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Drinking Water Management System
Kyogle Council
December 2012
viridis.net.au
Drinking Water Management System
Kyogle Council
Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 49 129 185 271 GPO Box 135 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia Tel: 1300 799 310 Fax: 1300 799 350 Web: www.viridis.net.au
Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Drinking Water Management System - Kyogle Council, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.
© Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd 2012
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07-R89-1.0 i December 2012
Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.� Commitment to Drinking Water Quality Management .................................................. 3�
1.1.� Drinking Water Quality Policy .................................................................................. 3�
1.2.� Regulatory and Formal Requirements ..................................................................... 4�
1.3.� Engagement ............................................................................................................ 4�
1.3.1.� Employee Responsibilities .......................................................................... 4�
1.3.2.� Communication with employees ................................................................. 4�
1.3.3.� Identifying and Communicating Regulatory Changes ................................. 5�
1.3.4.� Engaging Stakeholders ............................................................................... 5�
2.� Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System ...................................................... 7�
2.1.� System Analysis ...................................................................................................... 7�
2.2.� Assessment of Water Quality Data .......................................................................... 7�
2.3.� Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ............................................................ 7�
2.3.1.� Assessment of Risks .................................................................................. 8�
2.3.2.� Methodology ............................................................................................... 8�
2.3.3.� Inherent Risk ............................................................................................. 10�
2.3.4.� Maximum Risk .......................................................................................... 11�
2.3.5.� Residual Risk ............................................................................................ 11�
2.3.6.� Uncertainty ................................................................................................ 11�
3.� Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management ................................. 12�
3.1.� Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers ........................................................... 12�
3.2.� Critical Control Points ............................................................................................ 12�
4.� Operational Procedures and Process Control ............................................................ 15�
4.1.� Operational Procedures ......................................................................................... 15�
4.2.� Operational Monitoring .......................................................................................... 15�
4.3.� Corrective Action ................................................................................................... 15�
4.4.� Equipment Capability and Maintenance ................................................................ 16�
4.5.� Materials and Chemicals ....................................................................................... 16�
5.� Verification of Drinking Water Quality ......................................................................... 17�
5.1.� Drinking Water Quality Monitoring ......................................................................... 17�
5.2.� Consumer Satisfaction ........................................................................................... 18�
5.3.� Short-term Evaluation of Results ........................................................................... 18�
5.4.� Corrective Action ................................................................................................... 18�
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07-R89-1.0 ii December 2012
6.� Management of Incidents and Emergencies ............................................................... 19�
6.1.� Communication ...................................................................................................... 19�
6.2.� Incident and Emergency Response Protocols ....................................................... 19�
7.� Employee Awareness and Training .............................................................................. 21�
7.1.� Employee Awareness and Involvement ................................................................. 21�
7.2.� Employee Training ................................................................................................. 21�
8.� Community Involvement and Awareness .................................................................... 22�
8.1.� Community Consultation ........................................................................................ 22�
8.2.� Community Education ............................................................................................ 22�
8.3.� Consumer Feedback and Water Quality Complaints ............................................. 22�
9.� Research and Development .......................................................................................... 24�
9.1.� Investigative Studies and Research Monitoring ..................................................... 24�
9.2.� Validation of Processes ......................................................................................... 24�
9.3.� Design of Equipment ............................................................................................. 25�
10.�Documentation and Reporting ...................................................................................... 26�
10.1.� Management of Documentation and Records ....................................................... 26�
10.2.� Monitoring and Reporting ...................................................................................... 26�
11.�Evaluation and Audit ..................................................................................................... 27�
11.1.� Long-term Evaluation of Results ............................................................................ 27�
11.2.� Audit of Drinking Water Quality Management System ........................................... 27�
12.�Review and Continual Improvement ............................................................................ 28�
12.1.� Review by Senior Executive .................................................................................. 28�
12.2.� Drinking Water Management System Improvement Plan ...................................... 28�
13.�References ...................................................................................................................... 29�
Appendices Appendix A Risk Assessment Workshop Report ..................................................................... A
Appendix B Drinking Water Quality Policy ............................................................................... B
Appendix C Legal and Other Requirements Register .............................................................. C
Appendix D CCP Procedures .................................................................................................. D
Appendix E Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan ....................................................... E
Appendix F Improvement Plan ................................................................................................ F
Appendix G Awareness Training .............................................................................................. G
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07-R89-1.0 iii December 2012
Figures
Figure 1 Kyogle Council Local Government Area ..................................................................... 1�Figure 2 Water Supply Service Organisational Structure ......................................................... 4�Figure 3 Critical Control Point Decision Tree .......................................................................... 13�
Tables
Table 1 Water Service Summary .............................................................................................. 2�Table 2 Kyogle Council Planning Documents ........................................................................... 3�Table 3 Stakeholder Summary ................................................................................................. 5�Table 4 Risk Matrix ................................................................................................................... 9�Table 5 Consequence Descriptors ............................................................................................ 9�Table 6 Likelihood Descriptors ................................................................................................ 10�Table 7 Uncertainty Descriptors .............................................................................................. 10�Table 8 Critical Control Point Monitoring ................................................................................ 14�Table 9 Operational Procedures ............................................................................................. 15�Table 10 Chemical suppliers ................................................................................................... 16�Table 11 NSW Health monitoring locations ............................................................................ 17�Table 12 External Emergency Contacts ................................................................................. 19�Table 13 Emergency Services ................................................................................................ 20�Table 14 Validation summary ................................................................................................. 25�
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07-R89-1.0 iv December 2012
Document History and Status
Revision Date issued Approved by Date approved Revision type
0.1 29/10/2012 K Pither 29/10/2012 Draft to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G Kennet 23/11/2012 Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final
Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Karen Pither Name of client: Kyogle Council
Name of project: Drinking Water Management System Name of document: Kyogle Council Document number R89 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07
Introduction
12NS07-R89-1.0 1 December 2012
Introduction This Drinking Water Quality Management System (DWMS) for the Kyogle Council drinking water supply scheme has been developed in accordance with the twelve elements of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) and with reference to the NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems (Draft – 2012).
This DWMS contains or references all policies, procedures and registers, as supporting documents and appendices that are required to meet the Public Health Act 2010 requirement for drinking water suppliers to develop and implement a quality assurance program to maintain drinking water quality.
Kyogle Council
Kyogle is located 758 km north of Sydney, 32 km north of Casino, 184 km south of Brisbane and 60 metres above sea level on the Richmond River at the base of Fairy Mount. Figure 1 provides an overview of the Kyogle Local Government Area (LGA).
Figure 1 Kyogle Council Local Government Area
The Council area is 3,589 sq km and is surrounded by the NSW / Queensland border to the north, Tenterfield Shire to the west, Clarence Valley on the south, Richmond Valley, Lismore and Tweed on the east. Kyogle is the largest population centre in the LGA. Other villages include Woodenbong, Wiangaree, Bonalbo, Old Bonalbo, Tabulam, Mallanganee, Mummulgum, Cawongla, Homeleigh, Wadeville and Barkersvale. Urbenville is a village located in the adjoining Tenterfield Shire, which provides facilities for Kyogle LGA residents in that area.
Kyogle Council operates three water supplies servicing around four thousand people in the township of Kyogle and the villages of Bonalbo and Woodenbong, and the aboriginal community of Muli Muli. Detailed descriptions and diagrams of the schemes, treatment plants and distributions systems are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report (Appendix A).
Introduction
12NS07-R89-1.0 2 December 2012
Table 1 provides a brief overview of the Kyogle Council service.
Table 1 Water Service Summary
Service Description Details
Local Water Utility Name and Contact Details Kyogle Council 1 Stratheden Street Kyogle NSW 2474 Tel: (02) 6632 1611 Fax: (02) 6632 2228
Schemes that the DWMS refers to Kyogle – treatment and supply Bonalbo – treatment and supply Woodenbong/Muli Muli – supply only
Communities served Kyogle Bonalbo Woodenbong Muli Muli
Current Population (2012) 4,000 Future Population (2020) 4,300 Current Connections (2012) Kyogle
• 1209 residential connections • 275 non-residential connections Bonalbo • 165 residential connections • 37 non-residential connections Woondenbong/Muli Muli • 179 residential connections (Kyogle LGA) • 68 non-residential connections (Kyogle LGA)
Current Demand (2010) 530 ML/year Future Demand (2020) 570 ML/year
Scope
This DWMS covers the Kyogle Council water supply scheme; the collection, treatment and distribution of water to Kyogle and Bonalbo and the distribution of water from the Urbenville WTP, owned by Tenterfield Shire Council to the communities of Woodenbong and Muli Muli.
Coverage of this DWMS starts at the receiving point of the Bonalbo and Kyogle catchments and the transfer of water from Tenterfield Shire and finishes at the point of supply of drinking water to customers.
Element 1 - Commitment to Drinking Water Quality
12NS07-R89-1.0 3 December 2012
1. Commitment to Drinking Water Quality Management
1.1. Drinking Water Quality Policy
Kyogle Council has developed a Drinking Water Quality Policy that was adopted by Council in May 2012. The policy outlines Kyogle Council’s commitment to managing its water supply effectively to provide a safe, high-quality drinking water that protects public health and consistently meets the NHMRC/NRMMC Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, and consumer and other regulatory requirements.
A copy of policy is attached (Appendix B), a copy is also available on the Kyogle Council website (www.kyogle.nsw.gov.au).
Table 2 identifies Kyogle Council’s planning documents that are relevant to the DWMS and contain supporting information. These documents are available on the Kyogle Council website.
Table 2 Kyogle Council Planning Documents
Guideline Planning Document Details
NSW Water and Sewerage Strategic Business Planning Guidelines Planning and Reporting Guidelines for Local Government in NSW
• Delivery Program 2012/2016 and Operational Plan 2012/2013
• Community Strategic Plan • Adopted Fees and Charges 2012/2013 • Resourcing Strategy 201213 • Long Term Financial Plan • Workforce Management Strategy • Asset Management Strategy • Core Infrastructure Risk Management Plan • Water Supply Asset Management Plan • Plant and Emergency Equipment Asset
Management Plan • Stormwater and Flood Management Asset
Management Plan
Documentation available on Kyogle Council’s website
Integrated Water Cycle Management Framework and Guidelines NSW Office of Water
Integrated Water Cycle Management Evaluation Study and Strategy Plan
Dated August 2006 Documentation available on Kyogle Council’s website
Internal and Strategic
Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, April 2012 Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant Final Design Report and Operations Manual, Aug 2010 Joint Water Supply Agreement between Kyogle Council and Tenterfield Shire Council for the Urbenville, Muli Muli, Woodenbong Water Supply, Sept 2012
Internal Documents
Element 1 - Commitment to Drinking Water Quality
12NS07-R89-1.0 4 December 2012
1.2. Regulatory and Formal Requirements
Kyogle Council are required to comply with a range of regulatory instruments and guidelines. Kyogle Council ensure compliance with regulation through the Legislative Compliance Policy (November 2007). The Kyogle Council Water Supply Asset Management Plan (May 2012) provides a comprehensive list of legislative requirements. The Legal and Other Requirements Register (Appendix C) summarises the key regulatory requirements for Kyogle Council and how Council complies with those requirements.
Kyogle Council distributes water supplied by Tenterfield Shire to the communities of Woodenbong and Muli Muli under the Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply Joint Water Supply Agreement.
1.3. Engagement
1.3.1. Employee Responsibilities
Those employees within the Organisational Structure depicted in Figure 2, with responsibilities directly related to water quality management have those requirements relevant to their position reflected in their Position Description.
The Drinking Water Policy states that all managers and employees involved in the supply of drinking water are responsible for understanding, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the DWMS.
Figure 2 Water Supply Service Organisational Structure
1.3.2. Communication with employees
Kyogle Council’s drinking water policy contains a commitment to ensuring that all managers involved in the supply of drinking water are responsible for understanding, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the drinking water quality management system.
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Element 1 - Commitment to Drinking Water Quality
12NS07-R89-1.0 5 December 2012
Kyogle Council communicate with staff about drinking water management and their obligations and responsibilities during annual performance reviews, regular meetings and throughout daily operation. All water operations staff attended the risk assessment workshop for the DWMS and are aware of the risk management framework.
1.3.3. Identifying and Communicating Regulatory Changes
It is the responsibility of Kyogle Council to ensure regulatory compliance. Kyogle Council ensure changes to legislation and formal requirements are identified and communicated internally through implementation of the Legislative Compliance Policy that includes roles and responsibilities, identification of current and new or amended legislation, internal notification and reporting of non compliances.
Any changes to this DWMS due to regulatory and formal requirements are to be communicated to relevant managers, employees and contractors.
1.3.4. Engaging Stakeholders
Many aspects of drinking water quality management require involvement with other agencies and stakeholders. Similarly, consultation with relevant health and other regulatory authorities is necessary for establishing many elements of the DWMS, such as monitoring and reporting requirements, emergency response plans and communication strategies. This means establishing two-way communication paths with state government departments, Kyogle Council customers, contractors and other local water utilities.
Table 3 summarises the key stakeholders for the DWMS and how Kyogle Council communicates with them.
Table 3 Stakeholder Summary
Stakeholder Engagement Comments
Tenterfield Shire Council (TSC)
Joint Water Supply Agreement
Communication relating to water supply, quality, disruptions etc.
The Joint Water Supply Agreement has provisions for TSC to inform Kyogle Council if testing indicates that the water produced is failing to meet the potable water standard (Clause 23).
Community/ consumers
Communication relating to water supply, quality, disruptions etc.
Integrated Planning and Reporting process
Kyogle Council consulted with the community during the development of the IWCM Strategy.
The community was consulted in the preparation of the Drinking Water Quality Policy.
Regular consultation is also undertaken as part of the preparation of Operational Plan and annual budgets.
NSW Health NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program
Notifications of water quality issues as per protocols
NSW Health attended Kyogle Council’s DWMS Risk Assessment Workshop
NSW Health provide advice on public health and regulatory issues
Water quality non-conformances are reported to local Public Health Unit
Element 1 - Commitment to Drinking Water Quality
12NS07-R89-1.0 6 December 2012
Stakeholder Engagement Comments
NSW Office of Water (NOW)
Annual performance reporting
NOW attended Kyogle Council’s DWMS Risk Assessment Workshop
NOW provide advice and undertake inspections of treatment plants and water supply systems.
Element 2 - Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System
12NS07-R89-1.0 7 December 2012
2. Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System The assessment of the drinking water supply system is an essential prerequisite for subsequent steps in which effective strategies for prevention and control of hazards are planned and implemented. This includes understanding the characteristics of the drinking water system, what hazards may arise, how these hazards create risks, and the processes and practices that affect drinking water quality. The drinking water supply system is defined as everything from the point of collection of water to the consumer and can include:
• catchments, including groundwater systems • source waters • storage reservoirs and intakes • treatment systems • service reservoirs and distribution systems • consumers
Water quality can be affected at each of these points, and because they are all interrelated, integrated management is essential.
2.1. System Analysis
The Kyogle Council supply system is described the Risk Assessment Workshop Report and the Risk Assessment Briefing Paper, (Appendix A). The scheme description, layout plans and process flow diagrams were reviewed and verified at the risk assessment workshop.
2.2. Assessment of Water Quality Data
A review of historical water quality data can assist in understanding source water characteristics and system performance both over time and following specific events such as heavy rainfall. This can aid the identification of hazards and aspects of the drinking water system that require improvement. Water quality should be reviewed at last annually and used to inform the risk assessment.
Water quality data from routine conditions as well as complaints, exceedences and climatic information have been collected and reviewed. The Risk Assessment Briefing Paper contains graphical representations and summary tables of the data for the scheme, which was utilised in the risk assessment process. This was used to help identify, hazards, hazardous events, and long-term trends in water quality.
The water quality analysis was completed prior to the risk assessment workshop and the results are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report.
2.3. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Hazards and hazardous events are based on:
• information gathered in Section 2.1 – System Analysis • information gathered in Section 2.2.– Assessment of Water Quality Data • hazards added through water treatment or reticulation such as treatment chemicals • operational experience, gathered during the risk workshop
Element 2 - Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System
12NS07-R89-1.0 8 December 2012
2.3.1. Assessment of Risks
The process undertaken for the risk assessment was as follows:
• assembly of the risk assessment team, which was: • multi-disciplinary, including staff from all areas of operations • included at least one member with formal risk assessment training or equivalent
experience or skills, the remaining members of the team received an introduction to the risk assessment process, prior to commencing the risk assessment
• representatives of the constituent councils • in a workshop with the risk assessment team the following steps were undertaken:
• analysis of the process flow diagram, describing processes • review of background information and related work, which included the
characterisation of raw water from all sources • identification of microbial, physical, chemical and radiological hazards and their
sources and assessment of the inherent risk • identification of hazardous events, and limiting hazards, that could occur at each
step in the water supply system, • assessment of maximum risk using the risk methodology • identification of preventive measures and the assessment of residual risk using the
risk methodology • evaluation of significant risks and identification of required further risk treatments • identification of critical control points (CCPs) by assessing each of preventive
measures used to reduce risk using a CCP Decision Tree.
Details of the risk assessment and the risk assessment team are described in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report. Hazardous events that could have an effect on water quality are listed in order of scheme component in the risk register (Risk Assessment Workshop Report).
2.3.2. Methodology
In this risk assessment three different risks were identified:
• Inherent risk – this is the level of risk in Kyogle Council’s raw water sources, Richmond River and Peacock Creek.
• Maximum risk – risk without existing barriers/preventive measures in place. Therefore, maximum risk is the inherent risk plus any additional sources of hazards/ hazardous events due to Kyogle Council’s treatment and /or distribution network.
• Residual risk – the risk after current barriers and preventive measures are taken into consideration.
For this risk assessment a risk that was Medium (8) or greater was deemed to be significant (or unacceptable). Significant maximum risks require adequate risk mitigation to be in place and robust operational procedures. Significant residual risks identify a gap in risk mitigation and require further risk treatments to bring the level of risk down to an acceptable level.
Risk scores were assessed using a likelihood and consequence risk matrix, Table 4. The risk score is the intercept of likelihood and consequence.
Element 2 - Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System
12NS07-R89-1.0 9 December 2012
Table 4 Risk Matrix
Likelihood Consequence
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
Almost certain Medium (6)
High (10)
High (15)
Extreme (20)
Extreme (25)
Likely Medium (5)
Medium (8)
High (12)
High (16)
Extreme (20)
Possible Low (3)
Medium (6)
Medium (9)
High (12)
High (15)
Unlikely Low (2)
Low (4)
Medium (6)
Medium (8)
High (10)
Rare Low (1)
Low (2)
Low (3)
Medium (5)
Medium (6)
In identifying risk the first step is to determine the consequence of the hazardous event. The consequence categories used are defined in Table 5.
Table 5 Consequence Descriptors
Consequence Descriptor Definition
1 Insignificant Isolated exceedence of aesthetic parameter with little or no disruption to normal operation
2 Minor Potential local aesthetic, isolated exceedence of chronic health parameter
3 Moderate Potential widespread aesthetic impact or repeated breach of chronic health parameter
4 Major Potential acute health impact, no declared outbreak expected
5 Catastrophic Potential acute health impact, declared outbreak expected
Following the identification of the consequence the likelihood of that consequence materialising was determined using the likelihood categories defined in Table 6. To assist in the categorisation of hazardous events a unit was considered to be a day e.g. a seasonal event that lasted a week was considered to happen seven times per year would have been defined as possible.
The advantage of using “likelihood of the consequence” approach is that it does not overstate risk. If you were to calculate the likelihood of the hazard occurring it would not be a realistic representation.
Element 2 - Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System
12NS07-R89-1.0 10 December 2012
Table 6 Likelihood Descriptors
Likelihood Descriptor Definition 1 Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances.
E.g. occurs less than or equal to once every 5 years 2 Unlikely Could occur at some time.
E.g. occurs more often than once every 5 years and up to once per year
3 Possible Might occur or should occur at some time. E.g. occurs more often than once per year and up to once a month (12/yr)
4 Likely Will probably occur in most circumstances. E.g. occurs more often than once per month (12/yr) and up to once per week (52/yr)
5 Almost Certain Is expected to occur in most circumstances. E.g. occurs more often than once per week (52/yr)
For each risk assessment the level of uncertainty in the assessment was identified using the definitions in Table 7 as a guide.
Table 7 Uncertainty Descriptors
Level of Uncertainty Descriptor Definition
1 Certain there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been trended and assessed, with at least daily monitoring; or the processes involved are thoroughly understood
2 Confident there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been collated and assessed, with at least weekly monitoring or for the duration of seasonal events; or there is a considerable understanding of the processes involved
3 Reliable there is at least a year of continuous monitoring data available, which has been assessed; or there is a good understanding of the processes involved
4 Estimate there is limited monitoring data available; or There is a reasonable understanding of the processes involved
5 Uncertain there is limited or no monitoring data available; or the processes are not well understood
The results of the risk assessment were recorded in the risk register and is included in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report (Appendix A). Currency of the risk assessment will be maintained by Kyogle Council, the following will trigger a review:
• 12 months follow the last complete review of the risk assessment • a non-compliance or water quality incident • an exceedence of a CCP critical limit.
2.3.3. Inherent Risk
The risks that are present in the system are reflective of the catchment and nature of the treatment processes. These are the risks inherently in the water that need to be managed by Kyogle Council’s infrastructure.
Element 2 - Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System
12NS07-R89-1.0 11 December 2012
2.3.4. Maximum Risk
Maximum risk is the additional inherent risk plus the risks due to hazards introduced by the treatment process and any problems with the system’s integrity. Working out the maximum risk allows operators to identify important preventative measures and barriers.
Full details of the maximum risk assessments are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report. It is the maximum risk that must be managed by Kyogle Council. Maximum risk was assessed for each hazardous event.
2.3.5. Residual Risk
Details of the residual risk assessment are presented in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report.
Residual risk is determined once existing preventive measures and barriers have been applied. Residual risk is the level of risk a particular hazardous event is assessed as posing to the drinking water once the existing preventative measure/s have been applied. Barriers and preventative measures were identified during the risk assessment workshop for identified hazards.
In order to ensure that hazards and hazardous events are managed effectively, measures need to be in place to eliminate or reduce the associated risk. This DWMS addresses this through the implementation of the following:
• identification of significant hazards • assessment of hazardous events that result in significant hazards • formalise preventative measures that manage significant hazards • critical control points - these are points in the system that can be monitored and action
taken, to prevent the process going out of control leading to a non-compliant product, in good time
• improvement actions for unacceptable residual risks
Section 3 discusses preventive measures and barriers in further detail.
2.3.6. Uncertainty
Assessing uncertainty provides an indication of the need to undertake further work or gather more data to ensure that the risk assessment is accurate and reliable. This work can be undertaken prior to the finalisation of the DWMS or at a point in the future, in which case these activities should be reflected in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).
Element 3 – Preventive Measures
12NS07-R89-1.0 12 December 2012
3. Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management
In order to ensure that hazards and hazardous events are managed effectively, measures need to be in place to eliminate or reduce the associated risk. This DWMS addresses this through the implementation of the following:
• Preventive measures that reduce the likelihood of contaminants being at concentration which may cause harm to the consumer.
• Multiple barriers - a series of barriers that ensure contaminants are at an acceptable level.
• Critical control points - these are points in the system that can be monitored and action can be taken to prevent the process going out of control leading to a non-compliant product
3.1. Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers
An important aspect of a drinking water quality management system is a multiple barrier approach to prevent contaminants entering the potable water supply. This DWMS covers the sourcing, treatment, disinfection and distribution of potable water. The barriers that are in place in this component of the water supply system are identified in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report.
3.2. Critical Control Points
In HACCP style quality assurance systems monitoring plays a key role in risk management, but the focus is shifted from reliance on end product compliance testing and verification to targeted operational monitoring and processes.
A critical control point (CCP) is defined as an activity, procedure or process at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level. Not all activities are amenable to selection as critical control points. A critical control point has several operational requirements, including:
• Operational parameters that can be measured and for which critical limits can be set to define the operational effectiveness of the activity (e.g. chlorine residuals for disinfection).
• Operational parameters that can be monitored frequently enough to reveal any failures in a timely manner (online and continuous monitoring is preferable).
• Procedures for corrective action that can be implemented in response to deviation from critical limits.
All preventative measures identified in the risk assessment were assessed using the decision tree identified in Figure 3 to determine if they are CCPs. The CCPs for the Kyogle Council supply system are identified in Table 8, with the critical and alert limits and the monitoring requirements. Procedures for the monitoring of CCPs and the corrective action and reporting required in response to an exceedence of a critical or alert limit and are presented in Appendix D.
Element 3 – Preventive Measures
12NS07-R89-1.0 13 December 2012
Figure 3 Critical Control Point Decision Tree
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Corrective action procedure
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Element 4 – Operational Procedures and Process Control
12NS07-R89-1.0 15 December 2012
4. Operational Procedures and Process Control Operational procedures, monitoring and process control are key components of ensuring that consistent and reliable performance is achieved and maintained. These components create a systematic mechanism for process and product checking that fulfils the quality assurance aspect of this DWMS.
