Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation Australian Prawn Farmers Association R&D meeting – 27 th May 2011 Carl Paulo Innovative Food.

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation

Australian Prawn Farmers AssociationR&D meeting – 27th May 2011

Carl PauloInnovative Food Technologies

2© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Project No. 2010/707

Loss minimisation in farmed prawns through improvements in storage life and colour

3© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Overview

• Last update presented on 30th November 2010

• Milestone report submitted 8th February 2011

• Project objectives– Shelf life extension of chilled cooked prawns– Colour retention of cooked prawns during frozen storage

4© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Chilled shelf life extension• Previously identifying spoilage organisms on frozen prawns

• Currently identifying SSO’s of chilled prawns• 2 batches of prawns sourced from each farm

– 2x farms near Gold Coast– 2x farms near Townsville– 2x farm near Bundaberg

• Crystal Bays

5© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Identification of SSO• Pyschrobacter cibus

maritimus

nivimaris• Carnobacterium funditum• Brochothrix thermosphacta• Pseudomonas sp. ???• Shewanella sp. ???

• Flavobacterium• Micrococcus

Knockout Screening

Did not pursue further

6© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Commercial antimicrobial products screenedProduct Company Ingredient

Herbal-Active™ Vic Cherikoff Australian herb extracts

PuraQ®Verdad NV55 Purac Cultured sugars and organic acids

PuraQ®FCC88 L(+) Purac Lactic acid

PuraQ®AROME NA4 Purac Fermented by-products

MicroGARD®730 Danisco Cultured dextrose and Maltodextrin

Aussan-W4 Environmental Services

Bioflavonoids

Citrofresh GDM Technologies

Bioflavonoids

Zydox Zychem Technologies

Cl02 with citric acid activator

Alphasan Eko solutions Cl02

7© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

SSO knockout screening• 96 well plate screening

– Commercial products– In-house formulations (Kakadu plum, citric acid, lactic acid)

• High kill rates against majority SSOs– Citrofresh – Purac FCC88– Zydox– Aussan– Kakadu plum– Lactic acid– Citric acid

8© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Packaging trial• Will products inhibit SSO growth on prawn?

• Prawns dipped in solutions• Sealed in polyethylene bags• Kept on ice in cold room (4°C)• Micro tested

9© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Micro results - Total plate count

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

CF

U / g

ram

Control (rep1)

Control (rep2)

Citrofresh (rep1)

Citrofresh (rep2)

Zydox (rep1)

Zydox (rep2)

Aussan (rep1)

Aussan (rep2)

Purac FCC88 (rep1)

Purac FCC88 (rep2)

Kakadu plum + Citric (rep1)

Kakadu plum + Citric (rep2)

Kakadu plum + Lactic (rep1)

Kakadu plum + Lactic (rep2)

10© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Micro results - H2S Anaerobes

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Days

CF

U /

gra

m

Control (rep1)

Control (rep2)

Citrofresh (rep1)

Citrofresh (rep2)

Zydox (rep1)

Zydox (rep2)

Aussan (rep1)

Aussan (rep2)

Purac FCC88 (rep1)

Purac FCC88 (rep2)

Kakadu plum + Citric (rep1)

Kakadu plum + Citric (rep2)

Kakadu plum + Lactic (rep1)

Kakadu plum + Lactic (rep2)

11© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Where to from here?• Confirm chilled prawns SSO are identical to frozen prawns• Address quality issues• Identify synergistic solutions to address H2S anaerobes

• Packaging options– Bulk packs (storage and distribution) – Convenience packs (retail or food service)

– Understanding time lines from packaging at farm, distribution centres and retail outlets for chilled storage

12© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Colour retention during frozen storage• Time in storage• Storage temperatures: -20°C vs -30°C• Temperature abuse• Presence of Oxygen• Blast vs IQF freezing• Rate of freezing: Slow vs Quick

• Glazing:– Thickness– Freezing method– Solutions and additives

13© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Temperature variation

-30

-28

-26

-24

-22

-20

-18

-16

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

12:0

0:00

AM

Time

Te

mp

era

ture

°C

A.1TK

A.2TK

A.3TK

A.4TK

A.5TK

A.6TK

A.7TK

A.8TK

A.9TK

av

14© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Rate of slow freezing

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time (days)

Te

me

ratu

re °

C

A.1TK

A.2TK

A.3TK

A.4TK

A.5TK