Dr. Sean Mahar

Aims and objectives of Aims and objectives of the eventthe event

• Aim: to provide detailed information and guidance about the introduction of a new duty to manage asbestos into the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002.

• Objectives: to discuss hazards, outline changes to the law, to work through the steps needed to comply, to use practical exercises, to discuss implementation, to provide information on further sources of guidance.

Workshop outlineWorkshop outline

• Session 1: Welcome and introduction

SETTING THE SCENE

• Session 2: Asbestos facts

• Session 3: The duty to manage

CARRYING OUT THE WORK

• Session 4: How to develop a management plan (including practical exercises)

• Session 5: Summary and implementation programme

Session 2: Asbestos factsSession 2: Asbestos facts

• Aim: to provide background information on the hazards from asbestos, the diseases which can result from exposure to it, and how the law has addressed this hazard.

• Objectives: by end of session delegates should know what asbestos is and its uses, know why it is harmful and what diseases it can cause, know what processes release fibres, understand how the law has been applied to the risks from asbestos, understand how the new duty to manage fits in.

Asbestos factsAsbestos facts

What is asbestos?

Where might you find asbestos?

Where asbestos is foundWhere asbestos is found

Asbestos cementAsbestos cement

Sprayed asbestosSprayed asbestos

LaggingLagging

Asbestos insulating boardAsbestos insulating board

Asbestos insulating Asbestos insulating boardboard

Asbestos textilesAsbestos textiles

Other productsOther products

• Millboard and paper products for electrical insulation.

• Composite materials, eg brake linings (in the past) and vinyl floor tiles.

• Decorative textured coatings.

Why is asbestos dangerous?

Asbestos Diseases:Asbestos Diseases:

• Asbestos warts • Pleural plaques • Diffuse pleural thickening• Asbestosis • Lung cancer• Mesothelioma

Who is at risk?

How can asbestos fibres be released into the air?

Control limits and Control limits and action levelsaction levels

Type of asbestos

4-hour control limit

(f/ml)

10-min control limit

(f/ml)

Action level (fibre

hours/ml)

Chrysotile 0.3 0.9 72

Any other asbestos or

mixture0.2 0.6 48

f/ml Fibres per millilitre of air averaged over any continuous period.

Fibre hours/ml = airborne exposure in f/ml multiplied by time of exposure in hours. Cumulative exposures over a 12 week period are calculated.

Work with ACMsWork with ACMsActivityActivity Typical exposures Typical exposures

(f/ml)(f/ml)Asbestos cement

Machine cutting: jig saw 2-10

: circular saw 10–20

: abrasive disc 15–25

: hand sawing Up to 1

: machine drilling Up to 1

Removal of asbestos cement sheeting Up to 0.5

Work with ACMs (cont)Work with ACMs (cont)ActivityActivity Typical exposures (f/ml)Typical exposures (f/ml)

Asbestos lagging, coating and AIB

Drilling AIB overhead 5–10

Drilling vertical columns 2–5

Using jig saw on AIB 5–20

Hand sawing AIB 5–10

Repair/replace ceiling tiles 0.45

What are the risks?What are the risks?Asbestos and lung cancerAsbestos and lung cancer(Lung cancer death rates (Lung cancer death rates per 100 000 person years)per 100 000 person years)

Asbestos Asbestos workerworker

SmokerSmoker Death rateDeath rate Mortality Mortality raterate

No No 11.3 1

Yes No 58.4 X 5

No Yes 122.8 X 11

Yes Yes 601.6 X 53

How can we stop the How can we stop the possibility of ill health?possibility of ill health?

By reducing the exposure of people to airborne

respirable asbestos fibres.

What does the law say?

Session 3: Session 3: The duty to manageThe duty to manage

Aim: to examine the requirements of the new regulation and identify duty holders.

Objectives: by the end of the session delegates will understand the new law, know who are likely to have duties under it, have an outline of what duty holders will have to do.

The duty to manageThe duty to manage

Why is the new regulation needed and what does it say?

Who has the duty?

How will this work in practice?

Once the duty holder has been identified, what will

they have to do?

Duty holders will have to:Duty holders will have to:

• Find out if there is asbestos, how much and where.

• Presume unknown materials are ACMs.

• Make and keep a record of the location

and condition of ACMs/presumed ACMs.

• Assess the risks from ACMs.

Dutyholders will have to Dutyholders will have to (cont):(cont):

• Prepare a written management plan.

• Implement the plan.• Provide information on the location and

condition of the ACMs.

• Monitor and review the plan.

