Earthquake Risk Reduction Initiatives in the Caribbean Risk Reduction Initiatives in the Caribbean ... ¾Benchmarking the earthquake preparedness capacity of CDERA ... Earthquake Risk
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Earthquake Risk Reduction Initiatives in the Caribbean
Les Saintes Earthquake (2006). Damage to church in Northern Dominica
Lloyd Lynch & Walter Salazar
Seismic Research Centre
Univ. of the West Indies
Trinidad and Tobago
Population at Risk for Natural Hazards
11.3 M
2.7 M
0.3 M
16.5 M
3.9 M
2.0 M
1.1 M
25 M42 M3.0 M
4.0 M
5.4 M
6.8 M
6.6 M
Total = 130 MSource: CIA Factbook
Countries with volcanic and seismic hazards in the eastern CaribbeanEarthquake, Volcano and Tsunami Studies in
the Insular CaribbeanEarthquake, Volcano and Tsunami Studies in
the Insular Caribbean
Jurisdiction No Hazards Monitoring AgencyTrinidad &
Tobago1 IS Eq./Ts. UWI-SRC
Barbados 1 IS Eq./Ts. UWI-SRC
OECS States 6 IS Eq./Vo.-1/Ts.
UWI-SRC, GSN-CU*French West
Indies3 FDT Eq./Vo.-
1/Ts.IPGP, BRGM
Montserrat 1 BDT Eq./Vo./Ts.
UWI-SRC
Dutch West Indies
5 DDT Eq.-1/Vo.-1/Ts.
KNMI
Puerto Rico & V. Is.
4 DT Eq./Ts. PRSN
Anguilla 1 BDT Eq./Ts. No Mon.
Dominican Republic
1 IS Eq./Ts. ISU, GSN-CU*
Haiti 1 IS Eq./Ts. No Mon.
Jamaica 1 IS Eq./Ts. UWI-EU
Turks and Caicos Is.
1 BDT Eq./Ts. GSN-CU*
Cuba 1 IS Eq./Ts. CENAIS
Caymans Is. 1 BDT Eq./Ts. CHMA
Bahamas 1 IS Ts. No Mon.
Independent States - 13Dependent Territories - 12Monitoring Agencies - 8* USGS Tsunami Monitoring Stations
-85 W -80 W -75 W -70 W -65 W -60 W
-85 W -80 W -75 W -70 W -65 W -60 W
Longitude
10 N
15 N
20 N
25 NLa
titud
e
10 N
15 N
20 N
25 N
Caribbean earthquakes The instrumental Period
This slide shows earthquakes since 1964. Note that although there is far greater detail, the general pattern is the same
Seismic Research UnitThe University of the West IndiesSt. AugustineTrinidad Tel 868 662 4659 Fax 868 663 9293 e-mail sruuwi@tstt.net.tt
Caribbean Fatalities from Earthquakes and Tsunamis (1500 – 1999)
1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
1
10
100
1000
10000
No.
Kill
ed
0
10
20
30
40
Pop
.(Mil)
Earthquake Fatalities (1600-1999)
Total Deaths – ~16,500
Intensity Distribution 1530 - 1900
Region IntensityX IX VIII VII VI
Cuba - 2 10 5 4Jamaica 1 - 1 1 11Haiti 2 2 2 7 2Dom. Rep - 3 3 - 4Puerto Rico - - 2 4 2Virgin Is. - - 2 - 2Lesser Ant., North 1 - 3 3 2Lesser Ant., Central - 2 1 2 3Lesser Ant., South - - - 4 5Barbados - - - - 4Trinidad - - 2 2 4
The Quill, St. Eustatius
The Bottom, Saba
Mt St. Catherine, GrenadaKick ‘em JennyThe Soufriere, St. Vincent
Sulphur Springs, St Lucia
Montagne Pelee, Martinique
MorneMorne Aux Aux DiablesDiables, Dominica, Dominica
Volcanoes of the Eastern Caribbean La La SoufriereSoufriere, ,
GuadeloupeGuadeloupe
SoufriereSoufriere Hills, Hills, MontserratMontserratNevis Peak, Nevis
Mt. Liamuiga, St. Kitts
Map of Stations Contributing Data to the Tsunami Warning Network
http://rmsismo.uprm.edu/Estaciones/estatus.php?maptype=1&stat_type=100
Eastern Caribbean cGPSStations
Motivation for embracing GEMTo improve knowledge of seismic
source zones– Necessary input for tsunami
modeling– Necessity to compute seismic
hazard potential provision for the IBC 2000 or later. This is the building code used by regional Engineers
CA. is Ocean-Ocean Convergent Zone. Most of land surface submerged Tectonic features are inaccessible
Modern instrumentation and state-of-the-art research tools/methods are highly desirable because of the capability to make accurate remote measurements of eq. source and crustal parameters
After John F. Clinton et al.
