Transcript
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CONTINENTS ARE NOT DRIFTING, BUT RISING
-Scientist. G. Ponmudi.
INTRODUCTION
The global distribution of trilobite fossils indicats the risingof continents.
The Fossils of trilobites an ancient marine insect which lived on
sea floor before five hundred million years, but now found on all the
seven continents especially on mountains which indicates that all the
continents had once been under the ocean and now rose to the present
height.
The sea organisms which lived in shallow sea water get buried
alive when there is a land slide along with soil and wet mud. Later
when this portion of the shore rises up above sea level, these buried
insects after millions of years would have become fossils.
The continuous process of rising of mountains from below the sea
enables us to find the fossils of the sea organisms in rocks found on
mountains. While the mountains continue to rise, the surrounding areas
experience landslides and this in turn exposes the fossils of the
embedded sea organisms.
The fossils of Trilobite have been found on the mountains of all
the seven continents of the world and in more than thirty places on
earth. This clearly shows that these mountains and continents have
surfaced from below the sea.*[1]
To be specific, thousands of fossils of Trilobite are found onthe three continents surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
The continent of North America is situated on the eastern side of
the Pacific Ocean. Burgess quarry which is situated on the Rocky
Mountain in British Columbia, there are about 30, 000 fossils of
Trilobite are found on the exposed slate. This place is about 500
miles away from the Pacific Ocean and at 8000 feet high above the sea
level.
On the western side of the Pacific Ocean, the continent of Asia
is situated. In the chengjiang district of China recently numerous
buried fossils of Trilobite have been discovered on the mountainregions. This mountain region is 350 miles away from the sea and 6200
feet above sea level.*[2]
Recently marine fossils have also been discovered in the land
locked Sichuan region where the huge earthquake rocked.*[3]
On the southern region of the Pacific Ocean, the continent of
Australia is located. On the southern side of this continent, Adelaide
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Harbor is situated. On Ediyacara Mountain which is 650 kilometers on
the northern side also fossils of Trilobite have been found.. This
mountain region is 1900 feet above sea level.
The three places, where the buried fossils of Trilobite were
found lie around the Pacific Ocean and are hundreds of miles away and
thousands of feet higher than sea level which clearly shows that allthese land surfaces have risen from the depth of the Pacific Ocean.
An important feature to be noted is that all the land lies on
one side and the Pacific Ocean on the other side. The total area of
the Pacific Ocean is 5.9 million square miles. This is more than the
area of all the land on the earth put together.
The Pacific Ocean is connected with all the other oceans of the
earth. Three fourths of water and one fourth of land is what we see on
the earth. Hence, as the land rose gradually, the remains of sea
animals are found on the mountains.
The fossils of a sea animal called Trilobite which lived 500
million years ago under water have been unearthed on the mountains all
over the earth. This proves that millions of years ago, all these
mountains were under the sea and have gradually risen above sea level.
How do fossils formed?
In the case of the fossils of Trilobite found on mountains, there
is no reason to state that the seas would have receded from the
mountains. It is because, when the land rises suddenly, landslides are
caused and the seas organisms get buried in the mud and slush and when
this rises above sea level, due course they become fossils.
Hence there is no question of sea receding and exposing the
remains and fossils. The real reason for the fossils of Trilobite to
be found on the mountains is that, the mountains which were under the
sea have risen above the sea level.
Therefore the fossils of the sea arthropod Trilobite are found on
the seven continents of the world, it is proved that all the seven
continents were once under the sea and have risen above sea level.
(2).Dinosaurs fossils Challenge Drifting Continents Theory
The mesosaurus fossils mystery
South America and Africa are separated by the Atlantic Ocean.
But, in both these continents the bones of a giant sized lizard,
Mesosaurs which was a land animal found.
Based on this fact, Albert Wagener, a meteorologist raised a
question as to how the same type of animal could be found in different
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continents when they are separated by oceans and concluded that
previously they should have been one single continent.
But in the dinosaurus time land connection existed between the
continents due to low sea level through which the animals migrated
from one continent to other continent.
Later the rising of sea level seperated the continents. for
example In the Bering Strait which separates North America from Russia
s Siberia , a land connection served as a bridge of land for all
animals like woolly mammoth, wild buffaloes, lions, bears rabbits and
cave men.
To support this theory, in Siberia, in the Yana river valley, the
Stone Age tools used by man and numerous bones of animals were found.
Like this land bridge which is known as Beringia there should
have been many land bridges between continents, through which the
dinosaurs would have moved and spread. Researchers said that otherthan this it was not possible for the continents to move
Wagener refused to believe the concept about land bridges but
argued that continents are moving.. 200 million years ago, a huge
continent named Pangaea got divided in to two continents called
Laurasia and Gondwana. 150 million years ago the continent Gondwana
broke in to many pieces and formed South America, Africa, Australia
and India.
Among this, India moved in a north eastern direction, crossed the
equator 45 million years ago and collided with the continent Asia. On
account of this, the Himalayas were formed. Wagener also said that
this was cause for the earthquakes to occur there.
The giant lizards which were said to be as evidence forWageners
concept of moving continents have today become the opposing features.
Palaeontologist unearthed fossils of 95 million year old dinosaurus
named Rugops primus in africa which is closely related to South
American and Indian dinosaurus.*(4)
Professor Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago who conducted
the excavation said that, We cannot get the closely related species
without transport. *(5)
The problem here is that according to Pangaeas concept, all
these continents got separated 150 million years ago and have been
isolated by the seas and oceans. So, the question now is that, how a
species which evolved after the separation of continents spread to
other continents?
To solve this problem, the researchers who follow the drifting
continents concept offered a new explanation.
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(Recently researchers believe that the Gondwana an imaginary
super continent splited was perhaps as early as 120 million years ago
instead of 150 million years as proposed by wegenor.)
After the discovery of 95 million year old dinosaurus bones in
Africa, the researchers have explained that, the continent Gondwanashould have separated at a later stage about 100 million years ago,
and even after that there should have been many temporary land bridges
between the drifting continents, for a longer period of time, through
which the dinosaurs would have traveled to and fro.*(6)
But the discovery of 65 million years old dinosaurus
fossils in india named as rajasaurus narmadensis also closely
resembled the dinosaurus fosslils of the South America, Africa and
Madagascar.*(7),
According to the Pangaea concept, India was an island continent
65 million years ago.
Dinosaurs which evolved during that period and lived in the
other parts of the world had no opportunity to enter India.
It was because, India was surrounded by sea. But, the skeletons
of dinosaurs have been found in India.
Therefore India had never been an island continent. It is proved
that as at present; it had joined Asia.
Professor Jeffery Wilson of the University of Michigan has said, The
statement that India had moved has not been substantiated with
direction and time.*(8)
But, Paleontologists have said that, fifty million years ago that
is even before Mount Everest came into being, dinosaurs like
Rajasaurus had entered India. Therefore it is proved that India had
always been part of the continent, Asia.
Dinosaurs have lived in Antarctica and Australia. Similar to the
land bridge which was formed in Bering Strait area due to the rising
of the land which made the sea recede and paved way for animals to
move from one continent to another.
Hence, the continents did not move; it is only the animals whichmoved from one place to another.
If continents do not move, how do earthquakes occur? Earthquakes
occur only due to the rising of the land from below the sea to above
the sea level. The fossils of sea animals that are found on thousands
of feet high mountains including the Everest are the best examples for
this.
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Apart from the rising of land low sea level is also a reason for
the presence of fossils of same kind of animals on different
continents which has been separated by Wide Ocean.
(3) Forty thousand years ago, the sea level was about four
thousand feet lower than it is now.
Did Stone Age people undertake Sea Voyage?
Sandwiched between the continents of Asia and Australia, islands
of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor etc. are
situated in a long strip. The caves of the island of Flores were
inhabited by 3-foot dwarfish Stone Age humans, perhaps as early as
1..8 million years ago, whose bones and the stone tools used by them
have been unearthed by the archeologists of Australia during an
excavation.*[9]
The bones of the Stone Age humans who lived forty thousand yearsago in this region, have already been unearthed by the researchers
from Timor Island situated near the island continent of Australia.
