DEMOCRITOS

DEMOCRITOS

DEveloping the MObility CRedits Integrated platform enabling travellers TO improve urban transport Sustainability

Grant agreement no. 233744

The DEMOCRITOS Project

Claudia Podestà Municipality of Genova, Coordinator

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference• Genova• 23.09.2011

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 2

Democritos background• European cities are facing a continuous increase

of passenger mobility and freight transport• The DEMOCRITOS project brings to the forefront

the “Mobility Credits Model” as a flexible instument to manage the urban mobility demand towards a sustainable level

• Reduction of greenhouse gases emissions, congestion and air pollutants emission are the objectives which can, amongst others, be afforded through the “Mobility Credits Model”

DEMOCRITOS

DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 3

Democritos project• DEMOCRITOS project is funded by the European

Commission under the 7th FP RTD and concerns the introduction of decentralised emission permits (“mobility credits”) within the transport sector;

• the “Mobility Credits Model” (MCM) allows to create a context where the travellers can experience the effects of changing attitudes and choices in mobility;

• the “Mobility Credits Platform” (MCP) is the technical implementation of the model requiring the use of current and future ICT.

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 4

The Consortium is made by nine partners from four different countries; four cities are represented.

SC IPA SA – R&D, Engineering and Manufactoring for Automation Equipments and Systems

Lisboa E-Nova – Agência Municipal de Energia e Ambiente de Lisboa

TIS.PT – Consultores em Transportes, Inovação e Sistemas

Verband Region Stuttgart

City of StuttgartSSP Consult Beratende Ingenieure

Quaeryon

TRT Trasporti e Territorio

Comune di Genova

Democritos consortium

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 5

WP 6 - GenovaWP 7 - Stuttgart

WP 8 - Lisboa

WP

1 - P

roje

ct M

anag

emen

t

WP 10 – Comparison of results

Task 6.1

Mobility of persons

WP 5 – Local Development

Task 6.2

Distribution of goods

Task 6.3

Technology

Benchmark

Task 6.4 Legal,

political, social ass.nt

Task 5.1 – Coordination of assessment of sites implementation

WP

11 –

Dis

sem

inati

on a

nd e

xplo

itatio

n

WP 2 - MCP Theoretical

Development

WP 4 – MCP long term effects on local

systems & climate

WP 9 - Craiova

WP 3 - MCP System &

Technology Design

Task 6.5 Definition of a real scale demonstrat

or

Democritos work methodology

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 6

WP 11 – Dissemination and Exploitation

WP 5

WP 6

WP 7

WP 8

WP 10

2 21 24

WP 9

months

WP 2

WP 4

12

WP 1 – Project Management

WP 3

13

Democritos work timing

DEMOCRITOS

THANK YOU

Claudia PodestàMunicipality of Genoa

www.democritos.ipacv.rowww.mobilitycredits.com

DEMOCRITOS Final Conference• Genova• 23.09.2011

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 8

The Mobility Credits Platform is enabled by ICT and is supported by four pillars, with a foundation on the behaviours and choices of travellers:

1. Set the target: define a sustainable load of GreenHouse Gases (or in general of externalities) in the target area;

2. Distribute credit budgets: convert this load into a “total amount of credits” which is distributed to all the travellers of the area;

3. Define a set of rules to use the credits: the rules will imply a consumption of credits based on actual behaviour of travellers;

4. Exchange: allow travellers with a negative balance of credits to buy extra-credits from other travellers which are credit-positive.

Democritos concept

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 9

Context: behaviours and choices

Enabler : ICT

Mobility Credits Platform

Sust

aina

ble

GH

G Lo

ad

Assi

gnm

ent o

f cre

dits

Cons

umpti

on ru

les

Exch

ange

of c

redi

ts

Democritos concept

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 10

MCM pillars /1• The Green House Gases Load on an urban area is derived from the

cumulative trips of all travellers. The average GHG load is at the basis of the individual mobility budget.