Session 4: Steps to develop Session 4: Steps to develop a management plana management plan

• Aim: to look in detail at how a management plan can be developed.

• Objectives: by the end of the session delegates will be able to decide how to approach the planning of the process, understand the logical steps required to comply, complete practical exercises, understand how an effective management plan can be prepared and why it is needed.

Session 4: IntroductionSession 4: Introduction

• Duty is to manage asbestos.

• It requires an assessment to be made.

• Not a duty to survey although a survey may be needed.

• Steps required are those that are ‘reasonable’.

• Useful start: ask ‘What am I doing now to manage the risk?’

• Aim is to protect maintenance workers.

Steps to develop Steps to develop a management plana management plan

What effect will the management plan have on

the health of workers in premises where ACMs may

be present?

Effect on health of workers Effect on health of workers where ACM may be presentwhere ACM may be present

Technicalservices

Job sheetElectrician

Mesothelioma

School

Lightsfaulty

Steps to develop Steps to develop a management plana management plan

What do you need to think about before you start?

• What to do now?

• Who is going to manage the plan?

• Training, consultation with employees.

Find out if asbestos is present, how much there is

and in what condition.

Steps to develop Steps to develop a management plan: Step Aa management plan: Step A

Identifying asbestosIdentifying asbestos

• Presume asbestos:

- carry out own inspection

- engage others to undertake survey or;

• establish identity by sampling; or

• conclude it’s not asbestos (requires strong

evidence); or

• a combination of all the above.

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Amanagement plan: Step A

Decide what type of inspection or survey needs

to be carried out.

Survey typesSurvey types

• Type 1: Location and assessment survey (presumptive survey)

• Type 2: Standard sampling, identification and assessment survey (sampling survey)

• Type 3: Full access sampling and identification survey (pre-demolition/major refurbishment survey).

Decide who will carry out the inspection or survey.

Consider training and competency issues.

Training and competency Training and competency issuesissues

• In house - competent person: ‘P402\S301’ modules starting point

• Outside contractor: UKAS accreditation under EN 45004

• Laboratory:UKAS accreditation under ISO 17025

Prepare for the inspection or survey.

Prepare for the inspection Prepare for the inspection or surveyor survey

• inform employees• conduct preliminary site meeting and

walk-through• conduct a desktop survey• produce a survey plan • prepare a risk assessment for the conduct

of the survey• specify the method of recording and

presenting the data

Carry out the inspection or survey.

Case studies: Exercise ACase studies: Exercise A• Assume you are at desktop survey stage

on looking for ACMs.

• Using information from Appendix 4 and

blank table from Appendix 3, record:

– where ACMs are likely to be found;

– what type of asbestos is likely;

– any comments on condition.

Worked exampleWorked example

Where ACM/presumed ACM is found

Type of asbestos (using MDHS100 table (Appendix 4))

Comments

1 Suspended ceiling

Crocidolite/

amosite 15-40%

May have been

disturbance by lighting, electrical,

security work

Where asbestos is foundWhere asbestos is found

Worked exampleWorked example

Where ACM/presumed ACM is found

Type of asbestos (using MDHS100 table (Appendix 4))

Comments

1Non-metallic corrugated

cladding

Asbestos cement

crocidolite/

amosite 10-15%

Sheeting damaged by

transport

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Bmanagement plan: Step B

Presume unknown materials contain asbestos unless there is strong evidence

that they do not.

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Cmanagement plan: Step C

Make and keep a record of the location and condition

of the ACMs/presumed ACMs.

Record keepingRecord keeping

• hard copy

• PC-based electronic copy

• survey on organisation’s Intranet

• survey registered on an Internet site

managed by a third party

Assess the risks from asbestos-containing

materials.

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Dmanagement plan: Step D

Hazard and RiskHazard and Risk

• Hazard means anything which can cause

• Risk is the chance, high or low, that

somebody will be harmed by the hazard

Assessing the risks: the material assessment.

(NB Asbestos is only harmful if fibres are released into an area where they can be

inhaled.)

The material assessmentquantifies the hazard from

the materials, ie how likely are they to release

airborne fibres if disturbed.

Material assessmentMaterial assessment

Sample variable ScoreProduct type 1-3

Damage/deterioration? 0-3

Surface treatment 0-3

Asbestos type 1-3

Worked example of a Worked example of a material assessmentmaterial assessment

Sample variable Score Why?

Product type 1 Asbestos cement

Damage/

deterioration?

