E-learning Priciples. 1.Multimedia principle 2.Contiguity principle 3.Modality principle 4.Redundancy principle 5.Coherence principle 6.Personalization.
Post on 28-Dec-2015
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E-learning Priciples
1. Multimedia principle
2. Contiguity principle
3. Modality principle
4. Redundancy principle
5. Coherence principle
6. Personalization principle
7. Segmenting & Pre-training
8. Worked examples
9. Collaborative work
10. User control
11. Interactivity (simulations & games)
Question 1
• Should we pay a graphic designer to create customized graphics for our e-lesson?
Dilemma 1
• Learning is just as effective from good textual explanation as from text plus graphics. The format of information does not make a difference.
• Adding some clip arts to a few screens will make the lesson more interesting and more effective.
• Customized (teacher made) visuals & animations adds appeal and improves learning
1- Multimedia principle
• Use words and graphics rather than words alone
Average download speed
• United States = 5.5
• Germany = 8
• Netherlands = 11
• Sweden = 13
• Japan = 17
• South Korea = 21
Average download speed
• United States = 5.5
• Germany = 8
• Netherlands = 11
• Sweden = 13
• Japan = 17
• South Korea = 21
Average download speed
• United States = 5.5
• Germany = 8
• Netherlands = 11
• Sweden = 13
• Japan = 17
• South Korea = 21
Why?
• Humans have 2 information processing systems
If we use words only we ignore our capacity to also process material in the visual mode.
• The computer screen is our main connection with students, screens filled with text will turn them off right away.
Animation & Static Graphics
• Which one works better?
Question 2
• Where to put text directions?
2- Contiguity principle
• Place corresponding words and graphics near each other
Why?
• When words and pictures are separated from one another , people must use their scarce cognitive resources just to match them up.
• When words and pictures are integrated, people can hold them together in their working memory and therefore, make meaningful connection between them
• Even for environments with high traffic and low bandwidth, they recommend against separation.
Question 3
• Do we need audio while we can have faster and cheaper text versions?
Dilemma
• Providing text allows learner to move at their own pace rather than have to wait for audio to play
• Learning is much better when words are presented in audio narration rather than text
• Everyone can be accommodated by providing words in both text and audio.
3- Modality principle
• Present audio narration rather than onscreen text when you want to explain pictures.
Why?
• When learners are given concurrent graphics and on screen text, both must be initially processed in the visual channel.
• This overloads one channel while the other channel is not used
Question 4
• Should we have both text and audio to accommodate different learning styles?
4- Redundancy principle
• Don’t add on screen text to narrated graphics.
• Consider adding on-screen text in special situations
• There is no pictorial presentation• Ample time to process the pictorial info• Non-native speakers• Accessibility purposes
Why?
• The learning styles view seems to make sense (putting both spoken text and on-screen text for different learning styles)
• However, adding redundant on-screen text could overload the visual channel.
accessibility
• How about accessibility? Well the default should be audio only but they can choose audio off and text on if they want.
• Communicate words in both on-screen text and audio narration to accommodate different learning styles and to meet 508 compliance
• Explain visuals with audio alone to promote best learning • Let the learner select either audio or text as part of the course
introduction.
Question 5
• Should we add excitement to our e-lesson?
Dilemma
• Adding some emotion grabbing elements to narration helps. Adding some music to narration helps
• Less is more for most learner. Don’t distract students
5- Coherence principle
• Adding interesting material can hurt learning
• Avoid e-lessons with extraneous Audio
• Avoid e-lessons with extraneous Graphics
• Avoid e-lessons with extraneous Words
Why?
• There is a distinction between emotional interest and cognitive interest
• There is little evidence that emotion-grabbing adjuncts (seductive details) promote deep learning
Question 6
• Formal or Informal talk?
Dilemma
• A more informal approach plus an agent will lead to better learning.
• A more formal tone will fit the instructor image better, leading to a more credible course
• The tone of voice depends on the learner (male, female, child, adult)
6- Personalization principle
• Use conversational style and virtual coaches
Why?
• People work harder to understand material when they feel they are in a conversation with a partner, rather than simply receiving information
Question 7
• Combine the practical steps and the key concepts together
• Separate the key concepts from the procedure
Principle 7 Segmenting
• Break a continuous lesson into Bite-Size Segments
• Teach key concepts first and then start the procedures and steps
Why?
• Sequencing allows the learner to engage essential processing without overloading the learner’s cognitive system.
End of Part 1
Two kinds of pictures
• Decorative illustrations
• Relevant illustrations
Applications of graphics
1- Facts
• Statement of facts
• Picture of an animals, flowers, buildings, people, monuments,
• Pictures of equipments and devices
• Screen captures
Facts
Picture of an animals, flowers, buildings, people, monuments
what is this
Pictures of equipments and devices
Screen captures
Applications of graphics
2 -Concepts
• Definitions
• Examples
• Non-Examples
• Analogies
Definitions
Examples
Non-Examples
Analogies
Applications of graphics
3- Processes
• Flow Charts
Stages/phases tables/charts
• Animated diagrams
Flow Chart
Animated diagram
Earth-Sun
Summer Winter
• http://kids.msfc.nasa.gov/Earth/Seasons/Seasons.htm
Applications of graphics
4- Procedure
• Step-action tables
• Demonstration
Step action table
Density of Gases
• equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties. Avogadro's number is 6.023 X 1023. It is the number of molecules of any gas present in a volume of 22.41
• Density of gases depends on their molecular weight not the number of molecules per liter.
Demonstration
Applications of graphics
5- Principle
Scientific Laws or Principles
Applications of graphics
• Graphics as advance organizers
• Graphics as topics organizers
• Graphics as lesson interface
Advance Organizer
Table of contentbad example
bad example
Good example
Graphics as lesson interface
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