Drosophila suzukii - University of Florida

Lindsy E. Iglesias M.S. School of Natural Resources & Environment,

Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida

Oscar E. Liburd Professor, Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida

Drosophila suzukii

Matsumura, a potentially

devastating pest in Florida

blueberries: Survey and

trapping studies

Japan 1916 – Identified by Matsumura in 1931

Hawaii 1980 – first in US

California 2008

Washington & Oregon 2009

European countries

Other US states

Florida 2009

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION

US picture with red countries

Family Drosophilidae

“Vinegar flies”

“Fruit flies”

“Pomace flies”

Male

Dark spots on wings

Two bands on forelegs

Female

Serrated ovipositor

No wing spots

SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA (SWD)

Male SWD Female SWD

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Wide host range: strawberry,

blueberry, raspberry, peach,

blackberry, cherry, plums,

mulberry, nectarines, currants,

etc.

Blueberry fruiting period aligns

with moderate climate

conditions favorable for SWD

development

HOST PREFERENCE

Scars on berry upon

insertion of the

ovipositor

BLUEBERRY INJURY

Berry browns and

softens as larvae

develop inside

Updated statewide distribution of SWD and identification of the most effective trap design are necessary to determine:

where to focus monitoring and control programs

optimal program timing

effectiveness of programs

future potential threats to industry

JUSTIFICATION

Objective 1: To determine population

distribution of SWD in the various

blueberry-growing regions of Florida.

Objective 2: To determine the most

effective trap for capturing SWD in the

field.

STUDY OBJECTIVES

15 randomly

selected locations

9 counties

OBJECTIVE 1: SURVEY

Suwannee

Alachua

Putnam

Marion

Citrus

Lake

Orange

Polk

DeSoto

Trap design

0.95 L plastic cup with

yellow band and lid

8- to 10-3.2 mm holes

along upper rim

150 ml Apple Cider Vinegar

(ACV) 2% acetic acid

2 drops of odorless dish

soap

Twist-tie

METHODS

METHODS

4 to 6 traps set on border of

field and within field

Traps serviced weekly for 4 to

11 weeks

February 14 to May 17

Female and male SWD

identified and counted at the

UF IPM Lab

One-way ANOVA analysis with

Tukey’s HSD

MEAN SWD BY COUNTY

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Me

an

SW

D p

er

Tra

p

County from North to South

b

a

d d cd

bc

d

bcd

cd

P < 0.05

MEAN FEMALE AND MALE SWD BY COUNTY

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Me

an

SW

D p

er

Tra

p

County from North to South

Female

Male

* P < 0.05

*

*

*

*

SWD present in 8 of 9 of the major blueberry producing

counties

High mean SWD in Citrus likely due to high number of

blueberry growing acres

Low mean SWD in DeSoto suggests higher temperatures

early in the year may help prevent establishment

Higher numbers of females in Alachua, Citrus, Orange,

and Putnam suggest counting males may not provide

accurate estimate of total SWD population

FINDINGS

Two experiments

1. Alachua County - Jan 25 to Apr 10

2. Citrus County - Apr 19 to May 9

RCBD 5 treatments, 4 replicates

Traps serviced and rotated

weekly

Female and Male SWD identified

and counted at UF IPM Lab

Data analyzed with one-way

ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD

OBJECTIVE 2: TRAP STUDY

Trap Treatments

METHODS

A B+yel C+soap D+card Control

MEAN SWD BY TREATMENT

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Treatment

Experiment 2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Me

an

SW

D p

er

Re

plica

te

Treatment

Experiment 1

P < 0.05

b

a

a

a

a ab

a

c

ab

b

MEAN FEMALE AND MALE SWD BY TREATMENT

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Me

an

SW

D C

olle

cte

d p

er

Tra

p

Experiment 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 Experiment 2

F

M

*

*

Treatment

* P < 0.05

FINDINGS

Control captured least SWD and would not be

recommended for monitoring of SWD

Only D+card performed significantly different than A

and only in experiment 1, suggesting stimulus nor

soap affected SWD capture

No difference in female and male in experiment 2,

significantly greater females in A and B+yel in

experiment 1

Male populations establish later in the season????

Monitoring programs should be implemented and

maintained in areas where SWD is present

Female and male SWD should be identified for a

more accurate estimate of SWD, especially early

in the season

Cost and labor of constructing and maintaining

various cup traps should be considered when

determining best trap for program

CONCLUDING REMARKS

All participating growers

UF Research Centers

Blueberry Growers

Association

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

UF Fruit & Vegetable IPM Lab

Elke Weibelzahl

Janine Razze

Sara Brennan

Ruohan Li

Elena Rhodes

Teresia Nyoike

Nicole Benda

Tamika Garrick

Photo courtesy of E. Rhodes