Disorders of the Digestive system

DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

STOMATITIS Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral

cavity.

Occurs simultaneously with glossitis, gingivitis and palatitis (Inflammation of tongue, gum and palate respectively).

ETIOLOGY Physical causes

Injuries due to sharp objects or coarse feed

Injuries due to sharp teeth and malpositioned teeth

Injuries due to faulty drenching Too hot or too cold food

Chemicals: Irritant chemicals and drugs such as

acid and alkali, turpentine oil, etc.

ETIOLOGY (CONTD.) Infective causes:

Virus RP, FMD, IBR, CD, etc. Bacteria Streptococci, Staphylococci, Spherophorus

necrophorus, Actinobacillus, etc Fungus Monilla spp, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp. Parasites Plant lies , mites, leeches

  Nutritional Vitamin B deficiency (riboflavin,

niacin) Allergy Ingestion of stinging plants and

insects.

CLINICAL SIGNS Anorexia due to pain

Profuse salivation, foaming at the mouth with stingy saliva hanging down from the mouth. Saliva may contain pus or epithelium.

Smacking of the lips.

CLINICAL SIGNS Oral mucosa become red and swollen

Vesicles on the oral mucosa

Enlargement of local lymph nodes- sub maxillary and pharyngeal lymph nodes.

DIAGNOSIS From clinical signs Examination of swab or scrapping to determine

the causative agent

Vesicular fluid should be collected in 50% glycerin buffer for confirmatory tests.

TREATMENT 1. Foreign bodies if any may be removed

2. Collutory (Mouth wash) Potassium permanganate (1: 10000) or 0.1 % soln. 2 % Copper sulphate solution 2% Alum soln. 1 -2 % Boroglycerine

3. Antibiotics- in systemic diseases and to prevent secondary infection.

4. Antihistanimics

TREATMENT (CONTD.)

5. Supportive therapy

Inj. Vitamin A and C

Fluid therapy.

6. Provide soft food and grass

ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION

Sudden occlusion of the esophagus

Characterized by excessive salivation, deglutition inability and regurgitation.

ETIOLOGY Internal obstruction by foreign bodies

Feed material- mango seed, potatoes, turnips, etc.

Non-feed foreign materials- stones, metals, wood, glasses, etc.

Mural obstructions Neoplasms and extra growths

Eg. Spirocerca lupa may cause obstruction.

ETIOLOGY (CONTD.) Extramural obstructions

Tuberculosis or abscess of mediastinal lymphnode

Neoplasm of cardiac end of stomach

Oesephageal diverticulum

Displacement of the heart and lung base

PATHOGENESIS spasm of esophageal musculature and

forceful movement of the rumen/stomach

Excessive salivation with slimy saliva.

There are three sites of obstruction Immediately behind the pharynx

(oropharynx)

Cervical part of the esophagus, and

Thoracic part of the esophagus

CLINICAL SIGNS Salivation, restlessness, refusal of food, protrusion of

tongue, respiratory distress

Grunting (cattle)

Stretching of head and neck from side to side (cattle)

Fatal tympany

CLINICAL SIGNS (CONTD.) Regurgitation and cough (cattle)

Pawing on the ground (horse)

Pawing in the mouth Dyspnoea

Vomiting (pigs, cats, dogs)

Foul breath, mouth held high (cats, dogs)

DIAGNOSIS History of ingestion of foreign body

Palpation of cervical esophagus for foreign bodies

Use of mouth gag to examine pharyngeal obstruction

DIAGNOSIS

Stomach tube to judge the nature and location of obstruction

Radiography of full length of esophagus

Contrast radiography to locate the obstruction

Surgical exploration for prompt diagnosis and repair

LINE OF TREATMENT Removal of foreign body using long

handled forceps in small animals

Sedation of animal in acute cases with much discomfort to the animal.

Atropine sulphate to relax esophageal spasms in large animals.

TREATMENT (CONTD.) Trocarization in large animals to relief from

bloat.

Digital manipulation using a mouth gag for solid obstruction in pharyngeal region.

Surgical interference