          S

                                                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                          0G

                                                          Edt

                                                          s

                                                          d

                                                          d

                                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                          COn

                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                          Polarization not affected

                                                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                          COn

                                                          COn

                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                          Simple model

                                                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                          referenceoscillation

                                                          decoherencetime

                                                          oscillationcapture

                                                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                          RF solenoid on off on

                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                          stored d

                                                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                          polarization

                                                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                          growsPP

                                                          dropsP

                                                          zx

                                                          y

                                                          22

                                                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                          Conclusion from simple model

                                                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                          dt

                                                          dBEd

                                                          S

                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                          EDM Cooperation

                                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                          International srEDM Network

                                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                          DOE-Proposal

                                                          Study Group

                                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                          Copied from K Jungmann

                                                          History of neutron EDM limits

                                                          Adopted from K Kirch

                                                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                          Momentum vector

                                                          Lower energy particle

                                                          hellipjust right

                                                          Higher energy particle

                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                          2

                                                          2

                                                          1

                                                          1

                                                          2

                                                          gG

                                                          c

                                                          EGBG

                                                          m

                                                          eG

                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                          0 EB

                                                          G

                                                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                          c

                                                          EGBG

                                                          m

                                                          eG

                                                          1

                                                          1

                                                          2

                                                          edmG

                                                          0 EB

                                                          B

                                                          c

                                                          E

                                                          S

                                                          cdedm

                                                          Systematic Effects

                                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                          2

                                                          c

                                                          EVsys

                                                          R

                                                          V

                                                          E

                                                          E

                                                          d

                                                          GR

                                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                          Radial precession

                                                          Needs to be minimized

                                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                          EDM Projects

                                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                                          spin as a function of time

                                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                          EDM at COSY

                                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                          Juumllich

                                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                          Number of turns

                                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                          Number of turns

                                                          22zx PPP

                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                          17

                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                          18

                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                          Cooled

                                                          Uncooled

                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                          19

                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                          Cooled

                                                          Uncooled

                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                          t t=Lv

                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                          for one year measurement

                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                          3

                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                          • Layout
                                                          • Slide 3
                                                          • Slide 4
                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                          • Slide 7
                                                          • Slide 8
                                                          • Slide 9
                                                          • Slide 10
                                                          • Slide 11
                                                          • Slide 12
                                                          • Slide 13
                                                          • Slide 14
                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                          • Slide 17
                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                          • Slide 19
                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                          • Slide 21
                                                          • Slide 22
                                                          • Slide 23
                                                          • Slide 24
                                                          • Slide 25
                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                          • Slide 28
                                                          • Slide 29
                                                          • Summary 2
                                                          • Slide 31
                                                          • Slide 32
                                                          • Slide 33
                                                          • Slide 34
                                                          • Slide 35
                                                          • Slide 36
                                                          • Slide 37
                                                          • Slide 38
                                                          • Slide 39
                                                          • Slide 40
                                                          • Slide 41
                                                          • Slide 42
                                                          • Slide 43
                                                          • Slide 44
                                                          • Slide 45
                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                          • Slide 47
                                                          • Slide 48
                                                          • Slide 49
                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                          • Slide 51
                                                          • Slide 52
                                                          • Slide 53
                                                          • Slide 54
                                                          • Slide 55
                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                          • Slide 57
                                                          • Slide 58
                                                          • Slide 59
                                                          • Slide 60
                                                          • Slide 61
                                                          • Slide 62
                                                          • Slide 63
                                                          • Slide 64
                                                          • Slide 65
                                                          • Slide 66
                                                          • Slide 67
                                                          • Slide 68
                                                          • Slide 69
                                                          • Slide 70
                                                          • Slide 71
                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                          • Slide 74
                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                          • Slide 78
                                                          • Slide 79
                                                          • Slide 80
                                                          • Slide 81
                                                          • Slide 82
                                                          • Slide 83
                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                          • Slide 86
                                                          • Slide 87
                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                          • Slide 89
                                                          • Slide 90
                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                          • Slide 93
                                                          • Slide 94
                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                          • Slide 97
                                                          • Slide 98
                                                          • Slide 99
                                                          • Slide 100
                                                          • Slide 101
                                                          • Slide 102
                                                          • Slide 103
                                                          • Slide 104
                                                          • Slide 105
                                                          • Slide 106
                                                          • Slide 107
                                                          • Slide 108
                                                          • Slide 109
                                                          • Slide 110
                                                          • Slide 111

                                                            NEW EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 53Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                            An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                            E-field only

                                                            54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                            5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                            20

                                                            40

                                                            60

                                                            80

                                                            100

                                                            Proton EDM

                                                            E-field (MVm)

                                                            radi

                                                            us (

                                                            m)

                                                            r1 E( )

                                                            E

                                                            r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                            r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                            An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                            E and B fields

                                                            55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                            100 200 300 400 5000

                                                            10

                                                            20

                                                            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                            Deuteron EDM

                                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                            radi

                                                            us (

                                                            m)

                                                            100 200 300 400 50015

                                                            10

                                                            5

                                                            0

                                                            B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                            Deuteron EDM

                                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                            radi

                                                            al E

                                                            -fie

                                                            ld (

                                                            MV

                                                            m)

                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                            Technological challenges

                                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                            )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                            COSY Concept for Snake

                                                            bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                            bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                            bull Cryogen-free system

                                                            bull Should be available in 2012

                                                            Bdl (Tm)

                                                            pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                            3329

                                                            PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                            1994

                                                            PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                            Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                            13887

                                                            ANKE

                                                            PAXPAX

                                                            ANKE

                                                            An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                            E and B fields

                                                            59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                            100 200 300 400 5000

                                                            10

                                                            20

                                                            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                            Helion EDM

                                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                            radi

                                                            us (

                                                            m)

                                                            100 200 300 400 5000

                                                            10

                                                            20

                                                            30

                                                            B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                            Helion EDM

                                                            kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                            radi

                                                            al E

                                                            -fie

                                                            ld (

                                                            MV

                                                            m)

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                            Snake

                                                            Snake only

                                                            Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                            Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                            2

                                                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                            Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                            Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                            bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                            bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                            bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                            bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                            2 1010 4 10

                                                            10 6 1010

                                                            0

                                                            02

                                                            04

                                                            06

                                                            08

                                                            d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                            n (number of turns)

                                                            P(n

                                                            )P

                                                            (n)

                                                            n (number of turns)

                                                            dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                            2

                                                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                            Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                            PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                            It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                            bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                            bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                            bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                            bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                            Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                            p and d at same momentum

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                            PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                            stored d

                                                            RF E-fieldvertical

                                                            polarization

                                                            spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                            Two situations

                                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                            This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                            51011000 ss

                                                            growsPP

                                                            dropsP

                                                            zx

                                                            y

                                                            22

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                            Constant E-field

                                                            Number of turns

                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                            Number of turns

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                            Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                            2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                            Number of turns

                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                            PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                            Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                            E

                                                            BBvddt

                                                            sd )(

                                                            Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                            bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                            bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                            bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                            bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                            bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                            Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                            bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                            Summary

                                                            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Spare transparencies

                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                            Momentum vector

                                                            bull Lower energy particle

                                                            bull hellipjust right

                                                            bull Higher energy particle

                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                            2

                                                            2

                                                            1

                                                            1

                                                            2

                                                            gG

                                                            c

                                                            EGBG

                                                            m

                                                            eG

                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                            0 EB

                                                            G

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                            11

                                                            01

                                                            12

                                                            G

                                                            G

                                                            G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                            Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                            G

                                                            mp

                                                            G 1

                                                            1

                                                            μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                            Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            spin manipulation

                                                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                            snakesCOn

                                                            COn

                                                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                            spin closed orbit

                                                            180o

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Machine acceptance

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                            lost

                                                            cooled

                                                            targetring acceptance

                                                            beam

                                                            In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                            the target dominates beam loss

                                                            K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                            Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                            COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                            Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                            Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                            IBeam

                                                            time

                                                            COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                            PAX

                                                            Need for a high precision BCT

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                            Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                            Technological challenges

                                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                                            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                            ParticleAtom

                                                            Current EDM Limit

                                                            Future Goal

                                                            dn equivalent

                                                            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                            Spin Precession

                                                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                            )()(dt

                                                            dEvBBvEd

                                                            S

                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                            dt

                                                            dBEd

                                                            S

                                                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                            0G

                                                            Edt

                                                            s

                                                            d

                                                            d

                                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                            COn

                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                            Polarization not affected

                                                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                            COn

                                                            COn

                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                            Simple model

                                                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                            referenceoscillation

                                                            decoherencetime

                                                            oscillationcapture

                                                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                            RF solenoid on off on

                                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                            stored d

                                                            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                            polarization

                                                            Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                            growsPP

                                                            dropsP

                                                            zx

                                                            y

                                                            22

                                                            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                            Conclusion from simple model

                                                            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                            dt

                                                            dBEd

                                                            S

                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                            EDM Cooperation

                                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                            International srEDM Network

                                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                            DOE-Proposal

                                                            Study Group

                                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                            Copied from K Jungmann

                                                            History of neutron EDM limits

                                                            Adopted from K Kirch

                                                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                            Momentum vector

                                                            Lower energy particle

                                                            hellipjust right

                                                            Higher energy particle

                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                            2

                                                            2

                                                            1

                                                            1

                                                            2

                                                            gG

                                                            c

                                                            EGBG

                                                            m

                                                            eG

                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                            0 EB

                                                            G

                                                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                            c

                                                            EGBG

                                                            m

                                                            eG

                                                            1

                                                            1

                                                            2

                                                            edmG

                                                            0 EB

                                                            B

                                                            c

                                                            E

                                                            S

                                                            cdedm

                                                            Systematic Effects

                                                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                            2

                                                            c

                                                            EVsys

                                                            R

                                                            V

                                                            E

                                                            E

                                                            d

                                                            GR

                                                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                            Radial precession

                                                            Needs to be minimized

                                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                            EDM Projects

                                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                                            spin as a function of time

                                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                            EDM at COSY

                                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                            Juumllich

                                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                            Number of turns

                                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                            Number of turns

                                                            22zx PPP

                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                            17

                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                            18

                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                            Cooled

                                                            Uncooled

                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                            19

                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                            Cooled

                                                            Uncooled

                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                            t t=Lv

                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                            for one year measurement

                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                            3

                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                            • Layout
                                                            • Slide 3
                                                            • Slide 4
                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                            • Slide 7
                                                            • Slide 8
                                                            • Slide 9
                                                            • Slide 10
                                                            • Slide 11
                                                            • Slide 12
                                                            • Slide 13
                                                            • Slide 14
                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                            • Slide 17
                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                            • Slide 19
                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                            • Slide 21
                                                            • Slide 22
                                                            • Slide 23
                                                            • Slide 24
                                                            • Slide 25
                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                            • Slide 28
                                                            • Slide 29
                                                            • Summary 2
                                                            • Slide 31
                                                            • Slide 32
                                                            • Slide 33
                                                            • Slide 34
                                                            • Slide 35
                                                            • Slide 36
                                                            • Slide 37
                                                            • Slide 38
                                                            • Slide 39
                                                            • Slide 40
                                                            • Slide 41
                                                            • Slide 42
                                                            • Slide 43
                                                            • Slide 44
                                                            • Slide 45
                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                            • Slide 47
                                                            • Slide 48
                                                            • Slide 49
                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                            • Slide 51
                                                            • Slide 52
                                                            • Slide 53
                                                            • Slide 54
                                                            • Slide 55
                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                            • Slide 57
                                                            • Slide 58
                                                            • Slide 59
                                                            • Slide 60
                                                            • Slide 61
                                                            • Slide 62
                                                            • Slide 63
                                                            • Slide 64
                                                            • Slide 65
                                                            • Slide 66
                                                            • Slide 67
                                                            • Slide 68
                                                            • Slide 69
                                                            • Slide 70
                                                            • Slide 71
                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                            • Slide 74
                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                            • Slide 78
                                                            • Slide 79
                                                            • Slide 80
                                                            • Slide 81
                                                            • Slide 82
                                                            • Slide 83
                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                            • Slide 86
                                                            • Slide 87
                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                            • Slide 89
                                                            • Slide 90
                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                            • Slide 93
                                                            • Slide 94
                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                            • Slide 97
                                                            • Slide 98
                                                            • Slide 99
                                                            • Slide 100
                                                            • Slide 101
                                                            • Slide 102
                                                            • Slide 103
                                                            • Slide 104
                                                            • Slide 105
                                                            • Slide 106
                                                            • Slide 107
                                                            • Slide 108
                                                            • Slide 109
                                                            • Slide 110
                                                            • Slide 111

                                                              An all-in-one machine Protons

                                                              E-field only

                                                              54Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                              5 10 15 20 25 30 350

                                                              20

                                                              40

                                                              60

                                                              80

                                                              100

                                                              Proton EDM

                                                              E-field (MVm)

                                                              radi

                                                              us (

                                                              m)

                                                              r1 E( )

                                                              E

                                                              r2 250 md 048 Gd Zd 844

                                                              r2 280 m3He 00575 G3He Z3He 21959

                                                              An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                              E and B fields

                                                              55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                              100 200 300 400 5000

                                                              10

                                                              20

                                                              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                              Deuteron EDM

                                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                              radi

                                                              us (

                                                              m)

                                                              100 200 300 400 50015

                                                              10

                                                              5

                                                              0

                                                              B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                              Deuteron EDM

                                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                              radi

                                                              al E

                                                              -fie

                                                              ld (

                                                              MV

                                                              m)

                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                              Technological challenges

                                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                              )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                              COSY Concept for Snake

                                                              bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                              bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                              bull Cryogen-free system

                                                              bull Should be available in 2012

                                                              Bdl (Tm)

                                                              pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                              3329

                                                              PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                              1994

                                                              PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                              Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                              13887

                                                              ANKE

                                                              PAXPAX

                                                              ANKE

                                                              An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                              E and B fields

                                                              59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                              100 200 300 400 5000

                                                              10

                                                              20

                                                              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                              Helion EDM

                                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                              radi

                                                              us (

                                                              m)

                                                              100 200 300 400 5000

                                                              10

                                                              20

                                                              30

                                                              B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                              Helion EDM

                                                              kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                              radi

                                                              al E

                                                              -fie

                                                              ld (

                                                              MV

                                                              m)

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                              Snake

                                                              Snake only

                                                              Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                              Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                              2

                                                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                              Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                              Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                              bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                              bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                              bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                              bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                              2 1010 4 10

                                                              10 6 1010

                                                              0

                                                              02

                                                              04

                                                              06

                                                              08

                                                              d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                              n (number of turns)

                                                              P(n

                                                              )P

                                                              (n)

                                                              n (number of turns)

                                                              dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                              2

                                                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                              Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                              PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                              It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                              bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                              bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                              bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                              bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                              Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                              p and d at same momentum

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                              PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                              stored d

                                                              RF E-fieldvertical

                                                              polarization

                                                              spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                              Two situations

                                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                              This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                              51011000 ss

                                                              growsPP

                                                              dropsP

                                                              zx

                                                              y

                                                              22

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                              Constant E-field

                                                              Number of turns

                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                              Number of turns

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                              Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                              2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                              Number of turns

                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                              PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                              Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                              E

                                                              BBvddt

                                                              sd )(

                                                              Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                              bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                              bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                              bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                              bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                              bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                              Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                              bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                              Summary

                                                              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              Spare transparencies

                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                              Momentum vector

                                                              bull Lower energy particle

                                                              bull hellipjust right

                                                              bull Higher energy particle

                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                              2

                                                              2

                                                              1

                                                              1

                                                              2

                                                              gG

                                                              c

                                                              EGBG

                                                              m

                                                              eG

                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                              0 EB

                                                              G

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                              11

                                                              01

                                                              12

                                                              G

                                                              G

                                                              G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                              Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                              G

                                                              mp

                                                              G 1

                                                              1

                                                              μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                              Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              spin manipulation

                                                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                              snakesCOn

                                                              COn

                                                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                              spin closed orbit

                                                              180o

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              Machine acceptance

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                              lost

                                                              cooled

                                                              targetring acceptance

                                                              beam

                                                              In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                              the target dominates beam loss

                                                              K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                              Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                              COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                              Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                              Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                              IBeam

                                                              time

                                                              COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                              PAX

                                                              Need for a high precision BCT

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                              Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                              bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                              Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                              Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                              A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                              D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                              Technological challenges

                                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                                              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                              ParticleAtom

                                                              Current EDM Limit

                                                              Future Goal

                                                              dn equivalent

                                                              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                              Spin Precession

                                                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                              )()(dt

                                                              dEvBBvEd

                                                              S

                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                              dt

                                                              dBEd

                                                              S

                                                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                              0G

                                                              Edt

                                                              s

                                                              d

                                                              d

                                                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                              COn

                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                              Polarization not affected

                                                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                              COn

                                                              COn

                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                              Simple model

                                                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                              referenceoscillation

                                                              decoherencetime

                                                              oscillationcapture

                                                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                              RF solenoid on off on

                                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                              stored d

                                                              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                              polarization

                                                              Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                              growsPP

                                                              dropsP

                                                              zx

                                                              y

                                                              22

                                                              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                              Conclusion from simple model

                                                              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                              dt

                                                              dBEd

                                                              S

                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                              EDM Cooperation

                                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                              International srEDM Network

                                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                              DOE-Proposal

                                                              Study Group

                                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                              Copied from K Jungmann

                                                              History of neutron EDM limits

                                                              Adopted from K Kirch

                                                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                              Momentum vector

                                                              Lower energy particle

                                                              hellipjust right

                                                              Higher energy particle

                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                              2

                                                              2

                                                              1

                                                              1

                                                              2

                                                              gG

                                                              c

                                                              EGBG

                                                              m

                                                              eG

                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                              0 EB

                                                              G

                                                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                              c

                                                              EGBG

                                                              m

                                                              eG

                                                              1

                                                              1

                                                              2

                                                              edmG

                                                              0 EB

                                                              B

                                                              c

                                                              E

                                                              S

                                                              cdedm

                                                              Systematic Effects

                                                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                              2

                                                              c

                                                              EVsys

                                                              R

                                                              V

                                                              E

                                                              E

                                                              d

                                                              GR

                                                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                              Radial precession

                                                              Needs to be minimized

                                                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                              EDM Projects

                                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                                              spin as a function of time

                                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                              EDM at COSY

                                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                              Juumllich

                                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                              Number of turns

                                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                              Number of turns

                                                              22zx PPP

                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                              17

                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                              18

                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                              Cooled

                                                              Uncooled

                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                              19

                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                              Cooled

                                                              Uncooled

                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                              t t=Lv

                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                              for one year measurement

                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                              3

                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                              • Layout
                                                              • Slide 3
                                                              • Slide 4
                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                              • Slide 7
                                                              • Slide 8
                                                              • Slide 9
                                                              • Slide 10
                                                              • Slide 11
                                                              • Slide 12
                                                              • Slide 13
                                                              • Slide 14
                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                              • Slide 17
                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                              • Slide 19
                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                              • Slide 21
                                                              • Slide 22
                                                              • Slide 23
                                                              • Slide 24
                                                              • Slide 25
                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                              • Slide 28
                                                              • Slide 29
                                                              • Summary 2
                                                              • Slide 31
                                                              • Slide 32
                                                              • Slide 33
                                                              • Slide 34
                                                              • Slide 35
                                                              • Slide 36
                                                              • Slide 37
                                                              • Slide 38
                                                              • Slide 39
                                                              • Slide 40
                                                              • Slide 41
                                                              • Slide 42
                                                              • Slide 43
                                                              • Slide 44
                                                              • Slide 45
                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                              • Slide 47
                                                              • Slide 48
                                                              • Slide 49
                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                              • Slide 51
                                                              • Slide 52
                                                              • Slide 53
                                                              • Slide 54
                                                              • Slide 55
                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                              • Slide 57
                                                              • Slide 58
                                                              • Slide 59
                                                              • Slide 60
                                                              • Slide 61
                                                              • Slide 62
                                                              • Slide 63
                                                              • Slide 64
                                                              • Slide 65
                                                              • Slide 66
                                                              • Slide 67
                                                              • Slide 68
                                                              • Slide 69
                                                              • Slide 70
                                                              • Slide 71
                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                              • Slide 74
                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                              • Slide 78
                                                              • Slide 79
                                                              • Slide 80
                                                              • Slide 81
                                                              • Slide 82
                                                              • Slide 83
                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                              • Slide 86
                                                              • Slide 87
                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                              • Slide 89
                                                              • Slide 90
                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                              • Slide 93
                                                              • Slide 94
                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                              • Slide 97
                                                              • Slide 98
                                                              • Slide 99
                                                              • Slide 100
                                                              • Slide 101
                                                              • Slide 102
                                                              • Slide 103
                                                              • Slide 104
                                                              • Slide 105
                                                              • Slide 106
                                                              • Slide 107
                                                              • Slide 108
                                                              • Slide 109
                                                              • Slide 110
                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                An all-in-one machine Deuterons

                                                                E and B fields

                                                                55Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                10

                                                                20

                                                                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                                Deuteron EDM

                                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                radi

                                                                us (

                                                                m)

                                                                100 200 300 400 50015

                                                                10

                                                                5

                                                                0

                                                                B=01 TB=02 TB=03 T

                                                                Deuteron EDM

                                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                radi

                                                                al E

                                                                -fie

                                                                ld (

                                                                MV

                                                                m)

                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                Technological challenges

                                                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                                COSY Concept for Snake

                                                                bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                                bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                                bull Cryogen-free system

                                                                bull Should be available in 2012

                                                                Bdl (Tm)

                                                                pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                                3329

                                                                PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                                1994

                                                                PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                                Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                                13887

                                                                ANKE

                                                                PAXPAX

                                                                ANKE

                                                                An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                                E and B fields

                                                                59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                10

                                                                20

                                                                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                Helion EDM

                                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                radi

                                                                us (

                                                                m)

                                                                100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                10

                                                                20

                                                                30

                                                                B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                Helion EDM

                                                                kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                radi

                                                                al E

                                                                -fie

                                                                ld (

                                                                MV

                                                                m)

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                Snake

                                                                Snake only

                                                                Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                2

                                                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                2 1010 4 10

                                                                10 6 1010

                                                                0

                                                                02

                                                                04

                                                                06

                                                                08

                                                                d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                n (number of turns)

                                                                P(n

                                                                )P

                                                                (n)

                                                                n (number of turns)

                                                                dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                2

                                                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                p and d at same momentum

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                stored d

                                                                RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                polarization

                                                                spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                Two situations

                                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                51011000 ss

                                                                growsPP

                                                                dropsP

                                                                zx

                                                                y

                                                                22

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                Constant E-field

                                                                Number of turns

                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                Number of turns

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                Number of turns

                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                E

                                                                BBvddt

                                                                sd )(

                                                                Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                Summary

                                                                Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                Spare transparencies

                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                bull Lower energy particle

                                                                bull hellipjust right

                                                                bull Higher energy particle

                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                2

                                                                2

                                                                1

                                                                1

                                                                2

                                                                gG

                                                                c

                                                                EGBG

                                                                m

                                                                eG

                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                0 EB

                                                                G

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                11

                                                                01

                                                                12

                                                                G

                                                                G

                                                                G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                G

                                                                mp

                                                                G 1

                                                                1

                                                                μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                spin manipulation

                                                                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                snakesCOn

                                                                COn

                                                                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                spin closed orbit

                                                                180o

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                Machine acceptance

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                lost

                                                                cooled

                                                                targetring acceptance

                                                                beam

                                                                In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                the target dominates beam loss

                                                                K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                IBeam

                                                                time

                                                                COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                PAX

                                                                Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                Technological challenges

                                                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                ParticleAtom

                                                                Current EDM Limit

                                                                Future Goal

                                                                dn equivalent

                                                                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                Spin Precession

                                                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                )()(dt

                                                                dEvBBvEd

                                                                S

                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                dt

                                                                dBEd

                                                                S

                                                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                0G

                                                                Edt

                                                                s

                                                                d

                                                                d

                                                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                COn

                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                Polarization not affected

                                                                Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                COn

                                                                COn

                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                Simple model

                                                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                referenceoscillation

                                                                decoherencetime

                                                                oscillationcapture

                                                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                RF solenoid on off on

                                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                stored d

                                                                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                polarization

                                                                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                growsPP

                                                                dropsP

                                                                zx

                                                                y

                                                                22

                                                                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                Conclusion from simple model

                                                                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                dt

                                                                dBEd

                                                                S

                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                EDM Cooperation

                                                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                International srEDM Network

                                                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                DOE-Proposal

                                                                Study Group

                                                                Precursor Ring Design

                                                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                Lower energy particle

                                                                hellipjust right

                                                                Higher energy particle

                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                2

                                                                2

                                                                1

                                                                1

                                                                2

                                                                gG

                                                                c

                                                                EGBG

                                                                m

                                                                eG

                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                0 EB

                                                                G

                                                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                c

                                                                EGBG

                                                                m

                                                                eG

                                                                1

                                                                1

                                                                2

                                                                edmG

                                                                0 EB

                                                                B

                                                                c

                                                                E

                                                                S

                                                                cdedm

                                                                Systematic Effects

                                                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                2

                                                                c

                                                                EVsys

                                                                R

                                                                V

                                                                E

                                                                E

                                                                d

                                                                GR

                                                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                Radial precession

                                                                Needs to be minimized

                                                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                EDM Projects

                                                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                Internal Polarimeter

                                                                spin as a function of time

                                                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                EDM at COSY

                                                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                Spin Coherence Time

                                                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                Beam Position Monitor

                                                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                BNLRHIC IP

                                                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                Juumllich

                                                                Proton EDMBNL

                                                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                Number of turns

                                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                Number of turns

                                                                22zx PPP

                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                17

                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                18

                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                Cooled

                                                                Uncooled

                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                19

                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                Cooled

                                                                Uncooled

                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                t t=Lv

                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                3

                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                • Layout
                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                  Technological challenges

                                                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                  )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                                  COSY Concept for Snake

                                                                  bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                                  bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                                  bull Cryogen-free system

                                                                  bull Should be available in 2012

                                                                  Bdl (Tm)

                                                                  pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                                  3329

                                                                  PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                                  1994

                                                                  PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                                  Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                                  13887