N t

j

i

dttGHGtsL1 0

)()(

1 2 j…….. …….. M

2

1

i

N

1 2 j…….. …….. M

M

jtot LL1

LjLj

Lav

Lj = individual GHG load [kg]

N= individual number of trips

M = number of subjects

s(t) = space travelled as a function of time [km]

GHG(t) = instantaneous production of GHG [kg/km]

Ltot= GHG load [kg]

GHG load

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 11

MCM pillars /2• An even distribution of credits translates the conpect that anybody

has the same right to produce GHG and other externalities, all the other conditions being equal.

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 12

• The rules of credit consumption are based on several parameters. The MCP enables to account for other externalities as well

CD

E

F

A

B

A BCar: Length 440 cm

Width 174 cmGasoline Engine, Euro 3

Time: 8:00 amTrip length: 10 km

Credit consumption: 10Underground: Available

C DCar: Length 420 cm

Width 170 cmDiesel Engine, Euro 4

Time: 4:00 pmTrip length: 7 km

Credit consumption: 4Underground: Available

E FCar: Length 350 cm

Width 164 cmGasoline Engine, Euro 4

Time: 10:00 amTrip length: 15 km

Credit consumption: 2Underground: Not Available

Rules of credit comsumption

MCM pillars /3

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 13

• Credits not used by travellers having more credits than needed may be exchanged with travellers who have less credits than needed.

MCM pillars /4

€

CreditsCredits

CitizenzsCitizenzs CitizensCitizens buyingbuyingcreditscredits

CitizensCitizens sellingsellingcreditscredits

InitialInitial distributiondistributionof of creditscredits

Final Final distributiondistributionof of creditscredits

PossiblePossible feefee totosupportsupport

infrastructureinfrastructurecostscosts

Even distribution of credits and exchange mechanism

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SENSOR NETWORK to measure the instantaneous load of GHG (and other externalities) in the metropolitan area

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM enabling the local public Mobility Manager to monitor and control in real time the urban mobility, dynamically adjusting, if needed, the credit consumption rules.

Cheap and easy-to-use system to DIFFUSE INFORMATION to the drivers and citizens about load of externalities and rules of consumptions, using different devices.

MOBILITY CREDIT

REPOSITORY

Accurate, reliable and ELECTRONIC GHG WALLET to implement sophisticated schemes of rules for the consumption of credits. Two possible implementation of the wallet will be considered: an On-Board-GHG-Meter (e.g. an On Board Unit on a vehicle) and a Personal GHG Meter (e.g. a software application running on a smart mobile phone GPS enabled).

MCP architecture: general overview

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 15

MCP architecture: DSSD EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744

WP3 - MCP architecture

Mobility Credit Control

Mobility Credit Set UP

Decision Support System

Definition of the Rules of Consumption

Definition of the Pricing Policy

Calculation of the Individual Free Mobility Budget

Calculation of the Total Credit Amount

Calculation of the Economic Impact of Externalities

Calculation of Sustainable Mobility Load

Calculation of Sustainable Externality Load

Calculation of Externality Load

Definition of the Subjects of the Mobility

Definition of the Type of Mobility

Definition of the Mobility Area

Control

External LinksMap server

Vehicles composition database

Traffic Simulator

Database from insurances, hospitals, local statistics, etc

Subjects database

MOBILITY CREDIT

REPOSITORY

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 16

MCP architecture: sensors networkD EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744

WP3 - MCP architecture

Sensors Network

Parking mgmt

TVCC

Public transportations

Traffic Signals mgmt

LTZ Access control

Accidents mgmt

Speed sensors

Floating car data

MOBILITY CREDIT

REPOSITORY

Traffic Supervisor

GHG sensorsParticulate

sensorsNOx, SOx, etc

sensors

MOBILITY LOAD

SENSORS

INT

ER

FA

CE

wit

h T

RA

FF

IC

SY

ST

EM

S

DEMOCRITOS

DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 17

MCP architecture: GHG walletD EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744