Average horizontal PGA (in g) with a 475-year return period for average soil, following the logic tree approach. No σ in the attenuation has been considered.
-75.0 -74.5 -74.0 -73.5 -73.0 -72.5 -72.0 -71.5 -71.0 -70.5 -70.0 -69.5 -69.0 -68.5 -68.0
Latitude
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
Lon
gitu
de
Port Au Prince Santo
Domingo
HAITI
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
CUBA
Puerto PlataMontecristi
Les Cayes
Gonaives Santiago
C A R I B B E A N S E A
Barahona
Cap Haitien
GONAVE I.
TORTUE I.
Horizontal Ground Acceleration with 10% probability of exceedance in any 50-year period. Contour interval is 25 gals
Haiti and Dominican republic
IBC2000 uses hazard maps in which the Maximum Credible Earthquakes Spectral Accelerations at
0.2s and 1.0s are determined
Jamaica Spectral Hazard Maps
1. EUCENTRE/INGV/CCEO/UWI Evaluation and Mitigation of Seismic
Risk in the Eastern Caribbean Funded by the municipality of Milan, this project aims to implement a multidisciplinary methodology for integrating the aspects of seismic monitoring, seismic hazard, vulnerability and exposure of the building stock of Eastern Caribbean Countries, culminating in the prediction of seismic risk/damage scenarios at an urban scale using a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) platform:
Only a half of the proposed scope of work has been funded so far for one year starting Mar. 2008. Three tasks will be undertaken and work will be restricted to Trinidad and Tobago in the first phase :
Revision of Seismic Hazard Maps using methodology akin to that used for IBC compliant maps
Feasibility study for establishing a cost effective St M ti N t k ( l t )
1. EUCENTRE/INGV/CCEO/UWI Evaluation and Mitigation of Seismic
Risk in the Eastern Caribbean
Collaborating institutions are the EUCENTRE, UWI - Department of Civil Engineering (DCE) and the Seismic Research Centre (SRC), Caribbean Council of Engineering Organizations (CCEO)The project also caters for 1 fellowship to the EUCENTRE and a scolarship for 1 Caribbean national to pursue Graduate Studies at the ROSE School
2. CDB/CROSQ/UWI Region Building Standard
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) has provided a Grant to the Caribbean Regional Organization for Standards and Quality to develop a Regional Building Standard for CDB borrowing member States:
Caribbean engineering professionals have adopted the US-based International Code Council (ICC) standards and earthquake hazard maps and attendant application documents are required for the seismic provision of the International Building Code which is affiliated with the ICC. The Seismic Research Centre (SRC) will provide the technical inputExternal technical assistance is required to incorporate new and most appropriate developments in the hazard evaluation.An important goal of the project is to create a framework and mechanisms to foster closer collaboration between the engineering and
i l i l iti i th i
3. GFDRR/CCRIF/UWI Caribbean Risk Atlas
Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF) approached the World Bank to support the enhancement of capacity within the Caribbean to assess risk posed by natural phenomena:
The World Bank has assisted the CARICOM Secretariat to obtain funding from the Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction to build capacity in natural hazard risk assessment. Initial goal is to develop risk modes for flooding, windstorms and earthquakes in 4 pilot statesThe project will run for 24 months with a total budget of about US$450KThe Disaster Risk Reduction Center (DRRC) of UWI will be executing agency for the project. The end products will for the basis of the
4. Seismic Risk Assessment for Loss Reduction in South America
Trinidad and Tobago, host nation for the Seismic Research Centre of the University of the West Indies is a member of the Intergovernmental organization CERESIS. In fact the national representative has always been elected from the staff of the SRC:
SRC has played leading role in previous CERISIS Hazard assessment initiatives including SISRA (in the ‘80s) and the IDRC/PAIGH (1989-1994) project. SRC brings Institutional strengthening to the group and its (SRC) staff brings rich memory from previous projects that will prove valuable in the current initiative.
Other Initiatives
Enhancement of earthquake Readiness Capacity (CDERA/Gov. of Austria 2007-9)Benchmarking the earthquake preparedness capacity of CDERA participating statesEnhancing earthquake contingency planning including Search and RescuePromoting earthquake Awareness
Earthquake Risk Reduction Initiatives
Those affiliated with the establishment of TWSModernization and Extension of Regional
Seismic Networks
Over 20 Broadband and accelerometers added since 2000
Over 15 cGPS stations*
Several Accelerographs*
VSAT data communication
Development of communication Protocols for Tsunami warning and response
Enhanced Outreach and Awareness programs
Tsunami hazard and vulnerability assessments
* Exceptions - Joint Collaborations with other researchers d f i l
Urgent Needs
• To Harmonise projects• Mobilize other regional researchers/stakeholders
• Establish Scheduling with GEM
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