Transcript
Meaningful Learning and Schema Theory
Laura B, Laura J, Allison, Peter
Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception
Reception Learning the educator will
present the entirety of what is to be learned to
the learner in its final form.(for example - direct teaching of math facts)
Discovery learning learners are required to
rearrange a given array of information,
integrate it with existing cognitive structure
and reorganize or transform the integrated
combination in such a way as to create a
desired end product.*Ausubel believes...this hardly constitutes an efficient
primary means of transmitting the content of an
academic discipline*(for example - mixing primary colored paints together to discover
what they create)
Rote Learning a process in which the
learner undergoes verbatim memorization
of information. In this style, the learner
makes no real connection between known
information and what has been memorized. (for example - memorizing the pledge)
Meaningful Learning occurs when
potentially meaningful information is
connected to what the learner already
knows in a non-arbitrary and substantive
way.(for example - teaching proper eating habits by using
what students eat for lunch and dinner)
“Meaning occurs when learners actively interpret their experiences using a certain
internal cognitive operation”
Assimilation Theory
Derivative and Correlative Subsumption
· Subsumption - Attach new ideas and details in a subordinate fashion to the anchoring ideas
already present.
· Derivative subsumption - Learning of new examples or cases that are illustrative of an
established concept or previously earned proposition.
· Correlative subsumption - Elaboration extension or modification of the previously learned
concept or proposition by the subsumption of the incoming idea
Superordinate and Combinatorial Learning
· Superordinate learning - Occurs through a synthesis of established ideas – a new inclusive
proposition or concept is learned under which already established ideas can be subsumed
· Combinational learning – A new idea is not relatable in a specific sense to an existing anchor
but is generally relevant to a broad background of information.
Assimilation Theory
Schema Theory
1. Schema: organizing and orienting attitude that
involves active organization of past experiences.
“A data structure for representing the
generic concepts stored in memory.”
Ex: You go into a room. You sit down. You order
something. You wait. You pay. You leave.
What did you think of?
2. Schemata: packets of knowledge (like plays)
Schema Acquisition and Modification
1. Accretion: most common;
learning facts; based on
comprehension/understanding
2. Restructuring: the creation of
entirely new schemata which
replace old ones
3. Tuning: existing schemata
serve as the base for
development of new ones; “fine
tuning”
References
Assimilation Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved September 22, 2015, from
http://teorije-ucenja.zesoi.fer.hr/doku.php?id=learning_th
eories:assimilation_theory
Driscoll, M. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd
ed.). Boston: Pearson Allyn and Bacon.
Organization structure. (n.d.). Retrieved September 22, 2015,
from http://www.tra.gov.lb/Organization-structure
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