0 Good condition

Surface treatment 1 Asbestos cement

Asbestos type 2 Amphibole excluding

crocidolite (not chrysotile only)

Total 4

Assessing the risks: the risk assessment.This introduces other

elements to give an estimate of comparative

Risk assessmentRisk assessment

Assessment factor Score

Normal occupant activity

Main type of activity in area 0-3

Secondary activities 0-3

Likelihood of disturbance

Location 0-3

Accessibility 0-3

Extent/amount 0-3

Risk assessment (cont)Risk assessment (cont)

Assessment factor Score

Human exposure potential

Number of occupants 0-3

Frequency of use of area 0-3

Average time area is in use 0-3

Maintenance activity

Type of maintenance activity 0-3

Frequency of maintenance activity 0-3

Maintenance activity 0-3

Worked example of a risk Worked example of a risk assessmentassessment

Risk assessment algorithm: AIB ceiling tiles in control room

Assessment factor Variable selected

Score for

each variable

Overall score

Normal occupant activity

Main type of activity in area

Low disturbance activities 1 1

Likelihood of disturbance

Location Room up to 100m2 2

AccessibilityOccasionally likely to be

disturbed1

Extent/amount >50m2 3 2

Worked example (cont)Worked example (cont)Human exposure potential

Number of occupants 1-3 1

Frequency of use of area Daily 3

Average time area is in use >6 hours 3 2

Maintenance activity

Type of maintenance activity Low disturbance 1

Frequency of maintenance activity >1 per year 2 2

Total risk assessment score 7

Material assessment score 6

Grand total of material and risk assessment scores 13

Case Studies: Exercise BCase Studies: Exercise B

• Assess the risks from ACMs in the workplaces already described using the method outlined previously.

• First carry out a material assessment on up to 3 ACMs.

• Next using the algorithm carry out a risk assessment.

• Which ACM would you deal with first?

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Emanagement plan: Step E

Prepare a detailed written plan of how to manage the

Management planManagement plan

• priority assessments including priority assessment scores if algorithms have been used

• table of priority for action • decisions about management options

including rationale • timetable for action • monitoring arrangements • personnel and their responsibilities

Management plan (cont)Management plan (cont)

• training arrangements • plan of implementation of new

procedures, including those for external contractors

• procedure for review of plan including timetable

• procedures for providing information to those who need it

• what to do in emergency situations

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Fmanagement plan: Step F

Implementing the plan

Plan implementationPlan implementation

• Managing the risk means making sure that as far as reasonably practicable no one can come to any harm from asbestos on the premises.

• option A: A once and for all solution could be considered where a competent specialist identifies all asbestos and then removes it timetable for action

• option B: Assume that all materials not recognised are asbestos and carry out all subsequent work as if it was all ACM

• middle option: combination of the two

Decide what needs

to be done.

DecisionsDecisions

• type of asbestos • present condition• damage likelihood• access

• would major structural work be needed to allow its removal?

• if removed, what needs replacing• budgetary constraints • future maintenance/refurbishment plans

Carry out work needed, when decisions have been

Work impacting asbestosWork impacting asbestos

• Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002 apply

• Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 licensed contractor required • unless very short duration• < 1 hour/week & < 2 hours total• or on own premises with own staff, where HSE requires 2 week notification

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Gmanagement plan: Step G

Provide information on the location and condition of

Steps to develop a Steps to develop a management plan: Step Hmanagement plan: Step H

Monitor and review the plan and arrangements.

Management Plan

Session 5: SummarySession 5: Summary

• Aim: to summarise the information,

particularly that relating to the

management plan, and emphasise the key

messages from the course.

• Objectives: to summarise the previous

sessions and reinforce the framework, to

remind delegates of the key messages

from the course.

SummarySummary

What are the key messages?

SummarySummary• Asbestos is very useful but also harmful if

fibres are released.

• 3000 people die each year from asbestos-related diseases and 25% of these have worked in building trades.

• New regulation requires duty holders to identify and assess the risks from ACMs in their premises.

• Written plan is needed to manage the risk.

SummarySummary

What are the consequences of

poor management of asbestos?

Effect on health of workers Effect on health of workers where ACM may be presentwhere ACM may be present

Technicalservices

Job sheetElectrician

Mesothelioma

School

Lightsfaulty

Managementplan

SummarySummary

How are the Regulations going to be implemented?

SummarySummary

• New Regulations in August 2002.

• 18-month lead-in period for duty holders to comply.

• Start now.

• Don’t panic.

• HSE will be producing guidance.

• Aim is to reduce ill health in maintenance workers.

Dr. Sean Mahar

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