4.1. Operational Procedures
Operational procedures formalise the activities that are essential to ensure the provision of consistently good quality water. Detailed procedures are required for the operation of all processes and activities (both ongoing and periodic), including preventive measures, operational monitoring and verification procedures, and maintenance requirements. Table 9 lists the existing procedures and the reference numbers that relate to this DWMS. Formalised procedures for all operations relating to the Kyogle Council supply system are yet to be developed. Procedures to be developed are identified and prioritised in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).
Table 9 Operational Procedures
Procedure Name Doc Number Date revised
CCP Procedures Appendix D October 2012 Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan Appendix E October 2012 Improvement Plan Appendix F October 2012 Bonalbo (Petrochilos) Dam Operations and Maintenance Manual
N/A December 2011
Bonalbo WTP Final Design Report and Operations Manual
N/A August 2010
Kyogle Filtration Plant Instruction for Operation and Maintenance
N/A N/A
Standard Operational and Emergency Response Procedures for Fluoridation Systems
N/A August 2012
4.2. Operational Monitoring
Operational monitoring includes the planned sequence of measurements and observations to assess and confirm the performance of preventive measures. Measurements are of operational parameters that will indicate whether processes are functioning effectively.
The procedure for operational monitoring is documented in the Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan (Appendix E). Kyogle Council currently undertake the operational monitoring of their system using the Water Quality Log Sheets, that are used to record and review all of the results of the operational monitoring undertaken on a day to day basis
4.3. Corrective Action
Procedures are essential for immediate corrective action required to re-establish process control following failure to meet target criteria or critical limits. The procedures should include instructions on required adjustments, process control changes and additional monitoring. Responsibilities and authorities, including communication and notification requirements, should be clearly identified. Corrective action and reporting requirements for the exceedence of CCP critical or alert limits are identified in the CCP procedures in Appendix D.
Element 4 – Operational Procedures and Process Control
12NS07-R89-1.0 16 December 2012
4.4. Equipment Capability and Maintenance
The capability of equipment is an important consideration in maintaining process control. Equipment and infrastructure in a drinking water supply system need to be adequately designed and of sufficient capacity (size, volume, detention times) to handle all flow rates (peak and otherwise) without limiting performance.
Kyogle Council undertake maintenance of equipment using the Maintenance Checklist. Laboratory equipment used for in-house monitoring is calibrated prior to each use, in accordance with manufacturers specifications.
Kyogle Council have identified the need to formalised procedures for maintenance and calibration, which include preventative maintenance schedules and tracking to improve the ability to audit and manage infrastructure (Improvement Plan – Appendix F).
4.5. Materials and Chemicals
The selection of materials and chemicals used in water systems is an important consideration as they have the potential to adversely affect drinking water quality. Kyogle Council do not have formal procedures for the purchase and use of water treatment chemicals. All chemicals are purchased from regular suppliers that Kyogle Council have determined to be reliable.
A formalised procedure for the purchase and receipt of chemicals will be developed as part of the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).
Table 10 Chemical suppliers
Chemical Supplier Contact
Sodium hypochlorite 13% soln Liquid Caustic 30% soln
Elite Chemicals 1873 Lytton Road Lytton QLD 4178 (07) 3893 7500
Ferric Chloride 40% soln Liquid Aluminium Sulphate 47% soln
Omega Chemicals 20 Industrial Avenue Molendinar QLD 4214 (07) 5539 3499
Sodium Fluoride Powdered Activated Carbon Potassium Permanganate
Redox 2 Swettenham Road Minto NSW 2566 (02) 97333000
Element 5 – Verification of Drinking Water Quality
12NS07-R89-1.0 17 December 2012
5. Verification of Drinking Water Quality Verification of drinking water quality provides an assessment of the overall performance of the system and the ultimate quality of drinking water being supplied to consumers. This incorporates monitoring drinking water quality as well as assessment of consumer satisfaction.
5.1. Drinking Water Quality Monitoring
Drinking water quality monitoring is a wide-ranging assessment of the quality of water in the distribution system and importantly, as supplied to the consumer. It includes regular sampling and testing to assess whether water quality is complying with guideline values, any regulatory requirements or agreed levels of service.
Kyogle Council participate in the NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program, the monitoring locations are identified in Table 11. The results from the NSW Health monitoring program are recorded on the NSW Health Drinking Water Database, which Kyogle Council can access and review.
The weekly microbiological samples are collected by Richmond Water Laboratories (RWL) on Councils behalf, and tested by both the RWL and Lismore Pathology Laboratory operated by the North Coast Area Health Service. Results are sent by e-mail to staff at Kyogle Council, Tenterfield Shire Council, and NSW Health as soon as they are available, and interim results are distributed from the Pathology Lab. . Review of the results are undertaken by the Manager Asset Services:
• after the result of each microbiological sample is reported • annually for trends and water quality implications Table 11 NSW Health monitoring locations
Water Supply Location Details
Kyogle Water Supply Kyogle area water supply reticulation "Hurley Park"
Site ID KG-01-001 - Mount Street Kyogle - Tap adjacent to reservoir, Hurley Park
Kyogle Water Supply Geneva area water supply reticulation "James Street"
Site ID KG-01-002 - 22 James Street Kyogle - House yard tap
Bonalbo Water Supply Bonalbo water supply reticulation "Bonalbo Amenities"
Site ID KG-02-001 - Tap adjacent to the park Bonalbo
Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply
Urbenville village water supply reticulation "Urbenville Park"
Site ID KG-03-001 - Urbenville Park Urbenville - Tap adjacent to the Tenterfield Shire Depot
Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply
Muli Muli community water supply reticulation "Muli Muli"
Site ID KG-03-002 - Muli Muli Community office Muli Muli - Front tap
Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply
Woodenbong village water supply reticulation "Woodenbong Police Station"
Site ID KG-03-003 - Swimming pool Woodenbong - tap adjacent to amenities
Element 5 – Verification of Drinking Water Quality
12NS07-R89-1.0 18 December 2012
5.2. Consumer Satisfaction
Kyogle Council record and respond to consumer water quality complaints and enquires in accordance with the Complaint Handling Policy (February 2006). Kyogle Council maintain a register of complaints which is reviewed regularly. The register was used to inform the risk assessment for the DWMS (Risk Assessment Workshop Report, Appendix A) and will be used to inform future reviews of the DWMS and monitoring plans.
5.3. Short-term Evaluation of Results
Short-term performance evaluation entails the review of drinking water quality monitoring data and consumer satisfaction, to verify that the quality of water supplied to consumers conforms to guideline values. If the quality does not conform, then immediate corrective actions and/or incident and emergency responses are undertaken.
5.4. Corrective Action
If the short-term evaluation of drinking water quality monitoring data indicates non-conformance with guideline values or other requirements, an investigation is undertaken and, if necessary, a corrective action implemented as quickly as possible. Failure to take immediate or effective action may lead to the development of a more serious situation, which could require incident and emergency response protocols to be instituted. Implementation of corrective action could also be required due to operational monitoring to optimise the process.
Element 6 – Management of Incidents and Emergencies
12NS07-R89-1.0 19 December 2012
6. Management of Incidents and Emergencies Considered and controlled responses to incidents or emergencies that can compromise the safety of water quality are essential for protecting public health, as well as maintaining consumer confidence and the organisation’s reputation. Although preventive strategies are intended to prevent incidents and emergency situations from occurring, some events cannot be anticipated or controlled, or have such a low probability of occurring that providing preventive measures would be too costly. For such incidents, there must be an adaptive capability to respond constructively and efficiently.
After public display and stakeholder consultation the Emergency Risk Management Report was adopted by the Local Emergency Management Committee on August 12, 2008 and was referred to the State Emergency Management Committee for endorsement.
Water quality incidents are addressed in the Kyogle Technological Hazard Descriptions, as Infrastructure Failure – Water.
6.1. Communication
Effective communication is vital in managing incidents and emergencies. Clearly defined protocols for both internal and external communications have been established and are outlined in the Kyogle Council DISPLAN (currently under review at time of writing).
6.2. Incident and Emergency Response Protocols
Incident and emergency response protocols are regarded as a priority and are managed in accordance with the Emergency Risk Management Report. Response protocols for Infrastructure Failure – Water require action under the Kyogle Council DISPLAN. Following implementation of the DISPLAN, assessment of the incident and contingency planning is undertaken.
Water quality incidents must be managed in accordance with the following protocols:
• NSW Health Response Protocol – Management of Microbiological Quality • NSW Health Response Protocol - Treatment Failure, Cryptosporidium and Giardia • NSW Health Response Protocol - Management of Physical and Chemical Quality • NSW Water Directorate - Blue Green Algae Management Protocols • NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies
Table 12 identifies the external emergency contacts relevant to water quality incidents.
Table 12 External Emergency Contacts
External Contact Details
Northern Rivers Public Health Unit Environmental Health Officer Mobile 0414 569 516 On call pager 132 222 pager number 314857 Geoff.sullivan@ncahs.health.gov.au
NSW Office of Water Regional Inspector Alstonville Telephone 6627 0110 Mobile 0412 283 768 terry.call@water.nsw.gov.au
Element 6 – Management of Incidents and Emergencies
12NS07-R89-1.0 20 December 2012
The emergency services based the Kyogle Council LGA are identified in Table 13.
Table 13 Emergency Services
Community Service Phone Number
All emergencies Police, Fire, Ambulance 000
Kyogle NSW Ambulance Service
NSW Rural Fire Service
NSW Police
NSW Fire Brigades
State Emergency Service
13 1233
1800 679 737
(02) 6632 1444
(02) 6632 1874
13 2500
Woodenbong NSW Rural Fire Service
NSW Police
1800 679 737
(02) 6635 1244
Bonalbo NSW Police
NSW Ambulance Service
NSW Rural Fire Service
(02) 6665 1144
13 1233
1800 679 737
Tabulam NSW Police
NSW Rural Fire Service
State Emergency Service
(02) 6666 1244
1800 679 737
13 2500
Element 7 – Training
12NS07-R89-1.0 21 December 2012
7. Employee Awareness and Training To ensure drinking water quality is effectively managed all employees need to have an understanding and awareness of the DWMS. Employees need to have appropriate skills and training in all aspects of their job description in order to operate the water supply system.
Kyogle Council ensure the requirements for employee awareness and training are met through the Human Resources Strategy Policy (October 2007).
7.1. Employee Awareness and Involvement
An understanding of drinking water quality management is essential for empowering and motivating employees to make effective decisions. All employees involved in drinking water supply must be aware of:
• Kyogle Council’s drinking water quality policy • characteristics of the water supply system and preventive strategies in place throughout
the system • emergency and incident response procedures • regulatory and legislative requirements • roles and responsibilities of employees and departments • how their actions can impact on water quality and public health
Kyogle Council achieves this through communication and training, which is identified through the annual performance appraisal process. A drinking water awareness training presentation is provided in Appendix G. This presentation will be rolled out to existing staff via toolbox meetings and to new staff during the induction process.
7.2. Employee Training
Employees and contractors must be appropriately skilled and trained in the management and operation of water supply systems, as their actions can have a major impact on drinking water quality and public health.
All relevant staff receive ongoing on-the-job training in order to fulfil their role and additional training needs are identified and addressed during the annual performance appraisal. The annual appraisal includes:
• review of position description • assessment of competencies • review and revise training plan for the following year.
All water operators have a minimum qualification of Cert III in Water Operations. Kyogle Council identify the additional training needs for each team member during the annual performance appraisal. Additional training that should be considered during the annual appraisal include:
• regional Organisation of Councils and Alliance Workshops and Training • NSW Health Workshops • fluoridation courses • NOW Training and Update Seminars • conferences and other seminars
Element 8 – Community Involvement and Awareness
12NS07-R89-1.0 22 December 2012
8. Community Involvement and Awareness Community consultation, involvement and awareness can have a major impact on public confidence in the water supply and the organisation’s reputation. A communication program is a long-term commitment, including both consultation and education, and should be designed to provide an active, two-way exchange of information. This will help to ensure that the needs and expectations of consumers are understood and are being satisfied.
Kyogle Council has prepared a Community Strategic Plan under the Strategic Business Planning process and an Integrated Water Cycle Management Evaluation Study and Strategy Plan that include processes for engaging with the community.
8.1. Community Consultation
Decisions on drinking water quality made by a drinking water supplier and the relevant regulatory authorities must be aligned with the needs and expectations of consumers. Therefore, the community and appropriate industry sectors should be consulted and involved during decision-making processes. Kyogle Council encourages community consultation through a range of mediums, including:
• customer service team • newsletters • ratepayer surveys • public meetings • targeted consultation with community groups • media coverage • councillor workshops
Council newsletters and planning reports are made publicly available through the website.
8.2. Community Education
Effective communication to increase community awareness and knowledge of drinking water quality issues and the various areas of responsibility is essential. Communication helps consumers to understand and contribute to decisions about the service provided by a drinking water supplier. A thorough understanding of the diversity of views held by individuals in the community is necessary to satisfy community expectations.
Kyogle Council communicates potential water quality issues due to the public in a variety of ways depending on the severity and scope of the issue. Methods for communicating with customers include:
• local radio announcement • Kyogle Council website • letter box drop • customer service team
8.3. Consumer Feedback and Water Quality Complaints
Kyogle Council have developed a Complaints Handling Policy (February 2006) provides clear guidelines for the management of complaints to ensure all complaints are dealt with on a prompt and equitable basis. The Complaints Handling Policy contains the procedure for managing complaints and conducting internal and external review of complaints.
Element 8 – Community Involvement and Awareness
12NS07-R89-1.0 23 December 2012
Water quality complaints and consumer feedback are tracked as required for the NOW Performance Reporting form. Customer requests and complaints are recorded in Councils document management system, DataWorks. The DataWorks system is then linked to an external database that tracks actions and response times, as well as providing reports and statistics.
Element 9 – Research and Development
12NS07-R89-1.0 24 December 2012
9. Research and Development A corporate commitment to conduct and participate in research and development activities on drinking water quality issues is important. Such a commitment helps to ensure continual improvement and the ongoing capability to meet drinking water quality requirements.
9.1. Investigative Studies and Research Monitoring
Investigative studies and research monitoring include strategic programs designed to increase understanding of a water supply system, to identify and characterise potential hazards, and to fill gaps in knowledge. Improved understanding of the factors affecting water quality characteristics allows suppliers to anticipate periods of poor water quality and respond to them in an effective way.
Kyogle Council undertake a broad range of research and investigation in relation to water quality issues. Recent investigations include:
• Urbenville, Woodenbong & Muli Muli Water Supply Augmentation Delivery Main Asset Report, 2001.
• Urbenville, Woodenbong and Muli Muli Water Supply Options Development Report, 2003.
• Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant Final Design Report and Operations Manual (Draft), 2010 • Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, 2010. • Bonalbo Long Term Water Supply and Drought Strategy, 2005
The risk assessment and the DWMS development process has identified additional actions to investigate water quality or improve knowledge to the system, which will have been captured in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F). In addition to actions identified in the Improvement Plan, an assessment of uncertainty was completed during the risk assessment. Identifying areas of uncertainty, investigative studies can target these areas to improve decision-making during the risk assessment.
9.2. Validation of Processes
Validation involves evaluating scientific and technical information available on processes and then undertaking investigations, where necessary, to validate system-specific operational procedures, critical limits and target criteria. The aim of process validation is to ensure effective operation and control.
Kyogle Council continuously monitors the water supply system to validate the on-going performance. Table 14 summarises the ways in which Kyogle Council validate their system.
Element 9 – Research and Development
12NS07-R89-1.0 25 December 2012
Table 14 Validation summary
Scheme Component Validation Effectiveness of preventative measures Operational monitoring
Regular review of results Critical limits and corrective actions Operational monitoring
Regular review of results CCP reporting Verification monitoring
Reticulation system controls Verification monitoring Whole of system Risk assessment process
DWMS development Regular review Audit processes
Both treatment plants, Bonalbo and Kyogle have been designed to ensure an adequate C.t. (concentration x time) is achieved for disinfection. The Bonalbo WTP is designed so that the clear water tank can only be drawn down to a predefined level, to ensure a 30 minute contact time (C.t.). The Kyogle WTP maintains a C.t. of 45 minutes based on tank volume and flow rates.
9.3. Design of Equipment
The selection and design of new equipment and infrastructure must be validated. Validation is also required to confirm design changes necessary to improve plant performance and control systems. To fulfil this requirement all new equipment installed is thoroughly validated. Validation details are identified during the design and commissioning process, as appropriate.
Element 10 – Documentation and Reporting
12NS07-R89-1.0 26 December 2012
10. Documentation and Reporting Appropriate documentation provides the foundation for the establishment and maintenance of effective drinking water quality management systems. Documentation should:
• demonstrate that a systematic approach is established and is implemented effectively • develop and protect the organisation’s knowledge base • provide an accountability mechanism and tool • facilitate review and audits by providing written evidence of the system • establish due diligence and credibility
10.1. Management of Documentation and Records
This DWMS identifies all documents and records that are required for the management of drinking water quality. Kyogle Council’s Record Management Plan (December 2008) identifies the policy for record keeping, including relevant legislation, standards and contacts. The purpose of the Record Management Plan is to ensure that full and accurate records of all activities and decisions of the Council are created, managed and retained or disposed of appropriately, and in accordance with relevant legislation.
10.2. Monitoring and Reporting
Kyogle Council monitor water quality performance in accordance with statutory requirements and as outlined in this DWMS.
Reporting includes the internal and external reporting of activities pertinent to the implementation and performance of drinking water quality management.
External reporting is undertaken when required by legislation and includes • NSW Health compliance reporting • Annual reporting under the Local Government Act 1993 (NSW) • NOW Water supply and sewerage performance and benchmarking reporting • State of the Environment reporting
Element 11 – Evaluation and Audit
12NS07-R89-1.0 27 December 2012
11. Evaluation and Audit Long-term evaluation of drinking water quality results and audit of drinking water quality management are required to determine whether preventive strategies are effective and whether they are being implemented appropriately. These reviews enable performance to be measured against objectives and help to identify opportunities for improvement.
11.1. Long-term Evaluation of Results
Water quality has been assessed as part of the risk assessment process and will continue to be reviewed on an annual basis and prior to the annual review of the Improvement Plan, budgeting process and strategic planning process. The long-term evaluation of results will include:
• critical control point performance • water quality data results • levels of service, including customer complaints
Reviews should take into consideration the requirements of the ADWG, levels of service, NSW Water Supply and Sewerage Performance Monitoring Reports.
11.2. Audit of Drinking Water Quality Management System
Auditing is the systematic evaluation of activities and processes to confirm that objectives are being met. It includes assessment of the implementation and capability of management systems. Auditing provides valuable information on those aspects of the system that are effective, as well as identifying opportunities for improvement.
Internal and external reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements to be developed by NSW Health. The requirements for undertaking audits of the DWMS will be captured in a formalised procedure as identified in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F).
Internal audits should address:
• implementation of CCPs and responses to exceedences • operational control • progress against the Improvement Plan • record keeping • data collection and management, including NOW performance reporting requirements • compliance with the Fluoridation Act, Regulation and Codes of Practice.
External audits must be undertaken by independent auditors that are approved by NSW Health. Components of the DWMS will also be audited by NOW inspectors and NSW Health officers.
Element 12 – Review and Continual Improvement
12NS07-R89-1.0 28 December 2012
12. Review and Continual Improvement This DWMS will be reviewed annually to ensure management systems are effective and reflective of the drinking water supply system.
All management systems should be reviewed in accordance with the requirements of the Strategic Business Planning process,
12.1. Review by Senior Executive
Senior executive support, commitment and ongoing involvement are essential to the continual improvement of the organisation’s activities relating to drinking water quality. Senior executive should regularly review its approach to drinking water quality management, develop action plans and commit the resources necessary to improve operational processes and overall drinking water quality performance.
In order to ensure continual improvement the management review team will review the following, at least annually:
• audit reports • drinking water quality performance • previous management reviews • customer complaints • regulator and Stakeholder feedback • drinking water policy • changes to legislation, expectations and requirements • changes in the activities of the organisation • advances in science and technology • outcomes of drinking water quality incidents and emergencies • reporting and communication
Records of the review will be documented.
12.2. Drinking Water Management System Improvement Plan
An Improvement Plan has been developed to ensure continual improvement and is attached in Appendix F.
The Improvement Plan will be updated based on internal and external audit results, non-conformances and incident and emergency feedback.
Progress against the Improvement Plan will be monitored by the Manager Asset Services every six months.
References
12NS07-R89-1.0 29 December 2012
13. References Cardno MBK 2001, Urbenville, Woodenbong & Muli Muli Water Supply Augmentation Delivery Main Asset Report, Department of Land & Water Conservation and Tenterfield Shire Council and Kyogle Council, QLD.
Echelon Australia 2008, Emergency Risk Management Report, Kyogle Council, Local Emergency Management Committee, Kyogle NSW.
Kyogle Council 2010, Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant Final Desin Report and Operations Manual (Draft), Kyogle Council, NSW.
Kyogle Council 2008, Emergency Risk Management Report, Local Emergency Management Committee, Kyogle, NSW.
Kyogle Council 2012, Water Supply Asset Management Plan, Kyogle Council, Kyogle NSW.
MWH 2010, Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, Kyogle Council, New South Wales.
National Health & Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2004. National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. 6th Ed. Australia: NHMRC & NRMMC.
New South Wales Government, Department of Commerce 2003, Urbenville, Woodenbong and Muli Muli Water Supply Options Development Report, Ministry of Energy and Utilities Tenterfield Shire Council Kyogle Council, Sydney NSW.
New South Wales Department of Commerce 2005 Bonalbo Long Term Water Supply and Drought Strategy, Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability and Kyogle Council, NSW
New South Wales Government 2004, Integrated Water Cycle Management Guidelines for NSW Local Water Utilities, Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability, Sydney, NSW.
New South Wales Government 2010, Planning and Reporting Guidelines for Local Government in NSW, Division of Local Government, Department of Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, NSW.
New South Wales Government 2011, NSW Water Sewerage Business Planning Guidelines, NSW Office of Water, Sydney, NSW.
New South Wales Government 2012, NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems, New South Wales Health, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries – Office of Water, NSW.
Public Health Act 2010 (NSW), s. 15 (Austl.)
Public Health Regulation 2012 (NSW), p. 5 (Austl.)
Glossary
12NS07-R89-1.0 30 December 2012
Glossary
Word Description
ADWG Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, published by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
Catchment Area of land that collects rainfall and contributes to surface water (streams, rivers, wetlands) or to groundwater.
Critical control point
A point, step or procedure at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level.
Critical limit A prescribed tolerance that must be met to ensure that a critical control point effectively controls a potential health hazard; a criterion that separates acceptability from unacceptability (adapted from Codex Alimentarius).
C.t. The product of residual disinfectant concentration (C) in milligrams per litre determined before or at taps providing water for human consumption, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (t) in minutes.
Disinfection The process designed to kill most microorganisms in water, including essentially all pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. There are several ways to disinfect, with chlorine being most frequently used in water treatment.
Distribution system A network of pipes leading from a treatment plant to customers’ plumbing systems.
Drinking water supply system
All aspects from the point of collection of water to the consumer (can include catchments, groundwater systems, source waters, storage reservoirs and intakes, treatment systems, service reservoirs and distribution systems, and consumers).
DWMS Drinking Water Management System Hazard A biological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that has the
potential to cause harm. Hazardous event An incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard
(what can happen and how). Inherent risk The risk in the source water without treatment barriers in place. Maximum risk Risk without existing barriers in place for example, treatment and/or
disinfection. This is the maximum level of risk and in most instances it is the same as the inherent risk. However, there are a number of parameters whereby the treatment process adds to the risk, these include hazards such as trihalomethanes and chlorine. Therefore maximum risk is the total of the inherent risk and the additional risks added during treatment.
Multiple barriers A series of barriers that ensure contaminants are at an acceptable level
Preventive measure Any planned action, activity or process that is used to prevent hazards from occurring or reduce them to acceptable levels.
Quality assurance All the planned and systematic activities implemented within a quality system, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfil requirements for quality (e.g. AS/NZS ISO 8402:1994).
Residual risk The risk remaining after consideration of existing preventive measures.
Glossary
12NS07-R89-1.0 31 December 2012
Risk The likelihood of a hazard causing harm in exposed populations in a specified time frame, including the magnitude of that harm.
Source water Water in its natural state, before any treatment to make it suitable for drinking.
Validation The substantiation by scientific evidence (investigative or experimental studies) of existing or new processes and the operational criteria to ensure capability to effectively control hazards.
Verification Assessment of the overall performance of the water supply system and the ultimate quality of drinking water being supplied to consumers; incorporates both drinking water quality monitoring and monitoring of consumer satisfaction.
Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 A December 2012
Appendix A
Risk Assessment Workshop Report
ss
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
Risk Assessment Workshop Report
December 2012
viridis.net.au
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
Risk Assessment Workshop Report
Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 49 129 185 271 GPO Box 135 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia Tel: 1300 799 310 Fax: 1300 799 350 Web: www.viridis.net.au
Citation: Kyogle Council, 2012, Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems - Risk Assessment Workshop Report, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.
© Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd 2012
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 i December 2012
Contents 1� Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1�
2� Risk Assessment Team ................................................................................................... 2�
3� Process ............................................................................................................................. 4�
3.1� Methodology ............................................................................................................ 4�
3.2� Information used to inform the risk assessment ...................................................... 5�
3.3� Undertaking the Risk Assessment ........................................................................... 6�
3.3.1� Inherent Risk ............................................................................................... 7�
3.3.2� Maximum Risk ............................................................................................. 7�
3.3.3� Residual Risk .............................................................................................. 8�
3.3.4� Risk Treatment ............................................................................................ 9�
4� Inherent, Maximum and Residual Risks ...................................................................... 10�
4.1� Kyogle Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................... 10�
4.2� Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................ 11�
4.3� Woodenbong/Muli Muli System ............................................................................. 13�
4.4� Distribution System ................................................................................................ 14�
4.5� Whole of System .................................................................................................... 14�
5� Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 16�
6� References ...................................................................................................................... 17�
Appendices Appendix A Kyogle Council Risk Assessment Workshop - Briefing Paper ............................. A
Appendix B Inherent Risk Register .......................................................................................... B
Appendix C Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Treatment ............................................. C
Appendix D Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Distribution ........................................... D
Appendix E Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Whole of system ................................... E
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 ii December 2012
Figures
Figure 1 Risk Relationship ........................................................................................................ 6�Figure 2 Inherent Risk Calculation ............................................................................................ 7�Figure 3 Maximum Risk Calculation ......................................................................................... 8�Figure 4 Residual Risk Calculation ........................................................................................... 9�Figure 6 Kyogle WTP Risk Distribution ................................................................................... 10�Figure 7 Bonalbo WTP Risk Distribution ................................................................................. 12�Figure 8 Distribution System Risk Distribution ........................................................................ 14�Figure 9 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk ........................................................ 15�Figure 10 Significant Risks in the Kyogle Council Water Supply System ............................... 16�
Tables
Table 1 Risk Assessment Team ............................................................................................... 2�Table 2 Risk Matrix ................................................................................................................... 4�Table 3 Consequence Descriptors ............................................................................................ 4�Table 4 Likelihood Descriptors .................................................................................................. 5�Table 5 Uncertainty Descriptors ................................................................................................ 5�Table 6 Kyogle WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes ................................................... 10�Table 7 Kyogle WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes .......................... 11�Table 8 Bonalbo WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes ................................................. 12�Table 9 Bonalbo WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes ........................ 12�Table 10 Distribution System Risk Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes ..... 14�Table 11 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes ................. 15�
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 iii December 2012
Document History and Status
Revision Date issued Approved by Date approved Revision type
0.1 5/10/12 K.Pither 5/10/12 First Draft issued to Graham Kennett 0.2 11/10/2012 G. Kennet 11/10/2012 Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final
Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Karen Pither Name of client: Kyogle Council
Name of project: Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems Name of document: Risk Assessment Workshop Report Document number R 82 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
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1 Introduction This is the risk assessment report for the Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System (DWMS). The Public Health Act 2010 and the Public Health Regulation 2012 require all water suppliers to prepare a quality assurance program in the form of a DWMS. The DWMS must prepared in accordance with the NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems (2012) (the DWMS Guidelines) and address the elements of the national framework for drinking water quality, the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). An assessment of the drinking water supply system is required under Element 2. The DWMS guidelines state that
A risk assessment of the drinking water system must be undertaken:
• Assemble a team to undertake the risk assessment.
• Draw a flow diagram of the system from catchment to consumer.
• Review and analyse water quality data.
• Develop a workshop briefing paper.
• Hold a hazard identification, preventive measure identification and risk assessment workshop.
• Record the workshop outcomes in a Risk Assessment Report.
The risk assessment workshop briefing paper was prepared prior to the Kyogle Council risk assessment workshop and includes scheme descriptions, flow diagrams, scheme layout plans and the water quality analysis. The briefing paper is provided in Appendix A.
The risk assessment workshop was also used to identify critical control points (CCPs) to meet the requirements of Element 3, the results of the CPP identification are presented in the DWMS (reference).
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2 Risk Assessment Team A team was assembled to undertake the risk assessment that was judged to have appropriate knowledge and expertise to assess the risk for this system. This team included the operators and managers of the water supply system, catchment managers and officers from NSW Health and Office of Water.
In addition, James Howey for Viridis Consultants P/L (Viridis), an expert in the area of water quality risk assessment, directed and facilitated the risk assessment.
James is an Applied Chemist with a background in water and wastewater, specialising in risk assessment. His formal qualifications relevant to this task are as follows:
• BSc (Hons) Applied Chemistry • MSc (Hons) Environmental Management • RABQSA - Lead Drinking and Recycled Water QMS Auditor
Relevant experience prior to this risk assessment:
• water quality risk assessments of 40 SEQ WTPs • preparation of 3 drinking water quality management plans • preparation of 6 HACCP plans for WTPs • risk assessment and HACCP plan preparation for a wastewater catchment • preparation of recycled water management plans for 4 WWTPs • water quality risk assessment for the SEQ Water Grid, bulk water transport • water quality risk assessment of a retail water business.
Viridis had previously developed the methodology and a template in consultation with Kyogle Council. This was the starting point for the risk assessment workshops where expert opinion from the risk assessment team was used to review information in the briefing paper and add detail.
The workshop for the risk assessment was undertaken on 8 and 9 August 2012. Details of the workshop participants and the risk assessment team are in Table 1. Following completion of the draft risk register, the risk assessment team was invited to review the risk register and provide comment before finalisation.
Table 1 Risk Assessment Team
Name Company Position Experience
Graham Kennett Kyogle Council Manager Asset Services
15 years
John Murray Kyogle Council Water and Sewer O/S 17 years Stephen Reeves Kyogle Council Operator 3 years Travis Warren Kyogle Council Water Sewer Assets 1 years Mark Doolan Kyogle Council Water Operator 20 years Andrew Clark Kyogle Council Environmental Health
Officer 6 years
Paul Hernes Kyogle Council Plant Operator 3 months Ashley Walmsely Kyogle Council Water Sewer Operator 5 years Robert Butcher Kyogle Council Plant Operator 12.5 years Derryn Nix Kyogle Council Asset Works Engineer 8 years Chris Hennessey NSW Office of Water Manager Water supply and
distribution Terry Call NSW Office of Water Regional Inspector
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Name Company Position Experience
Geoff Sullivan NSW Health Environmental Health Officer
Public Health
James Howey Viridis Facilitator Chemist, RABQSA DW-QMS
Karen Pither Viridis Facilitator Water regulation, risk assessment
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3 Process
3.1 Methodology
The methodology used for the risk assessment is described in the DWMS. This includes a definition of the likelihood, consequence and risk level, an explanation of the acceptable risk level and the rationale for this selection.
The methodology is based on the premise that risk is defined as the likelihood of identified hazards causing harm in exposed populations in a specified timeframe, with consideration for the severity of the consequences (i.e. risk = likelihood x consequence) (NHMRC & NRMMC 2011). The risk matrix that was used to calculate risk is presented in Table 2, the consequence and likelihood descriptors are presented Table 3 and Table 4. The descriptors for uncertainty are presented Table 5.
Table 2 Risk Matrix
Likelihood Consequence
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
Almost certain Medium (6)
High (10)
High (15)
Extreme (20)
Extreme (25)
Likely Medium (5)
Medium (8)
High (12)
High (16)
Extreme (20)
Possible Low (3)
Medium (6)
Medium (9)
High (12)
High (15)
Unlikely Low (2)
Low (4)
Medium (6)
Medium (8)
High (10)
Rare Low (1)
Low (2)
Low (3)
Medium (5)
Medium (6)
Table 3 Consequence Descriptors
Consequence Descriptor Definition
1 Insignificant Isolated exceedence of aesthetic parameter with little or no disruption to normal operation
2 Minor Potential local aesthetic, isolated exceedence of chronic health parameter
3 Moderate Potential widespread aesthetic impact or repeated breach of chronic health parameter
4 Major Potential acute health impact, no declared outbreak expected
5 Catastrophic Potential acute health impact, declared outbreak expected
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Table 4 Likelihood Descriptors
Likelihood Descriptor Definition
1 Rare Occurs less than or equal to once every 5 years
2 Unlikely Occurs more often than once every 5 years and up to once per year
3 Possible Occurs more often than once per year and up to once a month (12/yr)
4 Likely Occurs more often than once per month (12/yr) and up to once per week (52/yr)
5 Almost Certain Occurs more often than once per week (52/yr)
Table 5 Uncertainty Descriptors
Level of Uncertainty Descriptor Definition
1 Certain • there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been trended and assessed, with at least daily monitoring
• the processes involved are thoroughly understood
2 Confident • there is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been collated and assessed, with at least weekly monitoring or for the duration of seasonal events
• there is a considerable understanding of the processes involved 3 Reliable • there is at least a year of continuous monitoring data available,
which has been assessed • there is a good understanding of the processes involved
4 Estimate • there is limited monitoring data available • There is a reasonable understanding of the processes involved
5 Uncertain • there is limited or no monitoring data available • the processes are not well understood
3.2 Information used to inform the risk assessment
To assess the water supply system a range of background information was used to inform the risk assessment, including
• catchment characteristics and known land uses in the catchments (including aerial photography)
• process flow diagrams and scheme descriptions for each water supply scheme (Kyogle Water Treatment Plant (WTP), Bonalbo WTP and the Woodenbong/Muli Muli scheme)
• supply system layout plans • water quality data analysis for the raw water, filtered water, finished water and
distribution, where data was available. The water quality analysis provided information on: • trends • exceedences • major variations • abnormal results
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• low number of results or no results for some relevant characteristics • potential water quality issues
• Anecdotal information was gathered during the workshop from managers, operators and stakeholders based on experience and historical performance of the Kyogle Council supply system.
The background information is summarised in the Risk Assessment Briefing Paper (Appendix A). The water quality data analysis included calculation of descriptive statistics presented in summary tables and trending of relevant parameters over time. The results of the water quality data analysis are presented the risk assessment briefing paper.
The risk assessment workshop was also used to validate the process flow diagrams and scheme descriptions with operators of the system.
3.3 Undertaking the Risk Assessment
The risk register template was designed in order to provide a structure to assess the risk of hazards and hazardous events. There are three levels of risk as depicted in Figure 1, which includes a representation of the process that was undertaken to determine residual risk..
Figure 1 Risk Relationship
The three levels of risk for the Kyogle Council DWMS are summarised as follows: • inherent risk
• Richmond River • Peacock Creek • risk passed on from the Urbenville WTP
• maximum risk • inherent risk and the risk of hazards introduced through the treatment process,
distribution and scheme management • residual risk
• maximum risk after the preventive measures have been applied.
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3.3.1 Inherent Risk
Inherent risk is the risk in the source water without treatment barriers in place. Each raw water source has different catchment characteristics and water quality hazards and were therefore assessed separately. The inherent risk was determined based on the water quality analysis and catchment characteristics described in the risk assessment briefing paper and anecdotal information provided and discussed at the workshop.
The inherent risk register is provided in Appendix B. The inherent risk was calculated for each hazard, depicted in the left-most column in Figure 2. Sources for each hazard were identified and recorded. Based on the water quality analysis and anecdotal information, consequence and likelihood values were determined and a risk score calculated using the risk matrix for all of the raw water sources. Notes in relation to this risk assessment were also captured.
Figure 2 Inherent Risk Calculation
3.3.2 Maximum Risk
Maximum risk is defined as the risk in the absence of preventative measures (NHMRC & NRMMC 2004). Maximum risk was calculated using the following process.
• Hazardous events were identified within the water supply system from raw water extraction to finished water supply points.
• All potential hazards were identified for each hazardous event. • The limiting hazard for each hazardous event was identified and the inherent risk for
the limiting hazard were used to determine the risk as well as any process introduced sources of the hazard.
Figure 3 demonstrates the process for determining the maximum risk for each hazardous event. As shown in Figure 3 the hazardous event for each water supply system were identified and assessed separately. Where the hazardous event was not applicable to the system, the row was shaded.
Co
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Like
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Co
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Like
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Biological
Bacteria H
- Cattle - dairy & beef- Rural septics (Wiangaree township - Kyogle)- Wildlife- Stormwater (Wiangaree Lagoon overflows - Kyogle)- Recreation
Catastrophic Almost certain
Extreme (25) Catastrophic Almost
certainExtreme
(25)Previous monitoring program has detected E. coli in groundwater at depths of 20 m (in bores).
Cyanotoxins H - Nutrient sources- Wiangaree Lagoons (Kyogle) Minor Rare Low (2) Minor Rare Low (2) One incidence of an algal bloom in Peacock Creek and
Richmond River during drought (circa 2001)
Haz
ard
Imp
act
So
urc
e
Not
es
Richmond River (Kyogle)
Peacock Creek (Bonalbo)
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Figure 3 Maximum Risk Calculation
The risk registers for maximum and residual risk for treatment, distribution and whole of system are provided in Appendices C, D and E
3.3.3 Residual Risk
Residual risk is defined as the risk remaining after consideration of existing preventative measures (NHMRC & NRMMC 2011). Residual risk was calculated using the following process:
• Preventive measures were identified for each previously recorded hazardous event. Monitoring that may identify the hazardous event was also identified at this stage.
• Taking into consideration available information such as historical performance and monitoring data the adequacy of the preventative measures was discussed and the residual risk was calculated using the risk methodology.
• The level of uncertainty of the risk assessment was determined based on the limiting hazard using the risk assessment methodology.
• All comments were captured in the risk register.
Figure 4 demonstrates how the preventative measures were assessed to determine the residual risk.
Com
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Haz
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Even
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WTP
Lim
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Haz
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/s
Max
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Max
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mLi
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Max
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Pot
enti
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Haz
ard
Kyogle Cyanotoxins Minor Rare Low (2)
Bonalbo Cyanotoxins Major Possible High (12)Sour
ce W
ater
Algal bloom in source water
Environmental conditions lead to algal bloom (e.g. low flows, high nutrients)
Cyanotoxins
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Figure 4 Residual Risk Calculation
3.3.4 Risk Treatment
The risk assessment methodology includes a level of acceptable risk, above this value risks are deemed to be significant. All remaining significant risks must have risk treatments applied to ensure that these risks are managed to an acceptable level. Following the calculation of residual risk, additional risk treatments were discussed and identified for each residual risk that was found to be above the cut off value. The additional risk treatments will be identified in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F, DWMS).
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Pre
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M
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Res
idu
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kelih
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Haz
ard
ous
Even
t R
isk
Low (2) PAC dosing on standby. Visual inspection Insignificant Rare Low (1)
High (12)
- Destratification system in Petrochilos Dam.- BGA protocols and required actions.- Selective harvesting of sources.
Monthly algae testing in Petrochilos Dam. Minor Rare Low (2)
Fi 4 R id l Ri k C l l ti
High (12)
- Destratification system in Petrochilos Dam.- BGA protocols and required actions.- Selective harvesting of sources
MonthlyDam.
Preventative measures identified for all hazardous events
Risk is reduced by the application of the preventative measures
- Destratification system- Destratification system
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4 Inherent, Maximum and Residual Risks
4.1 Kyogle Water Treatment Plant
Kyogle Water Treatment Plant (WTP) draws raw water from an on-stream storage behind an artificial weir on the Richmond River. Raw water data analysis and catchment characteristics, including upstream land uses were used to identify the inherent risks for the Richmond River Weir. Figure 5 depicts the distribution of inherent, maximum and residual risk for the Kyogle WTP. It can be seen that prior to the application of preventative measures, the maximum risk was outside the acceptable range for a high proportion of hazardous events. The residual risk pie chart demonstrates that whilst significant risks remain, a number of high and medium (≥8) are reduced to and an acceptable low or medium (<8) risk.
Figure 5 Kyogle WTP Risk Distribution
Table 6 summarises the inherent risks for each hazard identified for the Richmond River raw water source that were found to be outside the acceptable risk range. It can be seen that microbiological hazards were found to pose the highest risk to drinking water quality and these were often considered to be the limiting hazard for hazardous events (refer to Risk Register, Appendix C, D and E).
Table 6 Kyogle WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes
Hazard Inherent Risk
Bacteria Extreme (25) Protozoa Extreme (25) Viruses Extreme (20) Aluminium High (12) Iron High (15) Manganese High (15) Colour High (15) Taste and odour High (15) Turbidity High (15)
Table 7 identifies the hazardous events that were found to have a maximum risk that was outside the acceptable range and the preventative measures that are applied to reduce the residual risk. As shown in Table 7, there are a number of residual risks that are outside the acceptable risk range that required additional risk treatments. The additional risk treatments will be addressed in the Improvement Plan (Appendix F, DWMS).
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Table 7 Kyogle WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes
Hazardous Event Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures Residual Risk
Out of Specification Source Water (treatment processes cannot treat)
Extreme (20) WTP is manned 7 days/week
High (12)
Under dosing alum Extreme (20) WTP is manned 7 days/week 2 dosing pumps at same location (2 duty, 1 standby)
Medium (8)
Over dosing alum (Kyogle) Medium (8) WTP is manned 7 days/week Loading valve on dose line
Medium (5)
Inadequate solids removal High (16) WTP is manned 7 days/week High (12) Filter break-through Extreme (20) WTP is manned 7 days/week
Backwashing 3 times/week as a minimum Backwashing more frequently based on raw water turbidity
High (12)
Overdosing of Fluoride Medium (9) Inherent system design in accordance with Fluoride Code Plant can be shut down independent of treatment processes
Low (2)
Failure of treated water pH correction (Caustic dosing)
Medium (8) Dose pump is not of sufficient size to overdose Dose is adjusted to a pH set point
Low (2)
Insufficient chlorine Ct (concentration x time)
High (15) Online chlorine monitoring instrument with alarm Capacity in reservoirs to allow for correction
Medium (5)
Over dose of chlorine Medium (9) Online chlorine monitoring instrument with alarm Capacity in reservoirs to allow for correction
Medium (6)
4.2 Bonalbo Water Treatment Plant
Bonalbo WTP draws raw water from Peacock Creek. Figure 6 summarises the proportion of inherent, maximum and residual risks for the Bonalbo WTP. The inherent risks were determined based on catchment characteristics, historical performance and operator knowledge. The maximum risk pie chart that prior to the application of preventative measures, the maximum risk was outside the acceptable range for a high proportion of hazardous events. The residual risk pie chart demonstrates that all of the high risks were reduced to at least a medium risk, however one risk remains above the acceptable risk range (medium ≥8) and will require additional risk treatment.
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Figure 6 Bonalbo WTP Risk Distribution
Table 8 summarises the hazards and inherent risks for the Bonalbo WTP that were found to be outside the acceptable risk range. As with Kyogle WTP, microbiological hazards were found to pose the highest risk to drinking water quality and these were often considered to be the limiting hazard for hazardous events.
Table 8 Bonalbo WTP Inherent Risk Assessment Outcomes
Hazard Inherent Risk
Bacteria Extreme (25) Protozoa Extreme (20) Viruses High (10) Iron High (15) Manganese High (15) Colour High (15) Taste and odour High (15) Total dissolved solids High (12) Turbidity High (15)
Table 9 identifies the hazardous events that were found to have a maximum risk that was outside the acceptable range and the preventative measures that are applied to reduce the residual risk to an acceptable level.
Table 9 Bonalbo WTP Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes
Hazardous Event Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures Residual Risk
Destratification Failure Medium (8) Standby compressor at plant Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)
Medium (5)
Algal bloom in source water
High (12) Destratification system in Petrochilos Dam BGA protocols and required actions Selective harvesting of sources
Low (2)
Out of Specification Source Water (treatment processes cannot treat)
High (15) Off stream storage Selective harvesting of sources Back up source - bore
Medium (5)
Failure of the potassium permanganate dosing
Medium (9) Pre-set dosing setpoint Destratification ensures a constant raw water quality Alarm on pump failure
Low (2)
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Hazardous Event Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures Residual Risk
Under dosing alum (Kyogle) or ferric chloride (Bonalbo)
High (15) Duty standby pumps Fixed dose rate Constant flow rate due to feedback on flow meter and VSD pump control and orifice plate Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)
Medium (5)
Over dosing alum (Kyogle) or ferric chloride Bonalbo)
High (15) Duty standby pumps Fixed dose rate Constant flow rate due to feedback on flow meter and VSD pump control and orifice plate Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)
Medium (5)
Failure of the flocculation
Medium (8) WTP is manned 7 days/week Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU)
Medium (5)
Failure of the DAFF unit Medium (8) WTP is manned 7 days/week Plant shutdown on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU) Plant shutdown on low air pressure Duty/standby air compressor
Medium (5)
Filter break-through High (15) Plant shut down on treated water turbidity (0.8 NTU) Backwash on time, headloss and turbidity Ripening of filter to waste
Medium (5)
Overdosing of Fluoride Medium (9) Inherent system design in accordance with Fluoride Code Plant can be shut down independent of treatment processes
Low (2)
Failure of treated water pH correction (Caustic dosing)
High (12) Feedback loop linked to online pH meter Medium (9)
Insufficient chlorine Ct (concentration x time)
High (15) Fixed rate dosing (1.4 mg/L) Duty standby pumps SCADA alarms on low chlorine (0.75 mg/L)
Medium (5)
4.3 Woodenbong/Muli Muli System
The Woodenbong/Muli Muli system is serviced by a joint water supply with Tenterfield Shire Council. Treated water is supplied by Tenterfield Shire Council to Kyogle Council from the Urbenville WTP. Tenterfield Shire operates the WTP and water is supplied to Kyogle Council to the villages of Muli Muli and Woodenbong under the Joint Water Supply Agreement (the UMMWWS Agreement). Kyogle Council does not control raw water collection or treatment processes. The risks associated with the distribution of water for this system were assessed as part of the distribution system as a whole.
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4.4 Distribution System
Figure 7 summaries the risk calculations for the distribution system and indicates that there is one unacceptable residual risks that will require an additional risk treatment.
Figure 7 Distribution System Risk Distribution
Table 10 provides a summary of the risk assessment outcomes and indicates that there is one unacceptable risk remaining in the distribution system that require additional risk treatments to manage the risk and bring the residual risk down to an acceptable level. Risk treatments are addressed in the improvement program (Appendix F, DWMS) Table 10 Distribution System Risk Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes
Hazardous Event Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures Residual Risk
Contamination of reservoirs due to access by third parties
High (12) No access granted to third parties (telecommunications etc) Secure reservoir access step ladders in man proof enclosures Locked hatches Chlorine residual
Medium (5)
Stagnation in reserviors Medium (8) No current preventative measures Medium (8) Contamination by vermin Medium (8) Vermin proofing on all reserviors
Chlorine residual in reserviors Medium (5)
Ingress of contaminants non-potable water
Medium (8) Constant pressure in pipe line Spring loaded air valves Covered pits Flushing process following repairs Residual in reticulation
Medium (5)
Stagnant water in pipelines High (12) Regular program of flushing identified dead ends (every 6 - 8 weeks)
Medium (5)
4.5 Whole of System
Whole of system hazardous events were identified and analysed to determine where organisational issues may result in a water quality risk. Figure 8 indicates that the maximum risk is high for a number of hazardous events in the Kyogle Council organisation. The residual risk pie chart demonstrates that one residual risk remains above the acceptable limit.
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Figure 8 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk
Table 11 identifies the outcomes of the risk maximum and residual risk assessment and the preventative measures that are in place to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. One residual risk remains high and will require an additional risk treatment. Table 11 Whole of System Maximum and Residual Risk Assessment Outcomes
Hazardous Event Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures Residual Risk
Formation of disinfection by-products
Medium (9) Filtration to remove precursors (organics) Coagulation
Low (4)
Lack of training High (12) All operators have or are in training for Cert III or above Cert IV for senior operators On the job training and informal mentoring
Medium (5)
Lack of resources High (12) Adequate budgeting Forward and strategic planning Asset management planning Recruitment of long term local residents
Medium (5)
Supply of non compliant water from Urbenville WTP
High (15) Formal agreement for supply from Tenterfield Council Rechlorination at booster pump station upstream of Muli Muli Integrated telemetry system to monitor Urbenville New treatment plant
Medium (8)
Lack of hygiene during operation and maintenance
High (12) Operator awareness, training and risk awareness No equivalent componentry between the STP and WTP so often equipment is completely different Personal hygiene through training
Medium (5)
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5 Discussion Hazards that have been identified as being significant at each stage of the risk assessment are shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9 Significant Risks in the Kyogle Council Water Supply System
The first principle of the ADWG is: The greatest risks to consumers of drinking water are pathogenic microorganisms. Protection of water sources and treatment are of paramount importance and must never be compromised.
The risk assessment process identified a number of residual risks that are above the acceptable range for the Kyogle Council water supply. The majority of these risks are related to the age and functionality of the infrastructure and do not indicate water quality issues, rather, areas for improvement. A number of the unacceptable risks will be managed with the Kyogle water supply augmentation project which will include preventative measures such as online monitoring and alarms that will trigger auto shuts downs. The additional risk treatments are detailed the Improvement Plan (Appendix F, DWMS).
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6 References MWH 2010, Kyogle Water Supply Augmentation Concept Development Report, Kyogle Council, New South Wales.
National Health & Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2004. National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. 6th Ed. Australia: NHMRC.