                                                                  ANKE

                                                                  PAXPAX

                                                                  ANKE

                                                                  An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                                  E and B fields

                                                                  59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                  10

                                                                  20

                                                                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                  Helion EDM

                                                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                  radi

                                                                  us (

                                                                  m)

                                                                  100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                  10

                                                                  20

                                                                  30

                                                                  B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                  Helion EDM

                                                                  kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                  radi

                                                                  al E

                                                                  -fie

                                                                  ld (

                                                                  MV

                                                                  m)

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                  Snake

                                                                  Snake only

                                                                  Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                  Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                  2

                                                                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                  Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                  Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                  bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                  bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                  bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                  bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                  2 1010 4 10

                                                                  10 6 1010

                                                                  0

                                                                  02

                                                                  04

                                                                  06

                                                                  08

                                                                  d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                  n (number of turns)

                                                                  P(n

                                                                  )P

                                                                  (n)

                                                                  n (number of turns)

                                                                  dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                  2

                                                                  nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                  SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                  Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                  PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                  It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                  bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                  bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                  bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                  bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                  Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                  p and d at same momentum

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                  PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                  stored d

                                                                  RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                  polarization

                                                                  spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                  Two situations

                                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                  This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                  51011000 ss

                                                                  growsPP

                                                                  dropsP

                                                                  zx

                                                                  y

                                                                  22

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                  Constant E-field

                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                  Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                  2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                  PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                  Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                  E

                                                                  BBvddt

                                                                  sd )(

                                                                  Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                  bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                  bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                  bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                  bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                  bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                  Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                  bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                  Summary

                                                                  Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                  ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                  ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  Spare transparencies

                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                  bull Lower energy particle

                                                                  bull hellipjust right

                                                                  bull Higher energy particle

                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                  2

                                                                  2

                                                                  1

                                                                  1

                                                                  2

                                                                  gG

                                                                  c

                                                                  EGBG

                                                                  m

                                                                  eG

                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                  0 EB

                                                                  G

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                  11

                                                                  01

                                                                  12

                                                                  G

                                                                  G

                                                                  G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                  Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                  G

                                                                  mp

                                                                  G 1

                                                                  1

                                                                  μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                  Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  spin manipulation

                                                                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                  snakesCOn

                                                                  COn

                                                                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                  spin closed orbit

                                                                  180o

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  Machine acceptance

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                  lost

                                                                  cooled

                                                                  targetring acceptance

                                                                  beam

                                                                  In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                  the target dominates beam loss

                                                                  K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                  Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                  COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                  Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                  Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                  IBeam

                                                                  time

                                                                  COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                  PAX

                                                                  Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                  Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                  bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                  Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                  Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                  A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                  D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                  Technological challenges

                                                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                  Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                  Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                  Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                  ParticleAtom

                                                                  Current EDM Limit

                                                                  Future Goal

                                                                  dn equivalent

                                                                  Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                  199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                  129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                  Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                  Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                  Spin Precession

                                                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                  )()(dt

                                                                  dEvBBvEd

                                                                  S

                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                  dt

                                                                  dBEd

                                                                  S

                                                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                  0G

                                                                  Edt

                                                                  s

                                                                  d

                                                                  d

                                                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                  COn

                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                  Polarization not affected

                                                                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                  COn

                                                                  COn

                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                  Simple model

                                                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                  referenceoscillation

                                                                  decoherencetime

                                                                  oscillationcapture

                                                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                  stored d

                                                                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                  polarization

                                                                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                  growsPP

                                                                  dropsP

                                                                  zx

                                                                  y

                                                                  22

                                                                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                  Conclusion from simple model

                                                                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                  dt

                                                                  dBEd

                                                                  S

                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                  EDM Cooperation

                                                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                  International srEDM Network

                                                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                  DOE-Proposal

                                                                  Study Group

                                                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                  Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                  Lower energy particle

                                                                  hellipjust right

                                                                  Higher energy particle

                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                  2

                                                                  2

                                                                  1

                                                                  1

                                                                  2

                                                                  gG

                                                                  c

                                                                  EGBG

                                                                  m

                                                                  eG

                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                  0 EB

                                                                  G

                                                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                  c

                                                                  EGBG

                                                                  m

                                                                  eG

                                                                  1

                                                                  1

                                                                  2

                                                                  edmG

                                                                  0 EB

                                                                  B

                                                                  c

                                                                  E

                                                                  S

                                                                  cdedm

                                                                  Systematic Effects

                                                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                  2

                                                                  c

                                                                  EVsys

                                                                  R

                                                                  V

                                                                  E

                                                                  E

                                                                  d

                                                                  GR

                                                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                  Radial precession

                                                                  Needs to be minimized

                                                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                  EDM Projects

                                                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                                                  spin as a function of time

                                                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                  EDM at COSY

                                                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                  Juumllich

                                                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                  22zx PPP

                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                  17

                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                  18

                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                  Cooled

                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                  19

                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                  Cooled

                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                  t t=Lv

                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                  for one year measurement

                                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                  3

                                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                  • Layout
                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                  • Slide 111

                                                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                    Technological challenges

                                                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 57Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                    )(1052 29 yearonecmepd

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                                    COSY Concept for Snake

                                                                    bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                                    bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                                    bull Cryogen-free system

                                                                    bull Should be available in 2012

                                                                    Bdl (Tm)

                                                                    pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                                    3329

                                                                    PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                                    1994

                                                                    PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                                    Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                                    13887

                                                                    ANKE

                                                                    PAXPAX

                                                                    ANKE

                                                                    An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                                    E and B fields

                                                                    59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                    10

                                                                    20

                                                                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                    Helion EDM

                                                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                    radi

                                                                    us (

                                                                    m)

                                                                    100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                    10

                                                                    20

                                                                    30

                                                                    B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                    Helion EDM

                                                                    kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                    radi

                                                                    al E

                                                                    -fie

                                                                    ld (

                                                                    MV

                                                                    m)

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                    Snake

                                                                    Snake only

                                                                    Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                    Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                    2

                                                                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                    Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                    Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                    bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                    bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                    bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                    bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                    2 1010 4 10

                                                                    10 6 1010

                                                                    0

                                                                    02

                                                                    04

                                                                    06

                                                                    08

                                                                    d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                    n (number of turns)

                                                                    P(n

                                                                    )P

                                                                    (n)

                                                                    n (number of turns)

                                                                    dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                    2

                                                                    nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                    SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                    Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                    PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                    It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                    bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                    bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                    bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                    bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                    Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                    p and d at same momentum

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                    PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                    stored d

                                                                    RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                    polarization

                                                                    spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                    Two situations

                                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                    This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                    51011000 ss

                                                                    growsPP

                                                                    dropsP

                                                                    zx

                                                                    y

                                                                    22

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                    Constant E-field

                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                    Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                    2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                    PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                    Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                    E

                                                                    BBvddt

                                                                    sd )(

                                                                    Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                    bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                    bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                    bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                    bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                    bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                    Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                    bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                    Summary

                                                                    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    Spare transparencies

                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                    bull Lower energy particle

                                                                    bull hellipjust right

                                                                    bull Higher energy particle

                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                    2

                                                                    2

                                                                    1

                                                                    1

                                                                    2

                                                                    gG

                                                                    c

                                                                    EGBG

                                                                    m

                                                                    eG

                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                    0 EB

                                                                    G

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                    11

                                                                    01

                                                                    12

                                                                    G

                                                                    G

                                                                    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                    G

                                                                    mp

                                                                    G 1

                                                                    1

                                                                    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    spin manipulation

                                                                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                    snakesCOn

                                                                    COn

                                                                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                    spin closed orbit

                                                                    180o

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    Machine acceptance

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                    lost

                                                                    cooled

                                                                    targetring acceptance

                                                                    beam

                                                                    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                    the target dominates beam loss

                                                                    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                    IBeam

                                                                    time

                                                                    COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                    PAX

                                                                    Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                    Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                    Technological challenges

                                                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                    ParticleAtom

                                                                    Current EDM Limit

                                                                    Future Goal

                                                                    dn equivalent

                                                                    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                    Spin Precession

                                                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                    )()(dt

                                                                    dEvBBvEd

                                                                    S

                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                    dt

                                                                    dBEd

                                                                    S

                                                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                    0G

                                                                    Edt

                                                                    s

                                                                    d

                                                                    d

                                                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                    COn

                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                    Polarization not affected

                                                                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                    COn

                                                                    COn

                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                    Simple model

                                                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                    referenceoscillation

                                                                    decoherencetime

                                                                    oscillationcapture

                                                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                    stored d

                                                                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                    polarization

                                                                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                    growsPP

                                                                    dropsP

                                                                    zx

                                                                    y

                                                                    22

                                                                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                    Conclusion from simple model

                                                                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                    dt

                                                                    dBEd

                                                                    S

                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                    EDM Cooperation

                                                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                    International srEDM Network

                                                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                    DOE-Proposal

                                                                    Study Group

                                                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                    Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                    History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                    Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                    Lower energy particle

                                                                    hellipjust right

                                                                    Higher energy particle

                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                    2

                                                                    2

                                                                    1

                                                                    1

                                                                    2

                                                                    gG

                                                                    c

                                                                    EGBG

                                                                    m

                                                                    eG

                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                    0 EB

                                                                    G

                                                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                    c

                                                                    EGBG

                                                                    m

                                                                    eG

                                                                    1

                                                                    1

                                                                    2

                                                                    edmG

                                                                    0 EB

                                                                    B

                                                                    c

                                                                    E

                                                                    S

                                                                    cdedm

                                                                    Systematic Effects

                                                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                    2

                                                                    c

                                                                    EVsys

                                                                    R

                                                                    V

                                                                    E

                                                                    E

                                                                    d

                                                                    GR

                                                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                    Radial precession

                                                                    Needs to be minimized

                                                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                    EDM Projects

                                                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                                                    spin as a function of time

                                                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                    EDM at COSY

                                                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                    Juumllich

                                                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                    22zx PPP

                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                    17

                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                    18

                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                    Cooled

                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                    19

                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                    Cooled

                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                    t t=Lv

                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                    for one year measurement

                                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                    3

                                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                    • Layout
                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                    • Slide 8
                                                                    • Slide 9
                                                                    • Slide 10
                                                                    • Slide 11
                                                                    • Slide 12
                                                                    • Slide 13
                                                                    • Slide 14
                                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                                    • Slide 17
                                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                    • Slide 19
                                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                                    • Slide 21
                                                                    • Slide 22
                                                                    • Slide 23
                                                                    • Slide 24
                                                                    • Slide 25
                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                                    • Slide 28
                                                                    • Slide 29
                                                                    • Summary 2
                                                                    • Slide 31
                                                                    • Slide 32
                                                                    • Slide 33
                                                                    • Slide 34
                                                                    • Slide 35
                                                                    • Slide 36
                                                                    • Slide 37
                                                                    • Slide 38
                                                                    • Slide 39
                                                                    • Slide 40
                                                                    • Slide 41
                                                                    • Slide 42
                                                                    • Slide 43
                                                                    • Slide 44
                                                                    • Slide 45
                                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                                    • Slide 47
                                                                    • Slide 48
                                                                    • Slide 49
                                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                                    • Slide 51
                                                                    • Slide 52
                                                                    • Slide 53
                                                                    • Slide 54
                                                                    • Slide 55
                                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                    • Slide 57
                                                                    • Slide 58
                                                                    • Slide 59
                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                    • Slide 66
                                                                    • Slide 67
                                                                    • Slide 68
                                                                    • Slide 69
                                                                    • Slide 70
                                                                    • Slide 71
                                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                    • Slide 74
                                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                    • Slide 78
                                                                    • Slide 79
                                                                    • Slide 80
                                                                    • Slide 81
                                                                    • Slide 82
                                                                    • Slide 83
                                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                    • Slide 86
                                                                    • Slide 87
                                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                    • Slide 89
                                                                    • Slide 90
                                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                                    • Slide 93
                                                                    • Slide 94
                                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                    • Slide 97
                                                                    • Slide 98
                                                                    • Slide 99
                                                                    • Slide 100
                                                                    • Slide 101
                                                                    • Slide 102
                                                                    • Slide 103
                                                                    • Slide 104
                                                                    • Slide 105
                                                                    • Slide 106
                                                                    • Slide 107
                                                                    • Slide 108
                                                                    • Slide 109
                                                                    • Slide 110
                                                                    • Slide 111

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 58

                                                                      COSY Concept for Snake

                                                                      bull Should allow for flexible use at two locations

                                                                      bull Fast ramping (lt 30s)

                                                                      bull Cryogen-free system

                                                                      bull Should be available in 2012

                                                                      Bdl (Tm)

                                                                      pnrarrppsπ- at 353 MeV

                                                                      3329

                                                                      PAX at COSY 140 MeV

                                                                      1994

                                                                      PAX at AD 500 MeV 4090

                                                                      Tmax at COSY 288 GeV

                                                                      13887

                                                                      ANKE

                                                                      PAXPAX

                                                                      ANKE

                                                                      An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                                      E and B fields

                                                                      59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                      10

                                                                      20

                                                                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                      Helion EDM

                                                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                      radi

                                                                      us (

                                                                      m)

                                                                      100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                      10

                                                                      20

                                                                      30

                                                                      B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                      Helion EDM

                                                                      kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                      radi

                                                                      al E

                                                                      -fie

                                                                      ld (

                                                                      MV

                                                                      m)

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                      Snake

                                                                      Snake only

                                                                      Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                      Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                      2

                                                                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                      Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                      Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                      bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                      bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                      bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                      bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                      2 1010 4 10

                                                                      10 6 1010

                                                                      0

                                                                      02

                                                                      04

                                                                      06

                                                                      08

                                                                      d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                      n (number of turns)

                                                                      P(n

                                                                      )P

                                                                      (n)

                                                                      n (number of turns)

                                                                      dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                      2

                                                                      nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                      SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                      Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                      PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                      It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                      bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                      bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                      bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                      bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                      Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                      p and d at same momentum

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                      PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                      stored d

                                                                      RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                      polarization

                                                                      spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                      Two situations

                                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                      This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                      51011000 ss

                                                                      growsPP

                                                                      dropsP

                                                                      zx

                                                                      y

                                                                      22

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                      Constant E-field

                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                      Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                      2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                      PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                      Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                      E

                                                                      BBvddt

                                                                      sd )(

                                                                      Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                      bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                      bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                      bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                      bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                      bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                      Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                      bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                      Summary

                                                                      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      Spare transparencies

                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                      bull Lower energy particle

                                                                      bull hellipjust right

                                                                      bull Higher energy particle

                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                      2

                                                                      2

                                                                      1

                                                                      1

                                                                      2

                                                                      gG

                                                                      c

                                                                      EGBG

                                                                      m

                                                                      eG

                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                      0 EB

                                                                      G

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                      11

                                                                      01

                                                                      12

                                                                      G

                                                                      G

                                                                      G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                      Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                      G

                                                                      mp

                                                                      G 1

                                                                      1

                                                                      μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                      Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      spin manipulation

                                                                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                      snakesCOn

                                                                      COn

                                                                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                      spin closed orbit

                                                                      180o

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      Machine acceptance

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                      lost

                                                                      cooled

                                                                      targetring acceptance

                                                                      beam

                                                                      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                      the target dominates beam loss

                                                                      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                      IBeam

                                                                      time

                                                                      COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                      PAX

                                                                      Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                      Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                      Technological challenges

                                                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                      ParticleAtom

                                                                      Current EDM Limit

                                                                      Future Goal

                                                                      dn equivalent

                                                                      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                      Spin Precession

                                                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                      )()(dt

                                                                      dEvBBvEd

                                                                      S

                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                      dt

                                                                      dBEd

                                                                      S

                                                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                      0G

                                                                      Edt

                                                                      s

                                                                      d

                                                                      d

                                                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                      COn

                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                      Polarization not affected

                                                                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                      COn

                                                                      COn

                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                      Simple model

                                                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                      referenceoscillation

                                                                      decoherencetime

                                                                      oscillationcapture

                                                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                      stored d

                                                                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                      polarization

                                                                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                      growsPP

                                                                      dropsP

                                                                      zx

                                                                      y

                                                                      22

                                                                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                      Conclusion from simple model

                                                                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                      dt

                                                                      dBEd

                                                                      S

                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                      EDM Cooperation

                                                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                      International srEDM Network

                                                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                      DOE-Proposal

                                                                      Study Group

                                                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                      Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                      History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                      Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                      Lower energy particle

                                                                      hellipjust right

                                                                      Higher energy particle

                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                      2

                                                                      2

                                                                      1

                                                                      1

                                                                      2

                                                                      gG

                                                                      c

                                                                      EGBG

                                                                      m

                                                                      eG

                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                      0 EB

                                                                      G

                                                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                      c

                                                                      EGBG

                                                                      m

                                                                      eG

                                                                      1

                                                                      1

                                                                      2

                                                                      edmG

                                                                      0 EB

                                                                      B

                                                                      c

                                                                      E

                                                                      S

                                                                      cdedm

                                                                      Systematic Effects

                                                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                      2

                                                                      c

                                                                      EVsys

                                                                      R

                                                                      V

                                                                      E

                                                                      E

                                                                      d

                                                                      GR

                                                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                      Radial precession

                                                                      Needs to be minimized

                                                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                      EDM Projects

                                                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                                                      spin as a function of time

                                                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                      EDM at COSY

                                                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                      Juumllich

                                                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                      22zx PPP

                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                      17

                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                      18

                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                      Cooled

                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                      19

                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                      Cooled

                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                      t t=Lv

                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                      for one year measurement

                                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                      3

                                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                      • Layout
                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                      • Slide 7
                                                                      • Slide 8
                                                                      • Slide 9
                                                                      • Slide 10
                                                                      • Slide 11
                                                                      • Slide 12
                                                                      • Slide 13
                                                                      • Slide 14
                                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                                      • Slide 17
                                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                      • Slide 19
                                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                                      • Slide 21
                                                                      • Slide 22
                                                                      • Slide 23
                                                                      • Slide 24
                                                                      • Slide 25
                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                                      • Slide 28
                                                                      • Slide 29
                                                                      • Summary 2
                                                                      • Slide 31
                                                                      • Slide 32
                                                                      • Slide 33
                                                                      • Slide 34
                                                                      • Slide 35
                                                                      • Slide 36
                                                                      • Slide 37
                                                                      • Slide 38
                                                                      • Slide 39
                                                                      • Slide 40
                                                                      • Slide 41
                                                                      • Slide 42
                                                                      • Slide 43
                                                                      • Slide 44
                                                                      • Slide 45
                                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                                      • Slide 47
                                                                      • Slide 48
                                                                      • Slide 49
                                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                                      • Slide 51
                                                                      • Slide 52
                                                                      • Slide 53
                                                                      • Slide 54
                                                                      • Slide 55
                                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                      • Slide 57
                                                                      • Slide 58
                                                                      • Slide 59
                                                                      • Slide 60
                                                                      • Slide 61
                                                                      • Slide 62
                                                                      • Slide 63
                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                      • Slide 66
                                                                      • Slide 67
                                                                      • Slide 68
                                                                      • Slide 69
                                                                      • Slide 70
                                                                      • Slide 71
                                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                      • Slide 74
                                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                      • Slide 78
                                                                      • Slide 79
                                                                      • Slide 80
                                                                      • Slide 81
                                                                      • Slide 82
                                                                      • Slide 83
                                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                      • Slide 86
                                                                      • Slide 87
                                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                      • Slide 89
                                                                      • Slide 90
                                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                                      • Slide 93
                                                                      • Slide 94
                                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                      • Slide 97
                                                                      • Slide 98
                                                                      • Slide 99
                                                                      • Slide 100
                                                                      • Slide 101
                                                                      • Slide 102
                                                                      • Slide 103
                                                                      • Slide 104
                                                                      • Slide 105
                                                                      • Slide 106
                                                                      • Slide 107
                                                                      • Slide 108
                                                                      • Slide 109
                                                                      • Slide 110
                                                                      • Slide 111

                                                                        An all-in-one machine Helions

                                                                        E and B fields

                                                                        59Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSYfrathmannfz-juelichde

                                                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                        10

                                                                        20

                                                                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                        Helion EDM

                                                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                        radi

                                                                        us (

                                                                        m)

                                                                        100 200 300 400 5000

                                                                        10

                                                                        20

                                                                        30

                                                                        B=005 TB=01 TB=015 T

                                                                        Helion EDM

                                                                        kinetic energy (MeV)

                                                                        radi

                                                                        al E

                                                                        -fie

                                                                        ld (

                                                                        MV

                                                                        m)

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                        Snake

                                                                        Snake only

                                                                        Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                        Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                        2

                                                                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                        Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                        Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                        bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                        bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                        bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                        bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                        2 1010 4 10

                                                                        10 6 1010

                                                                        0

                                                                        02

                                                                        04

                                                                        06

                                                                        08

                                                                        d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                        n (number of turns)

                                                                        P(n

                                                                        )P

                                                                        (n)

                                                                        n (number of turns)

                                                                        dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                        2

                                                                        nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                        SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                        Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                        PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                        It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                        bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                        bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                        bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                        bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                        Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                        p and d at same momentum

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                        PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                        stored d

                                                                        RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                        polarization

                                                                        spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                        Two situations

                                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                        This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                        51011000 ss

                                                                        growsPP

                                                                        dropsP

                                                                        zx

                                                                        y

                                                                        22

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                        Constant E-field

                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                        Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                        2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                        PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                        Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                        E

                                                                        BBvddt

                                                                        sd )(

                                                                        Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                        bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                        bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                        bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                        bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                        bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                        Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                        bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                        Summary

                                                                        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        Spare transparencies

                                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                        Momentum vector

                                                                        bull Lower energy particle

                                                                        bull hellipjust right

                                                                        bull Higher energy particle

                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                        2

                                                                        2

                                                                        1

                                                                        1

                                                                        2

                                                                        gG

                                                                        c

                                                                        EGBG

                                                                        m

                                                                        eG

                                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                        0 EB

                                                                        G

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                        11

                                                                        01

                                                                        12

                                                                        G

                                                                        G

                                                                        G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                        Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                        G

                                                                        mp

                                                                        G 1

                                                                        1

                                                                        μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                        Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        spin manipulation

                                                                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                        snakesCOn

                                                                        COn

                                                                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                        spin closed orbit

                                                                        180o

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        Machine acceptance

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                        lost

                                                                        cooled

                                                                        targetring acceptance

                                                                        beam

                                                                        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                        the target dominates beam loss

                                                                        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                        IBeam

                                                                        time

                                                                        COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                        PAX

                                                                        Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                        Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                        Technological challenges

                                                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                        ParticleAtom

                                                                        Current EDM Limit

                                                                        Future Goal

                                                                        dn equivalent

                                                                        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                        Spin Precession

                                                                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                        )()(dt

                                                                        dEvBBvEd

                                                                        S

                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                        dt

                                                                        dBEd

                                                                        S

                                                                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                        0G

                                                                        Edt

                                                                        s

                                                                        d

                                                                        d

                                                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                        COn

                                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                        Polarization not affected

                                                                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                        COn

                                                                        COn

                                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                        Simple model

                                                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                        referenceoscillation

                                                                        decoherencetime

                                                                        oscillationcapture

                                                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                        stored d

                                                                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                        polarization

                                                                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                        growsPP

                                                                        dropsP

                                                                        zx

                                                                        y

                                                                        22

                                                                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                        Conclusion from simple model

                                                                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                        dt

                                                                        dBEd

                                                                        S

                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                        EDM Cooperation

                                                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                        International srEDM Network

                                                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                        DOE-Proposal

                                                                        Study Group

                                                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                        Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                        History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                        Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                        Momentum vector

                                                                        Lower energy particle

                                                                        hellipjust right

                                                                        Higher energy particle

                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                        2

                                                                        2

                                                                        1

                                                                        1

                                                                        2

                                                                        gG

                                                                        c

                                                                        EGBG

                                                                        m

                                                                        eG

                                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                        0 EB

                                                                        G

                                                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                        c

                                                                        EGBG

                                                                        m

                                                                        eG

                                                                        1

                                                                        1

                                                                        2

                                                                        edmG

                                                                        0 EB

                                                                        B

                                                                        c

                                                                        E

                                                                        S

                                                                        cdedm

                                                                        Systematic Effects

                                                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                        2

                                                                        c

                                                                        EVsys

                                                                        R

                                                                        V

                                                                        E

                                                                        E

                                                                        d

                                                                        GR

                                                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                        Radial precession

                                                                        Needs to be minimized

                                                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                        EDM Projects

                                                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                                                        spin as a function of time

                                                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                        EDM at COSY

                                                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                        Juumllich

                                                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                        22zx PPP

                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                        17

                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                        18

                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                        Cooled

                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                        19

                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                        Cooled

                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                        t t=Lv

                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                        for one year measurement

                                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                        3

                                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                        • Layout
                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                        • Slide 7
                                                                        • Slide 8
                                                                        • Slide 9
                                                                        • Slide 10
                                                                        • Slide 11
                                                                        • Slide 12
                                                                        • Slide 13
                                                                        • Slide 14
                                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                                        • Slide 17
                                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                        • Slide 19
                                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                                        • Slide 21
                                                                        • Slide 22
                                                                        • Slide 23
                                                                        • Slide 24
                                                                        • Slide 25
                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                                        • Slide 28
                                                                        • Slide 29
                                                                        • Summary 2
                                                                        • Slide 31
                                                                        • Slide 32
                                                                        • Slide 33
                                                                        • Slide 34
                                                                        • Slide 35
                                                                        • Slide 36
                                                                        • Slide 37
                                                                        • Slide 38
                                                                        • Slide 39
                                                                        • Slide 40
                                                                        • Slide 41
                                                                        • Slide 42
                                                                        • Slide 43
                                                                        • Slide 44
                                                                        • Slide 45
                                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                                        • Slide 47
                                                                        • Slide 48
                                                                        • Slide 49
                                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                                        • Slide 51
                                                                        • Slide 52
                                                                        • Slide 53
                                                                        • Slide 54
                                                                        • Slide 55
                                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                        • Slide 57
                                                                        • Slide 58
                                                                        • Slide 59
                                                                        • Slide 60
                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                        • Slide 66
                                                                        • Slide 67
                                                                        • Slide 68
                                                                        • Slide 69
                                                                        • Slide 70
                                                                        • Slide 71
                                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                        • Slide 74
                                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                        • Slide 78
                                                                        • Slide 79
                                                                        • Slide 80
                                                                        • Slide 81
                                                                        • Slide 82
                                                                        • Slide 83
                                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                        • Slide 86
                                                                        • Slide 87
                                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                        • Slide 89
                                                                        • Slide 90
                                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                                        • Slide 93
                                                                        • Slide 94
                                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                        • Slide 97
                                                                        • Slide 98
                                                                        • Slide 99
                                                                        • Slide 100
                                                                        • Slide 101
                                                                        • Slide 102
                                                                        • Slide 103
                                                                        • Slide 104
                                                                        • Slide 105
                                                                        • Slide 106
                                                                        • Slide 107
                                                                        • Slide 108
                                                                        • Slide 109
                                                                        • Slide 110
                                                                        • Slide 111