WP3 - MCP architecture

Mobility Credit Administration

Mobility Credits Management

Statistics

MOBILITY CREDIT

REPOSITORY

Electronic GHG Wallet

Tracking of Mobility Behaviour

Calculation of Credit Consumption

Bank of Credits

External Links

Map server

Traffic Simulator

Mobile Operators

Subjects database

Simulations

Electronic Payment Systems

DEMOCRITOS

DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 18

MCP architecture: information diffusion

D EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744

WP3 - MCP architecture

Information diffusion

VEHICLES

Transport operators

Private cars

Smart Phones OBUs

MOBILE OPERATORSCONTROL CENTERS

Drivers

Call Center

Web / Mail

Phone / SMS

MOBILITY CREDIT

REPOSITORY

DEMOCRITOS

DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 19

• the common repository is needed to store information gathered from other sub-systems and processed by the MCP;

• this repository will act also as an interface between all MCP sub-systems.

• Data stored in the repository needs to be:– Filtered by each MCP module that generates them for consistency

purposes– Reliable– Geo-referenced (applicable to traffic information)– Stored to permit later retrieval (indexing)– Ready to be statically analyzed– Easy to be displayed

MCP architecture: mobility credits repository

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 20

Information technologies:• Database, Spreadsheets• Data processing• Image processing, radar sensors, infrared sensors• Web, call centers

ITS:• Vehicles identification (OBUs, APNR)• Vehicles positioning (GNSS, OBUs, …)

Telecommunications:• GSM/ GPRS/ UMTS• Short range communications• WiFi

MCP technologies: overview

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 21

Most of the technologies are at the state of the art:• Automatic Plate Number Recognition systems• Dedicated short range communications

(transponders)• Global Navigation Satellite Systems• Payment systems

For vehicles positioning and, in general, location technologies the future developments offer new opportunities: the relevant “roadmaps” are considered in the next slides.

MCP technologies: state of the art

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 22

Devices using location:• in-vehicles location service (OBU)• Personal navigation devices• Mobile phones (enhanced phones, smartphones)• Fleet mangement• Consumer electronics

Applications using location:• Navigation apps• Location based applications• Ecall, E112• PAYD

MCP technologies: roadmaps

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 23

Requirements:• GPS receiver• Processor with possibility to update the software via

GSM/GPRS• short range RF input/output unit (i.e. Bluetooth, WiFi,) for

management purposes• DSRC passive or active transponder, for possible

interoperability with other charging systems (i.e. parkings, highways)

• GSM/GPRS unit + SIM Card• graphic display• simplified keyboard• power supply from car battery

MCP technologies: OBU

DEMOCRITOS

DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 24

Positioning technologies (communication networks based):

• Cell-ID, Enhanced Cell-ID• WiFi• IP location• sw applications

MCP technologies: roadmaps

D EMOCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744

WP3 - MCP architecture

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Cell - ID

Technologies Roadmap – Communications network based

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Enhanced Cell - ID

WiFi

IP location

Software Applications

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DEMOCRITOS FINAL CONFERENCE • Genoa• 23.09.2011 25

Positioning technologies (satellite based):• GPS, GPS Enhanced, GPS III• Galileo, Glonass• EGNOS

MCP technologies: roadmaps

D EM OCR I T OSGrant agreement no.: 233744

WP3 - MCP architecture

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

GPS

Technologies Roadmap – Satellite based

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

GPS - Enhanced

GPS III

Galileo

Glonass

Glonass - K

EGNOS

A - GPS

DEMOCRITOS

Workshop“Beyond the road pricing policies: concept, acceptability and available technologies”

Milan, Politecnico di MilanoJune 23rd, 2011

Contacts: fermi@trttrasportieterritorio.it

“Mobilitiamoci: innovazioni per la mobilità”• Treviso• 18.05.2011