New South Wales Government 2012, NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems, New South Wales Health, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries – Office of Water, New South Wales.
Public Health Act 2010 (NSW), s. 15 (Austl.)
Public Health Regulation 2012 (NSW), p. 5 (Austl.)
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Glossary ADWG Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, published by the National
Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Catchment Area of land that collects rainfall and contributes to surface water
(streams, rivers, wetlands) or to groundwater. Critical control point
A point, step or procedure at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level.
Disinfection The process designed to kill most microorganisms in water, including essentially all pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. There are several ways to disinfect, with chlorine being most frequently used in water treatment.
DWMS Drinking Water Management System Hazard A biological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that has the
potential to cause harm. Hazardous event An incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard
(what can happen and how). Inherent risk The risk in the source water without treatment barriers in place. Maximum risk Risk without existing barriers in place for example, treatment and/or
disinfection. This is the maximum level of risk and in most instances it is the same as the inherent risk. However, there are a number of parameters whereby the treatment process adds to the risk, these include hazards such as trihalomethanes and chlorine. Therefore maximum risk is the total of the inherent risk and the additional risks added during treatment.
Preventive measure
Any planned action, activity or process that is used to prevent hazards from occurring or reduce them to acceptable levels.
Residual risk The risk remaining after consideration of existing preventive measures. Risk The likelihood of a hazard causing harm in exposed populations in a
specified time frame, including the magnitude of that harm. Source water Water in its natural state, before any treatment to make it suitable for
drinking.
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Appendix A
Kyogle Council Risk Assessment Workshop - Briefing Paper
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Kyogle CouncilRisk Assessment Workshop Materials
Table of Contents
1� Risk Assessment Methodology ............................................................................................... 2�
2� Background ................................................................................................................................ 3�2.1� Kyogle Council ................................................................................................................ 3�2.2� Kyogle System ................................................................................................................ 3�2.3� Bonalbo System .............................................................................................................. 4�2.4� Woodenbong/Muli Muli System ....................................................................................... 5�
3� Schematics ................................................................................................................................. 7�
4� Process Flow Diagrams .......................................................................................................... 11�
5� Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 25�
Risk Assessment Methodology
Likelihood
Almost certain
Likely
Possible
Unlikely
Rare
Consequence
Catastrophic
Major
Moderate
Minor
Insignificant
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major CatastrophicAlmost certain Medium (6) High (10) High (15) Extreme (20) Extreme (25)
Likely Medium (5) Medium (8) High (12) High (16) Extreme (20)
Possible Low (3) Medium (6) Medium (9) High (12) High (15)
Unlikely Low (2) Low (4) Medium (6) Medium (8) High (10)
Rare Low (1) Low (2) Low (3) Medium (5) Medium (6)
Uncertainty
Certain
Confident
Reliable
Estimate
Uncertain
Potential acute health impact, declared outbreak expected.
Potential acute health impact, no declared outbreak expected.
Description
Potential widespread aesthetic impact or repeated breach of chronic health parameter.
Potential local aesthetic, isolated exceedence of chronic health parameter.
Likelihood Consequence
There is at least a year of continuous monitoring data available, which has been assessed; orThere is a reasonable understanding of the processes involved.
Isolated exceedence of aesthetic parameter with little or no disruption to normal operation
There is limited monitoring data available; orThere is a limied understanding of the processes involved.
There is limited or no monitoring data available; orThe processes are not well understood.
Description
There is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been trended and assessed, with at least daily monitoring; orThe processes involved are thoroughly understood.
There is 5 years of continuous monitoring data, which has been collated and assessed, with at least weekly monitoring or for the duration of seasonal events; orThere is a good understanding of the processes involved.
Occurs less than or equal to once every 5 years
ExampleDescriptionIs expected to occurin most circumstancesWill probably occur in most circumstancesMight occur or should occur at some time
Could occur at some time
May occur only in exceptional circumstances
Occurs more often than once per week (52/yr)
Occurs more often than once per month (12/yr) and up to once per week (52/yr)Occurs more often than once per year and up to once a month (12/yr)Occurs more often than once every 5 years and up to once per year
Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment
3 R70 0.1
August 2012 August 2012
2 Background
2.1 Kyogle Council
Kyogle Council operates three water supplies servicing around four thousand people in the township of Kyogle and the villages of Bonalbo and Woodenbong, and the aboriginal community of Muli Muli.
2.2 Kyogle System
Kyogle is located in the Richmond River catchment, and the water supply consists of an on-stream storage and filtered supply serving approximately 3,000 persons.
The Richmond River catchment has an area of over 70000km2 and a population of approximately 100 000. Kyogle lies in the upper reaches of the Richmond River, including sub catchments of Grady’s Creek, Roseberry Creek, Eden Creek, Toonumbar Area, Doubtful Creek and Fawcetts Creek. The north and west areas are flanked by steep slopes while the southern area ranges from undulating to flat.
Kyogle’s geology is derived from the Tertiary Lamington Volcanics, with basaltic or sedimentary parent materials. The major soil types in the area are red brown earths, yellow red contrast soils and red clay loams, with impacts including gully erosion and soil acidification.
The primary land uses in the Kyogle is agriculture and forestry, with the major agriculture type being beef, dairy and pigs. Urban development is low density, in small towns.
The Kyogle Water Supply System is summarised as
• On stream storage behind artificial weir in the Richmond River of 25ML
• Raw water pump station at weir 68L/s
• Water Treatment Plant 3ML/day, (flocculation/sedimentation/gravity sand filters train 1.5ML/day) and (flocculation/clarification/pressure filter train 1.5ML/d), fluoridation and chlorination
• Clear water pumping station 54L/s
• Hill Street Reservoir 1.5ML
• Mount Street Reservoir 2.2ML and James Street Reservoir 1.1ML
• 1209 residential connections
• 275 non-residential connections
• 44km of reticulation mains
• Approximate population serviced by water supply – 3,200
• Original construction date 1933, augmentation in 1956
Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment
4 R70 0.1
August 2012 August 2012
2.3 Bonalbo System
Bonalbo is located in the Clarence Catchment, and the water supply consists of brand new WTP fed from an off stream storage with water sourced from Peacock Creek, a groundwater bore, and the off-stream storage catchment, serving approximately 400 persons.
The village of Bonalbo is within the Peacock Creek catchment, which is part of the greater Clarence River catchment area. The Peacock Creek catchment covers an area of 170km2 (120km2 upstream of Bonalbo) with the Bonalbo urban footprint covering less than 1.0 km2 of the catchment area.
The catchment area upstream of the Bonalbo Peacock Creek extraction point has a mixture of rural developments and farming, with a large proportion of native trees and in the upper parts of the catchment, the Toonumbar National Park. The geology of the Clarence catchment is derived from Main Range, Focal Peak and Tweed Volcanics.
The primary land uses in the catchment area include national parks, agriculture and forestry, with the major agriculture type being beef, dairy and pigs.
The Bonalbo Water Supply System is summarised as
• River bed extraction system Peacock Creek
• Raw water pumping station 3L/s
• Bore at river extraction point 1L/s
• Off-stream storage (Petrochilos Dam) 45ML
• Raw water pump station 5.7L/s
• Water Treatment Plant 0.3ML/day flocculation, DAF and gravity sand filter, fluoridation and chlorination
• Clear water pumping station 4.7L/s
• Bonalbo Reservoir 0.9ML
• 165 residential connections
• 37 non-residential connections
• 7km of reticulation mains
• 2km trunk mains
• Approximate population serviced by water supply – 350
• Original construction 1966, Water Treatment Plant constructed 2010
Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment
5 R70 0.1
August 2012 August 2012
2.4 Woodenbong/Muli Muli System
Woodenbong/Muli Muli – serviced by a joint water supply with Tenterfield Shire Council for the village of Urbenville, consisting of a brand new WTP and an on stream storage behind a natural weir on Tooloom Creek, in the upper Clarence Catchment, serving approximately 600 persons (Kyogle LGA) and 400 persons (Tenterfield LGA).
Tooloom Creek starts near Lindesay Creek at an elevation of 399m and ends at an elevation of 197m flowing into the Clarence River. The Tooloom Creek drops around 202m over its 68.2km length. The creeks and rivers flow into the Tooloom Creek include Boomi Creek, Beaury Creek and Grahams Creek. The Headwater are in Yabbra State Forest and Yabbra National Park. The land uses in the catchment include forestry, dairy and cattle grazing and other agricultural uses.
The Woodenbong/Muli Muli Scheme is summarised as
• On stream storage behind natural weir on Tooloom Creek of 160ML (Tenterfield LGA)
• Raw water pumping station 9L/s (Tenterfield LGA)
• 0.7ML/day Water Treatment Plant, flocculation, DAF over sand filter, fluoridation (Tenterfield LGA)
• Clear water pumping station 12L/s (Tenterfield LGA)
• Urbenville Reservoir 0.9ML (Tenterfield LGA)
• Booster Pump Station 12L/s and re-chlorination (Kyogle LGA)
• Woodenbong Reservoir 0.7ML (Kyogle LGA)
• 179 residential connections (Kyogle LGA)
• 68 non-residential connections (Kyogle LGA)
• 6km of reticulation mains (Kyogle LGA)
• 9.5km trunk mains in Kyogle LGA
• 7km trunk mains within Tenterfield LGA
• Approximate population serviced by water supply – Woodenbong 400, Muli Muli 220, Urbenville 280
• Original Construction 1965, Water Treatment Plant constructed 2010
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Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment
7 R70 0.1
August 2012 August 2012
3 Schematics
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Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment
11 R70 0.1
August 2012 August 2012
4 Process Flow Diagrams
Kyogle Council DWMS Risk Assessment
25 R70 0.1
August 2012 August 2012
5 Data Analysis
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Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 B December 2012
Appendix B
Inherent Risk Register
Con
seq
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Ris
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Con
seq
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Ris
k
Biological
Bacteria H
- Cattle - dairy & beef- Rural septics (Wiangaree township - Kyogle)- Wildlife- Stormwater (Wiangaree Lagoon overflows - Kyogle)- Recreation
Catastrophic Almost certain
Extreme (25) Catastrophic Almost
certainExtreme
(25)Previous monitoring program has detected E. coli in groundwater at depths of 20 m (in bores).
Cyanotoxins H - Nutrient sources- Wiangaree Lagoons (Kyogle) Minor Rare Low (2) Minor Rare Low (2) One incidence of an algal bloom in Peacock Creek and
Richmond River during drought (circa 2001)
Free Living Pathogens(Naglaria & Legionella) H Elevated water temperature Catastrophic Rare Medium
(6) Catastrophic Rare Medium (6) No known incidences in region
Problem alga/ bacteria/ macrophytes A Environmental conditions Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1)
Water lettuce occurs in the headwaters of Peacock Creek - has been controlled in the catchment (Far North Coast Weeds)
Protozoa H
- Cattle - dairy & beef- Rural septics (Wiangaree township - Kyogle)- Wildlife- Stormwater (Wiangaree Lagoon overflows - Kyogle)- Recreation
Catastrophic Almost certain
Extreme (25) Catastrophic Likely Extreme
(20)
1 dairy in Peacock Creek and 1 in Gorge CreeksA number of dairies and septic systems in Richmond catchment, including Wiangaree Township
Viruses H
- Rural septics (Wiangaree township - Kyogle)- Wildlife- Stormwater (Wiangaree Lagoon overflows - Kyogle)- Recreation
Catastrophic Likely Extreme (20) Catastrophic Unlikely High (10) Bonalbo catchment has very few apparent human sources of
virus
ChemicalAluminium A Local geology Moderate Likely High (12) Minor Unlikely Low (4) Aluminium detected at concentrations up to 16.8 mg/L in the
raw water at Kyogle.
Arsenic H- Local geology- Disused cattle dips- Sawmill Grevillia (Kyogle)
Minor Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Previous dip sites in all catchments (3 in Bonalbo supply).
Cadmium H Grevillia sawmill (Kyogle) Minor Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Previous land useChlorine H No sources N/A N/A #N/A N/A N/A #N/A No upstream STPsCopper H Grevillia sawmill (Kyogle) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Historical CCA treatment at Grevillia sawmillDisinfection by-products (e.g. THMs, NDMA & HAAs)
H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No upstream water or sewage treatment.
Fluoride H Naturally occurring Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue
Hydrocarbons H - Road run-off- Diesel pumps Minor Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1)
Fuel slick observed at Bailey's Bridge once previouslyGas mining test bore has previously been drilled in Bonalbo catchment. Bore currently capped but gas was detected.
Hydrogen sulphide/ sulphide A/H Ground water Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No odours detected from bore water.
Iron A Natural geology Moderate Almost certain High (15) Moderate Almost
certain High (15) Total iron detected in the raw water at Kyogle at a maximum of 30 mg/L and expected to be similar at Bonalbo.
Lead H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No monitoring available at time of risk assessment.
Manganese A/H Natural geology Moderate Almost certain High (15) Moderate Almost
certain High (15) Almost certain above the aesthetic value.
Mercury H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No monitoring available at time of risk assessment.Nickel H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1) No monitoring available at time of risk assessment.
Nitrate & nitrite H- Agricultural run-off- Septic systems- Dairy
Minor Unlikely Low (2) Insignificant Rare Low (1)One incidence of high nutrients detected in a deep pool during a dry period attributed to a dairy farm directly upstream of monitoring point and very low to no flows in Peacock Creek
Pesticides (all types) H - Agriculture- Forestry Minor Rare Low (2) Minor Unlikely Low (4)
One detection of pesticides at Kyogle Weir, result was under guideline valuesPesticides are expected to be used in plantations only during establishment
Pharmaceuticals and EDCs H Septic systems Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue
Sodium A No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Minor Rare Low (2) Not considered an issueSulphate H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue
Toxins (unknown contaminant) H
- Intentional contamination- Backflow- Accidental chemical spill
Catastrophic Rare Medium (6) Catastrophic Rare Medium
(6)Intentional contamination could be catastrophic, however, no issues identified.
Zinc H Storm water Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue
Haz
ard
Imp
act
Sou
rce
Not
es
Richmond River (Kyogle) Peacock Creek (Bonalbo)
Con
seq
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Con
seq
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Haz
ard
Imp
act
Sou
rce
Not
es
Richmond River (Kyogle) Peacock Creek (Bonalbo)
PhysicalColour A Naturally occurring Moderate Almost
certain High (15) Moderate Almost certain High (15) Colour detected in Kyogle raw water at a maximum of 447 HU
DO A No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issueHardness A Naturally occurring Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issueCorrosivity (low LSI) A Natural soft water Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issuepH A Naturally occurring Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issueRadiological H No known sources Insignificant Rare Low (1) Insignificant Rare Low (1) Not considered an issue
Reduced output volume - N/A N/A N/A #N/A N/A N/A #N/A Hazard used for system failure
Taste and odour A Suspended solids Moderate Almost certain High (15) Moderate Almost
certain High (15) Less taste and odour complaints since commissioning new plants at Bonalbo and Woodenbong.
Total dissolved solids Natural geology Insignificant Rare Low (1) Moderate Likely High (12) TDS detected at 130 to 235 mg/L in Kyogle raw water source.
Turbidity A Naturally occurringStorm events Moderate Almost
certain High (15) Moderate Almost certain High (15) Maximum turbidity at Kyogle raw water source 125 NTU.
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 C December 2012
Appendix C
Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Treatment
Trea
tmen
t - M
axim
um &
Res
idua
l Ris
k
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
WTP
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Hazardous Event Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Kyog
leN/
AN/
AN/
A#N
/AN/
AN/
AN/
AN/
A#N
/AN/
AN/
AN/
A
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaMa
jorUn
likely
Medi
um
(8)
- Stan
dby c
ompr
esso
r at
plant.
- Plan
t shu
tdown
on
treate
d wate
r tur
bidity
(0.8
NTU)
.
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g of r
aw w
ater
turbid
ity.
- Dail
y visu
al ins
pecti
on of
Petr
ochil
os
Dam.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
- Prio
r to i
nstal
ling t
he de
strati
ficati
on in
Petr
ochil
os D
am,
there
wer
e iss
ues w
ith fil
ter br
eakth
roug
h, re
sultin
g in d
irty
water
comp
laints
.- M
ini tu
rnov
ers s
till oc
cur w
ith de
strati
ficati
on sy
stem,
pa
rticula
rly fo
llowi
ng co
ld nig
hts. R
aw w
ater t
urbid
ity ha
s inc
reas
ed to
11 N
TU in
the i
nstan
ce of
a tur
nove
r.- A
fter a
turn
over,
coag
ulant
dose
wou
ld ne
ed to
be al
tered
.- F
iltere
d wate
r tur
bidity
brea
kthro
ugh t
rigge
rs a b
ack w
ash
at 0.8
NTU
and w
ill no
t allo
w re
char
ge of
clea
r wate
r tan
k un
til tur
bidity
reac
hes 0
.4 NT
U. If
0.4 N
TU ca
nnot
be
achie
ved,
plant
will a
larm
and r
equir
e man
ual a
ltera
tion.
- Alga
e is n
ot co
nside
red a
risk i
n Pea
cock
Cre
ek, b
ut ma
y be
come
and i
ssue
in P
etroc
hilos
Dam
.
Confi
dent
Trial
redu
ction
of ba
ckwa
sh se
tpoint
to
0.5 N
TU to
achie
ve co
mplia
nce w
ith
ADW
G re
quire
ments
for e
ffecti
ve
disinf
ectio
n.
Kyog
leCy
anoto
xins
Mino
rRa
reLo
w (2
)PA
C do
sing o
n stan
dby.
Visu
al ins
pecti
onIns
ignific
ant
Rare
Low
(1)
One i
ncide
nce o
f alga
e in t
he w
eir du
ring l
ow flo
ws, w
hich
trigge
red t
he in
stalla
tion o
f a P
AC pl
ant. R
ainfal
l eve
nt oc
curre
d befo
re pl
ant w
as tu
rned
on, n
o fur
ther in
ciden
ces
of alg
ae de
tected
. PAC
plan
t is on
stan
dby i
f req
uired
.
Confi
dent
N/A
Bona
lbo
Cyan
otoxin
sMa
jorPo
ssibl
eHi
gh (1
2)
- Des
tratifi
catio
n sys
tem in
Pe
troch
ilos D
am.
- BGA
proto
cols
and
requ
ired a
ction
s.- S
electi
ve ha
rvesti
ng of
so
urce
s.
Month
ly alg
ae te
sting
in P
etroc
hilos
Da
m.Mi
nor
Rare
Low
(2)
- Prio
r to d
estra
tifica
tion,
algal
bloom
s wou
ld be
pres
ent fo
r up
to 4
month
s in P
etroc
hilos
Dam
.- D
etecte
d at e
levate
d lev
els in
the d
am bu
t did
not h
ave
incide
nce o
f toxin
s in d
istrib
ution
to w
arra
nt ce
asing
supp
ly.- N
il cou
nts si
nce d
estra
tifica
tion.
- BGA
proto
cols.
- Kyo
gle pa
rticipa
tes in
Reg
ional
Alga
l Coo
rdina
tion
Comm
ittee (
RACC
).
Certa
inN/
A
Kyog
leBa
cteria
Catas
troph
icLik
elyEx
trem
e (2
0)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k- S
hutdo
wn tr
igger
ed by
mo
nitor
ing
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g (tur
bidity
, pH,
ch
lorine
) - no
t alar
med o
r link
ed to
PL
C- W
eekly
bacto
testi
ng- V
isual
inspe
ction
of ra
w wa
ter so
urce
Major
Poss
ible
High
(12)
- At p
rese
nt, du
ring t
imes
of st
orm
even
ts, th
ere a
re no
ala
rms t
o noti
fy the
oper
ators
that th
e raw
wate
r is ou
t of
spec
ificati
on. T
his is
mor
e imp
ortan
t whe
n the
WTP
is
unma
nned
(a/h)
. W
ith di
rty w
ater b
reak
throu
gh, th
ere c
an
be ba
cteria
and p
rotoz
oa in
addit
ion to
high
turb
idity,
limitin
g dis
infec
tion.
Confi
dent
- Wate
r sup
ply au
gmen
tation
(long
term
).- R
eview
optio
ns fo
r SMS
alar
ms on
ra
w wa
ter tu
rbidi
ty to
adjus
t alum
dose
or
shut
down
(shor
t term
).
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- Off s
tream
stor
age
- Sele
ctive
harve
sting
of
sour
ces
- Bac
k up s
ource
- bo
re
- Dail
y visu
al ins
pecti
on of
Pea
cock
Cr
eek a
nd P
etroc
hilos
Dam
- Dail
y ope
ratio
nal m
onito
ring
- Wee
kly ba
cto te
sting
- Wea
ther o
bser
vatio
n- D
aily r
ainfal
l reco
rding
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
- Ope
rator
s are
expe
rienc
ed an
d can
iden
tify is
sues
with
tre
atmen
t pro
cess
es.
- Rar
e like
lihoo
d was
base
d on t
he co
nseq
uenc
e of o
ut of
spec
ificati
on w
ater a
ffecti
ng tr
eatm
ent p
roce
sses
and f
inal
water
quali
ty.
Certa
inN/
A
Kyog
leAl
umini
umMi
nor
Rare
Low
(2)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g (tur
bidity
, pH,
ch
lorine
) - no
t alar
med o
r link
ed to
PL
C.'- D
aily v
isual
inspe
ction
of W
TP
treatm
ent p
roce
sses
.
Mino
rRa
reLo
w (2
)- N
atura
lly oc
curri
ng ch
ange
s in p
H.- R
aw w
ater p
H ha
s bee
n sho
wn to
have
pH el
evate
d abo
ve
8.2 at
times
.Ce
rtain
N/A
Bona
lbo
N/A
N/A
N/A
#N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
#N/A
Raw
water
pH is
stab
le - t
his is
not a
n iss
ue fo
r Bon
albo
N/A
N/A
Risk T-2
Potential Hazard
Risk T-4
Raw Water
pH ch
ange
in ra
w wa
ter
pH ab
ove o
ptimu
m ra
nge
for al
um flo
ccula
tion
- T&O
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Alum
inium
(K
yogle
)- I
ron
- Man
gane
se
- T&O
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Man
gane
se- I
ron
- Iro
n- M
anga
nese
- T&O
- Tur
bidity
- Cya
notox
ins- B
acter
ia- V
irus
- Pro
tozoa
Risk T-1
Source Water
Dest
ratif
icatio
n Fa
ilure
Destr
atific
ation
unit f
ails t
o pr
even
t a ro
ll ove
r in of
f str
eam
stora
ge
Risk T-3
Source Water
Out o
f Spe
cifica
tion
Sour
ce W
ater
(tr
eatm
ent p
roce
sses
ca
nnot
trea
t)
A so
urce
wate
r use
d tha
t ex
ceed
s the
trea
tmen
t ca
pacit
y , le
ading
tre
atmen
t failu
re (e
.g.
storm
)
Source Water
Alga
l blo
om in
so
urce
wat
er
Envir
onme
ntal c
ondit
ions
lead t
o alga
l bloo
m (e
.g.
low flo
ws, h
igh nu
trients
)Cy
anoto
xins
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
WTP
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Hazardous Event Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Potential Hazard
Kyog
leN/
AN/
AN/
A#N
/AN/
AN/
AN/
AN/
A#N
/AKy
ogle
does
not d
ose w
ith po
tassiu
m pe
rman
gana
teN/
AN/
A
Bona
lbo
Mang
anes
eMo
dera
tePo
ssibl
eMe
dium
(9
)
- Pre
set d
osing
setpo
int.
- Des
tratifi
catio
n ens
ures
a c
onsta
nt ra
w wa
ter
quali
ty.- A
larm
on pu
mp fa
ilure
.
- Dail
y visu
al ins
pecti
on.
- Wee
kly in
-hou
se te
sting
of
mang
anes
e in t
reate
d wate
r.Mi
nor
Rare
Low
(2)
- Dos
ing de
sign b
ased
on ra
w wa
ter qu
ality.
- Pro
cess
refin
ed du
ring c
ommi
ssion
ing.
- One
pump
for p
otass
ium pe
rman
gana
te (d
uty on
ly) bu
t co
uld us
e spa
re ch
lorine
pump
if re
quire
d.
Certa
inN/
A
Kyog
leBa
cteria
Catas
troph
icLik
elyEx
trem
e (2
0)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.- S
hutdo
wn tr
igger
ed by
mo
nitor
ing.
- 2 do
sing p
umps
at sa
me
locati
on (2
duty,
1 sta
ndby
).
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g (tur
bidity
, pH,
ch
lorine
) - no
t alar
med o
r link
ed to
PL
C.- W
eekly
bacto
testi
ng.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
plan
t dur
ing
times
whe
n plan
t is m
anne
d.
Major
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(8)
- Two
coag
ulatio
n tra
ins, 2
duty
pump
s.- U
nder
dosin
g can
also
occu
r with
high
raw
water
turb
idity
or
block
ing of
alum
dosin
g equ
ipmen
t.Co
nfide
ntW
ater s
upply
augm
entat
ion(lo
ng te
rm).
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- Duty
stan
dby p
umps
.- F
ixed d
ose r
ate.
