Discovery of Climate Indices using Clustering Michael Steinbach Steven Klooster Christopher Potter Rohit Bhingare, School of Informatics University of.
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Discovery of Climate Indices using Clustering
Michael SteinbachSteven Klooster
Christopher Potter
Rohit Bhingare, School of InformaticsUniversity of Edinburgh
Overview• Aim: Applying Clustering to the task of finding interesting
patterns in earth science data.
• Key interests and research goals
• Climate Indices
• Using SVD analysis to find Spatial/Temporal Patterns
• Using Clustering for discovery of indices
• Conclusion and Future Work
Key Interest Find global climate patterns of interest to Earth
Scientists Finding connection between the ocean/atmosphere
and land.
Average Monthly Temperature NINO 1+2 Index
The El Nino Climate Phenomenon
• El Nino is the anomalous warming of the eastern tropical region of the Pacific.
Normal Year: Trade winds push warm ocean water west, cool water rises in its place
El Nino Year: Trade winds ease, switch direction, warmest water moves east.
Climate Indices
• A climate index is a time series of temperature or pressure– Connecting the Ocean/Atmosphere and the Land– Commonly based on Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
or Sea Level Pressure (SLP)
• Why climate indices?– They extract climate variability at a regional or global
scale into a single time series. – They are well-accepted by Earth scientists.– They are related to well-known climate phenomena
such as El Nino.
Finding Patterns using SVD and Clustering
• SVD Analysis:– Impressive for finding the strongest patterns falling
into independent subspaces.– All discovered signals must be orthogonal (difficult to
attach physical interpretation)– Weaker signals may be masked by stronger signals.
• Use of Clustering:– The centroids of clusters summarize the behaviour of
the ocean/atmosphere in those regions.
Clustering Based Methodology
• The SNN Procedure:– Apply the SNN clustering on the SST (or SLP)
data over a specific time period.– Eliminate all the clusters with poor area-
weighted correlation. – The cluster centroids of remaining clusters
are potential climate indices : <G0, G1, G2, G3>
Clusters with correlation to known indices
G0 G1
G2 G3
Conclusion• Clustering plays a useful role in the
discovery of interesting ecosystem patterns.
• Clustering is used to discover previously unknown relationships between regions of
the land and sea.
Future Work• Can all climate indices be represented using
clusters?
• Extending the research to land and ocean variables - Many more opportunities for data mining/data analysis in Earth Science data.
Earth Observing System: Detecting patterns such as finding relationships between fire frequency and elevation as well as topographic position
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