Desalination in Australia - Oct. 11, 2012
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DESALINATION IN AUSTRALIA
Gary J. Crisp Global Business Leader – Desalination: GHD
BSc. Civil Engineering, C Eng., MICE, CP Eng., FIE Aust., PMP
San Diego County Water Authority
Water Planning Committee
October 11, 2012
SDCWA Board Presentation - Overview
• Introduction
• The Big Six
• Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (PSDP)
• Comparison Between Sydney, Perth and San Diego
• The Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia
Australia’s six big desalination plants
The Big
45-in
21-in
19-in
*Average annual rainfall
Adelaide Desal Plant (commissioning)
20-in
Gold Coast Desal Plant (operating)_
Sydney Desal Plant (operating)
Victorian Desal Plant (commissioning)
Perth 1 Desal Plant (operating) Perth 2 A & B Desal Plant (2B under construction)
Australian Rainfall and Desalination
The Big Six – No. 1 Gold Coast Desalination Plant
• Located in Tugin
• 36 MGD Capacity: 38,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $943 million
•Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years
•Commenced operation in Nov. ‘08
•Green Energy as offset
•Status: Hot Standby Mode; local reservoirs near
capacity
Courtesy of SEQWater
The Big Six – No. 1
Southeast Queensland Projected Water Sources 2020
10 % desalination
72 % surface water
4 % groundwater
14 % IPR (only if reservoir levels fall below 40%)
Climatic Impacts Gold Coast Decision Point
Courtesy of the Water Corporation
Gold Coast Decision Point
The Big Six – No. 2 Sydney Desalination Plant
Courtesy of Sydney Water
• Located in Kurnell
• 66 MGD Capacity: 77,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $1.44 billion
• Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years
•Commenced operation in Nov. ‘10
• Wind Power is used as offset
•Status: Hot Standby Mode: Local
reservoirs near capacity
The Big Six – No. 2
Sydney Projected Water Sources 2020
15 % desalination
72 % surface water
1 % groundwater
10 % Recycled
Climatic Impacts Sydney Phase 1 Decision Point
Courtesy of the Water Corporation
Sydney Phase 1 Decision Point
The Big Six – No. 3 Adelaide Desalination Plant
Courtesy of SA Water
• Located in Port Stanvac
• 72 MGD Capacity: 70,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $1.5 billion
• Purpose: Supplement surface supply in dry years
• To commence operation in Jan. ‘13
• Wind Power is used as offset
• Status: To be placed in Hot Standby
Mode; reservoirs and river flows at high
levels
The Big Six – No. 3
Adelaide Projected Water Sources 2020
49 % desalination
23 % Murray River surface water 18 % surface water
1 % Recycled
Climatic Impacts Adelaide Phase 1 Decision Point
Adelaide Phase 1 Decision Point - lowest flow ever recorded
January 2007
Courtesy of Victorian Government
• Located in Wonthaggi
• 120 MGD Capacity: 130,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $3.8 billion
•Supplement Surface Supply in dry years
• To commence operation in Dec. ‘12
• Wind Power as offset
•Status: Commissioning
The Big Six – No. 4 The Victorian Desalination Project
The Big Six – No. 4
Melbourne Projected Water Sources 2020
20 % desalination
80 % surface water
Climatic Impacts Melbourne Desalination Decision Point - 2007
Melbourne Decision Point 2007
Courtesy of Water Corporation
• Located in Kwinana
• 38 MGD Capacity: 40,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $317 million
•Purpose: Base load core supply
•Commenced operation in Nov. ‘06
• Wind Power is used as offset
• Status: Operating beyond “name
plate” capacity
The Big Six – No. 5 Perth Seawater Desalination Plant
The Big Six – No. 5
Perth Projected Water Sources 2020
45 % desalination
21 % surface water
18 %groundwater
16 % groundwater incorporating ASR
Impact of Drying Climate – Western Australia Perth 1 Decision Point
Courtesy of the Water Corporation
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft 2010 - 11.9 GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
51,864 Acre-Ft
273,906 Acre-Ft
75,122 Acre-Ft 143,435 Acre-Ft
972 Acre-Ft
Perth 1 A Decision Point
The Big Six – No. 6 Southern Seawater Desalination Plant
Courtesy of Water Corporation
• Located in Binningup
• 80 MGD Capacity: 85,000 AF/Y
• Total Capital Cost: $1.27 billion
• Purpose: Base load core supply
• Commenced operation in Sept. ‘11
• Wind / Solar/ Wave Power as energy offset
• Status: Phase 1: operating
Phase 2: under construction
Impact of Drying Climate – Western Australia Perth 2A Decision Point
Courtesy of the Water Corporation
1GL = 810 Acre-Ft 2010 - 11.9 GL = 8640 Acre-Ft
- Reduced Inflow to Dams (as at 1 Nov 06)
Perth 2A/2B Decision Points
Environmental Features of Perth 1
6 acres
16 acres
Real Time Monitoring
Environmental Features of Perth 1
Courtesy of WaterSecure Gold Coast Desalination Plant Intake
Environmental and Sustainability Attributes
Comparison Between Sydney, Perth and San Diego County
City Sydney Perth San Diego County Population 4,500,000 1,800,000 3,200,000 Approximate Average Rainfall (Inches) 47 19 10 Annual water use (Acre-Ft) 440,000 253,000 542,000 Gallons/ Capita/ Day 87 125 151 Residential Outdoor Water Use Percentage 27 49 60
Local reservoir storage capacity (Acre-ft) 2,092,260 487,337 562,000 Average Local Surface Use as a Percentage of Total Use 84 15 11
Purpose for Seawater Desalination Supplement Base load
(Core Supply) Base Load
(Core supply)
San Diego and Perth - Similarities
• Relatively Large West Coast Cities • Extremely desirable places to live • Mediterranean Climate • Relatively low rainfall in reservoir catchments • No large local surface reservoirs (Sydney,
Melbourne, Brisbane, etc.)