It is not an easy task to reach the islands of Flores and Timor.
Specifically, the islands of Sumbawa, Flores and Timor are found
in the ocean region which has a depth of four thousand feet.
Lombok Island in particular, is thirty kilometers away from the
island of Bali. A dangerous strait called Sape is running between
these two islands. Hence, ships with sails and motor boats alone can
cross this sea strait.
This has given rise to controversies and arguments among the
scientists as to how the Stone Age man could have crossed this
dangerous region between the Flores and Timor islands.
The bones and tools of Stone Age people have been unearthed in
India and Sri Lanka which are separated by a six hundred feet deep
sea. Researchers are of the opinion that, ten thousand years ago, when
the sea level was six hundred feet lower than the present level, Stone
Age people should have migrated from India to Sri Lanka.
Researchers believe that later the ice which was above the land
should have melted and raised the level of the sea level for about six
hundred feet. But it is a surprise that how the Stone Age people went
to Flores Timor islands and the continent of Australia, which have
been separated by a four thousand feet deep sea.
Researcher Tim White says that, Stone Age dwarf people might have
been brought from Bali Island to Flores Island by Tsunami waves.
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But researcher Robert Bednarik says that the currents that are
running between the Indonesian islands can only be crossed over by
boats made of wood like catamarans using oars. He not only said this,
but also tests his idea by traveling from Bali Island to Lombok Island
a few times. This voyage in catamarans was made into documentaries by
BBC News Channel and National Geographic Channel. *[10]
The catamaran should be made by stone tools was the prime
condition. But, when bamboos were cut by these stone tools, they
developed cracks. If a catamaran was made with such bamboos, instead
of floating it would sink in the sea. Hence, this important condition
was overlooked and the catamaran was made by using iron tools.*! 11)
In the same way, using stones, it was impossible to make even a
single oar. Even after rowing continuously for twelve hours, the idea
of reaching Lombok Island did not succeed.
How could have Stone Age people crossed the sea which was not
possible even by the present day men?
Referring to this, researcher Loin Davidson says that from the
past two and a half lakh years to seventy thousand years, there has
not been a large change in the stone tools that have been used by the
Stone Age men. They seem to be similar.
Hence, the intelligence level in these men might not have
undergone much of a change. This proves that the Stone Age men would
not have planned long sea voyages using their limited intelligence,
says Davidson. *[12]
Moreover, the continent of Australia is thousand kilometers away
from Timor Island and is not visible from Timor Island. Hence, would
the Stone Age men venture a sea voyage towards a destination that was
not visible?
In addition to this, it took six days for the Robert Bednarik
group to cross the deep sea between Timor Island and the continent of
Australia. Would the Stone Age men have ventured a similar day and
night sea voyage? What would they have done for food and water for six
days?
Barbarians did not undertake any sea voyages. It was the sea
that was four thousand feet lower at that time?
Hence, the finding of bones and stone tools of Stone Age men wholived forty thousand years ago in the continent of Australia, which
was separated from the continent of Asia by a four thousand feet deep
sea, proves that forty thousand years ago, the sea level was about
four thousand feet lower in the Indonesian region.
Hence, forty thousand year ago, a land connected the continent of
Asia and the continent of Australia. Through this strip of land, the
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Stone Age people of the continent of Asia went by foot to the
continent of Australia.
Later, when the sea level rose, the land also split in different
places and rose up along with the rising sea which resulted in the
formation of many islands. On account of this, the Stone Age men were
unable to leave the islands and were isolated there.
Why did the land rise? Why did the sea level rise?
The molted rock material found inside the earth gradually cooled
down and hardened to form rocky plates in different layers. On account
of this phenomenon, water, gases and oil were separated from the
molten rock which reduced the thickness of the rocky plates. As the
thinner rocky plates formed from the thick molten rock moved upwards,
the land surface also rose.
At the same time, while the molten rock cooled, the water which
was separated from it, formed hot water springs under the sea, whichraised the sea level up to four thousand feet.
When the land surface rises suddenly from the sea floor, natural
disasters like earthquakes, landslides and Tsunami are caused.
(4)Twenty million years ago, the sea level had been ten thousand five
hundred feet lower than it is now.
In1835, Charles Darwin, a scientist visited the Galapagos Island
which is situated about thousand kilometers from South America in the
Pacific Ocean.
On the island, he saw a number of giant tortoises. He was
surprised as to how these creatures came to that island. It was
because each tortoise weighed two hundred and fifty kilos and looked
like rocks. They would be unable to float on water even for a second.
Researchers are of the opinion that these tortoises could have
climbed on the branches which were carried away by sudden floods in
the river and forced them into the sea. They would have traveled for
about two weeks and reached the island.
But, the branches will not float in a manner suggested by them.
They usually keep turning and rolling. These tortoises have no toes
and their legs resemble that of the elephants. Hence, it would nothave been possible for them to travel without rolling and falling into
the sea when the branches were rolling and tossing.
The important question is how they survived for two weeks without
food and water. Researchers say that sufficient fats and water were
stored in their body which would have helped them to live without food
for two weeks.
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But, Trevor Worth, a research scientist found the jaw bone and
the thigh bones of a rat like animal which could have lived nineteen
million years ago in New Zealand, a place two thousand kilo meters
away from the continent of Australia.
Michael Archer, an paleontologist is of the opinion that as the
upper part of the thigh bone is broader than the lower part, thisanimal would have been hopping and moving and would not have been able
to travel on a floating branch to reach the island. *[13]
Researchers say that traveling to Galapagos which is nearly
thousand kilometers from South America on a floating branch would take
two weeks for the tortoises to reach there.
When this is the case, to reach New Zealand which is in Australia
about two thousand kilometers away by traveling on a floating branch
will take a minimum four weeks. Could a small rat like animal have
survived without food and particularly water, for such a long period?
To be specific, the island of New Zealand is situated in a place
where the sea is of ten thousand feet depth. So, as the sea level had
been ten thousand feet lower, there had been some connection between
the continents and using this, these animals must have reached here
from the continents by way of walking. Later on the sea level could
have risen.
Moreover, bones of dinosaurs have been unearthed in the island
Chatham, *[14] which is close to New Zealand. As the sea level had
been ten thousand feet lower, even dinosaurs could have migrated from
continent to continent.
Instead of this, researchers say that all the continents were
together before and then slowly moved away from each other is
incorrect.
The reason for the rising of the sea level about ten thousand
feet high is the continuous flow of water from hot water springs found
under the sea.
The molten rock found under the crust of the earth gradually
cools and hardens to form rocky plates. The water which is eliminated
during this process only comes out through hot water springs.
As the water gets separated from the dense molten rock, it getsconverted into rocky plates which are of lesser density and these
start rising upwards there by making the continents also to rise. When
the rocky plates in a particular area rise like this, they rub against
the adjacent plates and this only results in an earth quake in that
area.
Only the rising of the rocky plates causes earth quakes
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(5,)Animals on remote island indicates ancient low sea level.
Chameleons are animals which originated twenty million of years
ago. Chameleons cannot swim. But, they are found not only in the
continent of Africa, but also in the islands of the Indian Ocean such
as Madagascar, Seychelles and Comoros. These islands are situated at adepth of ten thousand five hundred feet (two miles) in the sea.
Hence, twenty million years ago, as the sea was ten thousand five
hundred feet (two miles) lower than it is now, from the continent of
Africa, chameleons spread by way of land to Madagascar, Sussex and
Comoros which are islands formed by volcanoes.
In the same way, in many islands found in the middle of the sea,
frogs, lizards and snails which cannot swim in the sea are found and
this proves the fact that, twenty million years before the sea was ten
thousand five hundred feet (two miles) lower than it is now.
Lizards and frogs.
As frogs live both on land and water, they are known as
amphibians. But frogs mostly spend their life time near water
bodies. The main reason for this is, the first life which originated
in the sea had to undergo a lot of evolutionary changes.
