Doing Business in Iran's Post-Sanction Era: Oil and Gas Industry

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Doing Business in Iran’s Post-Sanction Era:O&G Industry in Particular

By: Dr. S. N. Ebrahimi

The Hague, Netherlands

09-03-2016

CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)S N 

• S N  (LLB 1990, Iran; LLM 1994, UK; and Ph.D. 1998, UK, is the Associate Professor of International Law, Ex‐MoB and Legal & Contractual Director of PEDEC/NIOC, and the Chief Negotiator of International Petroleum Contracts.

• He is an outstanding negotiator in international oil & gas contracts; Attorney at Law and Legal Advisor on International Contractors and Claims particularly Oil and Gas; member of Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, UK; Legal Advisor to Bureau of International and Legal Services (B.I.L.S) dealing with Iran‐US Tribunal claims (1992‐1999), the Hague‐Tehran; Member of “British Institution on International Law”, UK; Member of International Bar Association, UK; Member of “International Family Law Institution”, the Hague, Netherlands; 

• He is also Associate Professor of International law in Tehran, lecturing the following subjects:– Oil and Gas Laws and Contracts, – TFCL Strategic Management of Industry Contracts, – Contract Risk Recognition and Management, – Private International Law, – General Jurisprudence of Law, – International Commercial Arbitration, – International Trade Law, – Competition Trade law, – Law for Professional Project Managers .

2

Petroleum Laws & Contracts in Iran

• Amended Petroleum Act, 1390• Duties and Powers of Ministry of Petroleum, 1391• 6th Five Years Plan• Ministerial Decree on Structure and General Conditions and Model of New Petroleum Contracts

Oil & Gas Law

• E&P• Buy‐Back (3 Generations)/IPC?• EOR/ IOR• EPCF/ EPC/ EPC Turnkey• BOT• PPP

Oil & Gas Law & Contracts (Short, Medium & Long)

4

Varieties of New Contract ModelExploration & Appraisal 

Development of the Green fields    

Integrated Exploration and Development operation for new areas.

Development of the Common fields with neighboring countries.

Enhancement of  Oil Recovery of the Brown fields ( IOR&EOR) 

Integrated Exploration, Development, Production & IOR/EOR

Exploration, Development & Production Operation in the “High Risks” areas and Deep Waters.  

One single “General Model“ is designed which is flexible and allows for further modifications in parts to adopt all requirements of the intended  items

5

Main Issues & Concerns of Doing Business in Iran

• Joint Arrangement• JV• JOC/JOA

• Management Skills & Training

• Utilization/Transfer/ Development of Technology & Know‐How 

Main Issues & Concerns

7

• Capital Investment/Financing

• MUICA

• CFT & Negotiation Based Award  

• New contractual framework and T&C 

Main Issues & Concerns

• FS/Bankability/ROR

• Arbitration centre for commercial disputes settlement

• Insurances/Reinsurance/Forwarding

• Banking Sanction/Banking relationship & correspondence

• Exportation /Importation & Customs Duties

• Indirect Costs (e.g. Taxation , SSO, Levies & Charges)

Main Issues & Concerns

8

• Guarantee (BG/Sovereignty Guarantee)

• FIPPA/No FIPPA

• Arbitration Procedures

• Capitalisation

• Template/Format of IPC, subject to negotiation

Main Issues & Concerns

•Mainland, e.g. Tehran

• FIPPA

• Company Law Registrar

• Free Trade Zone

Establishment of a company in Iran

9

•Affiliate

•Subsidiary

•Branch

•Representative/ Agent

Registration of a company in Iran

Joint Arrangements for international

contracts

Joint Arrangements

JV• Incorporated• Unincorporated

Alliances

Consortia

Partnership

ParticipationJOC/JOAJPA/JPC

PSA/PSC

BOT

JMC/JSC

Challenges of Joint 

Arrangements

Complex Negotiations – 6 Months or More

More Expensive to 

Run

Ownership 

, Management & Voting System

On‐Going Investment

May Be More Ad Hoc and Less 

Long Term Commitment

Quantification of Assets & Properties

May Fall Apart if Interests are Not Really Aligned.

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