Ecological Footprint If current material and population growth trends continue and population stabilizes at 10 billion people in 2040, we will need between.
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Ecological Footprint
If current material and population growth trends continue and population stabilizes at 10 billion people in 2040, we will need between eight and twelve additional planets.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
World Carbon Emissions, 1950-2000From Fossil Fuel Burning
MillionTons
World Mean Temperature
13.613.8
1414.214.414.614.8
1515.215.415.615.8
Source: State of the World, World Watch Institute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
0
20
40
60
80
100
Economic losses Number of major catastrophes
Underbelly of our Industrial System
ENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATION
Deforestation
Decimated Biodiversity
Widespread Pollution
Poverty
SOCIAL INEQUITY & POVERTY
Erosion
Human Rights Violations
*M = Manufactured Capital
Waste to Landfill
Habitat Loss
Global Warming
Toxic Chemical Exposure
MalnutritionCancerInjustice
Unclean Water
Child Labor
The Concept of the Funnel
Decline of Living Systems
Margin for Action
Population x Affluence x Technology
Environmental Concerns
•Mass extinctions
•Deforestation & soil erosion
•Air & water pollution
•“Super” bacteria, viruses, and insects
•Dwindling natural resources
•Cancer rates increasing
•Reproductive disorders increasing
•Fisheries collapsing
•Water tables falling
•Climate Change
Extinctions
•51% of freshwater animal species are declining in number.
•One in four vertebrate species are in sharp decline or facing serious pressure from human activities.
•One of every eight known plant species is threatened with extinction or is nearly extinct.
•One in ten tree species—some 8,750 of the 80,000 to 100,000 tree species known to science—are threatened with extinction.
•The overall rate of extinction is estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than it would be naturally.
PRINCIPLES OFSUSTAINABILITY
Global warming
Toxicity
Ground water contamination
Rain forest destruction
Monocultures
Fisheries collapse
Forest loss
Energy Sources
Jobs vs. environment debates
Water Pollution
Nuclear PlantsAir pollution
Flooding
Acid Rain
Hunger
To develop and share a common framework To develop and share a common framework comprised of easily understood, scientifically-comprised of easily understood, scientifically-based principles that can serve as a compass to based principles that can serve as a compass to guide society toward a sustainable future. guide society toward a sustainable future.
© 1996 Paul Hawken, Karl-Henrik Robèrt, and The Natural Step
The Purpose of The Natural Step:
Matter and energy cannot be destroyed(the Conservation Law)
Matter and energy tend to spread spontaneously(2nd Law of Thermodynamics)
Biological and economic value (quality) of matter is in its concentration and structure(What we need for our existence)
Green cells are essentially the only net producer of concentration and structure(Photosynthesis)
Science Principles
System Condition No. 1
Substances from the Earth's crust must not systematically increase in the biosphereThis means: fossil fuels, metals and other minerals must not be extracted at a faster rate than their redeposit and regeneration in the the Earth's crust.
HALOGENATEDCOMPOUNDSchlorodifluoromethanechlorotrifluoromethanedichlorofluoromethanechloromethanetrichlorofluoromethanedichloroethyleneFreon 113methylene chloridechloroform1,1,1 – trichloroethanecarbon tetrachloridetrichloroethylenechloropentanechlorobenzeneiodopentane3-methyl-1-iodobutancechloroethylbenzenedibromodichloromethane
dichlorobenzenechlorodecanetrichlorobenzeneALDEHYDESacetaldehydemethyl propanaln-butantalmethylbutanalcrotoaldehyden-penanaln-hexanalfuraldehyden-heptanalbenzaldehyden-octanalphenyl acetaldehyden-nonanalmethyl furaldehyden-decanaln-undecanal
n-dodecanalKETONESacetonemethyl ethyl ketonemethyl propyl ketonemethyl vinyl ketoneethyl vinyl ketone2-pentanonemethyl pentanonemethyl hydrofuranone2-methyl-3-hexanone4-heptaonone3-heptaonone2- heptaononemethyl heptaononefuryl methyl ketoneoctanoneacetaphenone2-nonanone2-decananone
alkylated lactonephthalideOXYGENATEDISOMERSC4H6OC4H8OC5H10 OC4H6O2C6H12 OC7H10 OC7H14 O2C6H6O2C6H14 O2C6H16 OC7H8O2C7H10 O2C9H18 OC8H6O2C10H12 O2C10H14 O
C10H16 OC10H18 OC10H20 OC10H22 OC9H8O2C11H20 OALCOHOLSmethanolisoproponaln-proponal1-butanol1-pentanolx-furfuryl alcohol2-ethyl-1-hexanol phenol2,2,4-trimethylpenta-1,3-diolx-terpineolACIDSacetic aciddecanonic acidSULFUR COMPOUNDS
This means: substances must not be produced faster than they can be broken down and be reintegrated into the cycles of nature or be deposited in the Earth's crust
System Condition No. 2
Substances produced by society must not systematically increase in nature
System Condition No. 3
The physical basis for the productivity and diversity of nature must not be systematically deteriorated.This means: the productive surfaces of nature must not be diminished in quality or quantity, and we must not harvest more from nature than can be recreated or renewed.