- Con
stant
flow
rate
due t
o fee
dbac
k on f
low m
eter
- VSD
pump
contr
ol an
d or
ifice p
late.
- Plan
t shu
tdown
on
treate
d wate
r tur
bidity
(0.8
NTU)
.
- Dro
p tes
ting.
- Plan
t man
ned 7
days
/wee
k.- V
isual
inspe
ction
.Ma
jorRa
reMe
dium
(5)
Wate
r qua
lity is
reas
onab
ly sta
ble an
d the
refor
e the
dose
ra
te is
rare
ly alt
ered
.Co
nfide
ntN/
A
Kyog
leBa
cteria
Major
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(8
)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.- M
anua
l shu
tdown
trig
gere
d by m
onito
ring.
- Loa
ding v
alve o
n dos
e lin
e.
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g (tur
bidity
, pH,
ch
lorine
) - no
t alar
med o
r link
ed to
PL
C.- W
eekly
bacto
testi
ng.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
plan
t dur
ing
times
whe
n plan
t is m
anne
d.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)A
failur
e of c
oagu
lation
could
happ
en w
hen a
lum do
sing h
as
been
incre
ased
due t
o high
raw
water
turb
idity
and d
ose h
as
not b
een t
urne
d bac
k dow
n whe
n tur
bidity
impr
oves
.Co
nfide
nt
- Und
ertak
e add
itiona
l testi
ng an
d sa
mplin
g to d
evelo
p a do
se cu
rve
base
d on t
urbid
ity.
- Imp
lemen
t on-
site j
ar te
sting
.
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- Duty
stan
dby p
umps
.- F
ixed d
ose r
ate.
- Con
stant
flow
rate
due t
o fee
dbac
k on f
low m
eter
- VSD
pump
contr
ol an
d or
ifice p
late.
- Man
ual p
lant s
hutdo
wn
on tr
eated
wate
r tur
bidity
(0
.8 NT
U).
- Dro
p tes
ting.
- Plan
t man
ned 7
days
/wee
k.- V
isual
inspe
ction
whe
n plan
t is
mann
ed.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)W
ater q
uality
is re
ason
ably
stable
and t
here
fore t
he do
se
rate
is ra
rely
alter
ed.
Confi
dent
N/A
Kyog
leBa
cteria
Major
Rare
Medi
um
(5)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g (tur
bidity
, pH,
ch
lorine
) not
alarm
ed or
linke
d to P
LC.
- Visu
al ins
pecti
on w
hen p
lant is
ma
nned
.Ma
jorRa
reMe
dium
(5)
- Reli
ance
on flo
w int
o clar
ifiers
to mi
x alum
thro
ugh r
aw
water
, this
may n
ot be
adeq
uate.
- Dos
ing po
int ha
s bee
n mov
ed fu
rther
from
clar
ifiers
to ge
t mi
xing.
- Flas
h mixe
r may
impr
ove c
oagu
lation
/flocc
ulatio
n pro
cess
an
d may
be in
vesti
gated
.
Confi
dent
N/A
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaMa
jorUn
likely
Medi
um
(8)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k- P
lant s
hutdo
wn on
tre
ated w
ater t
urbid
ity (0
.8 NT
U)
- Visu
al ins
pecti
on w
hen p
lant is
ma
nned
.- T
reate
d wate
r tur
bidity
.Ma
jorRa
reMe
dium
(5)
Failu
re of
mec
hanic
al flo
ccula
tor co
uld po
tentia
lly le
ad to
ov
erloa
ding o
f DAF
tank
and c
arry
over
of so
lids i
nto th
e filt
er. T
his w
ould
redu
ce fil
ter ru
n tim
e.Ce
rtain
N/A
Risk T-5
Raw Water Dosing
Failu
re o
f the
po
tass
ium
pe
rman
gana
te
dosin
g
Over
dosin
g or
unde
rdos
ing po
tassiu
m pe
rman
gana
te
- Man
gane
se- C
olour
(pink
wa
ter)
Risk T-6
Coagulation
Unde
r dos
ing
alum
(K
yogl
e) o
r fer
ric
chlo
ride (
Bona
lbo)
Failu
re of
coag
ulatio
n
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- DBP
s
Risk T-8
Flocculation
Failu
re o
f the
flo
ccul
atio
n
Poor
flocc
ulatio
n due
to
mech
anica
l failu
re of
flo
ccula
tors o
r floa
tation
sy
stem.
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Man
gane
se- I
ron
- Alum
inium
- DBP
s
Risk T-7
Coagulation
Over
dos
ing
alum
(K
yogl
e) o
r fer
ric
chlo
ride B
onalb
o)Fa
ilure
of co
agula
tion
- Tur
bidity
- Alum
inium
(K
yogle
)- I
ron (
Bona
lbo)
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- DBP
s
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
WTP
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Hazardous Event Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Potential Hazard
Kyog
leBa
cteria
Major
Poss
ible
High
(12)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.- S
electi
ve ab
strac
tion o
f so
urce
s.
- Visu
al ins
pecti
on w
hen p
lant is
ma
nned
.Ma
jorLik
elyHi
gh (1
6)
- Boil
up of
sedim
ent in
clar
ifier h
as ha
ppen
ed re
centl
y at a
fre
quen
cy of
ever
y few
days
.- R
aw w
ater c
an en
ter in
unde
r the
rema
ining
slud
ge an
d lift
it to t
he su
rface
.- B
oil up
has b
een m
ore o
f a pr
oblem
sinc
e cha
nging
to
alum
liquid
and s
ince t
he pa
ddles
are n
o lon
ger o
pera
ting -
pa
ddles
used
to en
able
sludg
e to b
e pus
hed i
nto th
e cen
tre
of the
tank
and t
o the
drain
.- U
nclea
r if te
mper
ature
is a
factor
.- G
ener
ally w
ait un
til riv
er is
clea
r befo
re dr
aining
tank
s and
re
movin
g slud
ge.
- Cur
rentl
y the
re is
no w
ay of
mon
itorin
g how
muc
h slud
ge is
in
the ta
nk -
may i
nves
tigate
using
a "S
ludge
Judg
e" to
mo
nitor.
- Des
ludgin
g by g
ravit
y, wh
ich is
diffic
ult to
man
age.
Confi
dent
- Fur
ther in
vesti
gate
monit
oring
slud
ge
(e.g.
Slud
ge Ju
dge)
.- I
nves
tigate
optio
ns fo
r impr
oved
so
lids r
emov
al as
part
of W
TP
upgr
ade.
Bona
lbo
N/A
N/A
N/A
#N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
#N/A
Slud
ge re
mova
l at B
onalb
o is n
ot an
issu
eN/
AN/
A
Kyog
leN/
AN/
AN/
A#N
/AN/
AN/
AN/
AN/
A#N
/AN/
AN/
AN/
A
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaMa
jorUn
likely
Medi
um
(8)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.- P
lant s
hutdo
wn on
tre
ated w
ater t
urbid
ity (0
.8 NT
U).
- Plan
t shu
tdown
on lo
w air
pres
sure
.- D
uty/st
andb
y air
comp
ress
or.
- Visu
al ins
pecti
on.
- Tre
ated w
ater t
urbid
ity.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)On
e fail
ure o
ccur
red l
eadin
g to m
ore o
ften b
ackw
ashin
g and
re
ducti
on of
the f
ilter r
un tim
e.Ce
rtain
N/A
Kyog
lePr
otozo
aCa
tastro
phic
Likely
Extre
me
(20)
- WTP
is m
anne
d 7
days
/wee
k.- B
ackw
ashin
g 3
times
/wee
k as a
mini
mum.
- Bac
kwas
hing m
ore
frequ
ently
base
d on r
aw
water
turb
idity.
- Dail
y mon
itorin
g (tur
bidity
, pH,
ch
lorine
) - no
t alar
med o
r link
ed to
PL
C.- W
eekly
bacto
testi
ng.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
plan
t dur
ing
times
whe
n plan
t is m
anne
d.
Major
Poss
ible
High
(12)
Curre
nt W
TP co
nfigu
ratio
n doe
s not
allow
each
filter
to be
mo
nitor
ed in
dividu
ally.
Estim
ate
- Inv
estig
ate op
tions
for m
onito
ring
indivi
dual
filter
turb
idity
as pa
rt of
the
WTP
upgr
ade.
- Tar
get w
ater q
uality
for t
he W
TP
upgr
ade t
o mee
t req
uirem
ents
for
ADW
G 20
11.
- Sho
rt ter
m - in
stall t
urbid
ity m
eter o
n cle
ar w
ater o
utlet
to en
sure
out o
f spe
c wa
ter do
es no
t rea
ch co
nsum
ers.
- Inc
lude a
larms
for h
igh (a
lert)
and
high h
igh (s
hut d
own)
.
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- Plan
t shu
t dow
n on
treate
d wate
r tur
bidity
(0.8
NTU)
- Bac
kwas
h on t
ime,
head
loss a
nd tu
rbidi
ty- R
ipenin
g of fi
lter t
o wa
ste
- Visu
al ins
pecti
on- T
reate
d wate
r tur
bidity
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)Ba
ckwa
sh is
norm
ally t
rigge
red e
very
60 ho
urs.
Turb
idity
brea
kthro
ugh b
ackw
ash o
ccur
s ver
y rar
ely, o
nly in
resp
onse
to
a fail
ure w
ith th
e floc
culat
ion pr
oces
s.Co
nfide
ntN/
A
Kyog
leFlu
oride
Mode
rate
Poss
ible
Medi
um
(9)
- Inh
eren
t sys
tem de
sign
in ac
cord
ance
with
Flu
oride
Cod
e.- P
lant c
an be
shut
down
ind
epen
dent
of tre
atmen
t pr
oces
ses.
- Dail
y at W
TP.
- Mon
thly v
erific
ation
in re
ticula
tion
(FAS
S La
b).
Mino
rRa
reLo
w (2
)Flu
oride
dosin
g sys
tem up
grad
ed in
2008
.Ce
rtain
N/A
Bona
lbo
Fluor
ideMo
dera
tePo
ssibl
eMe
dium
(9
)
- Inh
eren
t sys
tem de
sign
in ac
cord
ance
with
Flu
oride
Cod
e.- P
lant c
an be
shut
down
ind
epen
dent
of tre
atmen
t pr
oces
ses.
- Dail
y at W
TP.
- Mon
thly v
erific
ation
in re
ticula
tion
(FAS
S La
b).
Mino
rRa
reLo
w (2
)Re
sults
show
some
value
s high
er th
an he
alth g
uideli
ne -
these
wer
e ide
ntifie
d and
addr
esse
d dur
ing co
mmiss
ioning
.Ce
rtain
N/A
Risk T-10
DAF
Failu
re o
f the
DAF
F un
it
Inade
quate
floata
tion
leadin
g to s
olids
se
ttleme
nt an
d soli
ds
carry
over
into
filter
s.
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Man
gane
se- I
ron
- DBP
s
Risk T-9
Clarification
Inad
equa
te so
lids
rem
oval
Solid
s pas
sing o
ver in
to filt
ers d
ue to
:- B
oil up
- Ina
dequ
ate re
mova
l
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Man
gane
se- I
ron
- Alum
inium
- DBP
s
Risk T-11
Filtration
Filt
er b
reak
-thro
ugh
Filter
brea
k-thr
ough
ca
using
elev
ated t
urbid
ity
- Tur
bidity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Man
gane
se- I
ron
- Alum
inium
- DBP
s
Risk T-12
Fluoridation
Over
dosin
g of
Fl
uorid
eFlu
oride
grea
ter th
an
ADW
G in
treate
d wate
rFlu
oride
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
WTP
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Hazardous Event Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Potential Hazard
Kyog
lepH
Mino
rLik
elyMe
dium
(8
)
- Dos
e pum
p is n
ot of
suffic
ient s
ize to
over
dose
.- D
ose i
s man
ually
ad
justed
to a
pH se
t poin
t.
- pH
monit
ored
in cl
ear w
ater t
ank.
- Dail
y sam
pling
in W
TP la
b.Mi
nor
Rare
Low
(2)
- Pum
ps ca
nnot
pump
enou
gh ca
ustic
to br
ing up
the p
H hig
h eno
ugh t
o cau
se an
impa
ct.- C
urre
nt se
tpoint
for p
H is
7.5.
- Lev
el of
certa
inty i
s bec
ause
the s
ampli
ng po
int is
clos
e to
the do
se po
int.
Relia
ble
- Aug
menta
tion w
ill all
ow fo
r re
locati
on
of sa
mplin
g poin
t awa
y fro
m do
se
point
.- R
esult
s will
be m
ore r
epre
senta
tive o
f ac
tual p
H.- R
eview
loca
tion o
f cau
stic d
osing
po
int to
outgo
ing cl
ear w
ater.
Bona
lbo
pHMo
dera
teLik
elyHi
gh (1
2)- F
eedb
ack l
oop l
inked
to
onlin
e pH
meter
.
- Wee
kly sa
mplin
g in r
eticu
lation
.- D
aily t
estin
g at W
TP.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
equip
ment
when
W
TP is
man
ned.
- Onli
ne pH
mon
itorin
g on c
lear w
ater
outpu
t.
Mode
rate
Poss
ible
Medi
um (9
)
- Fee
dbac
k loo
p is d
owns
tream
of do
sing p
oint.
- Setp
oint 7
.8.- p
H us
ually
betw
een 6
- 6.5
leav
ing th
e plan
t.- M
ay be
an is
sue o
f cali
brati
on of
prob
es.
- Eac
h batc
h of c
austi
c app
ears
to aff
ect p
H.
Confi
dent
- Inv
estig
ate ca
libra
tion o
f pH
prob
e an
d cau
stic d
osing
syste
m.- C
omme
nce t
estin
g pH
in re
ticula
tion.
Kyog
leVi
ruse
sCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- Onli
ne ch
lorine
mo
nitor
ing in
strum
ent w
ith
alarm
.- C
apac
ity in
rese
rvoirs
all
ows t
ime t
o cor
rect
or
repa
ir dos
ing in
strum
ents.
- Wee
kly sa
mplin
g in r
eticu
lation
.- D
aily t
estin
g at W
TP.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
equip
ment
when
W
TP is
man
ned.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
- 45 m
inutes
conta
ct tim
e in c
lear w
ater t
ank e
stima
ted on
tan
k volu
me an
d flow
.- P
otenti
al for
shor
t circ
uiting
in C
lear W
ater T
ank.
- Mos
t rele
vant
haza
rdou
s eve
nt is
mech
anica
l failu
re of
do
sing s
ystem
.- O
nline
chlor
ine m
onito
r is lo
cated
clos
e to d
ose p
oint,
resu
lting i
n ove
r alar
ming
.
Confi
dent
- Inv
estig
ate op
tions
for m
oving
onlin
e ch
lorine
mon
itor f
urthe
r fro
m do
sing
point
.- I
nves
tigate
SMS
alar
ms fo
r high
and
low ch
lorine
.
Bona
lbo
Bacte
riaCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- Fixe
d rate
dosin
g (se
t po
int of
1.4 m
g/L).
- Duty
stan
dby p
umps
.- S
CADA
alar
ms on
low
chlor
ine (0
.75 m
g/L).
- Wee
kly sa
mplin
g in r
eticu
lation
.- D
aily C
l testi
ng at
WTP
.- V
isual
monit
oring
of eq
uipme
nt wh
en
WTP
is m
anne
d.- O
nline
mon
itorin
g on c
lear w
ater
outpu
t.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
- Chlo
rine d
osed
befor
e clea
r wate
r.- P
roce
ss de
signe
d so t
hat c
lear w
ater t
ank c
an on
ly be
dr
awn d
own t
o a ce
rtain
level
to en
sure
a 30
minu
te co
ntact
time.
- It is
unkn
own i
f ther
e is a
n iss
ue w
ith sh
ort c
ircuit
ing, b
ut the
re is
addit
ional
Ct in
rese
rvoir.
- One
E. c
oli fa
ilure
has o
ccur
red p
revio
usly
howe
ver t
his
was c
onsid
ered
to be
a re
ticula
tion i
ssue
.
Certa
inInv
estig
ate S
MS al
armi
ng an
d plan
t sh
ut do
wn on
low
level
chlor
ine.
Kyog
leCh
lorine
Mode
rate
Poss
ible
Medi
um
(9)
- Onli
ne ch
lorine
mo
nitor
ing in
strum
ent w
ith
alarm
.- C
apac
ity in
rese
rvoirs
all
ows t
ime t
o cor
rect
or
repa
ir dos
ing in
strum
ents.
- Wee
kly sa
mplin
g in r
eticu
lation
.- D
aily t
estin
g at W
TP.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
equip
ment
when
W
TP is
man
ned.
Mode
rate
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(6)
'- Fail
ure o
f pre
ssur
e valv
e led
to an
insta
nce o
f chlo
rine
being
over
dose
d in t
he pa
st.- C
hlorin
e pum
p con
tinue
d to p
ump w
hen w
ater w
as no
t be
ing pu
mped
- fau
lt with
clea
r wate
r pum
p.- S
witch
boar
d call
s for
dosin
g whe
n clea
r wate
r pum
ps ar
e in
fault.
- One
insta
nce o
f a re
siden
t com
plaint
of sk
in ra
sh.
Confi
dent
- Inv
estig
ate op
tions
for m
oving
onlin
e ch
lorine
mon
itor f
urthe
r fro
m do
sing
point
.- I
nclud
e SMS
alar
ms fo
r high
and l
ow
chlor
ine.
Bona
lbo
Chlor
ineMi
nor
Unlik
elyLo
w (4
)
- Fixe
d rate
dosin
g.- D
uty st
andb
y pum
ps.
- SMS
alar
m an
d shu
t do
wn on
high
chlor
ine (2
.5 mg
/L).
- Pum
ps no
t size
d to a
llow
for ov
erdo
sing (
0.4 l/h
our).
- Dos
e pum
ps in
terloc
ked
with
flow
switc
h and
clea
r wa
ter pu
mps.
- Wee
kly sa
mplin
g in r
eticu
lation
.- D
aily t
estin
g at W
TP.
- Visu
al mo
nitor
ing of
equip
ment
when
W
TP is
man
ned.
- Onli
ne m
onito
ring o
n clea
r wate
r ou
tput.
Insign
ifican
tRa
reLo
w (1
)On
e inc
ident
of PL
C fai
lure w
here
chlor
ine co
ntinu
ed to
dose
on
a low
flow
which
could
only
be de
tected
by vi
sual
inspe
ction
.Co
nfide
ntN/
A
Risk T-13
pH Correction
Failu
re o
f tre
ated
wa
ter p
H co
rrect
ion
(Sod
ium
hyd
roxid
e do
sing)
Unde
rdos
ing or
ov
erdo
sing o
f cau
stic
(sodiu
m hy
drox
ide)
impa
cting
on pH
pH
Risk T-15
Residual Disinfection
Over
dos
e of
chlo
rine
Chlor
ine hi
gher
than
AD
WG
guide
line v
alue i
n tre
ated w
ater
Chlor
ine
Risk T-14
Residual Disinfection
Insu
fficie
nt ch
lorin
e Ct
(con
cent
ratio
n x
time)
Poor
disin
fectio
n- V
iruse
s- B
acter
ia
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 D December 2012
Appendix D
Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Distribution
Dis
trib
utio
n - M
axim
um &
Res
idua
l Ris
k
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Residual Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Confi
dent
None
Chlor
ine m
onito
ring i
n re
ticula
tion
- Ver
min p
roofi
ng on
all re
servi
ors.
- Chlo
rine r
esidu
al in
rese
rvior
s.
- Bon
albo a
nd
Woo
denb
ong v
isual
inspe
ction
daily
.- W
eekly
site
inspe
ction
at
Kyog
le.- M
onthl
y to q
uarte
rly
inspe
ction
.- B
iennia
l dive
r ins
pecti
ons o
f re
servi
ors.
- Mon
itorin
g in
retic
ulatio
n.
No hi
story
of va
ndali
sm at
rese
rvior
s.Co
nfide
ntN/
A
- Mos
t of r
eser
viors
have
comm
on in
let/ou
tlet.
- Woo
denb
ong h
as se
para
te in/
out -
both
botto
m.- B
onalb
o top
fill, b
ottom
outle
t.- G
enev
a has
an ac
tuated
valve
to le
t wate
r in an
d a
non r
eturn
valve
.- R
esidu
al is
fairly
cons
tant in
retic
ulatio
n alth
ough
so
me is
sues
durin
g sum
mer, b
ut mo
stly c
onsid
ered
to
be du
e to s
tagna
tion.
Confi
dent
N/A
N/A
- Not
identi
fied a
s an i
ssue
for a
ny re
servi
ors o
ther
than G
enev
a- G
enev
a can
rema
in un
used
if Ge
neva
retic
ulatio
n us
e only
wate
r in th
e tru
nk m
ain -
need
to th
rottle
wa
ter ba
ck do
wn th
e tru
nk m
ain to
drain
the r
eser
voir
and a
ssist
in re
duce
stag
natio
n.- D
ischa
rge p
oint fr
om G
enev
a is o
nto pr
ivate
prop
erty
and a
ppro
val is
requ
ired.
Confi
dent
Inves
tigate
optio
ns fo
r im
prov
ing tu
rnov
er in
Gen
eva
Rese
rvoir e
.g. in
stallin
g an
actua
tor va
lve to
allow
for d
raw
down
in th
e res
ervo
ir.
Gene
va ha
s som
e iss
ues w
ith ru
sting
box g
utter
s, ho
weve
r wate
r con
tamina
tion h
as no
t bee
n ide
ntifie
d.Re
liable
Inves
tigate
repa
ir of r
oof a
t Ge
neva
Res
ervo
ir.
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(8)
Major
- Pre
vious
detec
tion o
f sed
imen
t in K
yogle
Res
ervio
rs up
to 60
0mm
deep
.- R
eser
voir l
ow le
vel d
rawd
own a
roun
d 80%
.
- No a
cces
s gra
nted t
o thir
d par
ties
(telec
ommu
nicati
ons e
tc).
- Sec
ure r
eser
voir a
cces
s step
lad
ders
in ma
n pro
of en
closu
res.
- Loc
ked h
atche
s.- C
hlorin
e res
idual.
- Bon
albo a
nd
Woo
denb
ong v
isual
inspe
ction
daily
.- W
eekly
site
inspe
ction
at
Kyog
le.- M
onthl
y to q
uarte
rly
inspe
ction
.- B
iennia
l dive
r ins
pecti
ons o
f re
servi
ors.
- Mon
itorin
g in
retic
ulatio
n.
None
Chlor
ine m
onito
ring i
n re
ticula
tion.
- Bien
nial d
iver c
leanin
g cyc
le.- O
ff stre
am st
orag
e will
resu
lt in
more
cons
isten
t raw
wate
r qua
lity in
Ky
ogle.
- Low
leve
l setp
oints
in re
servi
ors t
o av
oid se
dimen
ts be
ing di
sturb
ed.
- Lev
els in
rese
rvior
s.- B
iennia
l dive
r ins
pecti
on.
Major
Rare
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Medi
um (5
)
Mino
rRa
reLo
w (2
)
Major
Stag
natio
n lea
ding t
o: - T
aste
and o
dour
issu
es- P
otenti
al gr
owth
of ba
cteria
in th
e sys
tem- L
oss o
f DO
- Cha
nge i
n pH
poten
tially
due t
o diss
olutio
n of
asse
ts
- Bac
teria
- Tas
te an
d odo
ur- p
H- D
O- A
mmon
ia- N
itrite
- Chlo
rine -
low
Reservoirs Cont
amin
atio
n by
ve
rmin
Acce
ss by
anim
als -
includ
ing bi
rds,
leadin
g to:
- Micr
obiol
ogica
l con
tamina
tion -
from
anim
al dr
oppin
gs an
d dea
d anim
als- L
oss o
f disi
nfecti
on re
sidua
l due
to ad
dition
ch
lorine
dema
nd
Bacte
ria
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(8)
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(8)
Bacte
riaMa
jor
Bacte
riaMa
jor
Bacte
riaMa
jorPo
ssibl
eHi
gh (1
2)
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Turb
idity
Mino
r
Bacte
riaMa
jor
Unlik
elyLo
w (4
)
Potential Hazard
Reservoirs Cont
amin
atio
n of
re
serv
oirs
due
to
acce
ss b
y thi
rd p
artie
s
Acce
ss by
huma
ns, in
cludin
g main
tenan
ce an
d wi
llful o
ppor
tunist
ic va
ndali
sm (e
.g. ph
one t
ower
ins
tallat
ion by
telco
s)
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Tox
ins- H
ydro
carb
ons
ReservoirsRisk D-1 Risk D-2 Risk D-3 Risk D-4 Risk D-5
Reservoirs Poor
mixi
ng w
ithin
a re
serv
oir
Poor
mixi
ng in
a re
servo
ir lea
ding t
o:- P
ocke
ts of
incre
ased
wate
r age
and r
educ
ed
quali
ty wa
ter- T
aste
and o
dour
issu
es- P
otenti
al gr
owth
of ba
cteria
in th
e sys
tem- L
oss o
f DO
- Cha
nge i
n pH
poten
tially
due t
o diss
olutio
n of
asse
ts.