Frogs were breathing with the help of gills in the tadpole stage
but, developed lungs in due course to lead a terrestrial life. But,
the reason for frogs to live near water bodies is that, unlike snakes
and lizards, frogs eggs are smooth and slimy and are laid in shallow
waters. If these eggs were exposed to wind or sunlight for a long time
the water content in them will get evaporated and the embryo in the
eggs will die.
Similarly, the skin of the frog is very thin and moist and so the
frog always avoids windy and sunny places. Hence, frogs come out
during rainy season and reproduce.
The most important thing to be noted is that the frog cannot
survive in sea water. It is because, when the excess salt from the sea
water gets into its body, the frog will die.
Under these circumstances, the reason for the presence of frogs
on islands is that, twenty million years ago the sea level was two
miles lower than it is now.
When compared to frogs, we can say that lizards are a slightly
advanced group of animals because they lay eggs which are protected by
shells. Hence there is no necessity for the eggs to be laid in the
water or near water.
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Moreover the body of lizards and garden lizards are covered with
dry scales. This prevents the water in the body from being evaporated.
So these animals have spread out far from water bodies.
The toes of lizards and garden lizards are capable of holding on
to the branches of trees but are not designed to swim. So, the reason
for wild lizards and garden lizards to live on many islands is thatthe sea level was two miles lower,
Twenty million of years ago. It is not possible to say that man
would have taken them there, because on each island, the wild lizards
are of different kinds. Likewise, after millions of years new species
will evolve.
Hence, as the lizards and frogs are different from each other, it
clearly shows that before man could inhabit those islands, these
animals have gone there. So, the reason for wild lizards and frogs
which cannot swim to live on many islands in the middle of the sea is
that, the sea level was two miles lower, twenty million years ago.
Amber snails on Hawaii Island
On one side of the spherical earth, continents are situated and
the other side comprises of the Pacific Ocean. Surrounding the Pacific
Ocean, the continents of North America, South America, Asia and
Australia are found. The volcanic island of Hawaii is situated in the
central part of the Pacific Ocean, more than two thousand kilo meters
away from these land areas. But the amber snails which are in the
color of amber and found in North America, South America, Asia and
Australia are found on this island too.
Definitely these amber snails could not have reached the
volcanic island of Hawaii situated in the central part of the Pacific
Ocean, more than two thousand kilo meters away from these land areas
by wind or water currents. Hence, these amber snails also prove that
the Pacific Ocean had been lower before.
(6)The Ice age myth
Similarly, ice age is mentioned as a reason for the rising of the
sea level. It is believed that 12,000 years ago most of the land was
covered by layers of ice and snow and later when it melted and flowedinto the sea, the level of the sea rose.
The reason for the occurrence of ice age was believed to be the
changes that took place on the orbit of the earth. When the earth
moved a little away from the sun and revolved around it, the
temperature decreased and layers of ice were formed and when the earth
moved closer to the sun and revolved, the temperature rose and this
resulted in the melting of the layers of ice.
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The contradiction is that, when the earth moves away from the sun
and the temperature falls, the evaporation of sea water will also be
reduced. So, the water which is already on land will only turn to ice.
Similarly when the earth moves closer to the sun, the temperature
will rise and at the same time, both the melting of ice as well as theevaporation of sea water will take place simultaneously and so, no
noticeable change will take place in the level of the sea.
So, ice age is just an imaginary theory. So the melting of ice is
not the reason for the rising of sea level in large scale.
(7)From where did the sea water originate?
Hence, ice age is not the reason for the sea to be two thousand
feet low at a point of time and later rise upwards. In fact, thousands
of hot water springs which are under the sea and letting out?
Hydrothermal vent Water even today is only responsible for the
rise in the sea level.
(8) A submerged continent discovered under the Indian Ocean
(Under two kilometer from the sea surface indicate the rising of sea
level)
An American researchers haves discovered a submerged continent,
at a depth of two kilo meters, in the southern part of the Indian
Ocean.*[15]
The volcanic island, Kerguelen is found near the continent of
Antarctica, seven thousand kilo meters away on the southern tip of
India.
This island was discovered in 1772, by a French sailor named
Kerguelen. Hence this island is named after him.
As seals are found in abundance surrounding this island, only
seal hunters were using this island. At times researchers also visited
the island and conducted researches.
Though this island is situated at the extreme end of the Indian
Ocean and nearer to the continent of Antarctica, the flora found in
this island is similar to that found in the continent of South America
which had been a puzzle for a long time.
This puzzle is solved now.
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A submerged continent
The island, Kerguelen and the surrounding three hundred tiny
islands are situated on a plateau which is two kilometers below sea
level.
On the center of this submerged plateau, volcanic lava has flowedand cooled to form fossils in which the burnt parts of trees, seeds
and pollen grains were found by researchers..
Moreover researchers have found that these fossils were formed
twenty million years ago.
Based on these findings, researchers have discovered that twenty
million years ago this plateau had been above the sea level as a
continent with dense forests.
Twenty million years ago, when the sea level was two kilometers
lower, there had been land connecting the continents and pieces ofland which islands are at present. Through this connecting land,
animals like the Dinosaur and the flora had spread from one continent
to another and also the islands.
On account of this, the flora found on the island of Kerguelen is
similar to those found on the continent of South America.
Later, the sea rose up to two kilometers. This rise in the level
of the sea resulted in the submerging of the continent which was once
above the sea level.
This continent which is three times larger in area than Japan is
named by researchers as the Continent of Kerguelen.
What is the reason for the rising of sea level up to two
kilometers high?
There are thousands of hot water springs below the sea. Through
these springs, water from the interior of the earth is pushed out and
continuously mixing with the sea. This water is formed when the molten
rock from deep earth cools down and hardens to form rocky plates. This
water is known as Molten Rock Water.
The water separated from the molten rock is expelled through the
hot water springs and gets mixed with the sea, resulting in the riseof the sea level. When the sea rose two kilometers high, many islands
and plateaus were submerged in the sea.
For example, researchers have discovered three volcanoes in the
Pacific Ocean which were submerged two thousand feet deep in the
western side of North America.
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The research conducted with the help of deep sea robots showed
that the rocks eroded by waves, caves formed in the rocks by waves and
pebbles were found near the under-sea volcanoes.
Moreover, through research we come to know that due to the action
of the wind on the volcanic lava, once upon a time, these rocks must
have been thrown on the land which was situated above the sea level.
Hence, the researchers are of the opinion that the volcanoes
which are now submerged two thousand feet below the sea level had been
in the past beautiful islands with seashores above the sea level.
This submerged volcanoes proved that twenty million years ago,
the sea level had been lower than it is at present.
(9) Islands are rising
The mystery of missing water
I will disclose another important matter. In the year 1990,environmental scientists released a very important report. In that
they had stated that the atmosphere is heated too much and so the
glaciers are melting and due to this action, within ten years the sea
level will rise.
They warned that when this happens, all the nine tiny islands
like Tuvalu and Vanuatu will get submerged in the sea. Immediately,
the President of Tuvalu which is in the Pacific Ocean wrote a letter
to the president of New Zealand.
He had stated that as per the calculations of the
environmentalists, their island will get submerged in ten years time
and in case such an event takes place, shelter has to be provided on
compassionate grounds to the inhabitants of the island as
environmental refugees.
Ten years passed but, no island sank! At the same time, the
scientists of NASA had found out through research that in the polar
region, ice has melted and fifty billion tons of water had mixed with
the sea. Though enormous amount of water flowed into the sea why the
islands did not sink?
Interestingly, when the level of sea was checked near the
islands, the sea level was found to be two and a half inches lower
than before.*[16] This incident clearly shows us that the islands arerising.
(10)Sea caves indicate that the continents are rising.
On all the continents found on earth, caves are seen on the sea
shore. To be specific, surrounding the continent Europe, there are
numerous sea caves. These sea caves are formed due to the erosion
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caused by the sea. The roofs of caves thus formed are 20 or 30 feet
above sea level.
Small ships can travel through most of the caves. How could have
the roofs of caves which were formed due to the erosion by the sea
have gone up to such a height?
Many sea caves are found on the sea shore many hundreds of feet
away from the sea and many feet high from the sea level. Many sea
caves are also found dry without water.