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 60

                                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                          Snake

                                                                          Snake only

                                                                          Siberian snake turns spin closed orbit along longitudinal axis

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                          Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                          2

                                                                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                          Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                          Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                          bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                          bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                          bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                          bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                          2 1010 4 10

                                                                          10 6 1010

                                                                          0

                                                                          02

                                                                          04

                                                                          06

                                                                          08

                                                                          d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                          n (number of turns)

                                                                          P(n

                                                                          )P

                                                                          (n)

                                                                          n (number of turns)

                                                                          dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                          2

                                                                          nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                          SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                          Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                          PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                          It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                          bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                          bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                          bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                          bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                          Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                          p and d at same momentum

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                          PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                          stored d

                                                                          RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                          polarization

                                                                          spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                          Two situations

                                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                          This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                          51011000 ss

                                                                          growsPP

                                                                          dropsP

                                                                          zx

                                                                          y

                                                                          22

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                          Constant E-field

                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                          PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                          Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                          2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                          PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                          Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                          E

                                                                          BBvddt

                                                                          sd )(

                                                                          Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                          bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                          bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                          bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                          bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                          bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                          Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                          bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                          Summary

                                                                          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          Spare transparencies

                                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                          Momentum vector

                                                                          bull Lower energy particle

                                                                          bull hellipjust right

                                                                          bull Higher energy particle

                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                          2

                                                                          2

                                                                          1

                                                                          1

                                                                          2

                                                                          gG

                                                                          c

                                                                          EGBG

                                                                          m

                                                                          eG

                                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                          0 EB

                                                                          G

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                          11

                                                                          01

                                                                          12

                                                                          G

                                                                          G

                                                                          G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                          Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                          G

                                                                          mp

                                                                          G 1

                                                                          1

                                                                          μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                          Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          spin manipulation

                                                                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                          snakesCOn

                                                                          COn

                                                                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                          spin closed orbit

                                                                          180o

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          Machine acceptance

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                          lost

                                                                          cooled

                                                                          targetring acceptance

                                                                          beam

                                                                          In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                          the target dominates beam loss

                                                                          K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                          IBeam

                                                                          time

                                                                          COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                          PAX

                                                                          Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                          Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                          Technological challenges

                                                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                          ParticleAtom

                                                                          Current EDM Limit

                                                                          Future Goal

                                                                          dn equivalent

                                                                          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                          Spin Precession

                                                                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                          )()(dt

                                                                          dEvBBvEd

                                                                          S

                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                          dt

                                                                          dBEd

                                                                          S

                                                                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                          0G

                                                                          Edt

                                                                          s

                                                                          d

                                                                          d

                                                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                          COn

                                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                          Polarization not affected

                                                                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                          COn

                                                                          COn

                                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                          Simple model

                                                                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                          referenceoscillation

                                                                          decoherencetime

                                                                          oscillationcapture

                                                                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                          RF solenoid on off on

                                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                          stored d

                                                                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                          polarization

                                                                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                          growsPP

                                                                          dropsP

                                                                          zx

                                                                          y

                                                                          22

                                                                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                          Conclusion from simple model

                                                                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                          dt

                                                                          dBEd

                                                                          S

                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                          EDM Cooperation

                                                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                          International srEDM Network

                                                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                          DOE-Proposal

                                                                          Study Group

                                                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                          Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                          History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                          Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                          Momentum vector

                                                                          Lower energy particle

                                                                          hellipjust right

                                                                          Higher energy particle

                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                          2

                                                                          2

                                                                          1

                                                                          1

                                                                          2

                                                                          gG

                                                                          c

                                                                          EGBG

                                                                          m

                                                                          eG

                                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                          0 EB

                                                                          G

                                                                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                          c

                                                                          EGBG

                                                                          m

                                                                          eG

                                                                          1

                                                                          1

                                                                          2

                                                                          edmG

                                                                          0 EB

                                                                          B

                                                                          c

                                                                          E

                                                                          S

                                                                          cdedm

                                                                          Systematic Effects

                                                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                          2

                                                                          c

                                                                          EVsys

                                                                          R

                                                                          V

                                                                          E

                                                                          E

                                                                          d

                                                                          GR

                                                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                          Radial precession

                                                                          Needs to be minimized

                                                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                          EDM Projects

                                                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                                                          spin as a function of time

                                                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                          EDM at COSY

                                                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                          Juumllich

                                                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                          22zx PPP

                                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                          17

                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                          18

                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                          Cooled

                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                          19

                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                          Cooled

                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                          t t=Lv

                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                          for one year measurement

                                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                          3

                                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                          • Layout
                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                          • Slide 7
                                                                          • Slide 8
                                                                          • Slide 9
                                                                          • Slide 10
                                                                          • Slide 11
                                                                          • Slide 12
                                                                          • Slide 13
                                                                          • Slide 14
                                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                                          • Slide 17
                                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                          • Slide 19
                                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                                          • Slide 21
                                                                          • Slide 22
                                                                          • Slide 23
                                                                          • Slide 24
                                                                          • Slide 25
                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                                          • Slide 28
                                                                          • Slide 29
                                                                          • Summary 2
                                                                          • Slide 31
                                                                          • Slide 32
                                                                          • Slide 33
                                                                          • Slide 34
                                                                          • Slide 35
                                                                          • Slide 36
                                                                          • Slide 37
                                                                          • Slide 38
                                                                          • Slide 39
                                                                          • Slide 40
                                                                          • Slide 41
                                                                          • Slide 42
                                                                          • Slide 43
                                                                          • Slide 44
                                                                          • Slide 45
                                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                                          • Slide 47
                                                                          • Slide 48
                                                                          • Slide 49
                                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                                          • Slide 51
                                                                          • Slide 52
                                                                          • Slide 53
                                                                          • Slide 54
                                                                          • Slide 55
                                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                          • Slide 57
                                                                          • Slide 58
                                                                          • Slide 59
                                                                          • Slide 60
                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                          • Slide 66
                                                                          • Slide 67
                                                                          • Slide 68
                                                                          • Slide 69
                                                                          • Slide 70
                                                                          • Slide 71
                                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                          • Slide 74
                                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                          • Slide 78
                                                                          • Slide 79
                                                                          • Slide 80
                                                                          • Slide 81
                                                                          • Slide 82
                                                                          • Slide 83
                                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                          • Slide 86
                                                                          • Slide 87
                                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                          • Slide 89
                                                                          • Slide 90
                                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                                          • Slide 93
                                                                          • Slide 94
                                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                          • Slide 97
                                                                          • Slide 98
                                                                          • Slide 99
                                                                          • Slide 100
                                                                          • Slide 101
                                                                          • Slide 102
                                                                          • Slide 103
                                                                          • Slide 104
                                                                          • Slide 105
                                                                          • Slide 106
                                                                          • Slide 107
                                                                          • Slide 108
                                                                          • Slide 109
                                                                          • Slide 110
                                                                          • Slide 111

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 61

                                                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                            Snake + RF E-field odd turns

                                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                            2

                                                                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                            Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                            Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                            bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                            bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                            bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                            bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                            2 1010 4 10

                                                                            10 6 1010

                                                                            0

                                                                            02

                                                                            04

                                                                            06

                                                                            08

                                                                            d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                            n (number of turns)

                                                                            P(n

                                                                            )P

                                                                            (n)

                                                                            n (number of turns)

                                                                            dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                            2

                                                                            nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                            SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                            Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                            PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                            It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                            bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                            bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                            bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                            bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                            Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                            p and d at same momentum

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                            PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                            stored d

                                                                            RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                            polarization

                                                                            spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                            Two situations

                                                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                            This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                            51011000 ss

                                                                            growsPP

                                                                            dropsP

                                                                            zx

                                                                            y

                                                                            22

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                            Constant E-field

                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                            PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                            Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                            2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                            PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                            Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                            E

                                                                            BBvddt

                                                                            sd )(

                                                                            Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                            bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                            bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                            bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                            bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                            bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                            Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                            bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                            Summary

                                                                            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            Spare transparencies

                                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                            Momentum vector

                                                                            bull Lower energy particle

                                                                            bull hellipjust right

                                                                            bull Higher energy particle

                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                            2

                                                                            2

                                                                            1

                                                                            1

                                                                            2

                                                                            gG

                                                                            c

                                                                            EGBG

                                                                            m

                                                                            eG

                                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                            0 EB

                                                                            G

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                            11

                                                                            01

                                                                            12

                                                                            G

                                                                            G

                                                                            G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                            Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                            G

                                                                            mp

                                                                            G 1

                                                                            1

                                                                            μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                            Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            spin manipulation

                                                                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                            snakesCOn

                                                                            COn

                                                                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                            spin closed orbit

                                                                            180o

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            Machine acceptance

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                            lost

                                                                            cooled

                                                                            targetring acceptance

                                                                            beam

                                                                            In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                            the target dominates beam loss

                                                                            K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                            Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                            COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                            Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                            Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                            IBeam

                                                                            time

                                                                            COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                            PAX

                                                                            Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                            Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                            Technological challenges

                                                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                            ParticleAtom

                                                                            Current EDM Limit

                                                                            Future Goal

                                                                            dn equivalent

                                                                            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                            Spin Precession

                                                                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                            )()(dt

                                                                            dEvBBvEd

                                                                            S

                                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                                            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                            dt

                                                                            dBEd

                                                                            S

                                                                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                            0G

                                                                            Edt

                                                                            s

                                                                            d

                                                                            d

                                                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                            COn

                                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                            Polarization not affected

                                                                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                            COn

                                                                            COn

                                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                            Simple model

                                                                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                            referenceoscillation

                                                                            decoherencetime

                                                                            oscillationcapture

                                                                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                            RF solenoid on off on

                                                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                            stored d

                                                                            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                            polarization

                                                                            Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                            growsPP

                                                                            dropsP

                                                                            zx

                                                                            y

                                                                            22

                                                                            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                            Conclusion from simple model

                                                                            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                            dt

                                                                            dBEd

                                                                            S

                                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                            EDM Cooperation

                                                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                            International srEDM Network

                                                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                            DOE-Proposal

                                                                            Study Group

                                                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                            Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                            History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                            Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                            Momentum vector

                                                                            Lower energy particle

                                                                            hellipjust right

                                                                            Higher energy particle

                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                            2

                                                                            2

                                                                            1

                                                                            1

                                                                            2

                                                                            gG

                                                                            c

                                                                            EGBG

                                                                            m

                                                                            eG

                                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                            0 EB

                                                                            G

                                                                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                            c

                                                                            EGBG

                                                                            m

                                                                            eG

                                                                            1

                                                                            1

                                                                            2

                                                                            edmG

                                                                            0 EB

                                                                            B

                                                                            c

                                                                            E

                                                                            S

                                                                            cdedm

                                                                            Systematic Effects

                                                                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                            2

                                                                            c

                                                                            EVsys

                                                                            R

                                                                            V

                                                                            E

                                                                            E

                                                                            d

                                                                            GR

                                                                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                            Radial precession

                                                                            Needs to be minimized

                                                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                            EDM Projects

                                                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                                                            spin as a function of time

                                                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                            EDM at COSY

                                                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                            Juumllich

                                                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                            22zx PPP

                                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                            17

                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                            18

                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                            Cooled

                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                            19

                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                            Cooled

                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                            t t=Lv

                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                            for one year measurement

                                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                            3

                                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                            • Layout
                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                            • Slide 9
                                                                            • Slide 10
                                                                            • Slide 11
                                                                            • Slide 12
                                                                            • Slide 13
                                                                            • Slide 14
                                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                                            • Slide 17
                                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                            • Slide 19
                                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                                            • Slide 21
                                                                            • Slide 22
                                                                            • Slide 23
                                                                            • Slide 24
                                                                            • Slide 25
                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                                            • Slide 28
                                                                            • Slide 29
                                                                            • Summary 2
                                                                            • Slide 31
                                                                            • Slide 32
                                                                            • Slide 33
                                                                            • Slide 34
                                                                            • Slide 35
                                                                            • Slide 36
                                                                            • Slide 37
                                                                            • Slide 38
                                                                            • Slide 39
                                                                            • Slide 40
                                                                            • Slide 41
                                                                            • Slide 42
                                                                            • Slide 43
                                                                            • Slide 44
                                                                            • Slide 45
                                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                                            • Slide 47
                                                                            • Slide 48
                                                                            • Slide 49
                                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                                            • Slide 51
                                                                            • Slide 52
                                                                            • Slide 53
                                                                            • Slide 54
                                                                            • Slide 55
                                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                            • Slide 57
                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                            • Slide 66
                                                                            • Slide 67
                                                                            • Slide 68
                                                                            • Slide 69
                                                                            • Slide 70
                                                                            • Slide 71
                                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                            • Slide 74
                                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                            • Slide 78
                                                                            • Slide 79
                                                                            • Slide 80
                                                                            • Slide 81
                                                                            • Slide 82
                                                                            • Slide 83
                                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                            • Slide 86
                                                                            • Slide 87
                                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                            • Slide 89
                                                                            • Slide 90
                                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                                            • Slide 93
                                                                            • Slide 94
                                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                            • Slide 97
                                                                            • Slide 98
                                                                            • Slide 99
                                                                            • Slide 100
                                                                            • Slide 101
                                                                            • Slide 102
                                                                            • Slide 103
                                                                            • Slide 104
                                                                            • Slide 105
                                                                            • Slide 106
                                                                            • Slide 107
                                                                            • Slide 108
                                                                            • Slide 109
                                                                            • Slide 110
                                                                            • Slide 111

                                                                              2

                                                                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                              Snake + RF E-field even turns

                                                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 62Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              Snake + reversed RF E-fields depolarization

                                                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                              Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                              bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                              bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                              bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                              bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                              2 1010 4 10

                                                                              10 6 1010

                                                                              0

                                                                              02

                                                                              04

                                                                              06

                                                                              08

                                                                              d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                              n (number of turns)

                                                                              P(n

                                                                              )P

                                                                              (n)

                                                                              n (number of turns)

                                                                              dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                              2

                                                                              nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                              SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                              Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                              PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                              It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                              bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                              bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                              bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                              bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                              Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                              p and d at same momentum

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                              PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                              stored d

                                                                              RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                              polarization

                                                                              spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                              Two situations

                                                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                              This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                              51011000 ss

                                                                              growsPP

                                                                              dropsP

                                                                              zx

                                                                              y

                                                                              22

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                              Constant E-field

                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                              PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                              Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                              2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                              PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                              Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                              E

                                                                              BBvddt

                                                                              sd )(

                                                                              Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                              bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                              bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                              bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                              bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                              bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                              Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                              bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                              Summary

                                                                              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              Spare transparencies

                                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                              Momentum vector

                                                                              bull Lower energy particle

                                                                              bull hellipjust right

                                                                              bull Higher energy particle

                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                              2

                                                                              2

                                                                              1

                                                                              1

                                                                              2

                                                                              gG

                                                                              c

                                                                              EGBG

                                                                              m

                                                                              eG

                                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                              0 EB

                                                                              G

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                              11

                                                                              01

                                                                              12

                                                                              G

                                                                              G

                                                                              G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                              Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                              G

                                                                              mp

                                                                              G 1

                                                                              1

                                                                              μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                              Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              spin manipulation

                                                                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                              snakesCOn

                                                                              COn

                                                                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                              spin closed orbit

                                                                              180o

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              Machine acceptance

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                              lost

                                                                              cooled

                                                                              targetring acceptance

                                                                              beam

                                                                              In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                              the target dominates beam loss

                                                                              K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                              Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                              COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                              Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                              Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                              IBeam

                                                                              time

                                                                              COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                              PAX

                                                                              Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                              Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                              bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                              Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                              Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                              A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                              D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                              Technological challenges

                                                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                              ParticleAtom

                                                                              Current EDM Limit

                                                                              Future Goal

                                                                              dn equivalent

                                                                              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                              Spin Precession

                                                                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                              )()(dt

                                                                              dEvBBvEd

                                                                              S

                                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                                              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                              dt

                                                                              dBEd

                                                                              S

                                                                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                              0G

                                                                              Edt

                                                                              s

                                                                              d

                                                                              d

                                                                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                              COn

                                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                              Polarization not affected

                                                                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                              COn

                                                                              COn

                                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                              Simple model

                                                                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                              referenceoscillation

                                                                              decoherencetime

                                                                              oscillationcapture

                                                                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                              RF solenoid on off on

                                                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                              stored d

                                                                              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                              polarization

                                                                              Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                              growsPP

                                                                              dropsP

                                                                              zx

                                                                              y

                                                                              22

                                                                              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                              Conclusion from simple model

                                                                              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                              dt

                                                                              dBEd

                                                                              S

                                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                                              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                              EDM Cooperation

                                                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                              International srEDM Network

                                                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                              DOE-Proposal

                                                                              Study Group

                                                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                              Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                              History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                              Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                              Momentum vector

                                                                              Lower energy particle

                                                                              hellipjust right

                                                                              Higher energy particle

                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                              2

                                                                              2

                                                                              1

                                                                              1

                                                                              2

                                                                              gG

                                                                              c

                                                                              EGBG

                                                                              m

                                                                              eG

                                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                              0 EB

                                                                              G

                                                                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                              c

                                                                              EGBG

                                                                              m

                                                                              eG

                                                                              1

                                                                              1

                                                                              2

                                                                              edmG

                                                                              0 EB

                                                                              B

                                                                              c

                                                                              E

                                                                              S

                                                                              cdedm

                                                                              Systematic Effects

                                                                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                              2

                                                                              c

                                                                              EVsys

                                                                              R

                                                                              V

                                                                              E

                                                                              E

                                                                              d

                                                                              GR

                                                                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                              Radial precession

                                                                              Needs to be minimized

                                                                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                              EDM Projects

                                                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                                                              spin as a function of time

                                                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                              EDM at COSY

                                                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                              Juumllich

                                                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                              22zx PPP

                                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                              17

                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                              18

                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                              Cooled

                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                              19

                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                              Cooled

                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                              t t=Lv

                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                              for one year measurement

                                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                              3

                                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                              • Layout
                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                              • Slide 7
                                                                              • Slide 8
                                                                              • Slide 9
                                                                              • Slide 10
                                                                              • Slide 11
                                                                              • Slide 12
                                                                              • Slide 13
                                                                              • Slide 14
                                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                                              • Slide 17
                                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                              • Slide 19
                                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                                              • Slide 21
                                                                              • Slide 22
                                                                              • Slide 23
                                                                              • Slide 24
                                                                              • Slide 25
                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                                              • Slide 28
                                                                              • Slide 29
                                                                              • Summary 2
                                                                              • Slide 31
                                                                              • Slide 32
                                                                              • Slide 33
                                                                              • Slide 34
                                                                              • Slide 35
                                                                              • Slide 36
                                                                              • Slide 37
                                                                              • Slide 38
                                                                              • Slide 39
                                                                              • Slide 40
                                                                              • Slide 41
                                                                              • Slide 42
                                                                              • Slide 43
                                                                              • Slide 44
                                                                              • Slide 45
                                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                                              • Slide 47
                                                                              • Slide 48
                                                                              • Slide 49
                                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                                              • Slide 51
                                                                              • Slide 52
                                                                              • Slide 53
                                                                              • Slide 54
                                                                              • Slide 55
                                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                              • Slide 57
                                                                              • Slide 58
                                                                              • Slide 59
                                                                              • Slide 60
                                                                              • Slide 61
                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                              • Slide 66
                                                                              • Slide 67
                                                                              • Slide 68
                                                                              • Slide 69
                                                                              • Slide 70
                                                                              • Slide 71
                                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                              • Slide 74
                                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                              • Slide 78
                                                                              • Slide 79
                                                                              • Slide 80
                                                                              • Slide 81
                                                                              • Slide 82
                                                                              • Slide 83
                                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                              • Slide 86
                                                                              • Slide 87
                                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                              • Slide 89
                                                                              • Slide 90
                                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                                              • Slide 93
                                                                              • Slide 94
                                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                              • Slide 97
                                                                              • Slide 98
                                                                              • Slide 99
                                                                              • Slide 100
                                                                              • Slide 101
                                                                              • Slide 102
                                                                              • Slide 103
                                                                              • Slide 104
                                                                              • Slide 105
                                                                              • Slide 106
                                                                              • Slide 107
                                                                              • Slide 108
                                                                              • Slide 109
                                                                              • Slide 110
                                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 63

                                                                                Parameters of a proton EDM measurementbullTp=140 MeV

                                                                                bullERF=1 MVm Lcavity=05 m

                                                                                bullTime of store 24h 631010 turnsbull=1 10-7 radbullSensitivity

                                                                                bull dp=10-17 ecm p=59 105 s

                                                                                bull dp=10-18 ecm p=59 107 s

                                                                                2 1010 4 10

                                                                                10 6 1010

                                                                                0

                                                                                02

                                                                                04

                                                                                06

                                                                                08

                                                                                d=10^-18 e cmd=10^-17 e cm

                                                                                n (number of turns)

                                                                                P(n

                                                                                )P

                                                                                (n)

                                                                                n (number of turns)

                                                                                dp=10-18 ecmdp=10-17 ecm

                                                                                2

                                                                                nPnP )2cos()( 0

                                                                                SnakeRF E-field RF E-field

                                                                                Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                PE 1 Use a combination of a snake and RF fields

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                                PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                                It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                                bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                                bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                                bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                                bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                                Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                                p and d at same momentum

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                                PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                stored d

                                                                                RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                                polarization

                                                                                spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                                Two situations

                                                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                                51011000 ss

                                                                                growsPP

                                                                                dropsP

                                                                                zx

                                                                                y

                                                                                22

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                Constant E-field

                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                                PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                                2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                                PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                                Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                                E

                                                                                BBvddt

                                                                                sd )(

                                                                                Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                                bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                                bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                                bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                                bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                                bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                Summary

                                                                                Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                Spare transparencies

                                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                                bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                bull hellipjust right

                                                                                bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                2

                                                                                2

                                                                                1

                                                                                1

                                                                                2

                                                                                gG

                                                                                c

                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                m

                                                                                eG

                                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                G

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                11

                                                                                01

                                                                                12

                                                                                G

                                                                                G

                                                                                G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                G

                                                                                mp

                                                                                G 1

                                                                                1

                                                                                μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                spin manipulation

                                                                                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                snakesCOn

                                                                                COn

                                                                                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                spin closed orbit

                                                                                180o

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                Machine acceptance

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                lost

                                                                                cooled

                                                                                targetring acceptance

                                                                                beam

                                                                                In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                IBeam

                                                                                time

                                                                                COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                PAX

                                                                                Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                Technological challenges

                                                                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                ParticleAtom

                                                                                Current EDM Limit

                                                                                Future Goal

                                                                                dn equivalent

                                                                                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                Spin Precession

                                                                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                )()(dt

                                                                                dEvBBvEd

                                                                                S

                                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                dt

                                                                                dBEd

                                                                                S

                                                                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                0G

                                                                                Edt

                                                                                s

                                                                                d

                                                                                d

                                                                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                COn

                                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                Polarization not affected

                                                                                Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                COn

                                                                                COn

                                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                Simple model

                                                                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                referenceoscillation

                                                                                decoherencetime

                                                                                oscillationcapture

                                                                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                stored d

                                                                                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                polarization

                                                                                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                growsPP

                                                                                dropsP

                                                                                zx

                                                                                y

                                                                                22

                                                                                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                dt

                                                                                dBEd

                                                                                S

                                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                EDM Cooperation

                                                                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                International srEDM Network

                                                                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                DOE-Proposal

                                                                                Study Group

                                                                                Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                                Lower energy particle

                                                                                hellipjust right

                                                                                Higher energy particle

                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                2

                                                                                2

                                                                                1

                                                                                1

                                                                                2

                                                                                gG

                                                                                c

                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                m

                                                                                eG

                                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                G

                                                                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                c

                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                m

                                                                                eG

                                                                                1

                                                                                1

                                                                                2

                                                                                edmG

                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                B

                                                                                c

                                                                                E

                                                                                S

                                                                                cdedm

                                                                                Systematic Effects

                                                                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                2

                                                                                c

                                                                                EVsys

                                                                                R

                                                                                V

                                                                                E

                                                                                E

                                                                                d

                                                                                GR

                                                                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                Radial precession

                                                                                Needs to be minimized

                                                                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                EDM Projects

                                                                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                spin as a function of time

                                                                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                EDM at COSY

                                                                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                Juumllich

                                                                                Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                22zx PPP

                                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                17

                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                18

                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                19

                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                t t=Lv

                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                3

                                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                • Layout
                                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 64

                                                                                  PE 2 Dual Beam Method (equivalent to g-2 d)

                                                                                  It seems possible to store protons and deuterons in COSY simultaneously

                                                                                  bull Assume dp=10-24 ecmbull Determine invariant spin axis of protons using polarimeter

                                                                                  bull Not clear whether one can get away with radial components of P only

                                                                                  bull Determine invariant spin axis for deuterons using polarimeterbull Difference between the two invariant spin axes sensitive to dd

                                                                                  bull Sensitivity similar to g-2 d dd=10-19 ecm

                                                                                  Polarimeter(determines pp and dp elastic)

                                                                                  p and d at same momentum

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                                  PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                  stored d

                                                                                  RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                                  polarization

                                                                                  spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                                  Two situations

                                                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                  This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                                  51011000 ss

                                                                                  growsPP

                                                                                  dropsP

                                                                                  zx

                                                                                  y

                                                                                  22

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                  Constant E-field