System Condition No. 4
There needs to be fair and efficient use of resources with respect to meeting human needs.This means: basic human needs must be met with the most resource efficient methods possible, including equitable resource distribution.
Income Disparities
0102030405060708090
1960 1970 1980 1990 1994
Richest 20% Poorest 20%
Per
cent
age
70.2
2.3
86.0
1.1
Four System Conditions
1. What we take from the Earth’s crust
1. What we make in the lab
2. What we take from land and sea
3. How efficient and equitable we are
Applying the System Conditions
Does this decision: 1. Decrease dependence on oil, gas,
and metals? 2. Decrease dependence on
compounds produced by society? 3. Increase the productivity and
biodiversity in nature?4. Increase the efficiency and equity
with which resources are used?
Yes No
___ ___
___ ___
___ ___
___ ___
Sustainable
Zero Waste
Total Cost Accounting
Work with Biological & Ecological Cycles
Self-Replenishing Eco-System Services
High Quality of Life Healthy Communities
Clo
sed
Res
ourc
e Lo
ops
Ren
ewab
le E
nerg
y S
ourc
es
Balanced S
takeholder Benefits
Investors, Em
ployees & C
omm
unity
The Business Challenge
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL
Profitability
Profitability
Unsustainable
Externalization of
Environmental & Social
Costs
Ozone Depletion Global Warming
Environmental Integrity
Social Merit
Low
est C
ost L
abor
take
s P
rece
denc
e
over
Loy
alty
to C
omm
uniti
es
Extraction, P
roduction & W
aste
Fossil Fuels Transformed to Em
issions
Figure 1 By Karl Ostrom
INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS MODEL
Nature Viewed as Raw Materials to be Extracted
Declining Resources Altered Bio/Geochemistry
Gross Inequities Resource Conflicts
Health Crises Malnutrition
Goods andServices
NaturalResources
Tomorrow’s Material Cycle Tomorrow’s profit will come from design, not matter
Reduce Use of Natural
Resources
Recover Technical Nutrients
Closing the Material Loop
• Design for Efficient Production• Design for Efficient and Effective Use• Design for Efficient Recovery
• Take-back Logistics• Remanufacturing • Reuse• Recycling
Decreasing Resource Use By Design
Closing the Loop
Key Concept: Material recovery starts and ends with great product design
Goals:
Need Less material inputs throughout product life
Make use of recovered materials
Make it easy to recover materials
Goals:
Find sustainable sources of technical nutrients
Recapture value from materials
Learn from experience to improve future design
Government Agencies
Community Stakeholders
Higher Education Business Leaders
Non-Profits
N etw ork for B usiness Innovation and
Sustainability/N W
Building Community Collaborationto Support Sustainable Prosperity
catalyzing and enabling increased business to business collaboration; i.e. best practices, IE
linking sustainable business projects with the teaching and research capacities being developed in higher education institutions,
developing informed relationships between businesses and non-profits that profitably reward sustainability in the marketplace,
Collaboration between business and government that facilitate eco-efficiency, innovation and reward sustainable practices
Interdisciplinary Support for Sustainable Business: Research, Teaching & Action Learning Projects
SOCIAL MERIT through promoting socially
and environmentally preferable products and services
ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY through use of technologies and strategies
that reduce material use, energy use, toxins and waste
FINANCIAL STRENGTH through implementation of
sustainable business practices
Social
Economic
Environmental
Objectives
Business Management
Biological and Physical Sciences
Social Sciences
Green Building Architecture
Environmental Information Systems
Life Cycle Product Design
Biomimicry
Industrial Ecology
Environmental Engineering
Bioregional Natural Resource Management
Green Chemistry
Science/Technology for renewable and Efficient energy use
Geology, Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bioregional Geography Sustainable
Agriculture
Human Development Ecopsychology
Rural and Urban Sociology
Accounting
Economics
Marketing
Organization Development
Leadership
Urban & Regional Planning
Political Science
Community Development
Figure 2 By Karl Ostrom
Information Technology
Communications Specialists
N etwo rk for Business
I nnovatio n & Sustainab ility
An intensive one-day workshop
SUSTAINABLE
PURCHASING
STRATEGIES
Using the Natural Step Framework
Thursday, May 1, 2003
Sustainable Business Strategy
— Stakeholder agenda
— Local solutions
— Creative partnerships
— Trust
Connect toCommunity
— Green products
— Supply chain improvement
— Products to Services
— Remanufacturing
Connect toValue Chain
— Lower operating costs
— New business opportunities
— Renewable materials
— Renewable energy
— Offsets
— Biomimicry
Value fromEcosystems
Four strategies to put you on the road to sustainability
Material toInformation
— Knowledge intensive
— Value per volume output
— Value per unit capital
— Reduce footprint
— Material per customer
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