All these caves, the islands on which they are situated, the land
surfaces and the continents show us clearly that the land is
continuously rising from the sea.
They say that when two land surfaces collide with each other,
mountain ranges are formed. But, the Crete mountain region shows
clearly that it did not form by the collision of a land.
The Australian continent is rising
Robert backer is a research scholar in the New England University
of Australia .Every Sunday to take rest, he used to visit the Sydney
Harbor where he once played and enjoyed with his friends when he was
young.
Incidentally one day, on the rocks he saw many nests made of lime
and those resembled the nests of wasps. These nests were the nests of
tubeworms which live in the sea. But, seeing it at such a height was
something abnormal. The nests were about 7 feet above sea level where
much erosion had not occurred.*[17]
Thesetubewormsneed to be in water for at least six hours for
survival. Under these circumstances, what could be the reason for the
nests being built 7 feet above sea water level?
Backer was able to arrive at only one explanation. That is, the
sea level in Sydney harbor has decreased by seven feet. And this must
have taken place recently. If it had happened long before, the nests
would have been eroded to a greater extent.
Immediately he conveyed the information to Professor Peter flood
and Dr. Bob Haworth and they decided to conduct an elaborate research.
Subsequently, they went to the island New Caledonia which is 600
miles away from Australia and searched for the nests of the tubeworms.
Curiously, there also they found the tubeworms nests at a height
where the sea waves could not touch them.
Next, in island of Madagascar found near Africa in the Indian
Ocean, in South Corona on the border of North American sea shore, and
in South America on the sea shore of Brazil, they found the insects
nests at a height above the sea level and based on their findings of 8
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years, they finally announced that the sea level has fall down up to
seven feet around the world.*[18]
But, they did not reveal why it has dropped. Where did all the
sea water go? What happened to it? There was no explanation for these.
It is more than three billion years since the seas were formed.
It is not possible for the sea to reduce its level throughout the
world. So, only the continents have risen. This is the reason for the
insects nests seen at a height above the sea level.
The South American Continent is rising.
Similar to the finding of fossils in the deserts, huge deposits
of salt is also found. The largest salt deposit of the world has been
discovered in the desert region of Uyuni which is situated on the
south western side of Bolivia in South America. This salt desert is of
an area of 4600 square miles. Ten billion tons (1 billion = 100
crores) of salt is found here.*[19]
This place is situated 11 thousand feet high from sea level. When
seen from there only salt is seen in all directions as far as the eye
could see and so this area appears as a white region.
Similarly in Kavir desert in the Plateau of Iran, Death Valley
in the central part of North America, Atacama Desert in South America,
Great Victoria Desert in central Australia, Kalahari Desert and in
Botswana in South Africa and Sahara Desert in North Africa , large
deposits of salt are found. How could have salt of such magnitude be
formed in deserts?
Already the fossils of sea organisms have been unearthed in
deserts. So it is confirmed that all these deserts had been under the
sea once upon a time and later have surfaced above from below the sea.
When the sandy area rose above the sea level, some areas were
lower and the sea water which stagnated in due course got evaporated
and the large deposits of salt were formed.
The Antarctica continent is rising.
In March 2002, on the eastern corner, peninsular area, in the
continent of Antarctica situated at the South Pole, the ice sheets
which form on the land and extend on the sea suddenly broke intohundreds of pieces and were thrown in all directions.
This incident surprised and stunned the scientists. Geologist
Eugene Dumac of the Michigan University stated This is a new event
which has never happened before. David Wagon, a research scholar of
the British Antarctic Research center has stated, It is difficult to
believe that 500 billion ton of glacier had disintegrated in thirty
five days. *[20]
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Generally, due to the changes in temperature the layers of snow
and ice at the poles melt very slowly into water and mix with the sea.
To discuss the reason for the sudden breaking of the glacier on
4th and 5th April 2002, more than 60 scientists from 12 countries
assembled in Hamilton College and discussed. It was announced that,the defective formation of the glacier was only responsible for its
disintegration.
Why should the formation of the glacier suddenly disintegrate?
The layers of ice are spread out continuously on the land as well
as the sea. The truth is when the peninsula area of Antarctica rose
upwards, the formation was affected and it broke into pieces. This
part of Antarctica is under the British and hence the arthropod
Trilobites fossils have been found. So the reason for the sudden
breakage is that this particular continent is rising.
Similarly in Greenland at North Pole, sheets of ice covering the
island had long cracks and these started sliding faster than before.
In the North Pole area near the border of Ellesmere Island is an
ice shelf called Ward Hunt on which many cracks have formed during
2002.*[21]
Appearance of cracks on the ice shelves and these cracks breaking
them, which had been silent for the past three thousand years, is only
due to the difference in the rate of rising of the land surface and
damaging the structure of the ice shelves.
A European research scholar,Dr.Remko scharroo after conducting a
research through the satellite, ERS-1 has stated that, the level of
the Arctic Ocean in the North Pole region is reduced by 2.17
millimeters starting from1995 2003.*[22]
According to this theory, temperature rise is not the reason for
the cracking and breaking of the ice shelves. It is because; the
increase in the temperature would have resulted in the melting of ice
and increased the ocean level.
But, the level has decreased! So, it becomes clear that the
rising of the islands is responsible for the cracking of the ice
shelves and the lowering in the level of the ocean.
(11) Where did the sand on Chennai Marina beach come from?
The sand on the sea shore of Marina Beach of Chennai city (India
, Tamil Nadu) was brought by the waves which deposited the sand there.
But, what is the reason for the sand that was deposited by the sea
waves to be found now above sea level?
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We cannot think that the sea level has gone down. It is because
the area of the sea is more than that of the land which is only one
fourth. Moreover excluding the continent of Antarctica, all the other
six continents have sandy sea shores on their coastal areas. So, if we
say that the sea level has gone down, it applies to the whole world.
But, speaking about the whole world, there is no reason for the
water level to drop. So, due to the rising of the land that is, the
continents only, the sand deposited by the waves has risen above the
sea level.
For example, Hawaii Islands are situated in the center of the
Pacific Ocean. Originally these islands were volcanoes in the sea bed
and later rose up above the sea level. On the southern side of the
Hawaiian island is filled with green colored sand. It is because, it
is formed with an elementcalled Olivine. Usually Olivine is found in
the sea bed rock, basalt.
While the island of Hawaii rose up from the sea, as the sea waves
eroded the basalt rock, the Olivine green sand also rose upward above
sea level and formed the green colored sea shore. Similarly in the
area where volcanic mountain rocks are found on the Hawaii Island,
black colored sea shore sand is seen.
As the sand brought by the sea waves and deposited at the bottom
of the sea is seen above the sea level, we can come to a conclusion
that the Hawaii Island has only risen. We cannot take a decision that
the Pacific Oceans level has gone down. Similarly the sand found on
the Marina has also been brought by the sea waves and deposited at the
bottom of the sea. But, the reason for the sand to be found above the
sea level is that the land has risen up.
Similarly, when large areas of land like islands and continents rise,
earthquakes occur.
(12)Sea lion, a scientific mystery
Last year ,prince of Monaco visited Russia, where the regional
governor in Russia has gifted him with a pair of rare kind of sea lion
commonly called as nerpaat present the Russian seals called as
nerpa living only in the land locked Baikal lake, which is
situated at the center of the Asian continent. *[23]
Seals are generally living in the coastal area. DNA test has
showed that the ancestors of this Russian seals were the ringed
seals which is now living in the northern sea.
Therefore the question is how could the ancestors of the Russian
seals reached the land locked Baikal Lake which is situated at the
center of the Asian continent, hundreds of miles away from the
northern sea?
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When ground was dug to lay the foundation for the construction of
a building in the city of Urumki in China, at two meter depth rocks
were located. On it, black colored small and large fossils of fishes
ranging from 6 centimeters to 20 centimeters and looking like painting
were found. Though they were black in color, the scales, fins and tail
were clearly embedded.
When the researchers reveled that these fishes lived in the seas
200 million years ago, the people of the city were awe struck.
The reason is that, this city has no connection with the sea.