                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                                  PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                  Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                                  2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                                  PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                                  Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                                  E

                                                                                  BBvddt

                                                                                  sd )(

                                                                                  Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                                  bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                                  bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                                  bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                                  bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                                  bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                  Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                  bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                  Summary

                                                                                  Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                  ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                  ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                  Spare transparencies

                                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                                  bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                  bull hellipjust right

                                                                                  bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  gG

                                                                                  c

                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                  m

                                                                                  eG

                                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                  G

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                  Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                  11

                                                                                  01

                                                                                  12

                                                                                  G

                                                                                  G

                                                                                  G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                  Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                  G

                                                                                  mp

                                                                                  G 1

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                  Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                  spin manipulation

                                                                                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                  snakesCOn

                                                                                  COn

                                                                                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                  spin closed orbit

                                                                                  180o

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                  Machine acceptance

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                  lost

                                                                                  cooled

                                                                                  targetring acceptance

                                                                                  beam

                                                                                  In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                  the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                  K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                  Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                  COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                  Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                  Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                  IBeam

                                                                                  time

                                                                                  COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                  PAX

                                                                                  Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                  Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                  bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                  Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                  Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                  A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                  D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                  Technological challenges

                                                                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                  Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                  Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                  Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                  ParticleAtom

                                                                                  Current EDM Limit

                                                                                  Future Goal

                                                                                  dn equivalent

                                                                                  Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                  199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                  129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                  Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                  Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                  Spin Precession

                                                                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                  )()(dt

                                                                                  dEvBBvEd

                                                                                  S

                                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                  dt

                                                                                  dBEd

                                                                                  S

                                                                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                  0G

                                                                                  Edt

                                                                                  s

                                                                                  d

                                                                                  d

                                                                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                  COn

                                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                  Polarization not affected

                                                                                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                  COn

                                                                                  COn

                                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                  Simple model

                                                                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                  referenceoscillation

                                                                                  decoherencetime

                                                                                  oscillationcapture

                                                                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                  stored d

                                                                                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                  polarization

                                                                                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                  growsPP

                                                                                  dropsP

                                                                                  zx

                                                                                  y

                                                                                  22

                                                                                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                  Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                  dt

                                                                                  dBEd

                                                                                  S

                                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                  EDM Cooperation

                                                                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                  International srEDM Network

                                                                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                  DOE-Proposal

                                                                                  Study Group

                                                                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                  Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                                  Lower energy particle

                                                                                  hellipjust right

                                                                                  Higher energy particle

                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  gG

                                                                                  c

                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                  m

                                                                                  eG

                                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                  G

                                                                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                  c

                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                  m

                                                                                  eG

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  1

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  edmG

                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                  B

                                                                                  c

                                                                                  E

                                                                                  S

                                                                                  cdedm

                                                                                  Systematic Effects

                                                                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                  2

                                                                                  c

                                                                                  EVsys

                                                                                  R

                                                                                  V

                                                                                  E

                                                                                  E

                                                                                  d

                                                                                  GR

                                                                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                  Radial precession

                                                                                  Needs to be minimized

                                                                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                  EDM Projects

                                                                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                  spin as a function of time

                                                                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                  EDM at COSY

                                                                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                  Juumllich

                                                                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                  22zx PPP

                                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                  17

                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                  18

                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                  19

                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                  t t=Lv

                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                  for one year measurement

                                                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                  3

                                                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                  • Layout
                                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                                  • Slide 111

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 65

                                                                                    PE 3 Resonance Method with RF E-fields (variation of PE1)

                                                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                    stored d

                                                                                    RF E-fieldvertical

                                                                                    polarization

                                                                                    spin precession governed by ( rest frame)

                                                                                    Two situations

                                                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                    This way the Edm signal gets accumulated during the cycle Statistical improvement over PE 1 is about Brings us in the 10-24 ecm range for dd

                                                                                    51011000 ss

                                                                                    growsPP

                                                                                    dropsP

                                                                                    zx

                                                                                    y

                                                                                    22

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                    Constant E-field

                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                                    PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                    Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                                    2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                                    PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                                    Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                                    E

                                                                                    BBvddt

                                                                                    sd )(

                                                                                    Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                                    bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                                    bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                                    bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                                    bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                                    bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                    Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                    bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                    Summary

                                                                                    Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                    ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                    ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                    Spare transparencies

                                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                                    bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                    bull hellipjust right

                                                                                    bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    gG

                                                                                    c

                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                    m

                                                                                    eG

                                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                    G

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                    11

                                                                                    01

                                                                                    12

                                                                                    G

                                                                                    G

                                                                                    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                    G

                                                                                    mp

                                                                                    G 1

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                    spin manipulation

                                                                                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                    snakesCOn

                                                                                    COn

                                                                                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                    spin closed orbit

                                                                                    180o

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                    Machine acceptance

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                    lost

                                                                                    cooled

                                                                                    targetring acceptance

                                                                                    beam

                                                                                    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                    the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                    IBeam

                                                                                    time

                                                                                    COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                    PAX

                                                                                    Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                    Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                    Technological challenges

                                                                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                    ParticleAtom

                                                                                    Current EDM Limit

                                                                                    Future Goal

                                                                                    dn equivalent

                                                                                    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                    Spin Precession

                                                                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                    )()(dt

                                                                                    dEvBBvEd

                                                                                    S

                                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                                    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                    dt

                                                                                    dBEd

                                                                                    S

                                                                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                    0G

                                                                                    Edt

                                                                                    s

                                                                                    d

                                                                                    d

                                                                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                    COn

                                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                    Polarization not affected

                                                                                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                    COn

                                                                                    COn

                                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                    Simple model

                                                                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                    referenceoscillation

                                                                                    decoherencetime

                                                                                    oscillationcapture

                                                                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                    stored d

                                                                                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                    polarization

                                                                                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                    growsPP

                                                                                    dropsP

                                                                                    zx

                                                                                    y

                                                                                    22

                                                                                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                    Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                    dt

                                                                                    dBEd

                                                                                    S

                                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                    EDM Cooperation

                                                                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                    International srEDM Network

                                                                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                    DOE-Proposal

                                                                                    Study Group

                                                                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                    Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                    History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                    Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                                    Lower energy particle

                                                                                    hellipjust right

                                                                                    Higher energy particle

                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    gG

                                                                                    c

                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                    m

                                                                                    eG

                                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                    G

                                                                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                    c

                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                    m

                                                                                    eG

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    1

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    edmG

                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                    B

                                                                                    c

                                                                                    E

                                                                                    S

                                                                                    cdedm

                                                                                    Systematic Effects

                                                                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                    2

                                                                                    c

                                                                                    EVsys

                                                                                    R

                                                                                    V

                                                                                    E

                                                                                    E

                                                                                    d

                                                                                    GR

                                                                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                    Radial precession

                                                                                    Needs to be minimized

                                                                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                    EDM Projects

                                                                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                    spin as a function of time

                                                                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                    EDM at COSY

                                                                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                    Juumllich

                                                                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                    22zx PPP

                                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                    17

                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                    18

                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                    19

                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                    t t=Lv

                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                    for one year measurement

                                                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                    3

                                                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                    • Layout
                                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                                    • Slide 8
                                                                                    • Slide 9
                                                                                    • Slide 10
                                                                                    • Slide 11
                                                                                    • Slide 12
                                                                                    • Slide 13
                                                                                    • Slide 14
                                                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                    • Slide 17
                                                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                    • Slide 19
                                                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                                                    • Slide 21
                                                                                    • Slide 22
                                                                                    • Slide 23
                                                                                    • Slide 24
                                                                                    • Slide 25
                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                    • Slide 28
                                                                                    • Slide 29
                                                                                    • Summary 2
                                                                                    • Slide 31
                                                                                    • Slide 32
                                                                                    • Slide 33
                                                                                    • Slide 34
                                                                                    • Slide 35
                                                                                    • Slide 36
                                                                                    • Slide 37
                                                                                    • Slide 38
                                                                                    • Slide 39
                                                                                    • Slide 40
                                                                                    • Slide 41
                                                                                    • Slide 42
                                                                                    • Slide 43
                                                                                    • Slide 44
                                                                                    • Slide 45
                                                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                                                    • Slide 47
                                                                                    • Slide 48
                                                                                    • Slide 49
                                                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                                                    • Slide 51
                                                                                    • Slide 52
                                                                                    • Slide 53
                                                                                    • Slide 54
                                                                                    • Slide 55
                                                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                    • Slide 57
                                                                                    • Slide 58
                                                                                    • Slide 59
                                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                                    • Slide 66
                                                                                    • Slide 67
                                                                                    • Slide 68
                                                                                    • Slide 69
                                                                                    • Slide 70
                                                                                    • Slide 71
                                                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                    • Slide 74
                                                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                    • Slide 78
                                                                                    • Slide 79
                                                                                    • Slide 80
                                                                                    • Slide 81
                                                                                    • Slide 82
                                                                                    • Slide 83
                                                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                    • Slide 86
                                                                                    • Slide 87
                                                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                    • Slide 89
                                                                                    • Slide 90
                                                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                                                    • Slide 93
                                                                                    • Slide 94
                                                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                    • Slide 97
                                                                                    • Slide 98
                                                                                    • Slide 99
                                                                                    • Slide 100
                                                                                    • Slide 101
                                                                                    • Slide 102
                                                                                    • Slide 103
                                                                                    • Slide 104
                                                                                    • Slide 105
                                                                                    • Slide 106
                                                                                    • Slide 107
                                                                                    • Slide 108
                                                                                    • Slide 109
                                                                                    • Slide 110
                                                                                    • Slide 111

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 66

                                                                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                      Constant E-field

                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                                      PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                      Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                                      2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                                      PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                                      Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                                      E

                                                                                      BBvddt

                                                                                      sd )(

                                                                                      Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                                      bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                                      bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                                      bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                                      bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                                      bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                      Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                      bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                      Summary

                                                                                      Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                      ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                      ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                      Spare transparencies

                                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                                      bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                      bull hellipjust right

                                                                                      bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      gG

                                                                                      c

                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                      m

                                                                                      eG

                                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                      G

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                      Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                      11

                                                                                      01

                                                                                      12

                                                                                      G

                                                                                      G

                                                                                      G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                      Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                      G

                                                                                      mp

                                                                                      G 1

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                      Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                      spin manipulation

                                                                                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                      snakesCOn

                                                                                      COn

                                                                                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                      spin closed orbit

                                                                                      180o

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                      Machine acceptance

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                      lost

                                                                                      cooled

                                                                                      targetring acceptance

                                                                                      beam

                                                                                      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                      the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                      IBeam

                                                                                      time

                                                                                      COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                      PAX

                                                                                      Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                      Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                      Technological challenges

                                                                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                      ParticleAtom

                                                                                      Current EDM Limit

                                                                                      Future Goal

                                                                                      dn equivalent

                                                                                      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                      Spin Precession

                                                                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                      )()(dt

                                                                                      dEvBBvEd

                                                                                      S

                                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                                      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                      dt

                                                                                      dBEd

                                                                                      S

                                                                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                      0G

                                                                                      Edt

                                                                                      s

                                                                                      d

                                                                                      d

                                                                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                      COn

                                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                      Polarization not affected

                                                                                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                      COn

                                                                                      COn

                                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                      Simple model

                                                                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                      referenceoscillation

                                                                                      decoherencetime

                                                                                      oscillationcapture

                                                                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                      stored d

                                                                                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                      polarization

                                                                                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                      growsPP

                                                                                      dropsP

                                                                                      zx

                                                                                      y

                                                                                      22

                                                                                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                      Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                      dt

                                                                                      dBEd

                                                                                      S

                                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                      EDM Cooperation

                                                                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                      International srEDM Network

                                                                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                      DOE-Proposal

                                                                                      Study Group

                                                                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                      Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                      History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                      Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                                      Lower energy particle

                                                                                      hellipjust right

                                                                                      Higher energy particle

                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      gG

                                                                                      c

                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                      m

                                                                                      eG

                                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                      G

                                                                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                      c

                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                      m

                                                                                      eG

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      1

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      edmG

                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                      B

                                                                                      c

                                                                                      E

                                                                                      S

                                                                                      cdedm

                                                                                      Systematic Effects

                                                                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                      2

                                                                                      c

                                                                                      EVsys

                                                                                      R

                                                                                      V

                                                                                      E

                                                                                      E

                                                                                      d

                                                                                      GR

                                                                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                      Radial precession

                                                                                      Needs to be minimized

                                                                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                      EDM Projects

                                                                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                      spin as a function of time

                                                                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                      EDM at COSY

                                                                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                      Juumllich

                                                                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                      22zx PPP

                                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                      17

                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                      18

                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                      19

                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                      t t=Lv

                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                      for one year measurement

                                                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                      3

                                                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                      • Layout
                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                      • Slide 7
                                                                                      • Slide 8
                                                                                      • Slide 9
                                                                                      • Slide 10
                                                                                      • Slide 11
                                                                                      • Slide 12
                                                                                      • Slide 13
                                                                                      • Slide 14
                                                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                      • Slide 17
                                                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                      • Slide 19
                                                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                                                      • Slide 21
                                                                                      • Slide 22
                                                                                      • Slide 23
                                                                                      • Slide 24
                                                                                      • Slide 25
                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                      • Slide 28
                                                                                      • Slide 29
                                                                                      • Summary 2
                                                                                      • Slide 31
                                                                                      • Slide 32
                                                                                      • Slide 33
                                                                                      • Slide 34
                                                                                      • Slide 35
                                                                                      • Slide 36
                                                                                      • Slide 37
                                                                                      • Slide 38
                                                                                      • Slide 39
                                                                                      • Slide 40
                                                                                      • Slide 41
                                                                                      • Slide 42
                                                                                      • Slide 43
                                                                                      • Slide 44
                                                                                      • Slide 45
                                                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                                                      • Slide 47
                                                                                      • Slide 48
                                                                                      • Slide 49
                                                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                                                      • Slide 51
                                                                                      • Slide 52
                                                                                      • Slide 53
                                                                                      • Slide 54
                                                                                      • Slide 55
                                                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                      • Slide 57
                                                                                      • Slide 58
                                                                                      • Slide 59
                                                                                      • Slide 60
                                                                                      • Slide 61
                                                                                      • Slide 62
                                                                                      • Slide 63
                                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                                      • Slide 66
                                                                                      • Slide 67
                                                                                      • Slide 68
                                                                                      • Slide 69
                                                                                      • Slide 70
                                                                                      • Slide 71
                                                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                      • Slide 74
                                                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                      • Slide 78
                                                                                      • Slide 79
                                                                                      • Slide 80
                                                                                      • Slide 81
                                                                                      • Slide 82
                                                                                      • Slide 83
                                                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                      • Slide 86
                                                                                      • Slide 87
                                                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                      • Slide 89
                                                                                      • Slide 90
                                                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                                                      • Slide 93
                                                                                      • Slide 94
                                                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                      • Slide 97
                                                                                      • Slide 98
                                                                                      • Slide 99
                                                                                      • Slide 100
                                                                                      • Slide 101
                                                                                      • Slide 102
                                                                                      • Slide 103
                                                                                      • Slide 104
                                                                                      • Slide 105
                                                                                      • Slide 106
                                                                                      • Slide 107
                                                                                      • Slide 108
                                                                                      • Slide 109
                                                                                      • Slide 110
                                                                                      • Slide 111

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 67

                                                                                        PE 3 Simulation of resonance Method with RF E-fields and deuterons at COSY

                                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                        Linear extrapolation of P=sqrt(Px2+Py

                                                                                        2) for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                                        PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                                        Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                                        E

                                                                                        BBvddt

                                                                                        sd )(

                                                                                        Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                                        bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                                        bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                                        bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                                        bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                                        bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                        Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                        bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                        Summary

                                                                                        Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                        ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                        ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                        Spare transparencies

                                                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                        Momentum vector

                                                                                        bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                        bull hellipjust right

                                                                                        bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        gG

                                                                                        c

                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                        m

                                                                                        eG

                                                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                        G

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                        Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                        11

                                                                                        01

                                                                                        12

                                                                                        G

                                                                                        G

                                                                                        G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                        Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                        G

                                                                                        mp

                                                                                        G 1

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                        Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                        spin manipulation

                                                                                        there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                        snakesCOn

                                                                                        COn

                                                                                        flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                        spin closed orbit

                                                                                        180o

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                        Machine acceptance

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                        lost

                                                                                        cooled

                                                                                        targetring acceptance

                                                                                        beam

                                                                                        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                        the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                        IBeam

                                                                                        time

                                                                                        COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                        PAX

                                                                                        Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                        Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                        Technological challenges

                                                                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                        ParticleAtom

                                                                                        Current EDM Limit

                                                                                        Future Goal

                                                                                        dn equivalent

                                                                                        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                        Spin Precession

                                                                                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                        )()(dt

                                                                                        dEvBBvEd

                                                                                        S

                                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                                        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                        dt

                                                                                        dBEd

                                                                                        S

                                                                                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                        0G

                                                                                        Edt

                                                                                        s

                                                                                        d

                                                                                        d

                                                                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                        COn

                                                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                        Polarization not affected

                                                                                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                        COn

                                                                                        COn

                                                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                        Simple model

                                                                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                        referenceoscillation

                                                                                        decoherencetime

                                                                                        oscillationcapture

                                                                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                        stored d

                                                                                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                        polarization

                                                                                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                        growsPP

                                                                                        dropsP

                                                                                        zx

                                                                                        y

                                                                                        22

                                                                                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                        Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                        dt

                                                                                        dBEd

                                                                                        S

                                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                        EDM Cooperation

                                                                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                        International srEDM Network

                                                                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                        DOE-Proposal

                                                                                        Study Group

                                                                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                        Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                        History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                        Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                        Momentum vector

                                                                                        Lower energy particle

                                                                                        hellipjust right

                                                                                        Higher energy particle

                                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        gG

                                                                                        c

                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                        m

                                                                                        eG

                                                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                        G

                                                                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                        c

                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                        m

                                                                                        eG

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        1

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        edmG

                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                        B

                                                                                        c

                                                                                        E

                                                                                        S

                                                                                        cdedm

                                                                                        Systematic Effects

                                                                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                        2

                                                                                        c

                                                                                        EVsys

                                                                                        R

                                                                                        V

                                                                                        E

                                                                                        E

                                                                                        d

                                                                                        GR

                                                                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                        Radial precession

                                                                                        Needs to be minimized

                                                                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                        EDM Projects

                                                                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                        spin as a function of time

                                                                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                        EDM at COSY

                                                                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                        Juumllich

                                                                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                        22zx PPP

                                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                        17

                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                        18

                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                        19

                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                        t t=Lv

                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                        for one year measurement

                                                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                        3

                                                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                        • Layout
                                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                        • Slide 7
                                                                                        • Slide 8
                                                                                        • Slide 9
                                                                                        • Slide 10
                                                                                        • Slide 11
                                                                                        • Slide 12
                                                                                        • Slide 13
                                                                                        • Slide 14
                                                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                        • Slide 17
                                                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                        • Slide 19
                                                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                                                        • Slide 21
                                                                                        • Slide 22
                                                                                        • Slide 23
                                                                                        • Slide 24
                                                                                        • Slide 25
                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                        • Slide 28
                                                                                        • Slide 29
                                                                                        • Summary 2
                                                                                        • Slide 31
                                                                                        • Slide 32
                                                                                        • Slide 33
                                                                                        • Slide 34
                                                                                        • Slide 35
                                                                                        • Slide 36
                                                                                        • Slide 37
                                                                                        • Slide 38
                                                                                        • Slide 39
                                                                                        • Slide 40
                                                                                        • Slide 41
                                                                                        • Slide 42
                                                                                        • Slide 43
                                                                                        • Slide 44
                                                                                        • Slide 45
                                                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                                                        • Slide 47
                                                                                        • Slide 48
                                                                                        • Slide 49
                                                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                                                        • Slide 51
                                                                                        • Slide 52
                                                                                        • Slide 53
                                                                                        • Slide 54
                                                                                        • Slide 55
                                                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                        • Slide 57
                                                                                        • Slide 58
                                                                                        • Slide 59
                                                                                        • Slide 60
                                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                                        • Slide 66
                                                                                        • Slide 67
                                                                                        • Slide 68
                                                                                        • Slide 69
                                                                                        • Slide 70
                                                                                        • Slide 71
                                                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                        • Slide 74
                                                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                        • Slide 78
                                                                                        • Slide 79
                                                                                        • Slide 80
                                                                                        • Slide 81
                                                                                        • Slide 82
                                                                                        • Slide 83
                                                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                        • Slide 86
                                                                                        • Slide 87
                                                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                        • Slide 89
                                                                                        • Slide 90
                                                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                                                        • Slide 93
                                                                                        • Slide 94
                                                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                        • Slide 97
                                                                                        • Slide 98
                                                                                        • Slide 99
                                                                                        • Slide 100
                                                                                        • Slide 101
                                                                                        • Slide 102
                                                                                        • Slide 103
                                                                                        • Slide 104
                                                                                        • Slide 105
                                                                                        • Slide 106
                                                                                        • Slide 107
                                                                                        • Slide 108
                                                                                        • Slide 109
                                                                                        • Slide 110
                                                                                        • Slide 111

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 68

                                                                                          PE 4 Resonance Method of EDM Measurements in SR

                                                                                          Orlov Morse Semertzidis PRL 96 (2006)

                                                                                          E

                                                                                          BBvddt

                                                                                          sd )(

                                                                                          Measurement using an all magnetic ring

                                                                                          bull Sideways P EDM produces growing Py

                                                                                          bull Using two sub-beams with different v andmodulating v allows one to isolate d

                                                                                          bull Sensitivity dd=10-29 ecmyr

                                                                                          bull Idea was no longer pursued because systematic error is much larger

                                                                                          bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                          Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                          bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                          Summary

                                                                                          Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                          ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                          ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                          Spare transparencies

                                                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                          Momentum vector

                                                                                          bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                          bull hellipjust right

                                                                                          bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          gG

                                                                                          c

                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                          m

                                                                                          eG

                                                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                          G

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                          Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                          11

                                                                                          01

                                                                                          12

                                                                                          G

                                                                                          G

                                                                                          G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                          Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                          G

                                                                                          mp

                                                                                          G 1

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                          Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                          spin manipulation

                                                                                          there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                          snakesCOn

                                                                                          COn

                                                                                          flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                          spin closed orbit

                                                                                          180o

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                          Machine acceptance

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                          lost

                                                                                          cooled

                                                                                          targetring acceptance

                                                                                          beam

                                                                                          In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                          the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                          K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                          IBeam

                                                                                          time

                                                                                          COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                          PAX

                                                                                          Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                          Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                          Technological challenges

                                                                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                          ParticleAtom

                                                                                          Current EDM Limit

                                                                                          Future Goal

                                                                                          dn equivalent

                                                                                          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                          Spin Precession

                                                                                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                          )()(dt

                                                                                          dEvBBvEd

                                                                                          S

                                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                                          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                          dt

                                                                                          dBEd

                                                                                          S

                                                                                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                          0G

                                                                                          Edt

                                                                                          s

                                                                                          d

                                                                                          d

                                                                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                          COn

                                                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                          Polarization not affected

                                                                                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                          COn

                                                                                          COn

                                                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                          Simple model

                                                                                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                          referenceoscillation

                                                                                          decoherencetime

                                                                                          oscillationcapture

                                                                                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                          RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                          stored d

                                                                                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                          polarization

                                                                                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                          growsPP

                                                                                          dropsP

                                                                                          zx

                                                                                          y

                                                                                          22

                                                                                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                          Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                          dt

                                                                                          dBEd

                                                                                          S

                                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                          EDM Cooperation

                                                                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                          International srEDM Network

                                                                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                          DOE-Proposal

                                                                                          Study Group

                                                                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                          Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                          History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                          Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                          Momentum vector

                                                                                          Lower energy particle

                                                                                          hellipjust right

                                                                                          Higher energy particle

                                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          gG

                                                                                          c

                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                          m

                                                                                          eG

                                                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                          G

                                                                                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                          c

                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                          m

                                                                                          eG

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          1

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          edmG

                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                          B

                                                                                          c

                                                                                          E

                                                                                          S

                                                                                          cdedm

                                                                                          Systematic Effects

                                                                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                          2

                                                                                          c

                                                                                          EVsys

                                                                                          R

                                                                                          V

                                                                                          E

                                                                                          E

                                                                                          d

                                                                                          GR

                                                                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                          Radial precession

                                                                                          Needs to be minimized

                                                                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                          EDM Projects

                                                                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                          spin as a function of time

                                                                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                          EDM at COSY

                                                                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                          Juumllich

                                                                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                          22zx PPP

                                                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                          17

                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                          18

                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                          19

                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                          t t=Lv

                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                          for one year measurement

                                                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                          3

                                                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                          • Layout
                                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                          • Slide 7
                                                                                          • Slide 8
                                                                                          • Slide 9
                                                                                          • Slide 10
                                                                                          • Slide 11
                                                                                          • Slide 12
                                                                                          • Slide 13
                                                                                          • Slide 14
                                                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                          • Slide 17
                                                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                          • Slide 19
                                                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                                                          • Slide 21
                                                                                          • Slide 22
                                                                                          • Slide 23
                                                                                          • Slide 24
                                                                                          • Slide 25
                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                          • Slide 28
                                                                                          • Slide 29
                                                                                          • Summary 2
                                                                                          • Slide 31
                                                                                          • Slide 32
                                                                                          • Slide 33
                                                                                          • Slide 34
                                                                                          • Slide 35
                                                                                          • Slide 36
                                                                                          • Slide 37
                                                                                          • Slide 38
                                                                                          • Slide 39
                                                                                          • Slide 40
                                                                                          • Slide 41
                                                                                          • Slide 42
                                                                                          • Slide 43
                                                                                          • Slide 44
                                                                                          • Slide 45
                                                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                                                          • Slide 47
                                                                                          • Slide 48
                                                                                          • Slide 49
                                                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                                                          • Slide 51
                                                                                          • Slide 52
                                                                                          • Slide 53
                                                                                          • Slide 54
                                                                                          • Slide 55
                                                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                          • Slide 57
                                                                                          • Slide 58
                                                                                          • Slide 59
                                                                                          • Slide 60
                                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                                          • Slide 66
                                                                                          • Slide 67
                                                                                          • Slide 68
                                                                                          • Slide 69
                                                                                          • Slide 70
                                                                                          • Slide 71
                                                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                          • Slide 74
                                                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                          • Slide 78
                                                                                          • Slide 79
                                                                                          • Slide 80
                                                                                          • Slide 81
                                                                                          • Slide 82
                                                                                          • Slide 83
                                                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                          • Slide 86
                                                                                          • Slide 87
                                                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                          • Slide 89
                                                                                          • Slide 90
                                                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                                                          • Slide 93
                                                                                          • Slide 94
                                                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                          • Slide 97
                                                                                          • Slide 98
                                                                                          • Slide 99
                                                                                          • Slide 100
                                                                                          • Slide 101
                                                                                          • Slide 102
                                                                                          • Slide 103
                                                                                          • Slide 104
                                                                                          • Slide 105
                                                                                          • Slide 106
                                                                                          • Slide 107
                                                                                          • Slide 108
                                                                                          • Slide 109
                                                                                          • Slide 110
                                                                                          • Slide 111