Stag
natio
n in
re
serv
iors
- Bac
teria
- Opp
ortun
istic
patho
gens
- Tur
bidity
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Reservoirs Dist
urba
nce o
f Se
dim
ent
Stirr
ing of
fore
ign m
atter
lead
ing to
:- I
ncre
ased
turb
idity
- Tas
te an
d odo
ur is
sues
- Mob
ility o
f path
ogen
s in t
he sy
stem
- Los
s of D
O
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Tur
bidity
- Tas
te an
d odo
ur- C
olour
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Residual Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Potential Hazard
- Cur
rentl
y the
re is
no dr
ainag
e or m
onito
ring p
rogr
am
in pit
s, ho
weve
r the
re is
a pr
oces
s for
flush
ing
follow
ing re
pairs
.- N
o iss
ues i
denti
fied.
Relia
bleN/
A
N/A
Confi
dent
N/A
- Res
ult of
brea
ks in
main
s, fire
fighti
ng, d
eep f
rosts
tha
t are
pred
omina
ntly o
ut of
Coun
cil's
abilit
y to
contr
ol.- N
o air s
cour
ing re
quire
d sinc
e the
insta
llatio
n of
filtra
tion.
- Acc
ess t
o reti
culat
ion is
limite
d to d
epots
(wate
r filli
ng
statio
ns).
Confi
dent
N/A
None
- No k
nown
issu
es w
ith ill
egal
conn
ectio
ns.
- Mos
t kno
wn hi
gh ris
k cus
tomer
s hav
e bac
kflow
pr
even
tion d
evice
s how
ever,
ther
e is n
o com
plian
ce
proc
ess t
o foll
ow up
on te
sting
.- R
elian
ce on
custo
mers
to "d
o the
right
thing
".- N
o bac
kflow
requ
ired o
n catt
le tro
ughs
- re
ly on
air
gaps
.- C
urre
ntly K
yogle
Cou
ncil p
romo
te air
gaps
on
rainw
ater t
anks
.
Unce
rtain
- Inv
estig
ate th
e retr
ofit o
f ba
ckflo
w pr
even
tion d
evice
s to
all se
wage
sites
.- I
mplem
ent p
rogr
am of
annu
al co
mplia
nce m
onito
ring f
or th
e tes
ting o
f bac
kflow
prev
entio
n de
vices
.
- Reg
ular p
rogr
am of
flush
ing
identi
fied d
ead e
nds (
ever
y 6 -
8 we
eks).
- Chlo
rine r
esidu
al tes
ting i
n reti
culat
ion
pred
omina
tely a
t dea
d en
ds.
- Wee
kly ba
cterio
logica
l mo
nitor
ing at
dead
en
ds.
- Com
munit
y co
mplai
nts pr
oces
s.
- Main
s flus
hing.
- Air s
cour
ing w
hen r
equir
ed.
- Con
trolle
d acc
ess t
o reti
culat
ion
by th
ird pa
rties.
- Chlo
rine r
esidu
al.
- Chlo
rine r
esidu
al tes
ting i
n reti
culat
ion
pred
omina
tely a
t dea
d en
ds.
- Wee
kly ba
cterio
logica
l mo
nitor
ing at
dead
en
ds.
- Com
munit
y co
mplai
nts pr
oces
s.
- Con
stant
pres
sure
in pi
pe lin
e.- S
pring
load
ed ai
r valv
es.
- Cov
ered
pits.
- Flus
hing p
roce
ss fo
llowi
ng re
pairs
.- R
esidu
al in
retic
ulatio
n.
Wee
kly re
ticula
tion
monit
oring
- Bac
kflow
prev
entio
n on m
ost h
igh
risk c
ustom
ers.
- Chlo
rine r
esidu
al.
Unlik
elyLo
w (4
)
Poss
ible
High
(12)
Pipelines Stag
nant
wat
er in
pi
pelin
es
Stag
nant
water
in pi
pelin
es ca
used
by:
- Dea
d end
s- P
ipes l
ow w
ater d
eman
ds or
moth
ballin
g
Lead
ing to
:- M
icrob
iolog
ical c
ontam
inatio
n - fr
om lo
w ch
lorine
re
sidua
ls an
d low
diss
olved
oxyg
en- T
aste
and o
dour
comp
ound
s- L
ow ch
lorine
resid
uals
- Low
diss
olved
oxyg
en
- Iro
n- M
anga
nese
- Colo
ur- D
issolv
ed ox
ygen
- pH
- Tas
te an
d odo
ur- T
urbid
ity- A
mmon
ia- N
itrite
Bacte
riaMa
jor
High
flow
or o
ther
ev
ent c
ausin
g slo
ughi
ng o
f bio
film
s
High
flow
and r
apid
chan
ges i
n flow
rate
in pip
eline
s.
Lead
ing to
:Sc
ourin
g and
slou
ghing
of sl
imes
and s
edim
ent.
- Tur
bidity
- Tas
te &
odou
r- B
acter
ia- T
oxic
metal
s- C
olour
- Viru
ses
- Pro
tozoa
- Alum
inium
- Iro
n- M
anga
nese
Turb
idity
Mino
r
- Bac
teria
- Opp
ortun
istic
patho
gens
- Pro
tozoa
- Viru
ses
- Hyd
roca
rbon
s- T
aste
and o
dour
Bacte
riaMa
jor
Bacte
riaMa
jorUn
likely
Medi
um (8
)
Risk D-9Risk D-8Risk D-6 Risk D-7
Pipelines Ingr
ess o
f co
ntam
inan
ts n
on-
pota
ble w
ater
Ingre
ss po
tentia
lly th
roug
h:- P
ipe jo
ints.
- Air v
alves
.- L
eakin
g valv
es an
d hyd
rants
.- A
ging i
nfras
tructu
re.
- Sco
urs.
- Pipe
burst
.- P
ipe re
pairs
.- L
ow pr
essu
re -
very
high f
lows (
e.g. fi
refig
hting
).
Lead
ing to
:- M
icrob
iolog
ical c
ontam
inatio
n - T
urbid
ity
- Pote
ntial
for ch
emica
l con
tamina
tion -
inclu
ding
heav
y meta
ls an
d petr
oche
mica
ls - T
aste
and o
dour
comp
ound
s.
- Bac
teria
- Tas
te &
orde
r- C
olour
- Tur
bidity
- Pro
tozoa
- Viru
ses
- Tox
ic me
tals
- Hyd
roca
rbon
s- T
oxins
PipelinesPipelines Back
flow
Back
flow
from
a thir
d par
ties a
sset:
- Ille
gal c
onne
ction
(con
necti
on no
t to th
e plu
mbing
code
)- U
ninten
tiona
l flow
from
a do
wnstr
eam
custo
mer's
as
set d
ue to
oper
ation
al er
ror
- Two
-way
oper
ation
of a
main
Lead
ing to
:- P
otenti
al mi
crobio
logica
l con
tamina
tion
- Che
mica
l con
tamina
tion
- Tas
te an
d odo
ur is
sues
Mino
rRa
reLo
w (2
)
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management Systems
12NS07-R82-1.0 E December 2012
Appendix E
Maximum and Residual Risk Register – Whole of system
Syst
em -
Max
imum
& R
esid
ual R
isk
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Residual Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Risk A-1
Whole of System
Form
atio
n of
di
sinfe
ctio
n by
-pr
oduc
ts
The a
dditio
n of c
hlorin
e to w
ater
conta
ining
disin
fectio
n by-
prod
uct p
recu
rsors.
Lead
ing to
the f
orma
tion o
f:- T
HMs
- HAA
s- C
hlora
te
Disin
fectio
n by-
prod
ucts
Disin
fectio
n by-
prod
ucts
(e.g.
TH
Ms, N
DMA
& HA
As)
Mode
rate
Poss
ible
Medi
um (9
)- F
iltrati
on to
remo
ve
prec
urso
rs (o
rgan
ics).
- Coa
gulat
ionNo
neMi
nor
Unlik
elyLo
w (4
)
- Not
part
of NS
W H
ealth
Mon
itorin
g Pro
gram
.- C
hlorin
e can
conta
in a h
igh pr
opor
tion o
f chlo
rate
when
stor
ed fo
r exte
nded
perio
ds.
- Chlo
rate
curre
ntly d
oes n
ot ha
ve a
guide
line v
alue
howe
ver, i
t is ex
pecte
d to b
e set
in the
next
revis
ion of
the
ADW
G be
twee
n 0.3
mg/L
and 0
.8 mg
/L.
Unce
rtain
- Inv
estig
ate re
ques
ting N
SW H
ealth
to
monit
or D
BPs i
n mon
itorin
g pro
gram
.- K
eep a
watc
hing b
rief o
n chlo
rate
issue
s and
an
y cha
nges
to A
DWG
guide
line v
alues
.
Risk A-2
Whole of System
The u
se o
f un
suita
ble
chem
icals
or
mat
erial
s
Use o
f con
tamina
ted an
d un
suita
ble m
ateria
ls in
the
syste
m, le
ading
to ch
emica
l co
ntami
natio
n of w
ater.
- Disi
nfecti
on by
-pr
oduc
ts- H
ydro
carb
ons
- Tox
ic me
tals
- Tox
ins- p
H
Toxin
s (u
nkno
wn
conta
mina
nt)Mi
nor
Unlik
elyLo
w (4
)
- Rep
utable
chem
ical
supp
liers
with
suita
ble IS
O ac
credit
ation
s.- I
ndus
try an
d Aus
tralia
n sta
ndar
ds.
- Ope
rator
train
ing an
d aw
aren
ess.
- MSD
S Sh
eets.
- Fill
point
s clea
rly la
beled
and
identi
fied.
- Man
age o
rder
s to e
nsur
e tha
t chlo
rine i
s not
store
d for
ex
tende
d per
iods.
- Visu
al Ch
ecks
.- O
pera
tors c
heck
off
deliv
eries
.Mi
nor
Rare
Low
(2)
No is
sues
iden
tified
Relia
bleN/
A
Risk A-3
Whole of System
Telem
etry
or
cont
rol s
yste
m
failu
re
Failu
re of
comm
unica
tion
proc
esse
s res
ulting
in m
ultipl
e po
ssibl
e imp
acts
Lead
ing to
equip
ment
oper
ating
un
supe
rvise
d and
poten
tial
water
quali
ty ha
zard
s.
- Bac
teria
- Pro
tozoa
- Viru
ses
- Tur
bidity
Redu
ced o
utput
volum
eMi
nor
Unlik
elyLo
w (4
)Sp
are e
quipm
ent a
vaila
ble on
sit
e.Da
ily op
erato
r mon
itorin
gMi
nor
Rare
Low
(2)
No is
sues
iden
tified
Confi
dent
N/A
Risk A-4
Whole of System
Lack
of
train
ing
Lack
of tr
aining
and e
xper
ience
of
staff,
includ
ing co
ntrac
tors,
leadin
g to p
otenti
al wa
ter
quali
ty im
pacts
.
All h
azar
dsBa
cteria
Major
Poss
ible
High
(12)
- All o
pera
tors h
ave o
r are
in
traini
ng fo
r Cer
t III o
r abo
ve.
- Cer
t IV fo
r sen
ior op
erato
rs.- O
n the
job t
raini
ng an
d inf
orma
l men
toring
.
Inte
rnal
supe
rvisi
on- r
eview
of re
sults
by
Mana
gers.
Exte
rnal
Supe
rvisi
on- N
OW ov
ersig
ht.
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)Op
erati
onal
proc
edur
es sh
ould
be fo
rmali
sed a
nd
docu
mente
d to i
mpro
ve tr
aining
.Co
nfide
ntIm
prov
e doc
umen
tation
of pr
oced
ures
.
Risk A-5
Whole of System
Lack
of
reso
urce
s
Lack
of re
sour
ces r
esult
ing in
re
ducti
on of
proa
ctive
O&M
wo
rk an
d sub
sequ
ent s
ystem
iss
ues (
e.g. c
ontro
l mea
sure
s no
t app
ropr
iately
imple
mente
d),
leadin
g to p
otenti
al wa
ter qu
ality
impa
cts.
All h
azar
dsBa
cteria
Major
Poss
ible
High
(12)
- Ade
quate
budg
eting
.- F
orwa
rd an
d stra
tegic
plann
ing.
- Ass
et ma
nage
ment
plann
ing.
- Rec
ruitm
ent o
f long
term
loc
al re
siden
ts .
None
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)Of
ten di
fficult
to re
cruit a
nd re
tain s
killed
staff
pa
rticula
rly in
small
town
s.Co
nfide
ntKe
ep in
volve
d in r
egion
al re
sour
ce sh
aring
Risk A-6
Whole of System
Supp
ly of
non
co
mpl
iant
wate
r fro
m
Urbe
nville
WTP
Lack
of a
forma
l agr
eeme
nt be
twee
n Ten
terfie
ld an
d Kyo
gle
Coun
cils.
All h
azar
dsPr
otozo
aCa
tastro
phic
Poss
ible
High
(15)
- For
mal a
gree
ment
for su
pply
from
Tente
rfield
Coun
cil.
- Rec
hlorin
ation
at bo
oster
pu
mp st
ation
upstr
eam
of Mu
li Mu
li.- I
ntegr
ated t
eleme
try sy
stem
to mo
nitor
Urb
envil
le.
- Wee
kly ba
cto, C
l and
Tu
rbidi
ty mo
nitor
ing in
Muli
Mu
li and
Woo
denb
ong
- Tele
metry
Major
Unlik
elyMe
dium
(8)
- Reg
ular in
terac
tion b
etwee
n ope
ratio
nal s
taff a
nd
lines
of co
mmun
icatio
n betw
een m
anag
emen
t.- F
orma
l agr
eeme
nt ha
s not
been
sign
ed.
- Pote
ntial
issue
s with
ongo
ing bi
lling.
Confi
dent
- Com
munic
ation
and o
pera
tiona
l pro
tocols
to
be de
velop
ed be
twee
n Kyo
gle an
d Ten
terfile
d.- I
nstal
l onli
ne tu
rbidi
ty mo
nitor
ing an
d alar
m at
boos
ter pu
mp st
ation
site.
Potential Hazard
Ref
Component
Hazardous Event
Limiting Hazard/s
MaximumConsequence
MaximumLikelihood
Maximum Risk
Preventive Measures
Monitoring
ResidualConsequence
ResidualLikelihood
Residual Risk
Comments
Level of Uncertainty
Risk Treatments
Potential Hazard
Risk A-7
Whole of System
Lack
of
hygi
ene d
urin
g op
erat
ion
and
main
tena
nce
Rese
rvoir a
nd pi
pelin
e ma
inten
ance
, clea
ning a
nd
inade
quate
hygie
ne pr
actic
es.
Lead
ing to
:- M
icrob
iolog
ical c
ontam
inatio
n- T
urbid
ity
- Bac
teria
- Viru
ses
- Tas
te an
d odo
ur- T
urbid
ity- C
olour
Proto
zoa
Major
Poss
ible
High
(12)
- Ope
rator
awar
enes
s, tra
ining
an
d risk
awar
enes
s.- N
o equ
ivalen
t com
pone
ntry
betw
een p
otable
and w
aste
water
so of
ten eq
uipme
nt is
comp
letely
diffe
rent.
- Per
sona
l hyg
iene t
hrou
gh
traini
ng.
None
Major
Rare
Medi
um (5
)
- Ope
rator
s wor
k betw
een S
TP an
d WTP
.- N
o for
mal p
rotoc
ols fo
r san
itatio
n.- E
xcav
ator a
nd po
wer s
aw ar
e the
only
tools
likely
to
be us
ed in
both
potab
le an
d was
te wa
ter.
Confi
dent
Form
alise
hygie
ne pr
oced
ures
and d
isinfe
ction
pr
oced
ures
for t
ools
and e
quipm
ent.
Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 B December 2012
Appendix B
Drinking Water Quality Policy
POLICY NO: TS-7 POLICY NAME: DRINKING WATER QUALITY POLICY VALIDITY: 280512/9 REVIEWED: MAY 2012 OBJECTIVE
1. Kyogle Council is committed to managing its water supplies effectively to provide a safe, high-quality drinking water that consistently meets the NHMRC/NRMMC Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, and consumer and other regulatory requirements.
BACKGROUND
1. The NSW Government has approved the ADWG 2004 (Guidelines) for implementation as a model of best practice in New South Wales. The Guidelines are a joint publication of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the National Resource Management Ministerial Council (NRMMC). The Guidelines define the quality of water suitable for human consumption, and provide advice on protecting water supplies. The Guidelines provide a solid foundation for assessing water quality by specifying health-based and aesthetic criteria as well as describing the philosophy of a multiple barrier approach from catchment to tap to ensure the safety of the water. This is embodied in the Guidelines as the “Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality”.
2. The Public Health Act 2010 provides the NSW regulatory mechanism for compliance with the ADWG. This has recently been embodied in Part 5 of the (Draft) Public Health Regulation:
Pa r t 5 Sa fe t y m e a su re s fo r d r in kin g w a t e r 27 Qu a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m s (1) Fo r t h e p u rp o se s o f se c t io n 25 (1) o f t h e Act , a q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m m u st a d d re ss t h e e le m e n t s o f t h e Fra m e w o rk fo r Ma n ag e m e n t o f Dr in kin g Wa t e r Qu a lit y (a s se t o u t in t h e Au st r a lian Dr in kin g Wa t e r Gu id e lin e s p u b lish e d b y t h e Na t io n a l He a lt h a n d Me d ica l Re se a rch Co u n cil) t h a t a re r e le va n t t o t h e o p e ra t io n s o f t h e su p p lie r o f d r in kin g w a t e r co n ce rn e d . (2) A su p p lie r o f d r in kin g w a t e r m u st p ro vid e a co p y o f it s q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m t o t h e Dir e c t o r -Ge n e ra l. (3) Th e Dir e c t o r -Ge n e ra l m a y a r r an g e fo r t h e r e vie w o f a q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ra m o f a su p p lie r o f d r in kin g w a t e r a t an y t im e . (4) Th e Dir e c t o r -Ge n e ra l m a y m a ke q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce p ro g ram s a n d an y r e vie w s o f su ch p ro g ram s p u b lic ly a va ila b le .
SCOPE This policy applies to all Council operated drinking water supplies within the Kyogle Local Government Area.
POLICY To meet the objectives set out in this policy, and in partnerships with stakeholders and relevant agencies, Kyogle Council will:
• manage water quality at all points along the delivery chain from source water to the consumer;
• use a risk-based approach in which potential threats to water quality are identified and balanced;
• integrate the needs and expectations of our consumers, stakeholders, regulators and employees into our planning;
• establish regular monitoring of the quality of drinking water and effective reporting mechanisms to provide relevant and timely information, and promote confidence in the water supply and its management;
• develop appropriate contingency planning and incident response capability; • participate in appropriate research and development activities to ensure
continued understanding of drinking water quality issues and performance; • contribute to the debate on setting industry regulations and guidelines, and
other standards relevant to public health and the water cycle; • continually improve our practices by assessing performance against
corporate commitments and stakeholder expectations. • implement and maintain a drinking water quality management system
consistent with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines to manage effectively the risks to drinking water quality.
• ensure all managers and employees involved in the supply of drinking water are responsible for understanding, implementing, maintaining and continuously improving the drinking water quality management system.
BUDGETING
1. Council will within its budgetary constraints, endeavour to provide a level of funding each year to meet the management requirements documented in this policy and associated drinking water quality management system.
2. Council will allocate human and financial resources for the implementation of this policy and associated drinking water quality management system, within Council’s budget constraints.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
• Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC/NRMMC as reviewed from time to time)
• NSW Public Health Act 2010 and associated Regulations DURATION AND REVIEW The policy and procedure will be reviewed periodically as required.
Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 C December 2012
Appendix C
Legal and Other Requirements Register
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Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 D December 2012
Appendix D
CCP Procedures
Drinking Water Quality Management System
CCP Procedures
December 2012
viridis.net.au
Drinking Water Quality Management System
CCP Procedures
Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 49 129 185 271 GPO Box 135 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia Tel: 1300 799 310 Fax: 1300 799 350 Web: www.viridis.net.au
Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Drinking Water Quality Management System - CCP Procedures, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.
© Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd 2012
Drinking Water Quality Management System
12QU07 i December 2012
Contents 1� Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1�
2� Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 1�
3� Control Points .................................................................................................................. 1�
4� CCP Procedures ............................................................................................................... 1�
Drinking Water Quality Management System
12QU07 ii December 2012
Document history and status
Revision Date issued Approved by Date approved Revision type
0.1 29/10/2012 K. Pither 29/10/2012 Draft to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G. Kennet Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final
Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Karen Pither Name of client: Kyogle Council
Name of project: Drinking Water Quality Management System Name of document: CCP Procedures Document number R89 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07
Drinking Water Quality Management System
12QU07 1 December 2012
1 Introduction Critical control points (CCPs) are a point, step or procedure at which control can be applied and which is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level.
Appropriate selection of critical control points is an important consideration, as increased focus in process control (monitoring and documentation) for a water supply system will be directed toward these activities and processes. The identity and number of critical control points is system specific and will be determined by the range and magnitude of potential hazards and associated risks. Identification of critical control points may be aided by the use of a decision tree in the Drinking Water Quality Management System (DWMS).
CCPs have several operational requirements, including establishing an appropriate monitoring regime specifying specific parameters and critical limits to ensure the process or activity operates effectively. Failure to meet a critical limit represents loss of control of the process and an unacceptable health risk, either directly, through the supply of unsafe water, or indirectly, where multiple critical control points exist, by exceeding the capacity of subsequent processes. Corrective actions must also be available to re-establish process control when criteria have not been met. If there is a deviation from a critical limit corrective actions also must be available to reduce the health risk from hazards present in the system (ADWG).
This document includes a procedure for the identification of CCPs, a register of CCPs and procedures of how to manage those CCPs.
2 Responsibilities It is the responsibility of Manager Asset Services to ensure that this document is up-to-date.
It is the responsibility of the Manager Asset Services to ensure that CCPs are identified in accordance with this procedure.
It is the responsibility of Manager Asset Services to ensure that the identified CCPs are appropriately implemented and managed.
3 Control Points CCPs were identified in accordance with the DWMS. Four CCPs were identified in the Kyogle Council drinking water scheme for Bonalbo WTP and Kyogle WTP and the Woodenbong Booster Station:
CCP1 - filtration - turbidity CCP2 - disinfection - free chlorine residual CCP3 - rechlorination - free chlorine residual
4 CCP Procedures The following tables identify the monitoring and corrective actions that are required at each CCP. CCP exceedences are to be reported using the Water Quality Log Sheets in use at each Water Treatment Plant. Two consecutive samples refer to immediate resample on the same day. The immediate resample triggers the CCP critical correctional measures.
Drin
king
Wat
er Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t S
yste
m
12Q
U07
2
De
cem
ber 2
012
CCC
P 1
M
on
ito
rin
g
Ste
p: F
iltra
tion
H
azar
d/s
co
ntr
olle
d: P
roto
zoa,
bac
teria
, tur
bidi
ty
Pre
ven
tive
mea
sure
s: B
ackw
ash,
sus
pend
wat
er
treat
men
t; W
TP O
pera
tor
Wh
at:
Turb
idity
P
urp
ose
: To
ens
ure
that
the
wat
er is
sui
tabl
e fo
r dis
infe
ctio
n W
her
e:
Filte
r effl
uent
for c
ombi
ned
filte
rs
Ho
w:
Onl
ine/
Gra
b W
hen
: C
ontin
uous
/Dai
ly
Wh
o:
Ope
rato
r
Ale
rt L
imit
s A
lert
Co
rrec
tio
nal
Mea
sure
s
Ale
rt:
Kyo
gle
an
d B
on
alb
o W
TP
s:
> 0.
8 N
TU
Wh
at:
Imm
edia
tely
che
ck th
e on
line
mon
itor a
nd g
rab
sam
ple
lab
resu
lts to
ver
ify th
e re
sult.
Che
ck ra
w w
ater
turb
idity
and
com
pare
to p
revi
ous
days
resu
lts.
U
nder
take
an
inve
stig
atio
n to
find
the
caus
e fo
r inc
reas
ed tu
rbid
ity, f
ocus
on
coag
ulat
ion/
flocc
ulat
ion
proc
ess,
and
the
DAF
proc
ess
at th
e Bo
nalb
o W
TP.
C
heck
coa
gula
nt d
osin
g sy
stem
ope
ratio
n
Back
was
h fil
ters
and
mon
itor f
ilter
ed w
ater
turb
idity
as
filte
rs c
ome
back
on
line.
Und
erta
ke a
ppro
pria
te a
ctio
n to
redu
ce tu
rbid
ity to
<0.
5 N
TU
Wh
o:
Ope
rato
r R
epo
rtin
g:
Sam
ple
resu
lts a
nd a
ctio
n ta
ken
- Ope
rato
r to
reco
rd d
etai
ls o
n da
ily lo
g sh
eet
Cri
tica
l Lim
its
Cri
tica
l Co
rrec
tio
nal
Mea
sure
s
Cri
tica
l: K
yog
le a
nd
Bo
nal
bo
WT
Ps:
>
1.0N
TU
Wh
at:
Susp
end
wat
er tr
ansf
er im
med
iate
ly.