This place is situated 2500 kilometers on the west of Pacific Ocean,
3400 kilometers on the south of Arctic Ocean, 6900 kilometers on the
east of Atlantic Ocean and 2200 kilometers on the north of Indian
Ocean ! .*[24] .
(13) Land is rising
Rising of some section of land formed the Grand Canyon valley
The Grand Canyon is a structure, formed by layers of rocky plates
is one of the wonders of the world and was formed below the sea and
has risen up.
In the beginning when the earth was a planet made of molten rock,
the upper layers slowly cooled and in different layers sedimentary
rocks were formed.
During very cold season, pipes that bring drinking water burst
due to the freezing of the water inside them. It is because when water
freezes, it expands and takes up more space.
In the same way when the molten rock cools, its thickness
increases. Moreover, as the density of the rocks is lesser than the
molten rock, they rise upwards.
At the same time, they expand and occupy more area. The Grand
Canyon is formed by such sedimentary rocks which rose up and expanded.
Below the sea at 3000 meters depth and in the center of the sea also,
structures like the Grand Canyon are found.
The Grand Canyon in North America has in it the fossils ofTrilobite, sea shells and snails, which shows us that this land
surface of the Grand Canyon has risen from below the sea.
When a part of the land rises, there are land-slides in the
surrounding areas in which the living things of the sea get buried.
Later, when these portions of the land rise above the sea level, due
to land-slides the fossils get exposed.
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(14)Tremors on the Moon
One more proof for stating that earth quakes occur due to the
rising of the land are the tremors that occur on the moon.
There are no continents on the moon. But, there are mountains,elevations and craters on the moon. Moreover moon quakes occur on the
moon. Stating that the movement of the land only causes quakes is
incorrect, because there are no continents on the moon. Hence, the
rising of the land is the primary cause for earthquakes to occur.
Mountains formed by sedimentary rocks. Valleys and rocks are
found on the planet, Mars too. But, there is no water in Mars. The
truth that we understand from this is that, these sedimentary rocks
are not formed by deposits of sediments. Instead, they have been
formed by the gradual cooling of the molten material inside the earth
and rise upwards.
(15) The Himalayas existed even before the so called India s
collision.
It was believed that the Himalayas originated 55 million years
ago. Researcher Wagner had stated that the Himalayas were formed 55
million years ago only due to the collision of the Indian continent
with the continent of Asia is noteworthy.
It should be noted that the fossils of sea animal called as
trilobite which lived 500 million years ago also found on the
Himalaya. Which indicate that the Himalaya was formed 500 million
years ago?
Therefore the so called collision of India which is said to be
took place 50 million years ago caused the formation of the Himalaya
is not correct.
When the continental plates collide with each other, mountains
are supposed to be formed. As the continental plates move only a few
centimeters per year, it was believed that mountains grew very slowly,
but Dr. Carmala Garzione a researcher belonging to the University of
Rochester has found out that, the Andes mountain range in South
America is growing very fast.*[25]
By observing the amount of rocky deposits which had undergonechemical reaction due to the isotope oxygen 18, and calculating the
period during which it was formed, it could be predicted when and how
fast a mountain had grown. The research conducted based on this showed
that, the Andes mountain range had grown very fast 10 million and 7
million years ago.
On this basis, Carmala Garzione surmised that the growth of
mountains does not depend on the movement of the continents but should
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be based on something else. Similarly the Sierra Nevada Mountain in
North America is also growing very fast.
(16)The Islands of Indonesia are continuously rising
Soon after Tsunami, which killed more than two and a half lakhsof people and had originated from the island, Sumatra, it was found
out that, after the earthquake the north western part of the island
simeulue, which was in that region had risen about three feet high
above sea level.
On account of this, a new shore had formed on the north western
part of the island. In addition to that; the sea sponges which were on
the sea bed were visible above the sea level!
Three months after the earthquake on 26th December, 2004, another
quake occurred on 28th March 2005 after which simeulue was found to be
four feet above sea level. Apart from this, for an area of about threehundred kilometers, sea sponges which are normally found below the sea
could be seen from all visible areas!*[26]
Why did the island rise four feet above sea level?
As the molten rock keeps cooling gradually, the rocky plates that
are formed at different levels are of less thickness and density and
they keep rising continuously.
The main reason is that, when the molten rock cools, the water
and hot gases get released and the rocky plates that are formed are of
lesser thickness than the magma in which they formed.
Water has a higher density and the ice cubes formed from it have
a lower density and they tend to float on water Likewise, the molten
rock material which has a higher density produces rocky plates which
have a lower density and these move above sea level and form islands.
When new plates are produced by the molten rock material, they
start moving upwards thereby pushing the plates which were already
formed. The plates suddenly start rising upwards due to intense
pressure.
Similar to the ripples that are formed and expanded when a plate
of water is hit at the centre from below with a finger, when theisland simeulue, which was found in the central part of the Indian
Ocean suddenly rose up, the water was pushed aside in all directions
and only this resulted in Tsunami.
The frequent occurrences of earthquakes and Tsunami in Indonesia
are only due to the sudden rising of the islands.
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But, the geologists have come up with a different explanation for
the earthquakes which occur there. They say that, about six and a half
crores of years ago, India was an island on the southern part of the
equator. It moved slowly towards north and collided with Asia about
five crores of years ago and it is still continuing its movement.
The geologists also opine that due to this movement, when theindo-Australian plate suddenly went below the Burmese plate on
December 26th, 2004, an earthquake occurred. There is no truth in what
they say because even six and a half crores of years ago India had
been part of Asia in the same place as it is found now.
The fossils of mammals which lived in Asia six and a half years
ago have been excavated in the form of bones by Professor Ashok Sahani
of Punjab University and Professor G.V.R. Prasad of Jammu University
in the village of Naskal at Andhra Pradesh and they prove that the
above statement is true.*[27]
So, as per the researchers opinion, India had not been an islandon the southern part of the equator about six and a half crores of
years ago.
So, it is proved that even six and a half crores of years ago
India had been part of Asia in the same place as it is found now and
is not moving in the north eastern direction.
Therefore the indo-Australian plate did not go suddenly below the
Burmese plate. So the earth quakes on 26 -12 -2004 and 28 3 -2005
and the Tsunami are only the result of the rising of the island,
simeulue, above its original level.
(17)Rising of the earths crust is responsible for producing
earthquakes,
Earthquake is caused due to the movement of the land is a myth.
The most important thing that is missing in this view is that
there is no explanation for why earthquake occurs in the centre of the
land instead of the peripheral area. Actually the land is rising in
different places. This is the reason why earthquakes occur only in the
central parts of the land.
To be specific, after an earthquake occurred on September 30th of
1993, in the village named Killari, it was found that the land hadrisen about three feet in height. This shows that the rise of the land
is the cause of the earthquake.
Reasons for the Rise of the Earths Crust
On September 30th 1993, the earthquake that hit the village,
killari, situated in central part of India resulted in the death of
more than eight thousand people and raised the land surface about
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three feet high. This elevation was seen in an area of around two
kilometers.
Why did the earthquake occur?
The quake occurred only in killari, situated in central India and
left two kilometers of land area raised. This proves that theearthquake occurred only due to the rise of the land.
Apart from this, the pictures taken by the satellite before the
quake showed that the temperature of killari had also risen and the
pictures taken after the quake showed it to be normal.*[28]
After the earthquake occurred, on the borders of Andhra and
Karnataka white colored smoke emitted from the ground.
Why did the land rise? Why was the temperature more? Why did the land
emit white colored smoke?
We know that the molten rock material called magma is found
inside the earth as we have seen it coming out through volcanoes. In
the same way, when the molten rock, lava flows on the earths surface,
we can see the condensed steam and other gases in the form of
white colored smoke. As the water and other hot gases are eliminated
as steam, the molten rock cools down and turned in to rock. In the
same way when the molten rock inside the earth starts cooling, water
and other hot gases come out in the form of white smoke. Due to this,
the temperature of the land rises.
Moreover when the molten rock cools and as the water and hot
gases get released, the rocky plates that are formed are of less
thickness.