                                                                                            bull Systematic error estimates for all PEs require reliable spin tracking tools

                                                                                            Top priority to make them available ASAP

                                                                                            bull Next step bull Scrutinize potential of different PEsbull Identify PE with best systematic limit on dpd

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 69

                                                                                            Summary

                                                                                            Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                            ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                            ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                            Spare transparencies

                                                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                            Momentum vector

                                                                                            bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                            bull hellipjust right

                                                                                            bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            gG

                                                                                            c

                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                            m

                                                                                            eG

                                                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                            G

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                            Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                            11

                                                                                            01

                                                                                            12

                                                                                            G

                                                                                            G

                                                                                            G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                            Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                            G

                                                                                            mp

                                                                                            G 1

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                            Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                            spin manipulation

                                                                                            there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                            snakesCOn

                                                                                            COn

                                                                                            flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                            spin closed orbit

                                                                                            180o

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                            Machine acceptance

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                            lost

                                                                                            cooled

                                                                                            targetring acceptance

                                                                                            beam

                                                                                            In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                            the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                            K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                            Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                            COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                            Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                            Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                            IBeam

                                                                                            time

                                                                                            COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                            PAX

                                                                                            Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                            Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                            Technological challenges

                                                                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                            ParticleAtom

                                                                                            Current EDM Limit

                                                                                            Future Goal

                                                                                            dn equivalent

                                                                                            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                            Spin Precession

                                                                                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                            )()(dt

                                                                                            dEvBBvEd

                                                                                            S

                                                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                                                            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                            dt

                                                                                            dBEd

                                                                                            S

                                                                                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                            0G

                                                                                            Edt

                                                                                            s

                                                                                            d

                                                                                            d

                                                                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                            COn

                                                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                            Polarization not affected

                                                                                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                            COn

                                                                                            COn

                                                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                            Simple model

                                                                                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                            referenceoscillation

                                                                                            decoherencetime

                                                                                            oscillationcapture

                                                                                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                            RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                            stored d

                                                                                            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                            polarization

                                                                                            Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                            growsPP

                                                                                            dropsP

                                                                                            zx

                                                                                            y

                                                                                            22

                                                                                            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                            Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                            dt

                                                                                            dBEd

                                                                                            S

                                                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                            EDM Cooperation

                                                                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                            International srEDM Network

                                                                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                            DOE-Proposal

                                                                                            Study Group

                                                                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                            Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                            History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                            Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                            Momentum vector

                                                                                            Lower energy particle

                                                                                            hellipjust right

                                                                                            Higher energy particle

                                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            gG

                                                                                            c

                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                            m

                                                                                            eG

                                                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                            G

                                                                                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                            c

                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                            m

                                                                                            eG

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            1

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            edmG

                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                            B

                                                                                            c

                                                                                            E

                                                                                            S

                                                                                            cdedm

                                                                                            Systematic Effects

                                                                                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                            2

                                                                                            c

                                                                                            EVsys

                                                                                            R

                                                                                            V

                                                                                            E

                                                                                            E

                                                                                            d

                                                                                            GR

                                                                                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                            Radial precession

                                                                                            Needs to be minimized

                                                                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                            EDM Projects

                                                                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                            spin as a function of time

                                                                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                            EDM at COSY

                                                                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                            Juumllich

                                                                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                            22zx PPP

                                                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                            17

                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                            18

                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                            19

                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                            t t=Lv

                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                            for one year measurement

                                                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                            3

                                                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                            • Layout
                                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                                            • Slide 9
                                                                                            • Slide 10
                                                                                            • Slide 11
                                                                                            • Slide 12
                                                                                            • Slide 13
                                                                                            • Slide 14
                                                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                            • Slide 17
                                                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                            • Slide 19
                                                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                                                            • Slide 21
                                                                                            • Slide 22
                                                                                            • Slide 23
                                                                                            • Slide 24
                                                                                            • Slide 25
                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                            • Slide 28
                                                                                            • Slide 29
                                                                                            • Summary 2
                                                                                            • Slide 31
                                                                                            • Slide 32
                                                                                            • Slide 33
                                                                                            • Slide 34
                                                                                            • Slide 35
                                                                                            • Slide 36
                                                                                            • Slide 37
                                                                                            • Slide 38
                                                                                            • Slide 39
                                                                                            • Slide 40
                                                                                            • Slide 41
                                                                                            • Slide 42
                                                                                            • Slide 43
                                                                                            • Slide 44
                                                                                            • Slide 45
                                                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                                                            • Slide 47
                                                                                            • Slide 48
                                                                                            • Slide 49
                                                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                                                            • Slide 51
                                                                                            • Slide 52
                                                                                            • Slide 53
                                                                                            • Slide 54
                                                                                            • Slide 55
                                                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                            • Slide 57
                                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                                            • Slide 66
                                                                                            • Slide 67
                                                                                            • Slide 68
                                                                                            • Slide 69
                                                                                            • Slide 70
                                                                                            • Slide 71
                                                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                            • Slide 74
                                                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                            • Slide 78
                                                                                            • Slide 79
                                                                                            • Slide 80
                                                                                            • Slide 81
                                                                                            • Slide 82
                                                                                            • Slide 83
                                                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                            • Slide 86
                                                                                            • Slide 87
                                                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                            • Slide 89
                                                                                            • Slide 90
                                                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                                                            • Slide 93
                                                                                            • Slide 94
                                                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                            • Slide 97
                                                                                            • Slide 98
                                                                                            • Slide 99
                                                                                            • Slide 100
                                                                                            • Slide 101
                                                                                            • Slide 102
                                                                                            • Slide 103
                                                                                            • Slide 104
                                                                                            • Slide 105
                                                                                            • Slide 106
                                                                                            • Slide 107
                                                                                            • Slide 108
                                                                                            • Slide 109
                                                                                            • Slide 110
                                                                                            • Slide 111

                                                                                              Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799)

                                                                                              ldquoMan muszlig etwas Neues machen um etwas Neues zu sehenrdquo

                                                                                              ldquoYou have to make (create) something new if you want to see something newrdquo

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 70Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                              Spare transparencies

                                                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                              Momentum vector

                                                                                              bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                              bull hellipjust right

                                                                                              bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              gG

                                                                                              c

                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                              m

                                                                                              eG

                                                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                              G

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                              Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                              11

                                                                                              01

                                                                                              12

                                                                                              G

                                                                                              G

                                                                                              G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                              Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                              G

                                                                                              mp

                                                                                              G 1

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                              Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                              spin manipulation

                                                                                              there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                              snakesCOn

                                                                                              COn

                                                                                              flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                              spin closed orbit

                                                                                              180o

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                              Machine acceptance

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                              lost

                                                                                              cooled

                                                                                              targetring acceptance

                                                                                              beam

                                                                                              In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                              the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                              K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                              Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                              COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                              Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                              Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                              IBeam

                                                                                              time

                                                                                              COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                              PAX

                                                                                              Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                              Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                              bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                              Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                              Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                              A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                              D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                              Technological challenges

                                                                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                              ParticleAtom

                                                                                              Current EDM Limit

                                                                                              Future Goal

                                                                                              dn equivalent

                                                                                              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                              Spin Precession

                                                                                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                              )()(dt

                                                                                              dEvBBvEd

                                                                                              S

                                                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                                                              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                              dt

                                                                                              dBEd

                                                                                              S

                                                                                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                              0G

                                                                                              Edt

                                                                                              s

                                                                                              d

                                                                                              d

                                                                                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                              COn

                                                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                              Polarization not affected

                                                                                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                              COn

                                                                                              COn

                                                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                              Simple model

                                                                                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                              referenceoscillation

                                                                                              decoherencetime

                                                                                              oscillationcapture

                                                                                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                              RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                              stored d

                                                                                              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                              polarization

                                                                                              Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                              growsPP

                                                                                              dropsP

                                                                                              zx

                                                                                              y

                                                                                              22

                                                                                              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                              Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                              dt

                                                                                              dBEd

                                                                                              S

                                                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                                                              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                              EDM Cooperation

                                                                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                              International srEDM Network

                                                                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                              DOE-Proposal

                                                                                              Study Group

                                                                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                              Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                              History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                              Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                              Momentum vector

                                                                                              Lower energy particle

                                                                                              hellipjust right

                                                                                              Higher energy particle

                                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              gG

                                                                                              c

                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                              m

                                                                                              eG

                                                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                              G

                                                                                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                              c

                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                              m

                                                                                              eG

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              1

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              edmG

                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                              B

                                                                                              c

                                                                                              E

                                                                                              S

                                                                                              cdedm

                                                                                              Systematic Effects

                                                                                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                              2

                                                                                              c

                                                                                              EVsys

                                                                                              R

                                                                                              V

                                                                                              E

                                                                                              E

                                                                                              d

                                                                                              GR

                                                                                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                              Radial precession

                                                                                              Needs to be minimized

                                                                                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                              EDM Projects

                                                                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                              spin as a function of time

                                                                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                              EDM at COSY

                                                                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                              Juumllich

                                                                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                              22zx PPP

                                                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                              17

                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                              18

                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                              19

                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                              t t=Lv

                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                              for one year measurement

                                                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                              3

                                                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                              • Layout
                                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                              • Slide 7
                                                                                              • Slide 8
                                                                                              • Slide 9
                                                                                              • Slide 10
                                                                                              • Slide 11
                                                                                              • Slide 12
                                                                                              • Slide 13
                                                                                              • Slide 14
                                                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                              • Slide 17
                                                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                              • Slide 19
                                                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                                                              • Slide 21
                                                                                              • Slide 22
                                                                                              • Slide 23
                                                                                              • Slide 24
                                                                                              • Slide 25
                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                              • Slide 28
                                                                                              • Slide 29
                                                                                              • Summary 2
                                                                                              • Slide 31
                                                                                              • Slide 32
                                                                                              • Slide 33
                                                                                              • Slide 34
                                                                                              • Slide 35
                                                                                              • Slide 36
                                                                                              • Slide 37
                                                                                              • Slide 38
                                                                                              • Slide 39
                                                                                              • Slide 40
                                                                                              • Slide 41
                                                                                              • Slide 42
                                                                                              • Slide 43
                                                                                              • Slide 44
                                                                                              • Slide 45
                                                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                                                              • Slide 47
                                                                                              • Slide 48
                                                                                              • Slide 49
                                                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                                                              • Slide 51
                                                                                              • Slide 52
                                                                                              • Slide 53
                                                                                              • Slide 54
                                                                                              • Slide 55
                                                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                              • Slide 57
                                                                                              • Slide 58
                                                                                              • Slide 59
                                                                                              • Slide 60
                                                                                              • Slide 61
                                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                                              • Slide 66
                                                                                              • Slide 67
                                                                                              • Slide 68
                                                                                              • Slide 69
                                                                                              • Slide 70
                                                                                              • Slide 71
                                                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                              • Slide 74
                                                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                              • Slide 78
                                                                                              • Slide 79
                                                                                              • Slide 80
                                                                                              • Slide 81
                                                                                              • Slide 82
                                                                                              • Slide 83
                                                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                              • Slide 86
                                                                                              • Slide 87
                                                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                              • Slide 89
                                                                                              • Slide 90
                                                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                                                              • Slide 93
                                                                                              • Slide 94
                                                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                              • Slide 97
                                                                                              • Slide 98
                                                                                              • Slide 99
                                                                                              • Slide 100
                                                                                              • Slide 101
                                                                                              • Slide 102
                                                                                              • Slide 103
                                                                                              • Slide 104
                                                                                              • Slide 105
                                                                                              • Slide 106
                                                                                              • Slide 107
                                                                                              • Slide 108
                                                                                              • Slide 109
                                                                                              • Slide 110
                                                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 71Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                Spare transparencies

                                                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                                                bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                                bull hellipjust right

                                                                                                bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                gG

                                                                                                c

                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                m

                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                G

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                                11

                                                                                                01

                                                                                                12

                                                                                                G

                                                                                                G

                                                                                                G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                                Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                                G

                                                                                                mp

                                                                                                G 1

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                                Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                spin manipulation

                                                                                                there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                                snakesCOn

                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                                spin closed orbit

                                                                                                180o

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                Machine acceptance

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                                lost

                                                                                                cooled

                                                                                                targetring acceptance

                                                                                                beam

                                                                                                In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                                the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                                K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                                Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                                COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                                Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                                Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                                IBeam

                                                                                                time

                                                                                                COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                                PAX

                                                                                                Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                Technological challenges

                                                                                                Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                ParticleAtom

                                                                                                Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                Future Goal

                                                                                                dn equivalent

                                                                                                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                Spin Precession

                                                                                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                )()(dt

                                                                                                dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                S

                                                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                                                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                dt

                                                                                                dBEd

                                                                                                S

                                                                                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                0G

                                                                                                Edt

                                                                                                s

                                                                                                d

                                                                                                d

                                                                                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                Polarization not affected

                                                                                                Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                Simple model

                                                                                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                referenceoscillation

                                                                                                decoherencetime

                                                                                                oscillationcapture

                                                                                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                stored d

                                                                                                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                polarization

                                                                                                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                growsPP

                                                                                                dropsP

                                                                                                zx

                                                                                                y

                                                                                                22

                                                                                                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                dt

                                                                                                dBEd

                                                                                                S

                                                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                                                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                International srEDM Network

                                                                                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                Study Group

                                                                                                Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                                                Lower energy particle

                                                                                                hellipjust right

                                                                                                Higher energy particle

                                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                gG

                                                                                                c

                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                m

                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                G

                                                                                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                c

                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                m

                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                1

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                edmG

                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                B

                                                                                                c

                                                                                                E

                                                                                                S

                                                                                                cdedm

                                                                                                Systematic Effects

                                                                                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                2

                                                                                                c

                                                                                                EVsys

                                                                                                R

                                                                                                V

                                                                                                E

                                                                                                E

                                                                                                d

                                                                                                GR

                                                                                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                Radial precession

                                                                                                Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                EDM Projects

                                                                                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                spin as a function of time

                                                                                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                EDM at COSY

                                                                                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                Juumllich

                                                                                                Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                22zx PPP

                                                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                17

                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                18

                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                19

                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                t t=Lv

                                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                3

                                                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                • Layout
                                                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                                                  bull Lower energy particle

                                                                                                  bull hellipjust right

                                                                                                  bull Higher energy particle

                                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  gG

                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 72Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                  Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                                  11

                                                                                                  01

                                                                                                  12

                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                  G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                                  Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                  mp

                                                                                                  G 1

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                                  Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                  spin manipulation

                                                                                                  there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                                  snakesCOn

                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                  flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                                  spin closed orbit

                                                                                                  180o

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                  Machine acceptance

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                                  lost

                                                                                                  cooled

                                                                                                  targetring acceptance

                                                                                                  beam

                                                                                                  In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                                  the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                                  K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                                  Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                                  COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                                  Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                                  Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                                  IBeam

                                                                                                  time

                                                                                                  COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                                  PAX

                                                                                                  Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                  Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                  bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                  Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                  Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                  A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                  D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                  2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                  Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                  Technological challenges

                                                                                                  Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                  bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                  Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                  Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                  Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                  Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                  ParticleAtom

                                                                                                  Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                  Future Goal

                                                                                                  dn equivalent

                                                                                                  Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                  199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                  129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                  Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                  Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                  Spin Precession

                                                                                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                  )()(dt

                                                                                                  dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                                                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                  dt

                                                                                                  dBEd

                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                  0G

                                                                                                  Edt

                                                                                                  s

                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                  Polarization not affected

                                                                                                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                  Simple model

                                                                                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                  referenceoscillation

                                                                                                  decoherencetime

                                                                                                  oscillationcapture

                                                                                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                  stored d

                                                                                                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                  polarization

                                                                                                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                  growsPP

                                                                                                  dropsP

                                                                                                  zx

                                                                                                  y

                                                                                                  22

                                                                                                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                  Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                  dt

                                                                                                  dBEd

                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                  EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                  International srEDM Network

                                                                                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                  DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                  Study Group

                                                                                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                  Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                                                  Lower energy particle

                                                                                                  hellipjust right

                                                                                                  Higher energy particle

                                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  gG

                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  edmG

                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                  B

                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                  cdedm

                                                                                                  Systematic Effects

                                                                                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                  EVsys

                                                                                                  R

                                                                                                  V

                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                  GR

                                                                                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                  Radial precession

                                                                                                  Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                  EDM Projects

                                                                                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                  spin as a function of time

                                                                                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                  EDM at COSY

                                                                                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                  Juumllich

                                                                                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                  22zx PPP

                                                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                  17

                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                  18

                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                  19

                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                  t t=Lv

                                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                  for one year measurement

                                                                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                  3

                                                                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                  • Layout
                                                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                                                  • Slide 111

                                                                                                    Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields

                                                                                                    11

                                                                                                    01

                                                                                                    12

                                                                                                    G

                                                                                                    G

                                                                                                    G gt 0 for γ gt 1 if only electric fields are applied

                                                                                                    Magic momentum for protons p = 70074 MeVc

                                                                                                    G

                                                                                                    mp

                                                                                                    G 1

                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                    μp μN = 2792 847 356 (23) Gp = 17928473565μd μN = 0857 438 2308 (72) Gd = -014298727202μHe-3 μN = -2127 497 718 (25) G3He= -41839627399

                                                                                                    Nuclear magneton μN = eħ (2mpc) = 5050 783 24 (13) middot 10-27 J T-1

                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 73Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                    spin manipulation

                                                                                                    there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                                    snakesCOn

                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                    flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                                    spin closed orbit

                                                                                                    180o

                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                    Machine acceptance

                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                                    lost

                                                                                                    cooled

                                                                                                    targetring acceptance

                                                                                                    beam

                                                                                                    In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                                    the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                                    K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                                    Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                                    COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                                    Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                                    Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                                    IBeam

                                                                                                    time

                                                                                                    COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                                    PAX

                                                                                                    Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                    Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                    bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                    Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                    Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                    A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                    D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                    2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                    Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                    Technological challenges

                                                                                                    Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                    bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                    Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                    Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                    Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                    Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                    ParticleAtom

                                                                                                    Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                    Future Goal

                                                                                                    dn equivalent

                                                                                                    Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                    199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                    129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                    Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                    Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                    Spin Precession

                                                                                                    In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                    )()(dt

                                                                                                    dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                                                    Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                    dt

                                                                                                    dBEd

                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                    Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                    Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                    Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                    0G

                                                                                                    Edt

                                                                                                    s

                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                    Polarization not affected

                                                                                                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                    Simple model

                                                                                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                    referenceoscillation

                                                                                                    decoherencetime

                                                                                                    oscillationcapture

                                                                                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                    stored d

                                                                                                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                    polarization

                                                                                                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                    growsPP

                                                                                                    dropsP

                                                                                                    zx

                                                                                                    y

                                                                                                    22

                                                                                                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                    Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                    dt

                                                                                                    dBEd

                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                    EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                    International srEDM Network

                                                                                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                    DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                    Study Group

                                                                                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                    Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                    History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                    Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                                                    Lower energy particle

                                                                                                    hellipjust right

                                                                                                    Higher energy particle

                                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                    gG

                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                                    m

                                                                                                    eG

                                                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                                    G

                                                                                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                                    m

                                                                                                    eG

                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                    edmG

                                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                                    B

                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                    cdedm

                                                                                                    Systematic Effects

                                                                                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                    EVsys

                                                                                                    R

                                                                                                    V

                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                    GR

                                                                                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                    Radial precession

                                                                                                    Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                    EDM Projects

                                                                                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                    spin as a function of time

                                                                                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                    EDM at COSY

                                                                                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                    Juumllich

                                                                                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                                    22zx PPP

                                                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                    17

                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                    18

                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                    19

                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                    t t=Lv

                                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                    for one year measurement

                                                                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                    3

                                                                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                    • Layout
                                                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                                                    • Slide 8
                                                                                                    • Slide 9
                                                                                                    • Slide 10
                                                                                                    • Slide 11
                                                                                                    • Slide 12
                                                                                                    • Slide 13
                                                                                                    • Slide 14
                                                                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                    • Slide 17
                                                                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                    • Slide 19
                                                                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                                                                    • Slide 21
                                                                                                    • Slide 22
                                                                                                    • Slide 23
                                                                                                    • Slide 24
                                                                                                    • Slide 25
                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                    • Slide 28
                                                                                                    • Slide 29
                                                                                                    • Summary 2
                                                                                                    • Slide 31
                                                                                                    • Slide 32
                                                                                                    • Slide 33
                                                                                                    • Slide 34
                                                                                                    • Slide 35
                                                                                                    • Slide 36
                                                                                                    • Slide 37
                                                                                                    • Slide 38
                                                                                                    • Slide 39
                                                                                                    • Slide 40
                                                                                                    • Slide 41
                                                                                                    • Slide 42
                                                                                                    • Slide 43
                                                                                                    • Slide 44
                                                                                                    • Slide 45
                                                                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                                                                    • Slide 47
                                                                                                    • Slide 48
                                                                                                    • Slide 49
                                                                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                                                                    • Slide 51
                                                                                                    • Slide 52
                                                                                                    • Slide 53
                                                                                                    • Slide 54
                                                                                                    • Slide 55
                                                                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                    • Slide 57
                                                                                                    • Slide 58
                                                                                                    • Slide 59
                                                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                                                    • Slide 66
                                                                                                    • Slide 67
                                                                                                    • Slide 68
                                                                                                    • Slide 69
                                                                                                    • Slide 70
                                                                                                    • Slide 71
                                                                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                    • Slide 74
                                                                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                    • Slide 78
                                                                                                    • Slide 79
                                                                                                    • Slide 80
                                                                                                    • Slide 81
                                                                                                    • Slide 82
                                                                                                    • Slide 83
                                                                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                    • Slide 86
                                                                                                    • Slide 87
                                                                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                    • Slide 89
                                                                                                    • Slide 90
                                                                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                    • Slide 93
                                                                                                    • Slide 94
                                                                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                    • Slide 97
                                                                                                    • Slide 98
                                                                                                    • Slide 99
                                                                                                    • Slide 100
                                                                                                    • Slide 101
                                                                                                    • Slide 102
                                                                                                    • Slide 103
                                                                                                    • Slide 104
                                                                                                    • Slide 105
                                                                                                    • Slide 106
                                                                                                    • Slide 107
                                                                                                    • Slide 108
                                                                                                    • Slide 109
                                                                                                    • Slide 110
                                                                                                    • Slide 111

                                                                                                      spin manipulation

                                                                                                      there is an for every point of the orbitSnakes (non-vertical B field) affect

                                                                                                      snakesCOn

                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                      flippersramping through a resonance reverses COn

                                                                                                      spin closed orbit

                                                                                                      180o

                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 74Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                      Machine acceptance

                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                                      lost

                                                                                                      cooled

                                                                                                      targetring acceptance

                                                                                                      beam

                                                                                                      In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                                      the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                                      K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                                      Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                                      COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                                      Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                                      Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                                      IBeam

                                                                                                      time

                                                                                                      COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                                      PAX

                                                                                                      Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                      Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                      bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                      Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                      Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                      A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                      D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                      2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                      Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                      Technological challenges

                                                                                                      Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                      bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                      Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                      Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                      Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                      Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                      ParticleAtom

                                                                                                      Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                      Future Goal

                                                                                                      dn equivalent

                                                                                                      Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                      199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                      129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                      Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                      Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                      Spin Precession

                                                                                                      In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                      )()(dt

                                                                                                      dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                                                      Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                      dt

                                                                                                      dBEd

                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                      Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                      Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                      Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                      NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                      A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                      ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                      Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                      particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                      proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                      deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                      0G

                                                                                                      Edt

                                                                                                      s

                                                                                                      d

                                                                                                      d

                                                                                                      One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                      Polarization not affected

                                                                                                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                      Simple model

                                                                                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                      referenceoscillation

                                                                                                      decoherencetime

                                                                                                      oscillationcapture

                                                                                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                      stored d

                                                                                                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                      polarization

                                                                                                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                      growsPP

                                                                                                      dropsP

                                                                                                      zx

                                                                                                      y

                                                                                                      22

                                                                                                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                      Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                      dt

                                                                                                      dBEd

                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                      EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                      International srEDM Network

                                                                                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                      DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                      Study Group

                                                                                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                      Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                      History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                      Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                                                      Lower energy particle

                                                                                                      hellipjust right

                                                                                                      Higher energy particle

                                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                      gG

                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                                      m

                                                                                                      eG

                                                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                                      G

                                                                                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                                      m

                                                                                                      eG

                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                      edmG

                                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                                      B

                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                      cdedm

                                                                                                      Systematic Effects

                                                                                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                      EVsys

                                                                                                      R

                                                                                                      V

                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                      d

                                                                                                      GR

                                                                                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                      Radial precession

                                                                                                      Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                      EDM Projects

                                                                                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                      spin as a function of time

                                                                                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                      EDM at COSY

                                                                                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                      Juumllich

                                                                                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                                      22zx PPP

                                                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                      17

                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                      18

                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                      19

                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                      t t=Lv

                                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                      for one year measurement