Im
med
iate
ly ta
ke a
turb
idity
gra
b sa
mpl
e to
ver
ify th
e re
sult.
Dete
rmin
e th
e ca
use
of th
e el
evat
ed tu
rbid
ity, t
ake
appr
opria
te a
ctio
n an
d re
com
men
ce p
umpi
ng
with
the
appr
oval
of t
he W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer.
Wh
o:
Ope
rato
r
Rep
ort
ing
: Sa
mpl
e re
sults
and
act
ion
take
n - O
pera
tor t
o th
e W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer
Exce
eden
ce o
f CC
P C
ritic
al L
imit
– W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer t
o re
port
to th
e M
anag
er A
sset
Se
rvic
es. M
anag
er A
sset
Ser
vice
s to
ele
vate
to T
echn
ical
Ser
vice
s Di
rect
or w
hen
appr
opria
te.
Drin
king
Wat
er Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t S
yste
m
12Q
U07
3
De
cem
ber 2
012
CCC
P 2
M
on
ito
rin
g
Ste
p: D
isin
fect
ion
Haz
ard
/s c
on
tro
lled
: Bac
teria
, viru
ses
Pre
ven
tive
mea
sure
s: C
onta
ct ti
me,
Wh
at:
Free
chl
orin
e P
urp
ose
: To
ens
ure
ther
e is
suf
ficie
nt c
hlor
ine
for d
isin
fect
ion
Wh
ere:
Fi
nish
ed W
ater
Sto
rage
H
ow
: O
nlin
e/G
rab
W
hen
: C
ontin
uous
/Dai
ly
Wh
o:
Ope
rato
r
Ale
rt L
imit
s A
lert
Co
rrec
tio
nal
Mea
sure
s
Ale
rt:
Kyo
gle
an
d B
on
alb
o W
TP
s:
Wh
at:
Imm
edia
tely
take
a c
hlor
ine
grab
sam
ple
to v
erify
the
resu
lt.
If
poss
ible
boo
st c
hlor
ine
leve
ls to
1.0
to 1
.5m
g/L
rang
e W
ho
: O
pera
tor
Rep
ort
ing
: S
ampl
e re
sults
and
act
ion
take
n - W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer
Cri
tica
l Lim
its
Cri
tica
l Co
rrec
tio
nal
Mea
sure
s
Cri
tica
l: K
yog
le a
nd
Bo
nal
bo
WT
Ps:
Lo
w: 0
.2 m
g/L
Hig
h: 2
.00
mg/
L
Wh
at:
Imm
edia
tely
take
a c
hlor
ine
grab
sam
ple
to v
erify
the
resu
lt.
Su
spen
d w
ater
tran
sfer
if th
e re
sam
ple
is <
0.2
or >
2.0
mg/
L.
Re
ctify
issu
e an
d ad
just
chl
orin
e to
at l
east
> 1
.0 m
g/L
and
< 1.
5 m
g/L.
Che
ck re
ticul
atio
n fo
r res
idua
l chl
orin
e an
d re
fer t
o C
CP3
onc
e re
sults
are
kno
wn.
Rec
omm
ence
pum
ping
with
the
appr
oval
of t
he W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer.
Wh
o:
Ope
rato
r R
epo
rtin
g:
Sam
ple
resu
lts a
nd a
ctio
n ta
ken
- Ope
rato
r to
the
Wat
er a
nd S
ewer
age
Ove
rsee
r
Exce
eden
ce o
f CC
P C
ritic
al L
imit
– W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer t
o re
port
to th
e M
anag
er A
sset
Se
rvic
es. M
anag
er A
sset
Ser
vice
s to
ele
vate
to T
echn
ical
Ser
vice
s Di
rect
or w
hen
appr
opria
te.
CCC
P 3
M
on
ito
rin
g
Drin
king
Wat
er Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t S
yste
m
12Q
U07
4
De
cem
ber 2
012
CCC
P 3
M
on
ito
rin
g
Ste
p: R
etic
ulat
ion/
rech
lorin
atio
n H
azar
d/s
co
ntr
olle
d: B
acte
ria; o
ppor
tuni
stic
pa
thog
ens,
viru
ses
& ch
lorin
e P
reve
nti
ve m
easu
res:
C
hlor
ine
resi
dual
mai
ntai
ned;
rech
lorin
atio
n (W
oode
nbon
g)
Wh
at:
Free
chl
orin
e P
urp
ose
: To
ens
ure
ther
e is
suf
ficie
nt c
hlor
ine
to p
reve
nt re
cont
amin
atio
n W
her
e:
Retic
ulat
ion
syst
ems
and
trans
fer m
ains
H
ow
: G
rab
sam
ples
W
hen
: W
eekl
y W
ho
: Ri
chm
ond
Wat
er L
abor
ator
ies
Ale
rt L
imit
s A
lert
Co
rrec
tio
nal
Mea
sure
s
Ale
rt:
< 0.
1 m
g/L
or >
1.0
mg/
L
Wh
at:
Imm
edia
tely
take
an
addi
tiona
l chl
orin
e gr
ab s
ampl
e/s
from
the
retic
ulat
ion
to v
erify
the
resu
lt.
In
vest
igat
e an
d ve
rify
chor
ine
leve
ls a
t tre
atm
ent s
ourc
e, s
ee C
CP2
onc
e re
sults
are
kno
wn
If po
ssib
le b
oost
chl
orin
e le
vels
to 0
.5 m
g/L
by e
ither
incr
easi
ng a
t rec
hlor
inat
ion
poin
t, tre
atm
ent
sour
ce, o
r man
ually
dos
ing
rese
rvoi
r/s
C
onsi
der f
lush
ing
the
rele
vant
mai
ns a
nd d
ead
ends
W
ho
: O
pera
tor
Rep
ort
ing
: S
ampl
e re
sults
and
act
ion
take
n –
Man
ager
Ass
et S
ervi
ces
Cri
tica
l Lim
its
Cri
tica
l Co
rrec
tio
nal
Mea
sure
s
Cri
tica
l:
< 0.
05 o
r > 2
.5 m
g/L
for t
wo
cons
ecut
ive
sam
ples
Wh
at:
Imm
edia
tely
take
an
addi
tiona
l chl
orin
e gr
ab s
ampl
e/s
from
the
retic
ulat
ion
to v
erify
the
resu
lt.
In
vest
igat
e an
d ve
rify
chor
ine
leve
ls a
t tre
atm
ent s
ourc
e, s
ee C
CP2
onc
e re
sults
are
kno
wn
Rect
ify is
sue
and
adju
st c
hlor
ine
to >
0.1
and
< 1
.0 m
g/L
by e
ither
incr
easi
ng a
t rec
hlor
inat
ion
poin
t, tre
atm
ent s
ourc
e, o
r man
ually
dos
ing
rese
rvoi
r/s
C
onsi
der f
lush
ing
the
rele
vant
mai
ns a
nd d
ead
ends
. W
ho
: O
pera
tor
Rep
ort
ing
: Sa
mpl
e re
sults
and
act
ion
take
n - O
pera
tor t
o th
e W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer
Exce
eden
ce o
f CC
P C
ritic
al L
imit
– W
ater
and
Sew
erag
e O
vers
eer t
o re
port
to th
e M
anag
er A
sset
Se
rvic
es. M
anag
er A
sset
Ser
vice
s to
ele
vate
to T
echn
ical
Ser
vice
s Di
rect
or w
hen
appr
opria
te.
Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 E December 2012
Appendix E
Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan
Drinking Water Management System
Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan
December 2012
viridis.net.au
Drinking Water Management System
Operational and Verification
Monitoring Plan
Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 49 129 185 271 GPO Box 135 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia Tel: 1300 799 310 Fax: 1300 799 350 Web: www.viridis.net.au
Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Drinking Water Management System - Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan, prepared for Kyogle by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.
© Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd 2012
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 i December 2012
Contents 1� Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1�
1.1� Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1�
1.2� Scope ....................................................................................................................... 1�
1.3� Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1�
2� Operational Monitoring .................................................................................................... 2�
3� Verification Monitoring .................................................................................................... 4�
4� Event Based Monitoring .................................................................................................. 7�
5� References ........................................................................................................................ 8�
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 ii December 2012
Document history and status
Revision Date issued Approved by Date approved Revision type
0.1 13/11/2012 K. Pither 13/11/2012 Monitoring schedules to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G. Kennet 23/11/2012 Kyogle Council comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final
Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Viridis Consultants Name of client: Kyogle Council
Name of project: Drinking Water Management System Name of document: Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 1 December 2012
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Operational and Verification Monitoring Plan is a supporting document within the Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System (DWMS).
1.2 Scope
This plan covers the monitoring of the Kyogle Councils drinking water treatment system from the raw water sources at Peacock and Richmond Creek, thorugh the Kyogle and Bonalbo Treatment Plants (WTPs), re-chlorination facility at Woodenbong and the distribution system for the Kyogle, Bonalbo and Woodenbong/Muli Muli systems.
1.3 Objectives
The plan aims to: • identify parameters for operational, verification and event based monitoring • identify locations and frequencies for monitoring • identify operational limits (where appropriate)
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 2 December 2012
2 Operational Monitoring The Kyogle WTP operational monitoring requiremesnts are identified below:
Type Parameter Raw Water
Clarke's Lane, Richmond River Water Supply Weir Pool
Clear Water
Fluoride Sampling Location
Physical Biochemial Oxygen Demand M (RWL) Disinfection residual Chlorine D
Physical Colour D D
Chemical Fluoride ion D D M (RWL)
Physical pH D M (RWL) D Physical Suspended solids M (RWL) Chemical Total N M (RWL) Chemical Total P M (RWL) Physical Turbidity D D
Pesticides Organochlorides R Pesticides Organophosphates R
The Bonalbo WTP operational monitoring requiremesnts are identified below:
Type Parameter Raw Water Petrochilos Dam
Raw Water Inlet
Clear Water
Algal Algal cells by type and species M (RWL) Disinfection residual Chlorine (free) D Disinfection residual Chlorine (total) D Physical Colour (apparent) 6M D D
Water Treatment Chemical Fluoride D Chemical Iron (total) 6M W Chemical Manganese (total) 6M W Physical pH 6M D D Physical Turbidity 6M D D
W – Weekly Y – Yearly M – Monthly R – as required 6M – six monthly RWL – Richmond Water Labs
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 3 December 2012
The operational monitoring limits for Kyogle and Bonalbo WTP are identified below:
Type Parameter Clear Water
Algal Algal cells by type and species < 500 cells Disinfection residual Chlorine (free) > 0.5 and < 1.5 mg/L Physical Colour (apparent) < 5 Pt Co
Water Treatment Chemical Fluoride >0.9 and < 1.1 mg/L
Chemical Iron (total) < 0.3 mg/L Chemical Manganese (total) < 0.1 mg/L Physical pH > 7.0 and < 8.5 Physical Turbidity < 1.0 NTU
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 4 December 2012
3 Verification Monitoring Kyogle Council participate in the NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program, the monitoring locations are identified in Table 1. The results from the NSW Health monitoring program are recorded on the NSW Health Drinking Water Database, which Kyogle Council can access and review.
The weekly microbiological samples are collected by Richmond Water Laboratories (RWL) on Councils behalf, and tested by both the RWL and Lismore Pathology Laboratory operated by the North Coast Area Health Service. Results are sent by e-mail to staff at Kyogle Council, Tenterfield Shire Council, and NSW Health as soon as they are available, and interim results are distributed from the Pathology Lab. Review of the results are undertaken by the Manager Asset Services:
• after the result of each microbiological sample is reported • annually for trends and water quality implications Table 1 NSW Health monitoring locations
Water Supply Location Details
Kyogle Water Supply Kyogle area water supply reticulation "Hurley Park"
Site ID KG-01-001 - Mount Street Kyogle - Tap adjacent to reservoir, Hurley Park
Kyogle Water Supply Geneva area water supply reticulation "James Street"
Site ID KG-01-002 - 22 James Street Kyogle - House yard tap
Bonalbo Water Supply Bonalbo water supply reticulation "Bonalbo Amenities"
Site ID KG-02-001 - Tap adjacent to the park Bonalbo
Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply
Urbenville village water supply reticulation "Urbenville Park"
Site ID KG-03-001 - Urbenville Park Urbenville - Tap adjacent to the Tenterfield Shire Depot
Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply
Muli Muli community water supply reticulation "Muli Muli"
Site ID KG-03-002 - Muli Muli Community office Muli Muli - Front tap
Urbenville Muli Muli Woodenbong Water Supply
Woodenbong village water supply reticulation "Woodenbong Police Station"
Site ID KG-03-003 - Swimming pool Woodenbong - tap adjacent to amenities
The verification monitoring requirements are identified below:
Drin
king
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t S
yste
m
12N
S07
5
Dece
mbe
r 201
2
Type
Pa
ram
eter
Kyog
le
Retic
ulat
ion
Kyog
le
Retic
ulat
ion
Hur
ley
Park
Gen
eva
retic
ulat
ion
Jam
es
Stre
et
Kyog
le
Retic
ulat
ion
Rand
om
Sam
ple
Bona
lbo
Retic
ulat
ion
Bona
lbo
Amen
ities
Bona
lbo
Retic
ulat
ion
Bona
lbo
Pool
She
d
Mul
i Mul
i Re
ticul
atio
n LA
LC O
ffice
Woo
denb
ong
Retic
ulat
ion
W
oode
nbon
g Po
lice
Stat
ion
Tool
oom
C
reek
Ex
tract
ion
Poin
t for
U
MM
WW
S
Urb
envi
lle
Retic
ulat
ion
Urb
envi
lle
Villa
ge
Alga
e Al
gae
cells
by
type
an
d sp
ecie
s M
/R
M/R
M
/R
M/R
M
/R
Wat
er T
reat
men
t Che
mic
al
Alum
iniu
m
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Antim
ony
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Arse
nic
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Bariu
m
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Boro
n 6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s C
adm
ium
6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s C
alci
um
6M
6M
6M
Wat
er T
reat
men
t Che
mic
al
Chl
orid
e 6M
W
W
W
W
W
W
M
etal
s C
hrom
ium
6M
6M
6M
Ph
ysic
al
Col
our
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Cop
per
6M
6M
6M
Mic
robi
olog
ical
E
. col
i W
W
W
W
W
W
W
ater
Tre
atm
ent C
hem
ical
Fl
uorid
e
6M
6M
6M
Wat
er T
reat
men
t Che
mic
al
Fluo
ride
ion
6M
M
6M
M
6M
Phys
ical
H
ardn
ess
(as
CaC
O3)
6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s Io
dine
6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s Iro
n 6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s Le
ad
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Mag
nesi
um
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Man
gane
se
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Mer
cury
6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s M
olyb
denu
m
6M
6M
6M
Drin
king
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t S
yste
m
12N
S07
6
Dece
mbe
r 201
2
Met
als
Nic
kel
6M
6M
6M
Gen
eral
N
itrat
e 6M
6M
6M
G
ener
al
Nitr
ite
6M
6M
6M
Phys
ical
pH
6M
W
W
W
W
W
W
Ra
dion
uclid
es
Radi
onuc
lides
6M
6M
6M
M
etal
s Se
leni
um
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Silv
er
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Sodi
um
6M
6M
6M
Met
als
Sulp
hate
6M
6M
6M
Ph
ysic
al
TDS
6M
6M
6M
Org
anic
Dis
infe
ctio
n By
prod
ucts
TH
Ms
Y Y
Y M
icro
biol
ogic
al
Tota
l col
iform
s W
W
W
W
W
W
Ph
ysic
al
True
col
our
6M
6M
6M
Phys
ical
Tu
rbid
ity
6M
W
W
W
W
W
W
Met
als
Zinc
6M
6M
6M
* A
ll sa
mpl
es s
how
n ab
ove
are
colle
cted
by
Rich
mon
d W
ater
La
bora
torie
s Ke
y:
W -
wee
kly
6M -
six
mon
thly
Y
- yea
rly
R - o
r as
requ
ired
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 7 December 2012
4 Event Based Monitoring The event based monitoring requirements for Kyogle Council are identified below: Event Parameters Frequency Location
Lake roll over - grab samples
Arsenic Iron Manganese Lead Turbidity Colour Temperature DO pH
Weekly for 4 weeks
Petrocholis Dam
Lake roll over - profiling
pH Temperature DO Turbidity
Weekly for 4 weeks
Petrocholis Dam
Major inflow event pH Conductivity Turbidiity Colour TDS Faecal coliforms E. coli Aluminium Lead Tin Zinc Arsenic Iron Manganese TOC Cryptosporidium
Twice weekly during flow periods Manganese daily
Bonalbo - Peacock Creek and Petrochilos Dam Kyogle - Richmond River, Kyogle Weir
Bushfire Turbidity Colour TOC
As required Bonalbo - Peacock Creek, Petrochilos Dam Kyogle - Richmond River, Kyogle Weir
Blue-green algae bloom
Blue Green algae count & ID pH DO Cyanotoxins as required
Weekly during bloom
Bonalbo - Reticulation and Petrochilos Dam Woodenbong/Muli Muli - Reticulation Kyogle - Richmond River, Kyogle Weir and reticulation
Drinking Water Management System
12NS07 8 December 2012
5 References NHMRC & NRMMC 2011, National Water Quality Management Strategy: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. 6th Ed., National Health and Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Australian Government, Canberra.
Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 F December 2012
Appendix F Improvement Plan
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System
Improvement Plan
December 2012
viridis.net.au
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 i December 2012
Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System
Improvement Plan
Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 49 129 185 271 GPO Box 135 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia Tel: 1300 799 310 Fax: 1300 799 350 Web: www.viridis.net.au
Citation: Kyogle Council 2012, Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System - Improvement Plan, prepared for Kyogle Council by Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd.
© Viridis Consultants Pty Ltd 2012
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 ii December 2012
Contents 1� Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1�
1.1� Scope ....................................................................................................................... 1�
1.2� Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1�
2� Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................... 2�
3� Improvement Actions ...................................................................................................... 3�
3.1� Identification ............................................................................................................. 3�
3.2� Prioritisation ............................................................................................................. 3�
3.3� Improvements ........................................................................................................ 3�
3.4� Funding .................................................................................................................... 4�
4� Review ............................................................................................................................... 5�
Appendices Appendix A Improvement Schedule ........................................................................................ A
Tables
Table 1 Level 1 Improvement Items .......................................................................................... 3�
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 iii December 2012
Document History and Status
Revision Date issued Approved by Date approved Revision type
0.1 4/10/12 K. Pither 4/10/2012 Draft to Kyogle Council 0.2 23/11/2012 G. Kennet 23/11/2012 Kyogle Council Comments 1.0 11/12/2012 J. Howey 11/12/2012 Final
Author: Karen Pither Project manager: Karen Pither Name of client: Kyogle Council
Name of project: Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System Name of document: Improvement Plan Document number R94 Document version: 1.0 Project number 12NS07
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 1 December 2012
1 Introduction This is the Improvement Plan for the Kyogle Council Drinking Water Management System (DWMS). It has been developed to address identified needs for the full implementation of the DWMS and compliance with the NSW Guidelines for Drinking Water Management Systems (Draft 2012) (the Guideline).
This Improvement Plan demonstrates how Kyogle Council will address the risks identified in the risk assessment and areas requiring improvement to implement the 12 Elements of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 (ADWG). The Plan outlines the management measures, timeframes and responsibility for implementation.
1.1 Scope
This Improvement Plan encompasses the improvements that have been identified through the development of the DWMS including the water quality risk assessment process or to improve compliance with the Guideline.
1.2 Objectives
The ADWG specifies a risk management approach to managing drinking water quality. Guiding Principle Six states ensuring drinking water safety and quality requires the application of a considered risk management approach. Risk management is about taking a carefully considered course of action. As the obligation is to ensure safe water and protect public health, the balancing process must be tipped in favour of taking a precautionary approach.
This Improvement Plan prioritises resources on high risks, ensuring the safest possible drinking water. It also sets out a framework for continual improvement in water quality.
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 2 December 2012
2 Regulatory Framework The Public Health Act 2010 (the Act) requires each drinking water supplier to prepare a quality assurance program for their drinking water service in the form of a DWMS that addresses the 12 elements in the ADWG.
The Guideline outlines the actions that must be undertaken to address the 12 elements. Following completion of the actions for each element, areas for improvement must be identified and recorded in an Improvement Plan
The Guideline states that the actions for improvement can be identified from a range of sources, for example, areas of improvement identified when developing or reviewing the drinking water management system, including:
• actions from the risk assessment (Elements 2 and 3) • the water supplier’s continuous improvement system • Local Government Act 1993 (NSW) Section 31 (1)(b) Corrective Actions (a direction from
the Minister) • water quality actions from the water supplier’s Annual Action Plan to Council following
review of the documents made under the NSW Best Practice management of water supply and sewerage framework.
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 3 December 2012
3 Improvement Actions
3.1 Identification
Improvement actions were identified through the risk assessment process and during the development of the DWMS. The risk assessment identified residual risks that are considered significant (unacceptable) which require additional risk treatments as described in the Risk Assessment Workshop Report (Appendix A, DWMS). To optimise system performance or gain increased understanding of system performance, additional risk treatments were identified for certain acceptable risks. During the development of the DWMS, additional improvements were also identified in response to the guideline requirements. It is also noted that under the Local Government Act 1993 (NSW) Section 31 (1)(b) the Minister can also direct a water supplier to make improvements to the water treatment and supply works.
All improvement actions, including the priority and responsibilities are identified in Appendix A.
3.2 Prioritisation
The priority of each action was determined using level of risk, as follows:
• Level 1 priority was assigned to hazardous events with a residual risk of High or Extreme and must be actioned within 12 months of acceptance of this DWMS.
• Level 2 priority was assigned to hazardous events with a residual risk of Medium (9) or Medium (8) and must be actioned within 24 months of acceptance of this DWMS.
• Level 3 priority was assigned to hazardous events with a residual risk of Medium (6) or lower where improvements were identified. These improvements are intended to optimize system performance or assist gain greater knowledge of supply. They are to be actioned within 48 months. �
Level 2 priority is also assigned to all deficiencies identified in the DWMS to meet the Guideline requirements or to strengthen the DWMS. �
3.3 Improvements �
The improvements listed in Table 1 are identified as a Level 1 priority and will require action within the next 12 months.
Table 1 Level 1 Improvement Items
Ref Scheme Improvement Actions
WQ2 Kyogle Review options for SMS alarms on raw water turbidity to adjust alum dose or shut down
WQ5 Kyogle Investigate monitoring sludge (e.g. Sludge Judge)
WQ6 Kyogle Investigate options for improved solids removal as part of WTP upgrade
WQ7 Kyogle Investigate options for monitoring individual filter turbidity as part of the WTP upgrade
WQ8 Kyogle Target water quality for the WTP upgrade to meet requirements for ADWG 2011
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 4 December 2012
Ref Scheme Improvement Actions
WQ9 Kyogle Install turbidity meter on clear water outlet to ensure out of spec water does not reach consumers
WQ10 Kyogle Include alarms for high (alert) and high high (shut down).
3.4 Funding
All projects will be internally funded through either the Annual Capital Program or the Operations and Maintenance budget, depending on the nature of the project.
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 5 December 2012
4 Review It is the responsibility of the Manager Asset Services to ensure that this document is up-to-date and is communicated to employees. The support, commitment and ongoing involvement of the Director Technical Services is essential for the continual improvement of the organisation’s activities related to drinking water.
This plan is to be reviewed as appropriate and at least annually.
Details of the improvement actions in Appendix A are to be updated in the spreadsheet as and when required, it is to be treated as a live document.
Kyogle Council DWMS – Improvement Plan
12NS07-R94 – 1.0 A December 2012
Appendix A
Improvement Schedule
Ref
Sour
ceSc
hem
eIm
prov
emen
t act
ions
R
esid
ual R
isk
Res
pons
ibili
tyPr
iorit
yTi
mef
ram
eSt
atus
Out
com
e
WQ
1Ri
sk A
sses
smen
t 20
12/T
-1B
on
alb
oTr
ial r
edu
ctio
n o
f b
ackw
ash
set
po
int
to 0
.5 N
TU t
o a
chie
ve c
om
plia
nce
wit
h A
DW
G
req
uir
emen
ts f
or
effe
ctiv
e d
isin
fect
ion
.M
ediu
m (5
)M
anag
er A
sset
Ser
vice
s3
48 m
on
ths
To s
tart
WQ
2Ri
sk A
sses
smen
t 20
12/T
-3Ky
og
le
Revi
ew o
pti
on
s fo
r SM
S al
arm
s o
n r
aw w
ater
tu
rbid
ity
to a
dju
st a
lum
do
se o
r sh
ut
do
wn
. H
igh
(12)
M
anag
er A
sset
Ser
vice
s1
12 m
on
ths
To s
tart
WQ
3Ri
sk A
sses
smen
t 20
12/T
-7Ky
og
le
Un
der
take
ad
dit
ion
al t
esti
ng
an
d s
amp
ling
to
dev
elo
p a
do
se c
urv
e b
ased
on
tu
rbid
ity
Med
ium
(5)
Man
ager
Ass
et S
ervi
ces
348
mo
nth
sTo
sta
rt
WQ
4Ri
sk A
sses
smen
t 20
12/T
-7Ky
og
le
Imp
lem
ent
on
-sit
e ja
r te
stin
gM
ediu
m (5
)M
anag
er A
sset
Ser
vice
s3
48 m
on
ths
To s
tart
WQ
5Ri
sk A
sses
smen
t 20
12/T
-9Ky
og
le
Inve
stig
ate
mo
nit
ori
ng
slu
dg
e (e
.g. S
lud
ge
Jud
ge)
Hig
h (1
6)
Man
ager
Ass
et S
ervi
ces
112
mo
nth
sTo
sta
rt
WQ
6Ri
sk A
sses
smen
t 20
12/T
-9Ky
og
le
Inve
stig
ate
op
tio
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Appendices
12NS07-R89-1.0 G December 2012
Appendix G Awareness Training Presentation
1/15/2013
1
Awareness�Training
PurposeEducate�and�raise�staff�awareness�on�drinking�water�management�and�the�Kyogle�Council�Drinking�Water�Management�System�
Content� Why�have�a�management�system�and�what�can�go�wrong�if�not�managed�correctly?