For example: water has a higher density and the ice cubes formed
from it have a lower density and float on water. Likewise, the molten
rock material which has a higher density produces rocky plates which
have a lower density and move above the level of the molten rock.
In the same way, when new plates are produced by the molten rock
material, they start moving upwards there by pushing the plates which
were already formed. On account of this movement, the edges of the
plates rub against each other thereby causing earthquakes.
For example: in 1356 an earthquake occurred in the city Basel in
Switzerland which is situated in central Europe . In the same city, an
organization which produces electricity using the heat from
underground, drilled two holes of five meters each on the earth in the
year 2006.
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The project was to send cold water through the first hole which
would be changed into steam using the heat of the molten rock and
pushed out through the second hole and by rotating dynamos.
This would be converted into electricity. But, on the eighth day
after the water was sent inside the earth, in the same place, the
Richter scale recorded an earthquake with an intensity of 3.4.*[29]Even if atom bombs are tested underground, earthquakes do not occur.
How could the water which seeped inside produce an earthquake?
This clearly shows that the water which seeped inside the earth cooled
the molten rock which in turn formed new plates that rose up and
caused the earthquake.
Volcanic activity in central Europe.
Vogt land, which is situated in central Europe, had often been
experiencing a number of minor earthquakes. In the same place, a
researcher by the name Dr.Karin brauer collected the bubbles whichcame out along with an underground spring in a marshy area and through
his research, found out that gases were emitted from a volcano.*[30]
Based on his research, he says that when the molten rock rises,
the pressure of the gases increases and this results in the formation
of cracks on rocks which may ultimately result in earthquakes. But for
millions of years in the past, these gases have been coming out of the
earth.
Apart from this, there are spaces for these gases to be
eliminated. We have already seen this fact and the gases do not have
enough pressure to bring about an earthquake.
A few years ago from the mountainous part of Nilgiris in India,
smoke were seen emanating from earth, but fortunately no earthquake
was caused.
Likewise, Matsushiro in central Japan also experienced a number
of mild quakes. To find out the reason for these quakes, a researcher
by the name yoshida collected Water from the hot water springs found
there and through experimentation discovered that the water was from
the molten rock found underground.*[31]
So, she surmises that, The water which is underground comes out
with great pressure and this produces cracks on the rocky plates andthis results in earthquakes.
But, the water and gases which are underground have been
surfacing through the spaces found between the rocky plates for
millions of years in the past
So, the reason for the continuous tremors and the elevation of
land is only due to the slow rising of the rocky plates.
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For example Wyoming found in central part of North America has
more than three hundred hot water springs.
Due to the deposit of sulphur from the water, the rocks in that
area appear yellowish in color. So, the area of hot water springs is
referred to as yellow Stone Park.
Each year that place experiences about two thousand mild tremors.
Between January, 2008 and March 2008, 287 tremors have rocked the
place. Moreover it has been found out through satellite research that
the land area of 60 miles is continuously raising.
To be specific, starting from 2004 till 2006, the land area has
been rising at the rate of 2.8 inches every year and has risen to a
height of seven inches in three years.
It is still rising. But research scholars say that, it is only
the effect of the expansion of the molten rock due to heat.
But the surfacing of the water only shows that the molten rock is
cooling.
So the release of water and the gases from the molten rock
cools the molten rock. This results in the formation of new plates and
the rising in the land level in the central part of the continents and
results in tremors in those areas only.
There will be an earthquake tomorrow.
One week before an earthquake struck the city of haicheng on 30th
February, 1975, on the north eastern part of China, it was officially
announced that a quake would strike the city.
People abandoned their houses and assembled in an open area in
the snow fall. For one week nobody did any work. As announced there
was an earthquake of 7.3 magnitudes which was recorded on the Richter
scale. Two thousand and thirteen people lost their lives.
It was estimated that if precaution had not been taken, the death
toll would have exceeded one and a half lakhs! The whole world looked
at China with surprise and when asked, they said that for the past one
year slight tremors were occurring and they were gradually getting
intensified.
They also explained that, during the previous week there was
tremendous change in the underground water table. But, in the next
year, the earthquake which struck the city of Tang Shan situated in
the north eastern part of China killed two and a half lakhs of people
and severely wounded more than one and a half lakhs of people..
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Chinese geologists said that on this occasion there were no
preceding tremors. During the earthquake in haicheng, sulphur gas and
in Tang Shan carbon-di-oxide were eliminated from underground.
Regarding this incident, Carol Raymond is a geophysicist at
NASA's, said Only if we know how an earthquake is caused, we can warn
about it in advance.
How Does an Earthquake occur?
When the rocky plates under the ground rise and their edges rub
with each other, an earthquake is caused. Moreover, the water and the
gases found between them are under great pressure when these plates
rise and so come above the surface of the earth.
Hence, it is understood that the hot gases and water which come
out of the earth and the temperature changes are the most authentic
warnings of an approaching earthquake.
So, by closely and continuously monitoring the temperaturechanges through satellite observations and finding out the depth and
temperature in which the molten rock is found in a particular place,
the occurrence of an earthquake can be predicted in advance.
Based on it, if precautions are taken, great loss to human life
can be prevented.
our earth is a dead star
(18)Planets formed only in the center of fully burnt up stars
A moon sized diamond in the space.
Researchers have found a moon sized diamond at the center of a
fully burnt up star called BPM37093, *[32]
This fully burnt up star is 50 light years away from the earth.
With the help of earthquake detecting equipment, the research team of
Howard University has discovered this heavenly body made of diamond.
The diameter of the moon is only 2160 miles. But, this diamond
bodys diameter is 2500 miles. Its weight is 5 million trillion
pounds. This diamond crystal is formed with more of carbon and lessamount of oxygen. This diamond body is surrounded by gases.
How was this diamond body formed in the center of a star?
A stars major part is made up of hydrogen and helium gases.
Hydrogen which is more in quantity exerts pressure and in the center
of the star, the lighter hydrogen atoms join with each other and form
slightly heavier helium atoms due to pressure. During this process,
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heat energy is evolved. When the pressure continues to exist, helium
atoms will combine and form neon, carbon, oxygen, silicon, calcium,
magnesium, sodium, sulphur, nickel and iron in the form of gases.
When gases burn in this way, energy is released continuously and
due to this, the amount of gases also gets reduced. When gases get
reduced in the peripheral area, the pressure reduces in the center.So, nuclear fission stops and atoms do not combine with each other.
As the heat production stops, the star starts to cool.
When heat is reduced, water changes to ice, which is a solid. In a
fully burnt up star when heat reduces, the metallic gases mix with
each other and change to the liquid state and become a body of molten
rock.
Similarly, many crores of tons of carbon which was produced by
the star, BPM 37093 was compressed by the gases surrounding it and got
converted to a body of crystalline diamond.
How can this body of diamond be considered as a planet?
Diamond planets in space
A super hot star which emits x-ray radiation, known as Pulsar
1257 + 12 having small planets revolving around it has been
discovered.* (33).
When Alexander wolszczan distinguished professor of astronomy
detected a small planet revolving around a Pulsar star through his
radio telescope, and announced it, his discovery was not immediately
accepted because the very hot x-ray radiation emitted by the Pulsar
star will vaporize even a nearby companion star. So, how can a planet
revolve around such a Pulsar star without getting vaporized? Hence,
nobody paid much attention to wolszczans discovery.
Pulsar stars emit radiation which is many times stronger than that
of the sun. So, even the stars which are near it will get vaporized.
Till now six stars have been identified in such a state.*[34].
The question now was, when the Pulsar star is capable of wilting
even stars, how could planets revolve around it without getting
wilted? During the meeting of International Space Research Center,
held in the city of aspen on 07 02 2005, Dr. Mark kutchner and Dr,Sara seager have stated, Only diamond has the capacity to withstand
immense heat. So, only diamond planets made up of layers of diamond
can withstand the excess radiation of the Pulsar star and can revolve
around it without getting wilted. Hence, the planets that are
revolving around the Pulsar star are the best examples for diamond
planets.*[35].
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Diamonds formed when carbon exposed to excess pressure and
compression. Diamond is formed only at 200 miles depth in earth. The
reason is that only at such a depth there is sufficient pressure to
convert carbon into diamond.