                                                                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                      3

                                                                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                      • Layout
                                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                      • Slide 7
                                                                                                      • Slide 8
                                                                                                      • Slide 9
                                                                                                      • Slide 10
                                                                                                      • Slide 11
                                                                                                      • Slide 12
                                                                                                      • Slide 13
                                                                                                      • Slide 14
                                                                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                      • Slide 17
                                                                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                      • Slide 19
                                                                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                                                                      • Slide 21
                                                                                                      • Slide 22
                                                                                                      • Slide 23
                                                                                                      • Slide 24
                                                                                                      • Slide 25
                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                      • Slide 28
                                                                                                      • Slide 29
                                                                                                      • Summary 2
                                                                                                      • Slide 31
                                                                                                      • Slide 32
                                                                                                      • Slide 33
                                                                                                      • Slide 34
                                                                                                      • Slide 35
                                                                                                      • Slide 36
                                                                                                      • Slide 37
                                                                                                      • Slide 38
                                                                                                      • Slide 39
                                                                                                      • Slide 40
                                                                                                      • Slide 41
                                                                                                      • Slide 42
                                                                                                      • Slide 43
                                                                                                      • Slide 44
                                                                                                      • Slide 45
                                                                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                                                                      • Slide 47
                                                                                                      • Slide 48
                                                                                                      • Slide 49
                                                                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                                                                      • Slide 51
                                                                                                      • Slide 52
                                                                                                      • Slide 53
                                                                                                      • Slide 54
                                                                                                      • Slide 55
                                                                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                      • Slide 57
                                                                                                      • Slide 58
                                                                                                      • Slide 59
                                                                                                      • Slide 60
                                                                                                      • Slide 61
                                                                                                      • Slide 62
                                                                                                      • Slide 63
                                                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                                                      • Slide 66
                                                                                                      • Slide 67
                                                                                                      • Slide 68
                                                                                                      • Slide 69
                                                                                                      • Slide 70
                                                                                                      • Slide 71
                                                                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                      • Slide 74
                                                                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                      • Slide 78
                                                                                                      • Slide 79
                                                                                                      • Slide 80
                                                                                                      • Slide 81
                                                                                                      • Slide 82
                                                                                                      • Slide 83
                                                                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                      • Slide 86
                                                                                                      • Slide 87
                                                                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                      • Slide 89
                                                                                                      • Slide 90
                                                                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                      • Slide 93
                                                                                                      • Slide 94
                                                                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                      • Slide 97
                                                                                                      • Slide 98
                                                                                                      • Slide 99
                                                                                                      • Slide 100
                                                                                                      • Slide 101
                                                                                                      • Slide 102
                                                                                                      • Slide 103
                                                                                                      • Slide 104
                                                                                                      • Slide 105
                                                                                                      • Slide 106
                                                                                                      • Slide 107
                                                                                                      • Slide 108
                                                                                                      • Slide 109
                                                                                                      • Slide 110
                                                                                                      • Slide 111

                                                                                                        Machine acceptance

                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 75

                                                                                                        lost

                                                                                                        cooled

                                                                                                        targetring acceptance

                                                                                                        beam

                                                                                                        In an ideal machine (like TSR-HD)rarr Single-Coulomb scattering at

                                                                                                        the target dominates beam loss

                                                                                                        K Grigoriev et al NIMA 599130 (2009)

                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                                        Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                                        COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                                        Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                                        Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                                        IBeam

                                                                                                        time

                                                                                                        COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                                        PAX

                                                                                                        Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                        Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                        bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                        Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                        Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                        A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                        D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                        2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                        Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                        Technological challenges

                                                                                                        Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                        bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                        Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                        Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                        Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                        Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                        ParticleAtom

                                                                                                        Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                        Future Goal

                                                                                                        dn equivalent

                                                                                                        Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                        199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                        129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                        Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                        Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                        Spin Precession

                                                                                                        In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                        )()(dt

                                                                                                        dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                                                        Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                        dt

                                                                                                        dBEd

                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                        Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                        Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                        Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                        NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                        A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                        ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                        Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                        particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                        proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                        deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                        0G

                                                                                                        Edt

                                                                                                        s

                                                                                                        d

                                                                                                        d

                                                                                                        One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                        Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                        COn

                                                                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                        After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                        Polarization not affected

                                                                                                        Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                        COn

                                                                                                        COn

                                                                                                        At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                        Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                        In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                        Simple model

                                                                                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                        referenceoscillation

                                                                                                        decoherencetime

                                                                                                        oscillationcapture

                                                                                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                        stored d

                                                                                                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                        polarization

                                                                                                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                        growsPP

                                                                                                        dropsP

                                                                                                        zx

                                                                                                        y

                                                                                                        22

                                                                                                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                        Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                        dt

                                                                                                        dBEd

                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                        EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                        International srEDM Network

                                                                                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                        DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                        Study Group

                                                                                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                        Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                        History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                        Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                        Momentum vector

                                                                                                        Lower energy particle

                                                                                                        hellipjust right

                                                                                                        Higher energy particle

                                                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                        gG

                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                                        m

                                                                                                        eG

                                                                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                                        G

                                                                                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                                        m

                                                                                                        eG

                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                        edmG

                                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                                        B

                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                        cdedm

                                                                                                        Systematic Effects

                                                                                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                        EVsys

                                                                                                        R

                                                                                                        V

                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                        d

                                                                                                        GR

                                                                                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                        Radial precession

                                                                                                        Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                        EDM Projects

                                                                                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                        spin as a function of time

                                                                                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                        EDM at COSY

                                                                                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                        Juumllich

                                                                                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                                        22zx PPP

                                                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                        17

                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                        18

                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                        19

                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                        t t=Lv

                                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                        for one year measurement

                                                                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                        3

                                                                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                        • Layout
                                                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                        • Slide 7
                                                                                                        • Slide 8
                                                                                                        • Slide 9
                                                                                                        • Slide 10
                                                                                                        • Slide 11
                                                                                                        • Slide 12
                                                                                                        • Slide 13
                                                                                                        • Slide 14
                                                                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                        • Slide 17
                                                                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                        • Slide 19
                                                                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                                                                        • Slide 21
                                                                                                        • Slide 22
                                                                                                        • Slide 23
                                                                                                        • Slide 24
                                                                                                        • Slide 25
                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                        • Slide 28
                                                                                                        • Slide 29
                                                                                                        • Summary 2
                                                                                                        • Slide 31
                                                                                                        • Slide 32
                                                                                                        • Slide 33
                                                                                                        • Slide 34
                                                                                                        • Slide 35
                                                                                                        • Slide 36
                                                                                                        • Slide 37
                                                                                                        • Slide 38
                                                                                                        • Slide 39
                                                                                                        • Slide 40
                                                                                                        • Slide 41
                                                                                                        • Slide 42
                                                                                                        • Slide 43
                                                                                                        • Slide 44
                                                                                                        • Slide 45
                                                                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                                                                        • Slide 47
                                                                                                        • Slide 48
                                                                                                        • Slide 49
                                                                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                                                                        • Slide 51
                                                                                                        • Slide 52
                                                                                                        • Slide 53
                                                                                                        • Slide 54
                                                                                                        • Slide 55
                                                                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                        • Slide 57
                                                                                                        • Slide 58
                                                                                                        • Slide 59
                                                                                                        • Slide 60
                                                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                                                        • Slide 66
                                                                                                        • Slide 67
                                                                                                        • Slide 68
                                                                                                        • Slide 69
                                                                                                        • Slide 70
                                                                                                        • Slide 71
                                                                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                        • Slide 74
                                                                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                        • Slide 78
                                                                                                        • Slide 79
                                                                                                        • Slide 80
                                                                                                        • Slide 81
                                                                                                        • Slide 82
                                                                                                        • Slide 83
                                                                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                        • Slide 86
                                                                                                        • Slide 87
                                                                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                        • Slide 89
                                                                                                        • Slide 90
                                                                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                        • Slide 93
                                                                                                        • Slide 94
                                                                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                        • Slide 97
                                                                                                        • Slide 98
                                                                                                        • Slide 99
                                                                                                        • Slide 100
                                                                                                        • Slide 101
                                                                                                        • Slide 102
                                                                                                        • Slide 103
                                                                                                        • Slide 104
                                                                                                        • Slide 105
                                                                                                        • Slide 106
                                                                                                        • Slide 107
                                                                                                        • Slide 108
                                                                                                        • Slide 109
                                                                                                        • Slide 110
                                                                                                        • Slide 111

                                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 76

                                                                                                          Future Time Reversal Invariance Test

                                                                                                          COSY-TRIC P-even T-odd

                                                                                                          Total polarization correlation coefficient Ayxz leads to relative difference of current slopes

                                                                                                          Milestone Operation of Precision BCT with IIlt10-4

                                                                                                          IBeam

                                                                                                          time

                                                                                                          COSY used as accelerator and detector

                                                                                                          PAX

                                                                                                          Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                          Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                          bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                          Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                          Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                          A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                          D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                          2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                          Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                          Technological challenges

                                                                                                          Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                          bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                          Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                          Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                          Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                          Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                          ParticleAtom

                                                                                                          Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                          Future Goal

                                                                                                          dn equivalent

                                                                                                          Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                          199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                          129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                          Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                          Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                          Spin Precession

                                                                                                          In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                          )()(dt

                                                                                                          dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                          S

                                                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                                                          Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                          dt

                                                                                                          dBEd

                                                                                                          S

                                                                                                          Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                          Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                          Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                          NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                          A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                          ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                          Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                          particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                          proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                          deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                          0G

                                                                                                          Edt

                                                                                                          s

                                                                                                          d

                                                                                                          d

                                                                                                          One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                          Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                          COn

                                                                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                          After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                          Polarization not affected

                                                                                                          Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                          COn

                                                                                                          COn

                                                                                                          At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                          Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                          In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                          Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                          Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                          Simple model

                                                                                                          5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                          referenceoscillation

                                                                                                          decoherencetime

                                                                                                          oscillationcapture

                                                                                                          RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                          RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                          stored d

                                                                                                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                          polarization

                                                                                                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                          growsPP

                                                                                                          dropsP

                                                                                                          zx

                                                                                                          y

                                                                                                          22

                                                                                                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                          Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                          dt

                                                                                                          dBEd

                                                                                                          S

                                                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                          EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                          International srEDM Network

                                                                                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                          DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                          Study Group

                                                                                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                          Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                          History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                          Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                          Momentum vector

                                                                                                          Lower energy particle

                                                                                                          hellipjust right

                                                                                                          Higher energy particle

                                                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                          gG

                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                                          m

                                                                                                          eG

                                                                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                                          G

                                                                                                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                                          m

                                                                                                          eG

                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                          edmG

                                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                                          B

                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                          S

                                                                                                          cdedm

                                                                                                          Systematic Effects

                                                                                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                          EVsys

                                                                                                          R

                                                                                                          V

                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                          d

                                                                                                          GR

                                                                                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                          Radial precession

                                                                                                          Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                          EDM Projects

                                                                                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                          spin as a function of time

                                                                                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                          EDM at COSY

                                                                                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                          Juumllich

                                                                                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                                          22zx PPP

                                                                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                          17

                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                          18

                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                          19

                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                          t t=Lv

                                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                          for one year measurement

                                                                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                          3

                                                                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                          • Layout
                                                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                          • Slide 7
                                                                                                          • Slide 8
                                                                                                          • Slide 9
                                                                                                          • Slide 10
                                                                                                          • Slide 11
                                                                                                          • Slide 12
                                                                                                          • Slide 13
                                                                                                          • Slide 14
                                                                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                          • Slide 17
                                                                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                          • Slide 19
                                                                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                                                                          • Slide 21
                                                                                                          • Slide 22
                                                                                                          • Slide 23
                                                                                                          • Slide 24
                                                                                                          • Slide 25
                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                          • Slide 28
                                                                                                          • Slide 29
                                                                                                          • Summary 2
                                                                                                          • Slide 31
                                                                                                          • Slide 32
                                                                                                          • Slide 33
                                                                                                          • Slide 34
                                                                                                          • Slide 35
                                                                                                          • Slide 36
                                                                                                          • Slide 37
                                                                                                          • Slide 38
                                                                                                          • Slide 39
                                                                                                          • Slide 40
                                                                                                          • Slide 41
                                                                                                          • Slide 42
                                                                                                          • Slide 43
                                                                                                          • Slide 44
                                                                                                          • Slide 45
                                                                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                                                                          • Slide 47
                                                                                                          • Slide 48
                                                                                                          • Slide 49
                                                                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                                                                          • Slide 51
                                                                                                          • Slide 52
                                                                                                          • Slide 53
                                                                                                          • Slide 54
                                                                                                          • Slide 55
                                                                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                          • Slide 57
                                                                                                          • Slide 58
                                                                                                          • Slide 59
                                                                                                          • Slide 60
                                                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                                                          • Slide 66
                                                                                                          • Slide 67
                                                                                                          • Slide 68
                                                                                                          • Slide 69
                                                                                                          • Slide 70
                                                                                                          • Slide 71
                                                                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                          • Slide 74
                                                                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                          • Slide 78
                                                                                                          • Slide 79
                                                                                                          • Slide 80
                                                                                                          • Slide 81
                                                                                                          • Slide 82
                                                                                                          • Slide 83
                                                                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                          • Slide 86
                                                                                                          • Slide 87
                                                                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                          • Slide 89
                                                                                                          • Slide 90
                                                                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                          • Slide 93
                                                                                                          • Slide 94
                                                                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                          • Slide 97
                                                                                                          • Slide 98
                                                                                                          • Slide 99
                                                                                                          • Slide 100
                                                                                                          • Slide 101
                                                                                                          • Slide 102
                                                                                                          • Slide 103
                                                                                                          • Slide 104
                                                                                                          • Slide 105
                                                                                                          • Slide 106
                                                                                                          • Slide 107
                                                                                                          • Slide 108
                                                                                                          • Slide 109
                                                                                                          • Slide 110
                                                                                                          • Slide 111

                                                                                                            Need for a high precision BCT

                                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY 77

                                                                                                            Status TRI Test at COSY

                                                                                                            bull Slow fluctuations in the measured BCT signal exceed the noise band at higher frequencies

                                                                                                            Possible solutionCryogenic Current Comparator read out by low-temperature super-conducting quantum interference device

                                                                                                            Highest resolution achieved 250 pAHz

                                                                                                            A Steppke IEEE Trans Appl Superc (2009)

                                                                                                            D Eversheim Hyperfine Interact 193 (2009)

                                                                                                            2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                            Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                            Technological challenges

                                                                                                            Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                            bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                            Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                            Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                            Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                            Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                            ParticleAtom

                                                                                                            Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                            Future Goal

                                                                                                            dn equivalent

                                                                                                            Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                            199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                            129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                            Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                            Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                            Spin Precession

                                                                                                            In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                            )()(dt

                                                                                                            dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                            S

                                                                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                                                                            Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                            dt

                                                                                                            dBEd

                                                                                                            S

                                                                                                            Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                            Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                            Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                            NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                            A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                            ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                            Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                            particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                            proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                            deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                            0G

                                                                                                            Edt

                                                                                                            s

                                                                                                            d

                                                                                                            d

                                                                                                            One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                            Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                            COn

                                                                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                            After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                            Polarization not affected

                                                                                                            Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                            COn

                                                                                                            COn

                                                                                                            At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                            Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                            In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                            Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                            Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                            Simple model

                                                                                                            5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                            referenceoscillation

                                                                                                            decoherencetime

                                                                                                            oscillationcapture

                                                                                                            RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                            RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                            Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                            stored d

                                                                                                            RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                            polarization

                                                                                                            Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                            1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                            bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                            growsPP

                                                                                                            dropsP

                                                                                                            zx

                                                                                                            y

                                                                                                            22

                                                                                                            Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                            Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                            First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                            dt

                                                                                                            dBEd

                                                                                                            S

                                                                                                            ( rest frame)

                                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                            EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                            International srEDM Network

                                                                                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                            DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                            Study Group

                                                                                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                            Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                            History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                            Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                            Momentum vector

                                                                                                            Lower energy particle

                                                                                                            hellipjust right

                                                                                                            Higher energy particle

                                                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                            gG

                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                                            m

                                                                                                            eG

                                                                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                                            G

                                                                                                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                                            m

                                                                                                            eG

                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                            edmG

                                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                                            B

                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                            E

                                                                                                            S

                                                                                                            cdedm

                                                                                                            Systematic Effects

                                                                                                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                            EVsys

                                                                                                            R

                                                                                                            V

                                                                                                            E

                                                                                                            E

                                                                                                            d

                                                                                                            GR

                                                                                                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                            Radial precession

                                                                                                            Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                            EDM Projects

                                                                                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                            spin as a function of time

                                                                                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                            EDM at COSY

                                                                                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                            Juumllich

                                                                                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                                            22zx PPP

                                                                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                            17

                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                            18

                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                            19

                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                            t t=Lv

                                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                            for one year measurement

                                                                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                            3

                                                                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                            • Layout
                                                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                                                            • Slide 9
                                                                                                            • Slide 10
                                                                                                            • Slide 11
                                                                                                            • Slide 12
                                                                                                            • Slide 13
                                                                                                            • Slide 14
                                                                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                            • Slide 17
                                                                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                            • Slide 19
                                                                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                                                                            • Slide 21
                                                                                                            • Slide 22
                                                                                                            • Slide 23
                                                                                                            • Slide 24
                                                                                                            • Slide 25
                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                            • Slide 28
                                                                                                            • Slide 29
                                                                                                            • Summary 2
                                                                                                            • Slide 31
                                                                                                            • Slide 32
                                                                                                            • Slide 33
                                                                                                            • Slide 34
                                                                                                            • Slide 35
                                                                                                            • Slide 36
                                                                                                            • Slide 37
                                                                                                            • Slide 38
                                                                                                            • Slide 39
                                                                                                            • Slide 40
                                                                                                            • Slide 41
                                                                                                            • Slide 42
                                                                                                            • Slide 43
                                                                                                            • Slide 44
                                                                                                            • Slide 45
                                                                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                                                                            • Slide 47
                                                                                                            • Slide 48
                                                                                                            • Slide 49
                                                                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                                                                            • Slide 51
                                                                                                            • Slide 52
                                                                                                            • Slide 53
                                                                                                            • Slide 54
                                                                                                            • Slide 55
                                                                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                            • Slide 57
                                                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                                                            • Slide 66
                                                                                                            • Slide 67
                                                                                                            • Slide 68
                                                                                                            • Slide 69
                                                                                                            • Slide 70
                                                                                                            • Slide 71
                                                                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                            • Slide 74
                                                                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                            • Slide 78
                                                                                                            • Slide 79
                                                                                                            • Slide 80
                                                                                                            • Slide 81
                                                                                                            • Slide 82
                                                                                                            • Slide 83
                                                                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                            • Slide 86
                                                                                                            • Slide 87
                                                                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                            • Slide 89
                                                                                                            • Slide 90
                                                                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                            • Slide 93
                                                                                                            • Slide 94
                                                                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                            • Slide 97
                                                                                                            • Slide 98
                                                                                                            • Slide 99
                                                                                                            • Slide 100
                                                                                                            • Slide 101
                                                                                                            • Slide 102
                                                                                                            • Slide 103
                                                                                                            • Slide 104
                                                                                                            • Slide 105
                                                                                                            • Slide 106
                                                                                                            • Slide 107
                                                                                                            • Slide 108
                                                                                                            • Slide 109
                                                                                                            • Slide 110
                                                                                                            • Slide 111

                                                                                                              2 beams simultaneously rotating in a ring (CW CCW)

                                                                                                              Approved BNL-ProposalGoal for protons

                                                                                                              Technological challenges

                                                                                                              Carry out proof of principle experiments (demonstrators) at COSY

                                                                                                              bull Spin coherence time (1000 s)bull Beam positioning (10 nm)bull Continuous polarimetry (lt 1ppm)bull E - field gradients (~ 17MVm at 2 cm)

                                                                                                              Circumference~ 200 m

                                                                                                              Frank Rathmann 7819th International Spin Physics Symposium

                                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                              Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                              Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                              ParticleAtom

                                                                                                              Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                              Future Goal

                                                                                                              dn equivalent

                                                                                                              Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                              199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                              129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                              Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                              Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                              Spin Precession

                                                                                                              In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                              )()(dt

                                                                                                              dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                              S

                                                                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                                                                              Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                              dt

                                                                                                              dBEd

                                                                                                              S

                                                                                                              Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                              Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                              Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                              NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                              A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                              ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                              Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                              particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                              proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                              deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                              0G

                                                                                                              Edt

                                                                                                              s

                                                                                                              d

                                                                                                              d

                                                                                                              One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                              Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                              COn

                                                                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                              After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                              Polarization not affected

                                                                                                              Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                              COn

                                                                                                              COn

                                                                                                              At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                              Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                              In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                              Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                              Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                              Simple model

                                                                                                              5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                              referenceoscillation

                                                                                                              decoherencetime

                                                                                                              oscillationcapture

                                                                                                              RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                              RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                              Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                              stored d

                                                                                                              RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                              polarization

                                                                                                              Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                              1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                              bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                              growsPP

                                                                                                              dropsP

                                                                                                              zx

                                                                                                              y

                                                                                                              22

                                                                                                              Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                              Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                              First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                              dt

                                                                                                              dBEd

                                                                                                              S

                                                                                                              ( rest frame)

                                                                                                              Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                              bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                              EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                              International srEDM Network

                                                                                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                              DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                              Study Group

                                                                                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                              Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                              History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                              Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                              Momentum vector

                                                                                                              Lower energy particle

                                                                                                              hellipjust right

                                                                                                              Higher energy particle

                                                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                              gG

                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                                              m

                                                                                                              eG

                                                                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                                              G

                                                                                                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                                              m

                                                                                                              eG

                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                              edmG

                                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                                              B

                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                              E

                                                                                                              S

                                                                                                              cdedm

                                                                                                              Systematic Effects

                                                                                                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                              EVsys

                                                                                                              R

                                                                                                              V

                                                                                                              E

                                                                                                              E

                                                                                                              d

                                                                                                              GR

                                                                                                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                              Radial precession

                                                                                                              Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                              EDM Projects

                                                                                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                              spin as a function of time

                                                                                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                              EDM at COSY

                                                                                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                              Juumllich

                                                                                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                                              22zx PPP

                                                                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                              17

                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                              18

                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                              19

                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                              t t=Lv

                                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                              for one year measurement

                                                                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                              3

                                                                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                              • Layout
                                                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                              • Slide 7
                                                                                                              • Slide 8
                                                                                                              • Slide 9
                                                                                                              • Slide 10
                                                                                                              • Slide 11
                                                                                                              • Slide 12
                                                                                                              • Slide 13
                                                                                                              • Slide 14
                                                                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                              • Slide 17
                                                                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                              • Slide 19
                                                                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                                                                              • Slide 21
                                                                                                              • Slide 22
                                                                                                              • Slide 23
                                                                                                              • Slide 24
                                                                                                              • Slide 25
                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                              • Slide 28
                                                                                                              • Slide 29
                                                                                                              • Summary 2
                                                                                                              • Slide 31
                                                                                                              • Slide 32
                                                                                                              • Slide 33
                                                                                                              • Slide 34
                                                                                                              • Slide 35
                                                                                                              • Slide 36
                                                                                                              • Slide 37
                                                                                                              • Slide 38
                                                                                                              • Slide 39
                                                                                                              • Slide 40
                                                                                                              • Slide 41
                                                                                                              • Slide 42
                                                                                                              • Slide 43
                                                                                                              • Slide 44
                                                                                                              • Slide 45
                                                                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                                                                              • Slide 47
                                                                                                              • Slide 48
                                                                                                              • Slide 49
                                                                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                                                                              • Slide 51
                                                                                                              • Slide 52
                                                                                                              • Slide 53
                                                                                                              • Slide 54
                                                                                                              • Slide 55
                                                                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                              • Slide 57
                                                                                                              • Slide 58
                                                                                                              • Slide 59
                                                                                                              • Slide 60
                                                                                                              • Slide 61
                                                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                                                              • Slide 66
                                                                                                              • Slide 67
                                                                                                              • Slide 68
                                                                                                              • Slide 69
                                                                                                              • Slide 70
                                                                                                              • Slide 71
                                                                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                              • Slide 74
                                                                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                              • Slide 78
                                                                                                              • Slide 79
                                                                                                              • Slide 80
                                                                                                              • Slide 81
                                                                                                              • Slide 82
                                                                                                              • Slide 83
                                                                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                              • Slide 86
                                                                                                              • Slide 87
                                                                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                              • Slide 89
                                                                                                              • Slide 90
                                                                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                              • Slide 93
                                                                                                              • Slide 94
                                                                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                              • Slide 97
                                                                                                              • Slide 98
                                                                                                              • Slide 99
                                                                                                              • Slide 100
                                                                                                              • Slide 101
                                                                                                              • Slide 102
                                                                                                              • Slide 103
                                                                                                              • Slide 104
                                                                                                              • Slide 105
                                                                                                              • Slide 106
                                                                                                              • Slide 107
                                                                                                              • Slide 108
                                                                                                              • Slide 109
                                                                                                              • Slide 110
                                                                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now (in ecm)

                                                                                                                Huge efforts underway to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                Limits for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                ParticleAtom

                                                                                                                Current EDM Limit

                                                                                                                Future Goal

                                                                                                                dn equivalent

                                                                                                                Neutron 3 10-26 10-28 10-28

                                                                                                                199Hg 31 10-29 10-29 10-26

                                                                                                                129Xe 6 10-27 10-30 ndash 10-33 10-26 ndash 10-29

                                                                                                                Proton 79 10-25 10-29 10-29

                                                                                                                Deuteron 10-29 3 10-29 ndash 5 10-33

                                                                                                                Spin Precession

                                                                                                                In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                                )()(dt

                                                                                                                dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                                S

                                                                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                                dt

                                                                                                                dBEd

                                                                                                                S

                                                                                                                Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                                Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                                Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                                NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                                A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                                ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                                Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                                proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                                deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                                0G

                                                                                                                Edt

                                                                                                                s

                                                                                                                d

                                                                                                                d

                                                                                                                One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                                Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                                After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                                Polarization not affected

                                                                                                                Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                                COn

                                                                                                                At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                                Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                                In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                                Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                                Simple model

                                                                                                                5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                                referenceoscillation

                                                                                                                decoherencetime

                                                                                                                oscillationcapture

                                                                                                                RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                                RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                                Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                                stored d

                                                                                                                RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                                polarization

                                                                                                                Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                                1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                                bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                                growsPP

                                                                                                                dropsP

                                                                                                                zx

                                                                                                                y

                                                                                                                22

                                                                                                                Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                                Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                                First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                                dt

                                                                                                                dBEd

                                                                                                                S

                                                                                                                ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                Study Group

                                                                                                                Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                                                                Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                hellipjust right

                                                                                                                Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                gG

                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                                m

                                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                                G