The West Australian 20 May 2012
Desalination – Perth and Western Australia
“That’s why we built the first desalination plant and the second desalination plant and we are currently expanding that”
Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia
“Thank You”
“Questions”
Courtesy of The West Australian
The West Australian 31 August 2012
262.2 mm = 10.33 inches 478.7 mm = 18.9 inches
Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia
Availability and Reliability
• PSDP was designed to produce 40,000 AF (producing 38 MGD, 94% of the time) . This design was based on many factors:
1. Power Continuity
2. Cleaning
3. Feedwater quality (potential algal blooms –space allocated for future DAF system)
4. Maintenance
5. Distribution system maintenance and cleaning
6. Redundancy
7. Rigorous product water quality standards (e.g. Bromine < 0.1 mg/L)
Result when pushed
Available 98% of time
Production up to 41 MGD
Annual Yield up 12% from
40,000 Acre-Ft to 45,000 Acre Ft
Importance of Desalination in Perth and Western Australia
Still more Desalination Plants for Perth
• Beenjup Ground Water Replenishment (Recycling and ASR) in steps of 6,000 AF. per year, accelerated if needed (if low rainfall persists). Up to 50,000 AF. per year.
• New SWRO Desalination Plants North of Perth within 15 years.
• All future water supply will come from SWRO, so by 2030 with an annual demand of 240,000 AF/year at least 110,00 AF/year will be from desalination.
Why Sydney’s Integrated Water System is Vastly Different to San Diego? • No Imported water – All local supplies almost exclusively surface water • One single major source Warragamba Dam -1,642,626 AF (79%) • High Summer Rainfall (when most water needed)
79 % of total water supply Total Available Storage 1,642,626 AF (currently 98% available at 1,620,057 AF )
Average Monthly Rainfall = 3”
Sydney Desalination Plant in Context As compared to the San Diego System
Courtesy of the Sydney Water
Sydney Desalination Plant in Context As compared to the San Diego System
33 % of total water supply Total Available Storage 648,298 AF
Annual Production 76,854 AF Average Annual Demand 486,223 AF = 16% desalinated water
79 % of total water supply Total Available Storage 1,642,626 AF
Why Perth’s Integrated Water System is Similar San Diego? • No Imported water – but “supposedly” secure groundwater – similar to
San Diego’s “secure” imported water supply i.e. Groundwater treated like San Diego’s imported water
• Some small surface water storages with diminishing inflows. Once 50% of Perth’s water supply, now substantially less than 10%. AF (79%)
• Negligible Summer Rainfall (when most water needed)
Combined Yield of Perth Reservoirs < 10 % of total water supply Total
Average Monthly Rainfall = 1”
Perth Desalination Plant in Context As compared to the San Diego System
GROUNDWATER SOURCE
SURFACE WATER SOURCE
AREA SERVED
TRUNK MAINS
PERTH
Goldfields & Agricultural WS
Mandurah
Stirling
South Dandalup
Serpentine
Nth Dandalup
Mundaring
Victoria
Canning
Wungong
Pinjar
Wanneroo
Lexia
Mirrabooka
Neerabup
Sth Whitfords Gwelup
Jandakot • Ground water north of Swan River • Dams south of Swan River • Transport over 115 miles from North to
South
Harvey Dam and Wokalup Pipehead Dam
(Irrigation)
2002 Yarragadee Bores
Samson Pipehead Dam
2001 Yarragadee Expansion
Harris Pumpback
PSDP
Nicholson Rd Pumpstation
Ravenswood Pumpstation
SSDP I
Integrated Water Supply Scheme (IWSS)
SSDP II
Proposed Beenyup ASR
WASTEWATER RECYCLING PLANT/ASR
DESALINATION PLANT
PUMPSTATION
W ater From the North – The Kimberly Pipeline
Why High Costs and Time Overruns in the Eastern States?
• Australia being a very expensive country due to resources boom and low unemployment 5% • Everyone is Coming to the West or Demanding High Packages in the East so companies have to
pay exceptional wages to compete, and in the case of Melbourne Desalination Plant - - - - - - - - • - - - - - - Inclement weather • Very high rainfall and flooding
Managing Standing Plants
• Gold Coast Desalination Plant managed with minimal staff in hot standby mode.
• Plant is maintained in a position to allow ramping up to 133 ML/d within 72 hours.
• No process step has been “mothballed”.
• The plant operates twice a week to produce enough desalinated water to flush membranes, the network pipe and reservoir (2 x 25 MLD – 2 x 6 MGD (per week).
• Came to rescue during recent flooding to produce clean drinking water as conventional water treatment plants inundated with turbidity
How Many Jumbo Jets to Power Perth Seawater Desalination Plant?
So !!!
Environmental and Sustainability Attributes
=
+ + +
+ +
So Many Jumbo’s?
=
+
+
Or, How Many Plants can a Jumbo Power?
and the answer is!
+
+ Taking Off Power = 77 MW Cruising Power = 65 MW Full Power of One Engine = 26 MW Full Power Requirement Perth 1 = 24 MW
300,000 homes (California) or a total 116,000 passengers transported in one year assuming Jumbo is always full and flies 80% of time then the same amount of energy is used.
=
And the answer is?
One Jumbo Jet can Power 3 Plants
Impact of Drying Climate - Reduced Inflow to Dams (Reservoirs)
17.1 GL = 12416 Acre-Ft
1 GL = 810 Acre-Ft
Courtesy of the Water Corporation
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