When tremendous pressure is needed for the formation of ordinary
diamond, in order to form a planet sized diamond, crores of tons ofraw material carbon and heat and pressure are needed to convert it
into diamond, All this criteria found only in the center of a burnt up
star which is surrounded by huge amount of gases. This is the reason
why a planet sized diamond has been formed in the center of the burnt
up star, BPM 37093.
One more pulsar planet
Amidst the oldest star group, M 4, nobody expected a planet
M- 4 is 7200 light years away from our earth and comprises of one
lakh stars arranged closely in the form of a spherical structure andin the centre, a planet named Medusa is revolving around two stars
at the same time.
A neutron star is found amidst a group of stars called M 4. A
fully burnt up star revolves around it. A neutron star is formed when
a sun like star explodes. At a distance equal to that of Neptune
revolving around the sun, the planet Medusa is revolving around the
star.
Moreover in a place where there are numerous stars, the heat is
immense and so it is proved that, only because the lighter gases on
the periphery of a star were evaporated, the heavier metallic gases
which could not be evaporated easily, which were formed in its center,
could have joined together and formed this planet.
So, this planet had been a star and once its gases got wilted got
converted into a planet.
Similarly it has been found that a comet like planet which is
revolving around the star HD 149026 has a solid core which is 70 times
the weight of earth. *[36]
Computers Models state that there is a possibility of planets 10
times the weight of the earth only could be formed by accumulation of
dust. When it is so, how could a comet like planet, 70 times of theweight of earth have formed? Hence this planet had been a star whose
gases are being evaporated on account of attracted by a nearby star
A giant comet like planet is revolving around the star HD 209458,
which is 150 light years away from the earth. *[37] .This gaseous
planet which is 220 times larger than our earth is revolving around
its star at a distance of 4 million kilometers once in 3.5 days.
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As this comet like planet called Osiris is revolving around its
star very closely, its atmospheric temperature is at 1395 Kelvin
(earth 250 Kelvin). This intense heat has caused its atmosphere to
expand and form a two lakh kilometer tail from which 10 thousand ton
of hydrogen gas is scattered in space per second. Along with it, a
heavier metallic gas, sodium is also being emitted.
It has been calculated that this comet like planet will soon
reduced into a planet of molten rock with 10 times the weight of the
earth. Recent researches show that the reason for the comet like
planet Osiris to be so large is not because it is revolving around its
star very closely but, due to the excess heat in its center. In the
core of a star only due to nuclear fission heat is generated. Hence,
it is proved by Osiris that stars become comet like planets which
subsequently become planets.
A giant planet? Or is it an intermediate star?
This star which is called HD 168443 is being revolved on anorbit which is very small, by a giant gaseous planet which is 7.7
larger than planet Jupiter.*[38].
Earth is able to revolve around the sun at a distance of 150
million kilo meters once in 365 days. The planet closest to the sun is
planet Mercury. Planet Mercury revolves around the sun at a distance
of 60 million kilo meters once in 88 days.
But, an intermediate planet (smaller than star and bigger than a
planets called as intermediate planet)called, 168443 - B which is
seven times larger than planet Jupiter is revolving around its star at
a distance of 44 million kilo meters once in 58.1 days.
When there is no possibility of planet Jupiter, which is 317
times larger than earth, to be formed by the method of accumulation of
dust, near a star, how could a planet which is 7.7 times larger than
Jupiter is formed at a closer distance where its stars heat radiation
is the maximum?
As if to provide an answer to this question, the very same star
is being revolved around by a super giant gaseous body which is
seventeen times larger than planet Jupiter at a distance of 430
million kilo meters once in 4.8 years.
If a gaseous body is 13 times larger than planet Jupiter itself,
the hydrogen atoms like Deuterium join together and form nuclearfusion which converts the gaseous body into a star.*[38]. It should be
noted that recently Jupiter like climate found on a intermediate
star.*[39, 40, 41]
As these giant gaseous bodies are larger than the planets and
smaller than the stars, these gaseous bodies are called intermediate
stars or Brown Dwarfs.
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As HD168443 is revolved very closely by a giant gaseous planet
and the very same star is also revolved by a super giant gaseous body
at a distance where planets will revolve, it proves that only stars
after their gases get wilted become planets.
* * *
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list of reference
1,Name: Ediacara Assemblage
The Ediacara assemblage was first recognized in Namibia in 1908, ...Fig
1.Map of World, Ediacara assemblage locations denoted by red stars. ...
palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/lagerstatten/Ediacara/location.htm - 11k
- Cached - Similar pages
2Precambrian time (geochronology) :: Ediacaran fossils...
Comparable impressions in the youngest Precambrian sediments have been
found in over 30 localities from every continent except Antarctica .
Ediacaran fossils ...
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/474302/Precambrian-
time/69817/Ediacaran-fossils - 76k - Cached - Similar pages
3.Marine fossils locked in Sichuan mountains _English_Xinhua
17 Sep 2008 ... They were rewarded with the discovery ofmarine fossils in
land locked Sichuan province. The fossils are the remains of ancient sea
life ...news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/17/content_10052338.htm - 18k - Cached
Similar
4,Wrinkle Face" Dinosaur Fossil Found in Africa
2 Jun 2004 ... The fossil skull of a new species of dinosaura wrinkle-
faced carnivore called Rugops primus that lived 95 million years agohas
been found ...
news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/06/0602_040602_ wrinklefacedino. html
- 29k - Cached - Similar pages
5, New dino 'links major landmasses'
Professor Sereno said: "You cannot have very close counterparts on the
other continents unless there was traffic." Story from BBC NEWS: ...dml.cmnh.org/2004Jun/msg00037.html - 6k - Cached - Similar pages
6,BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | New dino 'links major landmasses'
2 Jun 2004 ... Africa broke off from the rest of the super-continent
Gondwana only about 100 million years ago, rather than over 120 million
years ago, as scientists have previously suggested. ... bridges continued
to link the southern continents as recently as 95 million years ago,
Professor Sereno believes. ...
news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3770259.stm - 32k - Cached - Similar
7,New dinosaur rises from fossil bones in India
13 Aug 2003 ... identified from 65 million-year-old bones collected there.
... The team has named the new animal Rajasaurus narmadensis, ...www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/03/030813. rajasaurus.shtml - 8k - Cached -
Similar pages
8,New Dinosaur Species Found in India
"The details of the timing and route of India's northward migration are
not well resolved," said Wilson. "Dinosaurs are good organisms to study
the effects ...
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news.nationalgeographic.co.in/news/2003/08/0812_030812_indiadinosaur_2
.html - 37k - Cached - Similar pages
9,Accuracy of dating using science
The archaeologists think that scientists have severely underestimated the
capabilities, intelligence, and language of homo erectus, and that it is
now time ...www.ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/mar98/0058.html - 6k - Cached
10,&11,First Mariners - National Geographic project 2004
2 Oct 2004 ... His main support derives from the early use of beads, from
art-like productions, ... the construction of the raft, he relaxed the
usual rule that stone tools be used, and allowed the use of parangs
(Indonesian machetes). ...
mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/mariners/web/ng2004.html - 24k - Cached -
12,Erectus Ahoy (Stone Age Voyages)
... disparate regions throughout most of the Stone Age betrays an absence
of cultural traditions in making and using such vital implements, Davidson
says. ...www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1006058/posts - 63k -
13,Fossils reveal New Zealand's indigenous 'mouse' - life - 11 ...