                                                                                                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                                m

                                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                edmG

                                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                                B

                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                E

                                                                                                                S

                                                                                                                cdedm

                                                                                                                Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                EVsys

                                                                                                                R

                                                                                                                V

                                                                                                                E

                                                                                                                E

                                                                                                                d

                                                                                                                GR

                                                                                                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                Radial precession

                                                                                                                Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                EDM Projects

                                                                                                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                Juumllich

                                                                                                                Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                                22zx PPP

                                                                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                17

                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                18

                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                19

                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                t t=Lv

                                                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                3

                                                                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                • Layout
                                                                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                                                                  Spin Precession

                                                                                                                  In a real neutral particle EDM experiment for non-relativistic particles the spin precession is given by

                                                                                                                  )()(dt

                                                                                                                  dEvBBvEd

                                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                  Spin precession for particles at rest in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                                  dt

                                                                                                                  dBEd

                                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                                  Systematic errorEDM signal

                                                                                                                  Ideal vertical B-Fields and horizontal E-Fields

                                                                                                                  Equation for spin motion of relativistic particles in storage rings much more complicated

                                                                                                                  NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                                  A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                                  ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                                  Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                  particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                                  proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                                  deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                                  0G

                                                                                                                  Edt

                                                                                                                  s

                                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                                  One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                                  Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                                  After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                                  Polarization not affected

                                                                                                                  Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                                  COn

                                                                                                                  At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                                  Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                                  In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                                  Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                                  Simple model

                                                                                                                  5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                                  referenceoscillation

                                                                                                                  decoherencetime

                                                                                                                  oscillationcapture

                                                                                                                  RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                                  RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                                  Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                                  stored d

                                                                                                                  RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                                  polarization

                                                                                                                  Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                                  1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                                  bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                                  growsPP

                                                                                                                  dropsP

                                                                                                                  zx

                                                                                                                  y

                                                                                                                  22

                                                                                                                  Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                                  Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                                  First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                                  dt

                                                                                                                  dBEd

                                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                                  ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                  bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                  EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                  Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                  International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                  srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                  Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                  Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                  Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                  DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                  Study Group

                                                                                                                  Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                  JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                  HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                  A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                  Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                  Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                                                                  Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                  hellipjust right

                                                                                                                  Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                  gG

                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                  edmG

                                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                                  B

                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                                  cdedm

                                                                                                                  Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                  EVsys

                                                                                                                  R

                                                                                                                  V

                                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                                  GR

                                                                                                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                  Radial precession

                                                                                                                  Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                  EDM Projects

                                                                                                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                  spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                  EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                  Juumllich

                                                                                                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                                  22zx PPP

                                                                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                  17

                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                  18

                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                  19

                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                  t t=Lv

                                                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                  for one year measurement

                                                                                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                  3

                                                                                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                  • Layout
                                                                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                                                                  • Slide 111

                                                                                                                    NEW approach EDM search in time development of spin in a storage ring

                                                                                                                    A magic storage ring for protons (electrostatic) deuterons hellip

                                                                                                                    ldquoFreezeldquo horizontal spin precession watchfor development of a vertical component

                                                                                                                    Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                    particle p (GeVc) E (MVm) B (T)

                                                                                                                    proton 0701 16789 0000

                                                                                                                    deuteron 1000 -3983 01603He 1285 17158 -0051

                                                                                                                    0G

                                                                                                                    Edt

                                                                                                                    s

                                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                                    One machine with r ~ 30 m

                                                                                                                    Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                                    After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                                    Polarization not affected

                                                                                                                    Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                                    COn

                                                                                                                    At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                                    Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                                    In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                                    Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                                    Simple model

                                                                                                                    5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                                    referenceoscillation

                                                                                                                    decoherencetime

                                                                                                                    oscillationcapture

                                                                                                                    RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                                    RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                                    Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                                    stored d

                                                                                                                    RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                                    polarization

                                                                                                                    Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                                    1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                                    bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                                    growsPP

                                                                                                                    dropsP

                                                                                                                    zx

                                                                                                                    y

                                                                                                                    22

                                                                                                                    Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                                    Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                                    First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                                    dt

                                                                                                                    dBEd

                                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                                    ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                    bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                    EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                    Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                    International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                    srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                    Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                    Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                    Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                    DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                    Study Group

                                                                                                                    Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                    JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                    HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                    A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                    Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                    Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                    History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                    Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                    bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                    bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                                                                    Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                    hellipjust right

                                                                                                                    Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                    gG

                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                                                    m

                                                                                                                    eG

                                                                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                                                    G

                                                                                                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                                                    m

                                                                                                                    eG

                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                    edmG

                                                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                                                    B

                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                                    cdedm

                                                                                                                    Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                    EVsys

                                                                                                                    R

                                                                                                                    V

                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                                    GR

                                                                                                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                    Radial precession

                                                                                                                    Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                    EDM Projects

                                                                                                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                    spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                    EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                    Juumllich

                                                                                                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                                                    22zx PPP

                                                                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                    17

                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                    18

                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                    19

                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                    t t=Lv

                                                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                    for one year measurement

                                                                                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                    3

                                                                                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                    • Layout
                                                                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                                                                    • Slide 8
                                                                                                                    • Slide 9
                                                                                                                    • Slide 10
                                                                                                                    • Slide 11
                                                                                                                    • Slide 12
                                                                                                                    • Slide 13
                                                                                                                    • Slide 14
                                                                                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                    • Slide 17
                                                                                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                    • Slide 19
                                                                                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                    • Slide 21
                                                                                                                    • Slide 22
                                                                                                                    • Slide 23
                                                                                                                    • Slide 24
                                                                                                                    • Slide 25
                                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                    • Slide 28
                                                                                                                    • Slide 29
                                                                                                                    • Summary 2
                                                                                                                    • Slide 31
                                                                                                                    • Slide 32
                                                                                                                    • Slide 33
                                                                                                                    • Slide 34
                                                                                                                    • Slide 35
                                                                                                                    • Slide 36
                                                                                                                    • Slide 37
                                                                                                                    • Slide 38
                                                                                                                    • Slide 39
                                                                                                                    • Slide 40
                                                                                                                    • Slide 41
                                                                                                                    • Slide 42
                                                                                                                    • Slide 43
                                                                                                                    • Slide 44
                                                                                                                    • Slide 45
                                                                                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                    • Slide 47
                                                                                                                    • Slide 48
                                                                                                                    • Slide 49
                                                                                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                    • Slide 51
                                                                                                                    • Slide 52
                                                                                                                    • Slide 53
                                                                                                                    • Slide 54
                                                                                                                    • Slide 55
                                                                                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                    • Slide 57
                                                                                                                    • Slide 58
                                                                                                                    • Slide 59
                                                                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                                                                    • Slide 66
                                                                                                                    • Slide 67
                                                                                                                    • Slide 68
                                                                                                                    • Slide 69
                                                                                                                    • Slide 70
                                                                                                                    • Slide 71
                                                                                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                    • Slide 74
                                                                                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                    • Slide 78
                                                                                                                    • Slide 79
                                                                                                                    • Slide 80
                                                                                                                    • Slide 81
                                                                                                                    • Slide 82
                                                                                                                    • Slide 83
                                                                                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                    • Slide 86
                                                                                                                    • Slide 87
                                                                                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                    • Slide 89
                                                                                                                    • Slide 90
                                                                                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                    • Slide 93
                                                                                                                    • Slide 94
                                                                                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                    • Slide 97
                                                                                                                    • Slide 98
                                                                                                                    • Slide 99
                                                                                                                    • Slide 100
                                                                                                                    • Slide 101
                                                                                                                    • Slide 102
                                                                                                                    • Slide 103
                                                                                                                    • Slide 104
                                                                                                                    • Slide 105
                                                                                                                    • Slide 106
                                                                                                                    • Slide 107
                                                                                                                    • Slide 108
                                                                                                                    • Slide 109
                                                                                                                    • Slide 110
                                                                                                                    • Slide 111

                                                                                                                      Spin coherenceWe usually donlsquot worry about coherence of spins along the rotation axis

                                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned (coherent)

                                                                                                                      After some time spin vectors get out of phase and fully populate the cone

                                                                                                                      Polarization not affected

                                                                                                                      Situation very different when you deal with S

                                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                                      COn

                                                                                                                      At injection all spin vectors aligned After some time the spin vectors are all out of phase and in the horizontal plane

                                                                                                                      Longitudinal polarization vanishes

                                                                                                                      In an EDM machine with frozen spin observation time is limited

                                                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                                      Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                                      Simple model

                                                                                                                      5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                                      referenceoscillation

                                                                                                                      decoherencetime

                                                                                                                      oscillationcapture

                                                                                                                      RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                                      RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                                      Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                                      stored d

                                                                                                                      RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                                      polarization

                                                                                                                      Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                                      1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                                      bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                                      growsPP

                                                                                                                      dropsP

                                                                                                                      zx

                                                                                                                      y

                                                                                                                      22

                                                                                                                      Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                                      Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                                      First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                                      dt

                                                                                                                      dBEd

                                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                                      ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                      bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                      EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                      Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                      International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                      srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                      Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                      Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                      Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                      DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                      Study Group

                                                                                                                      Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                      JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                      HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                      A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                      Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                      Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                      History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                      Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                      bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                      bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                      Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                      In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                      Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                                                                      Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                      hellipjust right

                                                                                                                      Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                      gG

                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                                                      m

                                                                                                                      eG

                                                                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                                                      G

                                                                                                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                                                      m

                                                                                                                      eG

                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                      edmG

                                                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                                                      B

                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                                      cdedm

                                                                                                                      Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                      EVsys

                                                                                                                      R

                                                                                                                      V

                                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                      d

                                                                                                                      GR

                                                                                                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                      Radial precession

                                                                                                                      Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                      EDM Projects

                                                                                                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                      spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                      EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                      Juumllich

                                                                                                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                                                      22zx PPP

                                                                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                      17

                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                      18

                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                      19

                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                      t t=Lv

                                                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                      for one year measurement

                                                                                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                      3

                                                                                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                      • Layout
                                                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                      • Slide 7
                                                                                                                      • Slide 8
                                                                                                                      • Slide 9
                                                                                                                      • Slide 10
                                                                                                                      • Slide 11
                                                                                                                      • Slide 12
                                                                                                                      • Slide 13
                                                                                                                      • Slide 14
                                                                                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                      • Slide 17
                                                                                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                      • Slide 19
                                                                                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                      • Slide 21
                                                                                                                      • Slide 22
                                                                                                                      • Slide 23
                                                                                                                      • Slide 24
                                                                                                                      • Slide 25
                                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                      • Slide 28
                                                                                                                      • Slide 29
                                                                                                                      • Summary 2
                                                                                                                      • Slide 31
                                                                                                                      • Slide 32
                                                                                                                      • Slide 33
                                                                                                                      • Slide 34
                                                                                                                      • Slide 35
                                                                                                                      • Slide 36
                                                                                                                      • Slide 37
                                                                                                                      • Slide 38
                                                                                                                      • Slide 39
                                                                                                                      • Slide 40
                                                                                                                      • Slide 41
                                                                                                                      • Slide 42
                                                                                                                      • Slide 43
                                                                                                                      • Slide 44
                                                                                                                      • Slide 45
                                                                                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                      • Slide 47
                                                                                                                      • Slide 48
                                                                                                                      • Slide 49
                                                                                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                      • Slide 51
                                                                                                                      • Slide 52
                                                                                                                      • Slide 53
                                                                                                                      • Slide 54
                                                                                                                      • Slide 55
                                                                                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                      • Slide 57
                                                                                                                      • Slide 58
                                                                                                                      • Slide 59
                                                                                                                      • Slide 60
                                                                                                                      • Slide 61
                                                                                                                      • Slide 62
                                                                                                                      • Slide 63
                                                                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                                                                      • Slide 66
                                                                                                                      • Slide 67
                                                                                                                      • Slide 68
                                                                                                                      • Slide 69
                                                                                                                      • Slide 70
                                                                                                                      • Slide 71
                                                                                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                      • Slide 74
                                                                                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                      • Slide 78
                                                                                                                      • Slide 79
                                                                                                                      • Slide 80
                                                                                                                      • Slide 81
                                                                                                                      • Slide 82
                                                                                                                      • Slide 83
                                                                                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                      • Slide 86
                                                                                                                      • Slide 87
                                                                                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                      • Slide 89
                                                                                                                      • Slide 90
                                                                                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                      • Slide 93
                                                                                                                      • Slide 94
                                                                                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                      • Slide 97
                                                                                                                      • Slide 98
                                                                                                                      • Slide 99
                                                                                                                      • Slide 100
                                                                                                                      • Slide 101
                                                                                                                      • Slide 102
                                                                                                                      • Slide 103
                                                                                                                      • Slide 104
                                                                                                                      • Slide 105
                                                                                                                      • Slide 106
                                                                                                                      • Slide 107
                                                                                                                      • Slide 108
                                                                                                                      • Slide 109
                                                                                                                      • Slide 110
                                                                                                                      • Slide 111

                                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Measurements at COSY

                                                                                                                        Spokesperson E Stephenson (IUCF)

                                                                                                                        Simple model

                                                                                                                        5 s 25 s 5 s

                                                                                                                        referenceoscillation

                                                                                                                        decoherencetime

                                                                                                                        oscillationcapture

                                                                                                                        RF Solenoidwater-cooled copper coil in a ferrite boxbull Length 06 mbull Frequency range 04 to 12 MHz bull Integrated field intBrms dl ~ 1 Tmm

                                                                                                                        RF solenoid on off on

                                                                                                                        Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                                        stored d

                                                                                                                        RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                                        polarization

                                                                                                                        Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                                        1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                                        bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                                        growsPP

                                                                                                                        dropsP

                                                                                                                        zx

                                                                                                                        y

                                                                                                                        22

                                                                                                                        Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                                        Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                                        First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                                        dt

                                                                                                                        dBEd

                                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                                        ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                        bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                        EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                        Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                        International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                        srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                        Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                        Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                        Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                        DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                        Study Group

                                                                                                                        Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                        JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                        HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                        A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                        Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                        Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                        History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                        Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                        bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                        bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                        Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                        In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                        Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                        Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                        Momentum vector

                                                                                                                        Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                        hellipjust right

                                                                                                                        Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                        Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                        gG

                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                                                        m

                                                                                                                        eG

                                                                                                                        For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                        relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                                                        G

                                                                                                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                                                        m

                                                                                                                        eG

                                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                        edmG

                                                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                                                        B

                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                                        cdedm

                                                                                                                        Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                        EVsys

                                                                                                                        R

                                                                                                                        V

                                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                                        d

                                                                                                                        GR

                                                                                                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                        Radial precession

                                                                                                                        Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                        EDM Projects

                                                                                                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                        spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                        EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                        Juumllich

                                                                                                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                                                        22zx PPP

                                                                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                        17

                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                        18

                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                        19

                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                        t t=Lv

                                                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                        for one year measurement

                                                                                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                        3

                                                                                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                        • Layout
                                                                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                        • Slide 7
                                                                                                                        • Slide 8
                                                                                                                        • Slide 9
                                                                                                                        • Slide 10
                                                                                                                        • Slide 11
                                                                                                                        • Slide 12
                                                                                                                        • Slide 13
                                                                                                                        • Slide 14
                                                                                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                        • Slide 17
                                                                                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                        • Slide 19
                                                                                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                        • Slide 21
                                                                                                                        • Slide 22
                                                                                                                        • Slide 23
                                                                                                                        • Slide 24
                                                                                                                        • Slide 25
                                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                        • Slide 28
                                                                                                                        • Slide 29
                                                                                                                        • Summary 2
                                                                                                                        • Slide 31
                                                                                                                        • Slide 32
                                                                                                                        • Slide 33
                                                                                                                        • Slide 34
                                                                                                                        • Slide 35
                                                                                                                        • Slide 36
                                                                                                                        • Slide 37
                                                                                                                        • Slide 38
                                                                                                                        • Slide 39
                                                                                                                        • Slide 40
                                                                                                                        • Slide 41
                                                                                                                        • Slide 42
                                                                                                                        • Slide 43
                                                                                                                        • Slide 44
                                                                                                                        • Slide 45
                                                                                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                        • Slide 47
                                                                                                                        • Slide 48
                                                                                                                        • Slide 49
                                                                                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                        • Slide 51
                                                                                                                        • Slide 52
                                                                                                                        • Slide 53
                                                                                                                        • Slide 54
                                                                                                                        • Slide 55
                                                                                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                        • Slide 57
                                                                                                                        • Slide 58
                                                                                                                        • Slide 59
                                                                                                                        • Slide 60
                                                                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                                                                        • Slide 66
                                                                                                                        • Slide 67
                                                                                                                        • Slide 68
                                                                                                                        • Slide 69
                                                                                                                        • Slide 70
                                                                                                                        • Slide 71
                                                                                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                        • Slide 74
                                                                                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                        • Slide 78
                                                                                                                        • Slide 79
                                                                                                                        • Slide 80
                                                                                                                        • Slide 81
                                                                                                                        • Slide 82
                                                                                                                        • Slide 83
                                                                                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                        • Slide 86
                                                                                                                        • Slide 87
                                                                                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                        • Slide 89
                                                                                                                        • Slide 90
                                                                                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                        • Slide 93
                                                                                                                        • Slide 94
                                                                                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                        • Slide 97
                                                                                                                        • Slide 98
                                                                                                                        • Slide 99
                                                                                                                        • Slide 100
                                                                                                                        • Slide 101
                                                                                                                        • Slide 102
                                                                                                                        • Slide 103
                                                                                                                        • Slide 104
                                                                                                                        • Slide 105
                                                                                                                        • Slide 106
                                                                                                                        • Slide 107
                                                                                                                        • Slide 108
                                                                                                                        • Slide 109
                                                                                                                        • Slide 110
                                                                                                                        • Slide 111

                                                                                                                          Polarimeter (dp elastic)

                                                                                                                          stored d

                                                                                                                          RF E(B)-fieldvertical

                                                                                                                          polarization

                                                                                                                          Spin precession governed by Two situations

                                                                                                                          1 B=0 By = ER (= 70 G for ER=30 kVcm) EDM effect2 E=0 ER = - By no EDM effect

                                                                                                                          bull EDM signal is increased during the cyclebull Statistical sensitivity for dd in the 10-23 to 10-24 ecm range possible bull Simulations of spin dynamics including field errors needed (COSY-Infinity)bull Alignment and field quality of RF E(B)-flipper crucial

                                                                                                                          growsPP

                                                                                                                          dropsP

                                                                                                                          zx

                                                                                                                          y

                                                                                                                          22

                                                                                                                          Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields

                                                                                                                          Conclusion from simple model

                                                                                                                          First direct measurement in COSY developed by the Juumllich study group

                                                                                                                          dt

                                                                                                                          dBEd

                                                                                                                          S

                                                                                                                          ( rest frame)

                                                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                          bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                          EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                          Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                          International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                          srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                          Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                          Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                          Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                          DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                          Study Group

                                                                                                                          Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                          JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                          HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                          A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                          Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                          Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                          History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                          Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                          bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                          bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                          Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                          In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                          Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                          Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                          Momentum vector

                                                                                                                          Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                          hellipjust right

                                                                                                                          Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                          Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                                          gG

                                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                                                          m

                                                                                                                          eG

                                                                                                                          For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                          relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                                                          G

                                                                                                                          Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                          For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                          is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                                          EGBG

                                                                                                                          m

                                                                                                                          eG

                                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                                          1

                                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                                          edmG

                                                                                                                          0 EB

                                                                                                                          B

                                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                          S

                                                                                                                          cdedm

                                                                                                                          Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                                          EVsys

                                                                                                                          R

                                                                                                                          V

                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                          d

                                                                                                                          GR

                                                                                                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                          Radial precession

                                                                                                                          Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                          EDM Projects

                                                                                                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                          spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                          EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                          Juumllich

                                                                                                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                                                          22zx PPP

                                                                                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                          17

                                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                          18

                                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                          19

                                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                          t t=Lv

                                                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                          for one year measurement

                                                                                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                          3

                                                                                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                          • Layout
                                                                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                          • Slide 7
                                                                                                                          • Slide 8
                                                                                                                          • Slide 9
                                                                                                                          • Slide 10
                                                                                                                          • Slide 11
                                                                                                                          • Slide 12
                                                                                                                          • Slide 13
                                                                                                                          • Slide 14
                                                                                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                          • Slide 17
                                                                                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                          • Slide 19
                                                                                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                          • Slide 21
                                                                                                                          • Slide 22
                                                                                                                          • Slide 23
                                                                                                                          • Slide 24
                                                                                                                          • Slide 25
                                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                          • Slide 28
                                                                                                                          • Slide 29
                                                                                                                          • Summary 2
                                                                                                                          • Slide 31
                                                                                                                          • Slide 32
                                                                                                                          • Slide 33
                                                                                                                          • Slide 34
                                                                                                                          • Slide 35
                                                                                                                          • Slide 36
                                                                                                                          • Slide 37
                                                                                                                          • Slide 38
                                                                                                                          • Slide 39
                                                                                                                          • Slide 40
                                                                                                                          • Slide 41
                                                                                                                          • Slide 42
                                                                                                                          • Slide 43
                                                                                                                          • Slide 44
                                                                                                                          • Slide 45
                                                                                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                          • Slide 47
                                                                                                                          • Slide 48
                                                                                                                          • Slide 49
                                                                                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                          • Slide 51
                                                                                                                          • Slide 52
                                                                                                                          • Slide 53
                                                                                                                          • Slide 54
                                                                                                                          • Slide 55
                                                                                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                          • Slide 57
                                                                                                                          • Slide 58
                                                                                                                          • Slide 59
                                                                                                                          • Slide 60
                                                                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                                                                          • Slide 66
                                                                                                                          • Slide 67
                                                                                                                          • Slide 68
                                                                                                                          • Slide 69
                                                                                                                          • Slide 70
                                                                                                                          • Slide 71
                                                                                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                          • Slide 74
                                                                                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                          • Slide 78
                                                                                                                          • Slide 79
                                                                                                                          • Slide 80
                                                                                                                          • Slide 81
                                                                                                                          • Slide 82
                                                                                                                          • Slide 83
                                                                                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                          • Slide 86
                                                                                                                          • Slide 87
                                                                                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                          • Slide 89
                                                                                                                          • Slide 90
                                                                                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                          • Slide 93
                                                                                                                          • Slide 94
                                                                                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                          • Slide 97
                                                                                                                          • Slide 98
                                                                                                                          • Slide 99
                                                                                                                          • Slide 100
                                                                                                                          • Slide 101
                                                                                                                          • Slide 102
                                                                                                                          • Slide 103
                                                                                                                          • Slide 104
                                                                                                                          • Slide 105
                                                                                                                          • Slide 106
                                                                                                                          • Slide 107
                                                                                                                          • Slide 108
                                                                                                                          • Slide 109
                                                                                                                          • Slide 110
                                                                                                                          • Slide 111

                                                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time with RF FlipperExciting result of the Juumllich Study Group

                                                                                                                            bull Possibility to increase spin coherence time by 3 to 5 orders of magnitudebull Experiment with polarized COSY beam soon

                                                                                                                            EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                            Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                            International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                            srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                            Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                            Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                            Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                            DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                            Study Group

                                                                                                                            Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                            JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                            HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                            A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                            Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                            Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                            History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                            Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                            bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                            bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                            Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                            In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                            Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                            Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                            Momentum vector

                                                                                                                            Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                            hellipjust right

                                                                                                                            Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                            Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                                            gG

                                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                                                            m

                                                                                                                            eG

                                                                                                                            For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                            relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                                                            G

                                                                                                                            Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                            For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                            is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                                            EGBG

                                                                                                                            m

                                                                                                                            eG

                                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                                            1

                                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                                            edmG

                                                                                                                            0 EB

                                                                                                                            B

                                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                                            E

                                                                                                                            S

                                                                                                                            cdedm

                                                                                                                            Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                            The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                            Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                            2

                                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                                            EVsys

                                                                                                                            R

                                                                                                                            V

                                                                                                                            E

                                                                                                                            E

                                                                                                                            d

                                                                                                                            GR

                                                                                                                            If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                            the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                            ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                            Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                            Radial precession

                                                                                                                            Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                            EDM Projects

                                                                                                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                            spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                            EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                            Juumllich

                                                                                                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                                                            22zx PPP

                                                                                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                            17

                                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                            18

                                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                            19

                                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                            t t=Lv

                                                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                            for one year measurement

                                                                                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                            3

                                                                                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                            • Layout
                                                                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                                                                            • Slide 9
                                                                                                                            • Slide 10
                                                                                                                            • Slide 11
                                                                                                                            • Slide 12
                                                                                                                            • Slide 13
                                                                                                                            • Slide 14
                                                                                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                            • Slide 17
                                                                                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                            • Slide 19
                                                                                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                            • Slide 21
                                                                                                                            • Slide 22
                                                                                                                            • Slide 23
                                                                                                                            • Slide 24
                                                                                                                            • Slide 25
                                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                            • Slide 28
                                                                                                                            • Slide 29
                                                                                                                            • Summary 2
                                                                                                                            • Slide 31
                                                                                                                            • Slide 32
                                                                                                                            • Slide 33
                                                                                                                            • Slide 34
                                                                                                                            • Slide 35
                                                                                                                            • Slide 36
                                                                                                                            • Slide 37
                                                                                                                            • Slide 38
                                                                                                                            • Slide 39
                                                                                                                            • Slide 40
                                                                                                                            • Slide 41
                                                                                                                            • Slide 42
                                                                                                                            • Slide 43
                                                                                                                            • Slide 44
                                                                                                                            • Slide 45
                                                                                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                            • Slide 47
                                                                                                                            • Slide 48
                                                                                                                            • Slide 49
                                                                                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                            • Slide 51
                                                                                                                            • Slide 52
                                                                                                                            • Slide 53
                                                                                                                            • Slide 54
                                                                                                                            • Slide 55
                                                                                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                            • Slide 57
                                                                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                                                                            • Slide 66
                                                                                                                            • Slide 67
                                                                                                                            • Slide 68
                                                                                                                            • Slide 69
                                                                                                                            • Slide 70
                                                                                                                            • Slide 71
                                                                                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                            • Slide 74
                                                                                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                            • Slide 78
                                                                                                                            • Slide 79
                                                                                                                            • Slide 80
                                                                                                                            • Slide 81
                                                                                                                            • Slide 82
                                                                                                                            • Slide 83
                                                                                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                            • Slide 86
                                                                                                                            • Slide 87
                                                                                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                            • Slide 89
                                                                                                                            • Slide 90
                                                                                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                            • Slide 93
                                                                                                                            • Slide 94
                                                                                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                            • Slide 97
                                                                                                                            • Slide 98
                                                                                                                            • Slide 99
                                                                                                                            • Slide 100
                                                                                                                            • Slide 101
                                                                                                                            • Slide 102
                                                                                                                            • Slide 103
                                                                                                                            • Slide 104
                                                                                                                            • Slide 105
                                                                                                                            • Slide 106
                                                                                                                            • Slide 107
                                                                                                                            • Slide 108
                                                                                                                            • Slide 109
                                                                                                                            • Slide 110
                                                                                                                            • Slide 111