� Requirement�for�a�Drinking�Water�Management�System�(DWMS)
� Overview�of�the�Kyogle�Council�DWMS
1/15/2013
2
Why�have�a�drinking�water�management�system?� A�Drinking�Water�Management�Systems�is�a�risk�management�plan,�that�follows�the�12�Elements�of�the�Australian�Drinking�Water�Guidelines�(ADWG).
� The�12�Elements�are�a�framework�for�managing�risks�in�drinking�water.
� Incidents�are�usually�the�result�of�systematic�failures�in�a�supply�system�where�risks�are�not�reliably�identified�and�managed.
� Water�quality�incidents�can�result�in�widespread�illness�and�disease,�ongoing�health�issues�and�in�extreme�cases,�death.
� Cryptosporidium oocsysts �largest�documented�outbreak�in�U.S�history
� 400,000�residents�infected� source�unknown�(likely�to�be�from�faecal contamination�from�runoff�into�Lake�Michigan)
� chlorination�not�effective�therefore�filtration�was�the�critical�process
� increased�turbidity�at�WTP�identified�in�the�lead�up�to�outbreak
1993�– Cryptosporidium outbreak,�Milwaukee,�Wisconsin
Outcomes�include�improved:� watershed�protection� public�health�surveillance� process�monitoring�� plant�modernisation.
Immunofluorescence�image�of�C.�parvumoocysts.�Source�Wikipedia
1/15/2013
3
� small�rural�community� 7�deaths,�2,300�infected� heavy�rainfall�caused�cattle�manure�to�be�washed�into�a�shallow�water�supply�well
� inadequate�chlorine�dose� failure�to�test�chlorine�residuals
� falsified�log�entries�and�reports
� operators�had�no�formal�training
� operators�were�found�to�be�drinking�alcohol�on�the�job
http://www.waterandhealth.org/drinkingwater/fiveyears.html
Outcome:� criminal�charges�for�manager�and�operator.
Recommendations:� improve�training� increase�funding�to�ensure�adequate�oversight�of�operations
� improve�record�keeping,�log�books�and�review�processes
� improve�environmental�protection
� implement�multiple�barriers
2002�– Campylobacter and�E.�coli�outbreak,�Walkerton,�Ontario
1998,�Cryptosporidium and�Giardiaevents,�Sydney
� establish�Sydney�Catchment�Authority
� improve�definition�of�powers�and�roles
� improve�research,�monitoring,�incident�reporting�and�strategies
� establish�protocols�with�council,�NSW�Health�and�EPA��
� heavy�rains�following�long�drought�period�resulted�in�low�quality�runoff
� drought�and�bushfires�had�reduced�vegetation�in�the�catchment�– a�natural�buffer
� three�contamination�events�recorded
� Sydney�wide�boil�water�alert� $50,000�000�cost�and�loss�of�
reputationRecommendations:� change�Sydney�Water�and�
Hunter�Water�to�statutory�owned�corporations
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/
1/15/2013
4
2005�– Recycled�water�cross�connection,�Newington.� Sydney�Olympic�Park�provide�
recycled�water�to�approximately�1,500�properties,�Sydney�water�provide�the�drinking�and�wastewater�services.
� Two�cross�connections�between�the�drinking�and�recycled�water�systems�were�discovered�following�a�customer�complaint�about�the�taste�of�their�water.
� The�cross�connections�were�due�to�a�plumbing�fault�in�the�service�pipes�and�may�have�occurred�anytime�between�2001�and�2005.
� recycled�water�was�turned�off� 1500�house�were�audited� new�protocols�for�inspecting�
dwellings�for�cross�connections�were�developed
www.sydneywater.com.au www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au
2011�– Salmonella outbreak,�Roma,�Queensland� Salmonella�typhimurium� 26�cases�of�illness,�3�hospitalised� probable�cause�– backflow�from�
underground�storage�tanks�that�were�home�to�numerous�frogs
� water�supply�system�comprised�of�complex�network�of�14bores,�six�reservoirs�and�3�underground�storage�tanks,�interconnected�via�the�reticulation�system
� only�four�of�the�bores�were�chlorinated
www.wqra.com.au
Outcomes� super�chlorination�and�flushing�
of�network����� boil�water�alerts� decommissioning�of��3�
underground�storages� isolation�of�3�bores� increase�in�sampling
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5
Public�Health�Act�2010
Statutory�Requirement� The�Public�Health�Act�2010 and�the�Public�Health�Regulation�2012 have�requirements�for�water�utilities,�private�water�suppliers,�and�water�carters.
� From�1�September�2014,�suppliers�of�drinking�water�are�required�to�establish�and�adhere�to�a�quality�assurance�program�by�preparing�and�implementing�a�Drinking�Water�Management�System�(DWMS).
� NSW�Health�has�prepared�a�guidance�document�and�four�examples�of�DWMSs.�This�guidance�is�applicable�to�local�water�utilities�and�larger�private�suppliers.�
1/15/2013
6
Requirements�for�a�DWMS� The�quality�assurance�program�(DWMS)�must�address�the�elements�of�the�Framework�for�the�Management�of�Drinking�Water�Quality,�set�out�in�the�Australian�Drinking�Water�Guidelines�(ADWG).�
� A�supplier�of�drinking�water�will�be�required�to�provide�NSW�Health�with�a�copy�of�its�most�recent�quality�assurance�program�
� A�review�of�the�supplier’s�quality�assurance�program�can�be�arranged�by�NSW�Health�at�any�time.�
Framew
ork�ElementsNSW�Guidelines�for�Drinking�Water�Management�Systems�2012
1/15/2013
7
Documentation
DWMS
Improvement Plan
Monitoring Plans
Risk Assessment Workshop
Report
Risk Assessment
Briefing Paper
Risk Register
Water Quality Data
Legal & Other
Reqirements
Policy
Stakeholders
CCP Procedures
Operational Procedures
Information
Kyogle�Council�operates�three�water�supplies�servicing�around�four�thousand�people�in�the�township�of�Kyogle�and�the�villages�of�Bonalbo�and�Woodenbong,�and�the�aboriginal�community�of�MuliMuli.
1/15/2013
8
Responsibilities� The�Chief�Executive�Officer�is�responsible�for�implementing�and�maintaining�this�DWMS.�
� Those�employees�within�the�Organisational�Structure�with�responsibilities�directly�related�to�water�quality�management�have�those�requirements�relevant�to�their�position�reflected�in�their�Position�Description�(PD).
� The�Drinking�Water�Policy�provides�a�commitment�to�ensuring�that�managers,�employees�and�contactors�are�aware�of�their�responsibility�to�implement�the�DWMS.��The�DWMS�states�where�there�are�relevant�responsibilities.
� The�Legal�and�Other�Requirements�Register identifies�the�position�with�responsibilities�under�each�of�the�requirements.
Kyogle�Council�PolicyTo�meet�the�objectives�set�out�in�this�policy,�and�in�partnerships�with�stakeholders�and�relevant�agencies,�Kyogle�Council�will:�� manage�water�quality�at�all�points�along�the�delivery�chain�from�source�water�to�the�consumer;�� use�a�risk�based�approach�in�which�potential�threats�to�water�quality�are�identified�and�balanced;�� integrate�the�needs�and�expectations�of�our�consumers,�stakeholders,�regulators�and�employees�into�
our�planning;�� establish�regular�monitoring�of�the�quality�of�drinking�water�and�effective�reporting�mechanisms�to�
provide�relevant�and�timely�information,�and�promote�confidence�in�the�water�supply�and�its�management;�
� develop�appropriate�contingency�planning�and�incident�response�capability;�� participate�in�appropriate�research�and�development�activities�to�ensure�continued�understanding�of�
drinking�water�quality�issues�and�performance;�� contribute�to�the�debate�on�setting�industry�regulations�and�guidelines,�and�other�standards�relevant�
to�public�health�and�the�water�cycle;�� continually�improve�our�practices�by�assessing�performance�against�corporate�commitments�and�
stakeholder�expectations.�� implement�and�maintain�a�drinking�water�quality�management�system�consistent�with�the�Australian�
Drinking�Water�Guidelines�to�manage�effectively�the�risks�to�drinking�water�quality.�� ensure�all�managers�and�employees�involved�in�the�supply�of�drinking�water�are�responsible�for�
understanding,�implementing,�maintaining�and�continuously�improving�the�drinking�water�quality�management�system.�
1/15/2013
9
Legal�and�other�Requirements�Register
Appendix�C�of�the�DWMS
� Identifies�statutory�requirements� Contains�the�following�detail:
� Regulatory�Instrument� Authority� Requirement�– brief�description� How�Kyogle�Council�addresses�the�requirements
� Responsibility
Stakeholder�EngagementTable�3�of�the�DWMS.
� Identifies�the�relevant�stakeholders�for�the�Kyogle�Council�drinking�water�service�and�describes�how�Kyogle�Council�engage�with�their�stakeholders.
� Stakeholders�include� Tenterfield Shire�Council� consumers� NSW�Health�and�NSW�Office�of�Water
� other�relevant�organisations
1/15/2013
10
Water�Supply�System�AnalysisSection�2�of�the�DWMS� Understanding�the�infrastructure�of�the�service�is�a�critical�first�step�for�identifying�the�hazards�and�hazardous�events�that�can�compromise�drinking�water�quality,�and�ensuring�that�risks�are�addressed.
� Infrastructure�details�include�all�the�key�components�that�form�part�of�the�service,�from�catchment�to�consumer,�including:� Source� Treatment�process� Disinfection�process� Distribution�and�reticulation�system�including�reservoirs�and�pump�stations�
� Stakeholders�(who�are�relevant�to�drinking�water�quality�management).
The�Kyogle�Water�Supply�System�is�summarised as� On�stream�storage�behind�artificial�weir�in�the�Richmond�River�of�25�ML�� Raw�water�pump�station�at�weir�68�L/s�� Water�Treatment�Plant�3�ML/day,�(flocculation/sedimentation/gravity�sand�filters�
train�1.5�ML/day)�and�(flocculation/clarification/pressure�filter�train�1.5�ML/d),�fluoridation�and�chlorination�
� Clear�water�pumping�station�54�L/s�� Hill�Street�Reservoir�1.5�ML�� Mount�Street�Reservoir�2.2�ML�and�James�Street�Reservoir�1.1�ML�� 1209�residential�connections�� 275�non�residential�connections�� 44km�of�reticulation�mains�� Approximate�population�serviced�by�water�supply�– 3,200�� Original�construction�date�1933,�augmentation�in�1956� �
Kyogle�System
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The�Bonalbo�Water�Supply�System�is�summarised as� River�bed�extraction�system�Peacock�Creek�� Raw�water�pumping�station�3L/s�� Bore�at�river�extraction�point�1L/s�� Off�stream�storage�(Petrochilos�Dam)�45ML�� Raw�water�pump�station�5.7L/s�� Water�Treatment�Plant�0.3ML/day�flocculation,�DAF�
and�gravity�sand�filter,�fluoridation�and�chlorination�� Clear�water�pumping�station�4.7L/s�� Bonalbo�Reservoir�0.9ML�� 165�residential�connections�� 37�non�residential�connections�� 7km�of�reticulation�mains�� 2km�trunk�mains�� Approximate�population�serviced�by�water�supply�– 350�� Original�construction�1966,�Water�Treatment�Plant�constructed�2010�
Bonalbo�System
Woodenbong/Muli Muli SystemThe�Woodenbong/Muli Muli Scheme�is�summarised as� On�stream�storage�behind�natural�weir�on�Tooloom Creek�of�160ML�(Tenterfield LGA)�� Raw�water�pumping�station�9L/s�(Tenterfield LGA)�� 0.7ML/day�Water�Treatment�Plant,�flocculation,�DAF�over�sand�filter,�fluoridation�
(Tenterfield LGA)�� Clear�water�pumping�station�12L/s�(Tenterfield LGA)�� Urbenville Reservoir�0.9ML�(Tenterfield LGA)�� Booster�Pump�Station�12L/s�and�re�chlorination�(Kyogle�LGA)�� Woodenbong Reservoir�0.7ML�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 179�residential�connections�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 68�non�residential�connections�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 6km�of�reticulation�mains�(Kyogle�LGA)�� 9.5km�trunk�mains�in�Kyogle�LGA�� 7km�trunk�mains�within�Tenterfield LGA�� Approximate�population�serviced�by�water�supply�– Woodenbong 400,�Muli Muli 220,�
Urbenville 280�� Original�Construction�1965,�Water�Treatment�Plant�constructed�2010�
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Risk�AssessmentSection�2�of�the�DWMS�and�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report
� Risk�analysis�determines�which�hazards���������������������and�hazardous�events�are�significant� A�significant�hazard�and�hazardous�event�must�be�prevented,�eliminated�or�reduced�to�acceptable�levels�to�produce�safe�and�acceptable�drinking�water�
� Maximum�risks�that�are�determined�as�not�significant�might�not�require�further�consideration�through�the�process
� Risk�analysis�is�all�about:�Prioritisation� Risk�=�Consequence�x�Likelihood
Risk�Assessment�Workshop��Hazard�IdentificationSection�2�of�the�DWMS�and�the�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report�(including�the�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Briefing�Paper)
Risk�Assessment�Workshop�(July�2012)� Attended�by�managers,�operators,�catchment�officers,�EHOs,�NSW�Health,�NSW�Office�of�Water,�
� Review�of�upstream�risk�(catchment�assessment)� Review�of�water�quality�data�and�system�performance� Review�of�water�supply�system�and�distribution�system
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Water�Quality�Data�AnalysisData�from:� all�sources�– Peacock�Creek,�Richmond�River� processes�– turbidity,�chlorination� treated�water�– reservoirs,�trunk�mains,�consumer�points
Kyogle�Raw�Water Kyogle�Treated�Water
Linkages
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Definitions� Risk is�the�likelihood�of�identified�hazards�causing�harm�in�exposed�populations�in�a�specified�timeframe,�including�the�severity�of�the�consequences.
� Hazard is�a�biological,�chemical,�physical�or�radiological�agent�that�has�the�potential�to�cause�harm�(contaminant).
� Hazardous�event�is�an�incident�or�situation�that�can�lead�to�the�presence�of�a�hazard�(what�can�happen�and�how).
� Preventative�measure�is�any�planned�action,�activity�or�process�that�is�used�to�prevent�hazards�from�occurring�or�reduce�them�to�an�acceptable�level.
Definitions� Inherent�risk – this�is�the�level�of�risk�in�Kyogle�Council’s�raw�water�sources,�Richmond�River�and�Peacock�Creek.
� Maximum�risk – risk�without�existing�barriers/preventive�measures�in�place.�Therefore,�maximum�risk�is�the�inherent�risk�plus�any�additional�sources�of�hazards/�hazardous�events�due�to�Kyogle�Council’s�treatment�and�/or�distribution�network.
� Residual�risk – the�risk�after�current�barriers�and�preventive�measures�are�taken�into�consideration.
� Significant�risk�– risk�that�is�outside�the�acceptable�range�(greater�than�Medium�8)
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Inherent�Risk�Inherent�risk�is�the�level�risk�in�the�raw�water�without�treatment.
Low
Medium <8
Medium �8
High
Extreme
A�number�of�significant�inherent�risks�need�to�be�managed
Kyogle�WTP
Bonalbo�WTP
Kyogle WTP Inherent Risk Bonalbo WTP Inherent Risk
Kyogle�Council�does�not�control�raw�water�collection�or�treatment�processes�for�the�Woodenbong/Muli Muli scheme�therefore�the�risks�associated�with�the�distribution�of�water�for�this�system�were�assessed�as�part�of�the�distribution�system�as�a�whole.�
Maximum�and�Residual�RiskMaximum�risk�is�without�existing�barriers�in�place.Residual�risk�is�the�risk�with�existing�barriers�in�place.
Low
Medium <8
Medium �8
High
Extreme
� Prior�to�the�application�of�preventative�measures,�the�maximum�risk�was�outside�the�acceptable�range�for�a�high�proportion�of�hazardous�events�in�the�Kyogle�system.�
� The�residual�risk�pie�chart�demonstrates�that�significant�residual�risks�remain�and�additional�risk�treatments�are�required�for�the�Kyogle�system.�
Kyogle WTP Maximum Risk Kyogle WTP Residual Risk Bonalbo WTP Maximum Risk Bonalbo WTP Residual Risk
� The�Bonalbo�system�had�a�number�of�significant�maximum�risks,�however�the�existing�preventative�measures�reduce�the�the�risk�considerably.�
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Distribution�System� The�risks�associated�with�the�distribution�system�were�assessed�at�the�same�time�for�all�systems.�� The�residual�risk�pie�chart�indicates�that�there�are�many�significant�risks�are�reduced�by�existing�preventative�measures,�however�additional�measures�are�required�to�reduce�all�significant�risks�in�the�distribution.
Distribu on SystemMaximum Risk Distribu on System Residual Risk
Low
Medium <8
Medium �8
High
Extreme
New�hazards�can�be�introduced�during�the�storage�and�distribution�of�treated�water,�for�example�through�stagnation�or�backflow.
Whole�of�System� Whole�of�system�hazardous�events�were�identified�and�analysed�to�determine�where�organisational�issues�may�result�in�a�water�quality�risk.�
� The�pie�charts�indicate�that�the�maximum�risk�is�high�for�a�number�of�hazardous�events�however�current�preventative�measures�reduce�most�unacceptable�risks�to�within�the�acceptable�range.
� Whole�of�system�includes�contracts,�agreements,�training,�resources�and�management�procedures.
Whole of System Maximum Risk Whole of System Residual Risk
Low
Medium <8
Medium �8
High
Extreme
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Preventive�MeasuresSection�3�of�the�DWMS�and�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report� Preventive�measures�identified�
in�the�risk�assessment�are�assessed�to�determine�if�they�are�a�Critical�Control�Point�(CCPs).
� All�preventative�measures�for�significant�risks�are�identified�in�the�Risk�Assessment�Workshop�Report.
� Preventative�measure�for�significant�risks�must�be�implemented�to�ensure�all�risks�are�managed.
Do existing preventive measures reduce the hazard/risk to an
acceptable level?
Does a preventive measure in this barrier/system component
substantially reduce or eliminate the hazard?
Can operation of the preventive measure be monitored and corrective actions applied in a timely fashion?
Would failure of the preventive measure lead to out of specification
water?
Improvement
Not a CCP
Not a CCP
Not a CCP
CCP
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Operational�ControlSection�3.2�of�the�DWMS�and�the�CCP�Procedures�(Appendix�D)� Corrective�actions�are�those�taken�immediately�to�prevent�hazards�from�reaching�end�users�for�example,�actions�taken�following�noncompliance�with�water�quality�criteria.
� The�effect�of�planned�corrective�actions�is�to�ensure�that�the�preventive�measure�is�brought�under�control�and�non�conforming�water�is�correctly�handled.�
� If�a�target�criterion�is�not�met�then�corrective�action�must�be�taken�in�good�time
� If�a�critical�limit�is�not�met,�the�assumption�that�the�water�is�safe�no�longer�applies�and�a�pre�determined�corrective�action�must�be�taken�urgently.
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CCP�ProceduresSection�3.2�of�the�DWMS�and�the�CCP�Procedures�(Appendix�D)
� CCP�Procedures�have�been�developed�for�the�Kyogle�Council�system�and�are�included�in�the�DWMS�in�Appendix�D.
� CCPs�must�be�monitored�and�have�a�documented�corrective�action�for�exceedences�of�criticaland�alert�limits.
CCP�MonitoringPreventive measure
Parameter Monitoring method
Where When Who Target value for optimal performance
Alert level
Criticallimit
Corrective action procedure
Filtration(Kyogle)
Turbidity Grab Raw waterClear Water Tank
Daily Operator 0.3NTU 0.8NTU 1.0 NTU As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresShut down over critical limit, backwash over alert level
Filtration(Bonalbo)
Turbidity Grab/Online Raw waterClear Water Tank
Daily/Continuous
Operator 0.3NTU 0.8 NTU
1.0 NTU
As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresBackwash at 0.8 NTU, clear water recharge will not occur until 0.4 NTU is achieved, alarm and manual operation if 0.4 NTU cannot be achieved.Shut down over 1.0NTU
Disinfection(Kyogle)
FreeChlorine
Grab/Online Clear Water output main
Daily/Continuous
Operator 0.5mg/L 0.3mg/L 0.2mg/L As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresAlarm will trigger investigation
Disinfection(Bonalbo)
FreeChlorine
Grab/Online Clear Water output main
Daily/Continuous
Operator 0.5mg/L 0.3mg/L 0.2mg/L As per Appendix D – CCP ProceduresAlarm will trigger investigation
Re-chlorination
FreeChlorine
Woodenbong Pump Station
0.2mg/L 0.1mg/L 0.05mg/L As per Appendix D – CCP Procedures
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Operational�monitoringSection�4.2
� Operational�monitoring�includes�the�planned�sequence�of�measurements�and�observations�to�assess�and�confirm�the�performance�of�preventive�measures.
� Measurements�are�of�operational�parameters�that�will�indicate�whether�processes�are�functioning�effectively.
� The�Operational�Monitoring�Plan�for�the�Kyogle�Council�supply�system�is�provided�in�Appendix�E�of�the�DWMS.
Verification�MonitoringSection�5�of�the�DWMS
� It�is�monitoring�that�is�undertaken�to�determine�that�the�products�meets�specification.
� It�is�usually�at�the�transfer�point.� It�is�the�water�quality�monitoring�that�is�reported�to�a�regulator.
� In�many�cases�it�differs�from�operational�monitoring�in�that�it�is�historic�(e.g.�metal�results�are�received�1�week�after�water�is�supplied�to�the�customer).
� Verification�monitoring�is�provided�in�Appendix�E.
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Incidents�and�EmergenciesSection�6�of�the�DWMS� Kyogle�Council�responds�to�emergencies�under�the�Kyogle�Council�
DISPLAN.�� Water�quality�incidents�must�be�managed�in�accordance�with�the�
following�protocols:� NSW�Health�Response�Protocol�– Management�of�Microbiological�
Quality�� NSW�Health�Response�Protocol�� Treatment�Failure,�Cryptosporidium�
and�Giardia�� NSW�Health�Response�Protocol�� Management�of�Physical�and�
Chemical�Quality� NSW�Water�Directorate�� Blue�Green�Algae�Management�Protocols� NSW�Code�of�Practice�for�Fluoridation�of�Public�Water�Supplies
Improvement�PlanSection�12.2�of�the�DWMS� Supporting�Document�� Improvement�Plan�(Appendix�F,�DWMS)� Developed�to�address�high�residual�risks�– water�quality�improvements�
detailing� Ref�number� Source�of�the�improvement� Scheme� Project�title� Project�description� Residual�risk� Responsibility� Priority� Timeframe� Status� Outcome
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Improvement�PlanThe�priority�of�each�action�was�determined�using�level�of�risk,�as�follows:� Level�1�priority�was�assigned�to�hazardous�events�with�a�residual�risk�of�High�or�Extreme�
and�must�be�actioned�within�12�months�of�acceptance�of�this�DWMS.�� Level�2�priority�was�assigned�to�hazardous�events�with�a�residual�risk�of�Medium�(9)�or�
Medium�(8)�and�must�be�actioned�within�24�months�of�acceptance�of�this�DWMS.�� Level�3�priority�was�assigned�to�hazardous�events�with�a�residual�risk�of�Medium�(6)�or�
lower�where�improvements�were�identified.�These�improvements�are�intended�to�optimize�system�performance�or�assist�gain�greater�knowledge�of�supply.�They�are�to�be�actioned�within�48�months.�
Level�1�Improvement�Items
Ongoing�DWMS�Implementation�� From�1�September�2014�all�drinking�water�providers�must�have�implemented�and�be�compliant�with�their�DWMS.
� Regular�internal�and�external�auditing�of�the�DWMS�is�required.
� Long�term�evaluation�of�results,�including�performance�of�CCPs,�water�quality�data,�levels�of�service.
� The�DWMS�must�be�submitted�to�the�NSW�Health�Public�Health�Unit�for�review.
� Components�of�the�DWMS�will�be�audited�by�NSW�Health�and�NSW�Office�of�Water.
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