Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills
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Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skillsSteffen Gais, Werner Plihal, Ullrich Wagner and Jan Born nature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000
test screen
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skillsSteffen Gais, Werner Plihal, Ullrich Wagner and Jan Born nature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000
“mask” screen
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skillsSteffen Gais, Werner Plihal, Ullrich Wagner and Jan Born nature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000
More negative values are improvements over time
late (REM) sleep interrupted early (SWS)
sleepinterruptedcontrols trained
during the night
trainingsleep tested 12 hours after training
sleep trainingtested 12 hours after training
results. study 1
“early sleep”
“late wake”
“late sleep”
“early wake”
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skillsSteffen Gais, Werner Plihal, Ullrich Wagner and Jan Born nature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000
testing procedures, study 1
Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after trainingRobert Stickgold, LaTanya James and J. Allan Hobsonnature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000
testing procedures, study 2
Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after trainingRobert Stickgold, LaTanya James and J. Allan Hobsonnature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000
results, study 2
cephalopods and intelligence
Loligo forbesiiJA Pechenik (2000)
Biology of the Invertebrates
A, Adult cephalopod brains compared with Jerison's (1969) size classes for higher and lower vertebrate brains. upward pointing triangle Sepia; downward triangle Loligo; 1, Octopus vulgaris; 2. O. salutii; 3, O. defillipi; 4 and 5, oegopsid squids Illex and Todarodes. (Open
symbols from data supplied by Mangold-Wirz.)
B, Growth curves of the brain of the cuttlefish (triangle) (original), octopus (circle) (Packard & Albergoni, 1970) and various fish. (Herring, original; dogfish, Kellicolt, 1908;
other fish Geiger, 1956)
A. Packard (1972) Cephalopods and Fish - the limits of Convergence Biological Reviews, 47: 241-307
segmented nervous systems - annelids and arthropods
Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, (Sinauer Associates)
JA Pechenik (2000)Biology of the Invertebrates
the “chordates”
evolution of one half of the main animal tree
starfish. sea urchins...
acorn worms
sea squirts
lancelets
fish, frogs, reptiles, birds, mammals
Cameron, C.B., B.J. Swalla and J.R. Garey. 2000.Evolution of the chordate body plan: New insights from phylogenetic analysis of deuterostome phyla.PNAS (USA) 97(9): 4469-4474.
http://www.mbl.edu/
Greg and Mary Beth Dimijian
http://www.mbl.edu/
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/index.htm
http://hollandlab.ucsd.edu/intro.htm
presence of a notochord (a stiff rod, also found in sea squirts and cephalochordates)
neural crest cells(cells that migrate from the nervous system during development, they participate in the development of many cell types, such as neurons, glia, cells of the adrenal and thyroid
glands, pigment cells, scales, teeth and many head skeletal tissues, such as the jaw)
caudal (tail) fin
internal skeleton (cartilagenous and/or bone)
liver, kidneys, complex circulatory system
the evolution of the chordates(some features that they all share)
Purdue Research Foundation
http://biomedia.bio.purdue.edu/GenBioLM/GBActPotl/html/neuron_structure.html
formed by "glial" cells -a neural-crest derivative
jawless fishes
lamprey hagfish
www.bahnhof.se/~wizard/cryptoworld/nejonoga.jpg oceanlink.island.net/oinfo/hagfish/hagfish.html
lamprey skull
hagfish skull
typical jawedfish
"skull"
"skull"
notochord
Philippe Janvierhttp://tolweb.org/tree?group=Craniata&contgroup=Chordata
from: Harry J. Jerison (1976),
Paleoneurology and the Evolution of Mind, Scientific American
thanks to: Jim Moore, Anthropology, UCSD
from: S.J. Gould (1977) Ontogeny and Phylogeny
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