11 Dec 2006 ...It did not swim. It did not fly. It had to waddle, and it
wouldn't have been capable of rafting there." Biogeographer Jonathan
Waters of the ...
www.newscientist.com/article/dn10773-fossils-reveal-new-zealands-
indigenous-mouse.html
14,Dino Fossils Found on Remote South Pacific Island
3 Apr 2006 ...Researchers have unearthed a rare cache of dinosaur bones
on a remote ... Stilwell's team dug up the remains on Chatham Island
(population ...news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/04/0403_060403_ dinosaur.html -
15,BBC News | Sci/Tech | 'Lost continent' discovered
Scientists have discovered the remains of a "lost continent" beneath the
waves of the Indian Ocean. Drilling by the Joides Resolution research
vessel, ...
news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/353277.stm - 19k - Cached - Similar pages
16,Falling Sea Level Upsets Theory of Global Warming
However, a new study has found that sea levels have since fallen by nearly
2.5in and experts at Tuvalu's Meteorological Service in Funafuti, the
islands' ...
www.tmgnow.com/repository/global/sea_level.html - 7k -
17,Quantum - Sea Level
30 Mar 2000 ... 'Startling' because these sea worms can only survive in
the middle of the tidal range. ... And he had an undergraduate student
saying it was 2 metres higher ... Here's an excellent example of the
boundary between the gallaleria and the barnicle one meter above the
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present sea level and dated about ...
www.abc.net.au/quantum/stories/s112352.htm - 15k - Cached- Similar
18,UNE News and Events: NATIONAL SCIENCE WEEK: Sea level changes give ...
19 Aug 2005 ...Scientists at The University of New England who have found
convincing evidence of large, rapid changes in sea levels around the world
in the ...www.une.edu.au/news/archives/000327.html - 19k - Cached- Similar
19,Salar de Uyuni - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1 Dec 2007 ...Salar de Uyuni from space, with Mount Tunupa in the middle.
Relict shorelines visible in the surface salt deposits (lower right of the
...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salar_de_Uyuni - 41k - Cached- Similar pages
20,Press Release - Satellite spies on doomed Antarctic ice shelf...
Hard to believe that 500 billion tonnes of ice sheet has disintegrated in
less than a month." (Satellite Image courtesy of Ted Scambos, National
Snow and ...
www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/press_releases/press_release.php?id=11 -
21,BBC NEWS | Science/Nature |Arctic ice shelfsplits
23 Sep 2003 ... The largest ice shelf in the Arctic has fractured,
releasing nearly all the water from the freshwater lake it dammed.
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3132074.stm - 45k -
22,BBC NEWS | Science/Nature |Arcticdips as global waters rise
15 Jun 2006...Arctic sea level has been falling by a little over 2mm a
year- a movement that sets the region against the global trend of rising
waters. ...
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5076322.stm - 56k -
23,SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Lake BaikalThe BBC's James Rodgers explores the vastness of Russia with a trip to
Lake Baikal.....It remains a mystery how the seals originally came to
Lake Baikal . ...
news.surfwax.com/geography/files/Lake_Baikal.html - 49k -
24,GIS News
At present the Middle East contributes around 1.5 to 2 percent of Satyam's
total .... are found in the city, which is 2500 kilometers to the west of
the Pacific Ocean, 6900 kilometers to the east of Atlantic Ocean, 3400
kilometers to the south of Arctic Ocean and 2200 kilometers to the north
of Indian Ocean. ...
www.gisdevelopment.net/news/2001/may/news210501..htm - 36k -
25,Mountain Ranges Rise Much More Rapidlythan Geologists Expected...
28 May 2008 ...Tectonic Theory May Need Revision in Light of New Study in
Science. Mountains may experience a "growth spurt" that can double their
heights in as little as two to four million yearsseveral times faster
than the prevailing tectonic theory suggests. In today's issue of Science,
Carmala Garzione, ...
www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=3167 - 12k - Cached- Similar
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26,USGS WCMG Field Reports
Busung, Gusong Bay, Simeulue, Indonesia, 8 April 2005. Fishing boats
stranded on reef. Reef uplifted approximately 1.5 meters above presest sea
level from ...
walrus.wr.usgs.gov/news/reportsleg1.html - 35k - Cached- Similar
27,First Cretaceous mammal from India... a wide distribution of these creatures and suggests that the Indian
plate was not isolated from northern continents depsite the geological
evidence. ...
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.332..638P - Similar pages
28,Satellite data reveals pre- earthquake thermal anomalies in...
Satellite data reveals pre-earthquake thermal anomalies in Killari area,.
Maharashtra. S. K. Srivastav, Manoj Dangwal, A. Bhattacharya and P. R.
Reddy ...
www.ias.ac.in/jarch/currsci/72/00000901.pdf - Similar pages
29,Man-made tremor shakes Swiss city ofBasel. - swissinfo
9 Dec 2006...Drilling work for a planned geothermal power plant in Baseltriggered a small earthquake on Friday that caused minor damage to
buildings. ...
www.swissinfo.org/eng/front/detail/Man_made_tremor_shakes_ Basel.html?
siteSect=105&sid=7334248&cKey... - 44k - Cached- Similar pages
30,Signs ofmagmaticactivity in Central Europe observed for the ...
The gas originates from active magma bubbles around 30 kilometres under
the earths surface. Over the last few years scientists have studied
mineral springs ...
www.ufz.de/index.php?en=6141 - 27k - Cached- Similar pages
31,Andesitic Magmatic Water Which Generated Matsushiro Earthquake...
Andesitic Magmatic Water Which Generated Matsushiro Earthquake SwarmAnd SWave Reflector. Authors: Yoshida, N.; Tsukahara, H.; Okusawa, T.
Affiliation: ...
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.V52B0437Y - Similar pages
32,BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Diamondstar thrills astronomers
The cosmic diamond is a chunk of crystallised carbon, 4000 km across, some
50 light- years from the Earth in the constellation Centaurus. ...
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm - 41k - Cached
33,ExtrasolarPlanets May Have DiamondLayers | SpaceRef - Your Space
Any condensed graphite would change into diamondunder the high pressures... Theplanets orbiting the pulsar PSR1257+12 are good candidates for
carbon ...
www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=16092 - 30k -
34,ESA's Integral Observes a Pulsar'eating' a Companion Star...
Gas ripped from the companion fuels the pulsar's acceleration. This is the
sixth pulsar known in such an arrangement, and it represents a 'stepping
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stone' ...
eu.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=17746 - 24k - Cached- Similar
35,SPACE.com -- Diamond Planets: Rich Possibilities for Other Worlds
8 Feb 2005 ... Another set of candidates fordiamond-ladenplanets are the
dark worlds orbiting a dead, fast-spinning star known as PSR 1257+12. ...
www.space.com/scienceastronomy/diamond_planets_050208.html - 59k -
36,Press Release - A Massive-Core Hot Planet is Discovered - Subaru ..
30 Jun 2005 ... The planet has about the samemass as Saturn, ... Cruz
shows that the planet has a core that is 70 times heavier than the mass of
the Earth. ...
subarutelescope.org/Pressrelease/2005/06/30/index.html - 13k -
37,Spacenews] Scientists Discover An Evaporating 'Cometary' Planet ...
12 Mar 2003 ... "This planet looks more like a comet than a planet in the
ultraviolet," said Gilda Ballester, a research scientist at the UA Lunar
and ...
https://katchoo.bogus.net/pipermail/spacenews/2003-March/002140.html -
38,LHS 2397a / LP 732-94
Therefore, stellar companions with less than 13 Jupiter masses would be
defined as planets. Other prominent astronomers, such as San Francisco
State ...
www.solstation.com/stars2/lhs2397a.htm - 16k - Cached- Similar pages
39,Astronomers imageplanet around Sun-like star - space - 15 ...
15 Sep 2008 ... The star is 85% as massive as the Sun but less than 0.1%
its age, ... Alternatively, it may have formed like a stellar companion to
its host star, ... Objects between 13 and 75 Jupiter masses are often
considered to be brown dwarfs . ... If you wouldlike to reuse any content
from New Scientist, ...
www.newscientist.com/article/dn14737-astronomers-image-planet-around-sunlike-star.html - 56k - Cached- Similar pages
40,Astronomers Find Jupiter-Like Weather On Brown Dwarfs
For the first time, researchers have observed planet-like weatheracting
as a major influence on objects outside our solar system, scientists from
UCLA and ...
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/05/020524072411.htm - 53k
41,very cold brown dwarf : a link between stars andplanets...
10 Apr 2008 ...As a result, we now know that there is a complete series
of objects ranging from the hottest stars to the giant planets.
www2.cnrs.fr/en/1207.htm - 40k - Cached- Similar pages
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