Dr. Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences.
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PHAROS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCE
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMLMT-201
Dr. Tarek El Sewedy
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology
Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences
LECTURE 7
Diseases and disorders
&
Nomenclature of Cancer
By the end of this lecture, students will learn:
1. examples of medical terms used to describe some
diseases and disorders.
2. Nomenclature of Cancer
Intended Learning Outcomes
Lecture content
Common diseases and disorders.
Cancer terminology
Diseases and
disorders
Term Definitions
aplasia 1. Congenital absence of an organ or tissue.2. Incomplete or defective development of an organ3. Cessation of usual regenerative process in an organ
atresiadescribes the congenital absence of a
normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
cystic fibrosisa genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities
of abnormally thick mucus
genetic disorder a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
functional disorderproduces symptoms for which no
physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
muscular dystrophy
the term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of
the skeletal muscles that control movement
nosocomial infection a disease acquired in a hospital
Nasal Aplasia
Radial Aplasia (thumb)
Radial Aplasia
Ear atresia
The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine
Cystic fibrosis
Term Definitions
leukaemiatype of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, circulating blood
megaloblastic anaemia
a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
thalassemiaan inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and few red blood cells than normal
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection
anaphylaxisa severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes
autoimmune disorderany of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
carcinoma a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
Anaphylaxis
Term Definitions
carcinoma in situdescribes a malignant tumor in its original position
that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
ductal carcinoma in situ
breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct
opportunistic infection
caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans
sarcoma a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues.
acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)
a form of sudden severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the
ages of 2 weeks and 1 year
anorexia nervosa psychiatric illness, an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance
anorexia nervosa
sudden infant
death syndrome
(SIDS)
Term Definitions
botulismfood poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death; caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
cirrhosisa progressive degenerative disease of the liver
salmonellosisan infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces
Terminology of cancer
Medical Terminology of cancer
• Neoplasia and neoplasm are the accurate, scientific
names for abnormal growths.
• Neoplasms can be benign or malignant.
• Cancer is a widely used word that is usually
understood as synonymous with malignant neoplasm.
• Because of its popularity relative to 'neoplasia', the
term Cancer is used frequently instead of 'neoplasia‘.
• Cancers are classified by the type of cell that
resembles the tumour and, therefore, the tissue
presumed to be the origin of the tumour.
• The following general categories are usually accepted:
1. Carcinoma: malignant tumours derived from
epithelial cells. This group represent the most
common cancers, including the common forms of
breast, prostate, lung and colon cancer.
2. Lymphoma and Leukaemia: malignant tumours
derived from blood and bone marrow cells.
3. Sarcoma: malignant tumours derived from
connective tissue.
4. Glioma: tumours derived from brain cells
5. germ cell tumours: tumours derived from germ
cells, normally found in the testicle and ovary.
6. Choriocarcinoma: malignant tumours derived
from the placenta.
• Hepatocarcinoma: a malignant tumour of liver cells.
• Liposarcoma: a malignant tumour of the fat cells.
• adenocarcinoma: carcinoma of glandular tissues.
• carcin(o)- (cancer causing).
• benign – tumor at a stage preceding malignant
• malignant – full blown cancer tumor
• hyperplasia –Excessive growing of a group of cells.
• Metastasis- Migration of cancerous cells from
origin to another tissue.
• un-differentiated cells (ex. stem cells):
typically differentiate to become a
specialized cell type (skin cells, blood cells,
etc)
• de-differentiation: refers to the apparent
reversal of this process (such that the cell
no longer appears to possess the properties
of a stem cell, blood cell, etc).
Students selected for assignments
بكر أبو جمعة كمال هدير
اللطيف عبد مسعد رحمة
Assignments
• Students on next slide are requested to prepare
a presentation (minimum of 5 slides) on any the
following topics:
1. Body parts and organization
2. Abbreviations used in medical fields
3. Cancer terminology
Assignments should be delivered by next week
Study questions• - Write the suffix and the meaning for the following words hat means
“condition of” in each of the following words:
• 1. egotism (exaggerated self-importance)
• 2. dysentery (intestinal disorder)
• 3. insomnia (inability to sleep)
• 4. parasitism (infection with parasites or behaving as a parasite)
• 5. thrombosis (having a blood clot in a vessel)
• 6. psoriasis (skin disease)
• 7. analgesia (absence of pain)
• 8. sclerosis (hardening)
Reference books
1 – Medical Terminology an illustrated Guide by Barbara
Jonson Cohen 2003
2 – “Medical Terminology Simplified” F. A David 2009
3 – “Medical Terminology system : Approach Fifth
Edition” Barbara A Gylys 2004
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