                                                                                                                              EDM Cooperation

                                                                                                                              Institutional (MoU) and Personal (Spokespersons hellip) Cooperation Coordination

                                                                                                                              International srEDM Network

                                                                                                                              srEDM Collaboration (BNL) srEDM Collaboration (FZJ)

                                                                                                                              Common R amp DRHIC EDM-at-COSY

                                                                                                                              Beam Position Monitors Polarimetry (hellip) Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                              Beam Cooling Spin Tracking (hellip)

                                                                                                                              DOE-Proposal

                                                                                                                              Study Group

                                                                                                                              Precursor Ring Design

                                                                                                                              JEDI pEDM Ring at BNL

                                                                                                                              HGF Application(s) CD0 1 hellip

                                                                                                                              A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                              Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                              Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                              History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                              Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                              bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                              bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                              Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                              In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                              Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                              Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                              Momentum vector

                                                                                                                              Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                              hellipjust right

                                                                                                                              Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                              Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                                              gG

                                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                                                              m

                                                                                                                              eG

                                                                                                                              For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                              relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                                                              G

                                                                                                                              Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                              For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                              is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                                              EGBG

                                                                                                                              m

                                                                                                                              eG

                                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                                              1

                                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                                              edmG

                                                                                                                              0 EB

                                                                                                                              B

                                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                                              E

                                                                                                                              S

                                                                                                                              cdedm

                                                                                                                              Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                              The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                              Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                              2

                                                                                                                              c

                                                                                                                              EVsys

                                                                                                                              R

                                                                                                                              V

                                                                                                                              E

                                                                                                                              E

                                                                                                                              d

                                                                                                                              GR

                                                                                                                              If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                              the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                              ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                              Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                              Radial precession

                                                                                                                              Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                              Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                              Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                              EDM Projects

                                                                                                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                              spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                              EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                              Juumllich

                                                                                                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                                                              22zx PPP

                                                                                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                              17

                                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                              18

                                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                              19

                                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                              t t=Lv

                                                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                              for one year measurement

                                                                                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                              3

                                                                                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                              • Layout
                                                                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                              • Slide 7
                                                                                                                              • Slide 8
                                                                                                                              • Slide 9
                                                                                                                              • Slide 10
                                                                                                                              • Slide 11
                                                                                                                              • Slide 12
                                                                                                                              • Slide 13
                                                                                                                              • Slide 14
                                                                                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                              • Slide 17
                                                                                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                              • Slide 19
                                                                                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                              • Slide 21
                                                                                                                              • Slide 22
                                                                                                                              • Slide 23
                                                                                                                              • Slide 24
                                                                                                                              • Slide 25
                                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                              • Slide 28
                                                                                                                              • Slide 29
                                                                                                                              • Summary 2
                                                                                                                              • Slide 31
                                                                                                                              • Slide 32
                                                                                                                              • Slide 33
                                                                                                                              • Slide 34
                                                                                                                              • Slide 35
                                                                                                                              • Slide 36
                                                                                                                              • Slide 37
                                                                                                                              • Slide 38
                                                                                                                              • Slide 39
                                                                                                                              • Slide 40
                                                                                                                              • Slide 41
                                                                                                                              • Slide 42
                                                                                                                              • Slide 43
                                                                                                                              • Slide 44
                                                                                                                              • Slide 45
                                                                                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                              • Slide 47
                                                                                                                              • Slide 48
                                                                                                                              • Slide 49
                                                                                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                              • Slide 51
                                                                                                                              • Slide 52
                                                                                                                              • Slide 53
                                                                                                                              • Slide 54
                                                                                                                              • Slide 55
                                                                                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                              • Slide 57
                                                                                                                              • Slide 58
                                                                                                                              • Slide 59
                                                                                                                              • Slide 60
                                                                                                                              • Slide 61
                                                                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                                                                              • Slide 66
                                                                                                                              • Slide 67
                                                                                                                              • Slide 68
                                                                                                                              • Slide 69
                                                                                                                              • Slide 70
                                                                                                                              • Slide 71
                                                                                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                              • Slide 74
                                                                                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                              • Slide 78
                                                                                                                              • Slide 79
                                                                                                                              • Slide 80
                                                                                                                              • Slide 81
                                                                                                                              • Slide 82
                                                                                                                              • Slide 83
                                                                                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                              • Slide 86
                                                                                                                              • Slide 87
                                                                                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                              • Slide 89
                                                                                                                              • Slide 90
                                                                                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                              • Slide 93
                                                                                                                              • Slide 94
                                                                                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                              • Slide 97
                                                                                                                              • Slide 98
                                                                                                                              • Slide 99
                                                                                                                              • Slide 100
                                                                                                                              • Slide 101
                                                                                                                              • Slide 102
                                                                                                                              • Slide 103
                                                                                                                              • Slide 104
                                                                                                                              • Slide 105
                                                                                                                              • Slide 106
                                                                                                                              • Slide 107
                                                                                                                              • Slide 108
                                                                                                                              • Slide 109
                                                                                                                              • Slide 110
                                                                                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                A measurement of n p d 3He EDMs is necessary to understand the underlying physics (ChH)

                                                                                                                                Storage ring experiments offer to measure unscreened EDMs

                                                                                                                                Copied from K Jungmann

                                                                                                                                History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                                Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                                bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                                bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                                Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                                In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                                Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                                Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                                Momentum vector

                                                                                                                                Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                                hellipjust right

                                                                                                                                Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                                Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                                gG

                                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                                                m

                                                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                                                For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                                relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                                                G

                                                                                                                                Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                                is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                                EGBG

                                                                                                                                m

                                                                                                                                eG

                                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                                1

                                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                                edmG

                                                                                                                                0 EB

                                                                                                                                B

                                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                                E

                                                                                                                                S

                                                                                                                                cdedm

                                                                                                                                Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                                The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                                Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                                2

                                                                                                                                c

                                                                                                                                EVsys

                                                                                                                                R

                                                                                                                                V

                                                                                                                                E

                                                                                                                                E

                                                                                                                                d

                                                                                                                                GR

                                                                                                                                If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                                the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                                ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                                Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                                Radial precession

                                                                                                                                Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                                Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                Juumllich

                                                                                                                                Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                                                22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                17

                                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                18

                                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                19

                                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                3

                                                                                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                • Layout
                                                                                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                  History of neutron EDM limits

                                                                                                                                  Adopted from K Kirch

                                                                                                                                  bull Smith Purcell Ramsey PR 108 120 (1957)

                                                                                                                                  bull RAL-Sussex-ILL(dn 29 10-26 ecm) PRL 97131801 (2006)

                                                                                                                                  Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                                  In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                                  Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                                  Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                                  Momentum vector

                                                                                                                                  Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                                  hellipjust right

                                                                                                                                  Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                                  Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                                  gG

                                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                                                  For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                                  relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                                                  Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                  For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                                  is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                                  EGBG

                                                                                                                                  m

                                                                                                                                  eG

                                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                                  edmG

                                                                                                                                  0 EB

                                                                                                                                  B

                                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                                                  S

                                                                                                                                  cdedm

                                                                                                                                  Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                                  The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                                  Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                                  c

                                                                                                                                  EVsys

                                                                                                                                  R

                                                                                                                                  V

                                                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                                                  d

                                                                                                                                  GR

                                                                                                                                  If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                                  the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                                  ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                                  Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                                  Radial precession

                                                                                                                                  Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                                  Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                  Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                  EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                  RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                  Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                  spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                  Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                  EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                  Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                  Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                  gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                  Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                  resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                  BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                  EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                  Juumllich

                                                                                                                                  Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                  Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                  List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                  ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                  Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                  Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                  Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                  COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                                                  22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                  17

                                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                  18

                                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                  19

                                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                  t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                  for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                  3

                                                                                                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                  • Layout
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                  • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                    Why also EDMs of protons and deuteronsProton and deuteron EDM experiments may provide one order higher sensitivity

                                                                                                                                    In particular the deuteron may provide a much higher sensitivity than protons

                                                                                                                                    Consensus in the theoretical communityEssential to perform EDM measurements on different targets (p d 3He) with similar sensitivity to unfold the underlying physics and to explain the baryogenesis

                                                                                                                                    Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                                    Momentum vector

                                                                                                                                    Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                                    hellipjust right

                                                                                                                                    Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                                    Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                                    gG

                                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                                                                    m

                                                                                                                                    eG

                                                                                                                                    For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                                    relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                                                                    G

                                                                                                                                    Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                    For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                                    is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                                    EGBG

                                                                                                                                    m

                                                                                                                                    eG

                                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                                    1

                                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                                    edmG

                                                                                                                                    0 EB

                                                                                                                                    B

                                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                                    S

                                                                                                                                    cdedm

                                                                                                                                    Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                                    The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                                    Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                                    2

                                                                                                                                    c

                                                                                                                                    EVsys

                                                                                                                                    R

                                                                                                                                    V

                                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                                    d

                                                                                                                                    GR

                                                                                                                                    If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                                    the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                                    ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                                    Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                                    Radial precession

                                                                                                                                    Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                                    Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                    Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                    EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                    RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                    Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                    spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                    Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                    EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                    Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                    Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                    gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                    Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                    resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                    BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                    EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                    Juumllich

                                                                                                                                    Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                    Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                    List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                    ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                    Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                    Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                    Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                    COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                    Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                    E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                                                                    Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                    Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                    Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                    Number of turns

                                                                                                                                    22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                    EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                    Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                    17

                                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                    18

                                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                    19

                                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                    t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                    for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                    3

                                                                                                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                    • Layout
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                    • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                    • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                      Frozen Spin Method (FSM)Spin vector

                                                                                                                                      Momentum vector

                                                                                                                                      Lower energy particle

                                                                                                                                      hellipjust right

                                                                                                                                      Higher energy particle

                                                                                                                                      Spin coherence time 103 s for measurement on 10-29 emiddotcm level

                                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                                      gG

                                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                                                                      m

                                                                                                                                      eG

                                                                                                                                      For the spin precession (magnetic moment)

                                                                                                                                      relative to the momentum direction is given by

                                                                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                                                                      G

                                                                                                                                      Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                      For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                                      is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                                      EGBG

                                                                                                                                      m

                                                                                                                                      eG

                                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                                      1

                                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                                      edmG

                                                                                                                                      0 EB

                                                                                                                                      B

                                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                                      S

                                                                                                                                      cdedm

                                                                                                                                      Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                                      The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                                      Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                                      2

                                                                                                                                      c

                                                                                                                                      EVsys

                                                                                                                                      R

                                                                                                                                      V

                                                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                                                      d

                                                                                                                                      GR

                                                                                                                                      If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                                      the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                                      ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                                      Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                                      Radial precession

                                                                                                                                      Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                                      Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                      Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                      EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                      RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                      Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                      spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                      Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                      EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                      Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                      Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                      gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                      Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                      resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                      BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                      EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                      Juumllich

                                                                                                                                      Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                      Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                      List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                      ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                      Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                      Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                      Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                      COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                      Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                      E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                                                                      Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                      Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                      Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                      Number of turns

                                                                                                                                      22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                      EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                      Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                      17

                                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                      Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                      We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                      Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                      18

                                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                      19

                                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                      t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                      for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                      3

                                                                                                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                      • Layout
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                      • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                      • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                        Spin Motion in Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                        For the case of the spin precession relative to The momentum direction is given by where

                                                                                                                                        is the rotation about the vertical B-field direction that arises because there is an anomalous part to the magnetic moment The frequency about the radial direction (for Spin-1 particles S=1) is

                                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                                        EGBG

                                                                                                                                        m

                                                                                                                                        eG

                                                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                                                        1

                                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                                        edmG

                                                                                                                                        0 EB

                                                                                                                                        B

                                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                                                        S

                                                                                                                                        cdedm

                                                                                                                                        Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                                        The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                                        Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                                        2

                                                                                                                                        c

                                                                                                                                        EVsys

                                                                                                                                        R

                                                                                                                                        V

                                                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                                                        E

                                                                                                                                        d

                                                                                                                                        GR

                                                                                                                                        If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                                        the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                                        ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                                        Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                                        Radial precession

                                                                                                                                        Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                                        Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                        Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                        EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                        RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                        Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                        spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                        Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                        EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                        Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                        Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                        gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                        Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                        resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                        BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                        EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                        Juumllich

                                                                                                                                        Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                        Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                        List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                        ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                        Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                        Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                        Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                        COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                        Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                        E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                                                                        Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                        Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                        Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                        Number of turns

                                                                                                                                        22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                        EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                        Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                        17

                                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                        Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                        We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                        Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                        18

                                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                        19

                                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                        t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                        for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                        3

                                                                                                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                        • Layout
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                        • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                        • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                          Systematic Effects

                                                                                                                                          The ratio of the spin precession (due to the vertical electric field) to the EDM spin precession

                                                                                                                                          Most serious systematic effect non-zero average value for the vertical component of the electric field 0 BBEEV

                                                                                                                                          2

                                                                                                                                          c

                                                                                                                                          EVsys

                                                                                                                                          R

                                                                                                                                          V

                                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                                          d

                                                                                                                                          GR

                                                                                                                                          If for example we already know that the dEDM lt 3 middot 10minus25 e middot cm

                                                                                                                                          the vertical electric field needs to cancel up to the level

                                                                                                                                          ltEvgt ER le 10minus10 in every fill

                                                                                                                                          Field stability ground motion temperature stability

                                                                                                                                          Radial precession

                                                                                                                                          Needs to be minimized

                                                                                                                                          Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                          Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                          EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                          RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                          Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                          spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                          Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                          EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                          Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                          Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                          gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                          Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                          resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                          BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                          EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                          Juumllich

                                                                                                                                          Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                          Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                          List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                          ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                          Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                          Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                          Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                          COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                          Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                          E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                                                                          Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                          Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                          Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                          Number of turns

                                                                                                                                          22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                          EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                          Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                          17

                                                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                          Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                          We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                          Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                          18

                                                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                                                                          WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                          19

                                                                                                                                          3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                          Cooled

                                                                                                                                          Uncooled

                                                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                          t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                          for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                          3

                                                                                                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                          • Layout
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                          • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                          • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                            Two EDM Storage Ring Projects

                                                                                                                                            Copied from R Talman Copied from A Lehrach

                                                                                                                                            EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                            RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                            Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                            spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                            Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                            EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                            Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                            Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                            gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                            Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                            resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                            BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                            EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                            Juumllich

                                                                                                                                            Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                            Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                            List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                            ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                            Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                            Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                            Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                            COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                            Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                            E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                                                                            Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                            Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                            Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                            Number of turns

                                                                                                                                            22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                            EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                            Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                            17

                                                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                            Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                            We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                            Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                            18

                                                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                                                                            WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                            19

                                                                                                                                            3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                            Cooled

                                                                                                                                            Uncooled

                                                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                            t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                            for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                            3

                                                                                                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                            • Layout
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                            • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                            • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                              EDM Projects

                                                                                                                                              RampD Activity Goal Test

                                                                                                                                              Internal Polarimeter

                                                                                                                                              spin as a function of time

                                                                                                                                              Systematic errors lt 1 ppm

                                                                                                                                              EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                              Full-scale polarimeter EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                              Spin Coherence Time

                                                                                                                                              gt103 s EDM at COSY

                                                                                                                                              Beam Position Monitor

                                                                                                                                              resolution 10 nm1 Hz BW64 BPMs 107 s measurement time 1 pm (stat) relative position (CW-CCW)

                                                                                                                                              BNLRHIC IP

                                                                                                                                              EB-field Deflector 17 MVm 2 cm plate separation 015-05T

                                                                                                                                              Juumllich

                                                                                                                                              Proton EDMBNL

                                                                                                                                              Light-Ion EDMJuumllich

                                                                                                                                              List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                              ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                              Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                              Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                              Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                              COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                              Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                              E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                                                                              Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                              Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                              Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                              Number of turns

                                                                                                                                              22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                              EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                              Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                              17

                                                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                              Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                              We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                              Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                              18

                                                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                                                                              WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                              19

                                                                                                                                              3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                              Cooled

                                                                                                                                              Uncooled

                                                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                              t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                              for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                              3

                                                                                                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                              • Layout
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                              • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                List of Activities (Accelerator)Prototype E-B Deflectors

                                                                                                                                                ARD (Accelerator Research and Development) proposal to the HGF

                                                                                                                                                Layout Field calculations to optimize the coil and conductor plateDesign Mechanical design of the deflectorPrototype Development of a deflector prototypeTest bench Study field quality and stability

                                                                                                                                                Prototype BPM (BNL for CW-CCW beams)

                                                                                                                                                Beam and Spin Simulations

                                                                                                                                                COSY Infinity Code Beam simulation for COSY ring started

                                                                                                                                                Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                                E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                                                                Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                                Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                                Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                                Number of turns

                                                                                                                                                22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                                EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                                Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                17

                                                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                                Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                                We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                                Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                18

                                                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                19

                                                                                                                                                3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                Cooled

                                                                                                                                                Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                3

                                                                                                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                • Layout
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                  Parameters beam energy Td=50 MeVassumed EDM dd=10-20 ecmE-field 10 kVcm

                                                                                                                                                  E-field reversed every -(G) 21 turns

                                                                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                                                                  Simulation of Spin Rotations

                                                                                                                                                  Courtesy F Rathmann

                                                                                                                                                  Linear extrapolation of for a time period of sc=1000 s (=37108 turns)

                                                                                                                                                  Number of turns

                                                                                                                                                  22zx PPP

                                                                                                                                                  EDM effect accumulates

                                                                                                                                                  Polarimeter determines Px Py and Pz

                                                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                  17

                                                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                                  Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                                  We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                                  Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                  18

                                                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                  WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                  19

                                                                                                                                                  3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                  Cooled

                                                                                                                                                  Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                  t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                  Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                  EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                  Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                  frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                  Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                  Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                  485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                  httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                  P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                  Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                  for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                  SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                  3

                                                                                                                                                  Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                  cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                  • Layout
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                    17

                                                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data ldquoNo latticerdquo model in which betatronoscillation effects included by apath lengthening mechanism scaledto match the measured emittanceBand represents Monte Carlo errorsfor 1000 particles in model

                                                                                                                                                    Using a Gaussian shape ldquohalf liferdquorepresented by this point is 75 s

                                                                                                                                                    We could not have seen this effectfor uncooled beam as synchrotronoscillations inside beam bunchdamped reference oscillation patternCurve is ldquono latticerdquo model

                                                                                                                                                    Expected half life 5-10 s

                                                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                    18

                                                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                    WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                    19

                                                                                                                                                    3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                    Cooled

                                                                                                                                                    Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                    t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                    Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                    EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                    Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                    frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                    Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                    Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                    485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                    httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                    P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                    Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                    for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                    SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                    3

                                                                                                                                                    Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                    cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                    Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                    ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                    NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                    PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                    • Layout
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                    • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                    • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                    • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                    • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                    • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                    • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                    • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                    • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                    • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                    • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                    • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                    • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                    • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                    • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                    • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                    • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                    • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                    • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                    • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                    • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                    • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                    • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                    • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                    • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                      18

                                                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                      WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                      19

                                                                                                                                                      3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                      Cooled

                                                                                                                                                      Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                      t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                      Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                      EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                      Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                      frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                      Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                      Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                      485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                      httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                      P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                      Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                      for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                      SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                      3

                                                                                                                                                      Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                      cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                      Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                      ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                      NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                      PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                      • Layout
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                      • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                      • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                      • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                      • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                      • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                      • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                      • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                      • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                      • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                      • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                      • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                      • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                      • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                      • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                      • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                      • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                      • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                      • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                      • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                      • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                      • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                      • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                      • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                      • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                        WE-Heraeus Seminar Search for EDMs at Storage RingsPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef July 4-6 2011

                                                                                                                                                        19

                                                                                                                                                        3 ON-OFF-ON runs had usable data Distribution of synchrotron amplitudes

                                                                                                                                                        Cooled

                                                                                                                                                        Uncooled

                                                                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                        t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                        Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                        EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                        Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                        frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                        Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                        Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                        485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                        httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                        P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                        Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                        for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                        SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                        3

                                                                                                                                                        Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                        cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                        Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                        ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                        NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                        PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                        • Layout
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                        • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                        • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                        • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                        • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                        • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                        • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                        • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                        • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                        • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                        • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                        • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                        • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                        • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                        • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                        • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                        • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                        • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                        • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                        • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                        • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                        • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                        • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                        • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                        • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                          t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                          Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                          EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                          Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                          frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                          Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                          Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                          485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                          httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                          P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                          Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                          for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                          SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                          3

                                                                                                                                                          Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                          cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                          Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                          ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                          NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                          PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                          • Layout
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                          • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                          • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                          • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                          • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                          • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                          • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                          • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                          • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                          • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                          • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                          • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                          • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                          • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                          • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                          • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                          • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                          • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                          • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                          • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                          • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                          • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                          • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                          • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                          • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                            t t=Lv

                                                                                                                                                            Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                            EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                            Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                            frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                            Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                            Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                            485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                            httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                            P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                            Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                            for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                            SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                            3

                                                                                                                                                            Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                            cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                            Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                            ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                            NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                            PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                            • Layout
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                            • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                            • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                            • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                            • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                            • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                            • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                            • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                            • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 38
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                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                            • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                            • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                            • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                            • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                            • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                            • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                            • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                            • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                            • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                            • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                            • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                            • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                            • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                            • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                            • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                            • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                              Sensitivity to NEW PHYSICS beyond the Standard Model

                                                                                                                                                              EDM searches - only upper limits up to now

                                                                                                                                                              Huge efforts under way to improve limits find EDMs

                                                                                                                                                              frathmannfz-juelichde 109Precursor experiments to search for EDMs at COSY

                                                                                                                                                              Mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry

                                                                                                                                                              Future Search for Electric Dipole Moments

                                                                                                                                                              485 WE-Heraeus-Seminar (July 0406 2011) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) at Storage Rings

                                                                                                                                                              httpwww2fz-juelichdeikpedmen

                                                                                                                                                              P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                              Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                              for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                              SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                              3

                                                                                                                                                              Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                              cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                              Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                              ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                              NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                              PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                              • Layout
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                              • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                              • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                              • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                              • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                              • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                              • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                              • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                              • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                              • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                              • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                              • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                              • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                              • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                              • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                              • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                              • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                              • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                              • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                              • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                              • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                              • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                              • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                              • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                              • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                                P = 08 Beam polarizationA = 06 Analyzing power of polarimeterER = 17 MVm Radial electric field strengthNBeam = 2middot1010 pfill Total number of stored particles per fillf = 055 Useful event rate fraction (polarimeter efficiency)TTot = 107 s Total running time per yearSpin = 103 s Polarization lifetime (Spin Coherence Time)

                                                                                                                                                                Sensitivity of an EDM Experiment

                                                                                                                                                                for one year measurement

                                                                                                                                                                SpinTotBeamRpd fTNPAE

                                                                                                                                                                3

                                                                                                                                                                Systematic error due to vertical electric fields and horizontal magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                                cme1052 29 pd

                                                                                                                                                                Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                                ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                                NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                                PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                                • Layout
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                                • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                                • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                                • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                                • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                                • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                                • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                                • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                                • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                                • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                                • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                                • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                                • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                                • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                                • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                                • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                                • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                                • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                                • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                                • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                                • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                                • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                                • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                                • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                                • Slide 111

                                                                                                                                                                  Spin Dynamics for EDMat COSY

                                                                                                                                                                  ALehrach (FZJ) B Lorentz (FZJBWMorse (BNL)

                                                                                                                                                                  NNikolaev (FZJ amp Landau Inst) FRathmann (FZJ)

                                                                                                                                                                  PNPI Winter School Rajvola 0102 2012

                                                                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY (JEDI) Selected Issues in Spin Coherence Time
                                                                                                                                                                  • Layout
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                                                                                                                  • EDM at COSY ndash COoler SYnchrotron
                                                                                                                                                                  • Importance of Spin Coherence Time for EDM Searches
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 7
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 8
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 9
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 10
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 11
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 12
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 13
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 14
                                                                                                                                                                  • Crucial idea from FRathmann swap the role of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and the constant E-field for RFE-field EDM flipper
                                                                                                                                                                  • polarized beam in ring
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 17
                                                                                                                                                                  • Horizonal spin after flipper
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 19
                                                                                                                                                                  • Spin coherence
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 21
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 22
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 23
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 24
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 25
                                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RFE Flipper
                                                                                                                                                                  • In situ access to systematics
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 28
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 29
                                                                                                                                                                  • Summary 2
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 31
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 32
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 33
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 34
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 35
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 36
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 37
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 38
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 39
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 40
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 41
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 42
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 43
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 44
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 45
                                                                                                                                                                  • spin manipulation
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 47
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 48
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 49
                                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Precession
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 51
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 52
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 53
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 54
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 55
                                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Dynamics for EDM at COSY
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 57
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 58
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 59
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 60
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 66
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 67
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 68
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 69
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 70
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 71
                                                                                                                                                                  • Frozen Spin Method (FSM)
                                                                                                                                                                  • Freezing Spin Precession with E-Fields
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 74
                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine acceptance
                                                                                                                                                                  • Future Time Reversal Invariance Test
                                                                                                                                                                  • Need for a high precision BCT
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 78
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 79
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 80
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 81
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 82
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 83
                                                                                                                                                                  • Resonance Method with RF E(B) Fields
                                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Coherence Time with RF Flipper
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 86
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 87
                                                                                                                                                                  • History of neutron EDM limits
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 89
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 90
                                                                                                                                                                  • Spin Motion in Storage Rings
                                                                                                                                                                  • Systematic Effects
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 93
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 94
                                                                                                                                                                  • List of Activities (Accelerator)
                                                                                                                                                                  • Simulation of Spin Rotations
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 97
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 98
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 99
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 100
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 101
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 102
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 103
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 104
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 105
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 106
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 107
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 108
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 109
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 110
                                                                                                                                                                  • Slide 111

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