Day 01 SAP Overview and Functional Overview
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7/24/2019 Day 01 SAP Overview and Functional Overview
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ERP / SAP Overview
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Chapter 1 SAP R/3 Concepts
Chapter 2 Client / Server Architecture
Chapter 3 Process / Threads Concepts
Chapter4 Process / Threads Continued
Chapter 5 essa!e Service" CP#$C"
R%C" E&# Overview
Chapter ' SAP Concepts
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C(APTER 1
SAP R/3 Concepts
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Sales and
Distribution
Finance and
Controlling
Human
Resources
Production
Planning
Materials
Management
)hat &oes SAP R/3 &o*
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SAP R/3 +asis So,tware Is the
-iddleware. o, the R/3 Sste0
External
Computing
environment
R/3 Basis
components
!middle"are#$
Re%uest &or
computing
resources
UNIX
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Hard"are and 'perating S(stem
S)P R/3 Basis So&t"are
The R/3 +asis Sste0
ProductionPlanning
Materials
ManagementFinance and
Controlling
Sales and
Distribution
Human
Resources
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o!ical roupin!s or -aers.
o,SAP R/3 Co0ponents
*+e Database ,a(er
*+ose S)P R/3 so&t"are components t+at
speciali-e in t+e management . storage and
retrieval o& data &orm t+e Database ,a(er
*+e )pplication ,a(er
*+ose S)P R/3 so&t"are components t+at
speciali-e in processing business
applications &orm t+e )pplication ,a(er
*+e Presentation ,a(er
*+ose S)P R/3 so&t"are components t+at
speciali-e in interacting "it+ end0users
&orm t+e Presentation ,a(er
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Three$Tiered Client/Server Architecture -o!ical aers.
*+e Presentation ,a(er
collects user input and
creates process requests.
*+e Presentation ,a(er
collects user input and
creates process requests.
*+e )pplication ,a(er
uses the application logic of
SAP programs to collect and
process the process requests.
*+e )pplication ,a(er
uses the application logic of
SAP programs to collect and
process the process requests.
*+e Database ,a(er
stores and retrieves all data.
*+e Database ,a(er
stores and retrieves all data.
CommunicationCommunication
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reside in1 reside in1reside in1
Phsical &istri6ution o, R/37s
o!ical aers
Database ,a(ercomponents
)pplication ,a(ercomponents
)pplication servers1
Speciali-ed s(stems
multiple CP2s and
vast amounts o& R)M
)pplication servers1
Speciali-ed s(stems
multiple CP2s and
vast amounts o& R)M
Presentation servers1
S(stems capable o&
providing a
grap+ical inter&ace
Presentation servers1
S(stems capable o&
providing a
grap+ical inter&ace
Presentation ,a(ercomponents
Database servers1
Speciali-ed s(stems
"it+ &ast and large
+ard drives
Database servers1
Speciali-ed s(stems
"it+ &ast and large
+ard drives
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C(APTER 2Client/ Server
Architecture
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Client/Server &e,inedPC So&t"are program S)P Client Server So&t"are
MS Excel components
) B C
Presentation ,a(er
)pplication ,a(er
Database ,a(er
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*+e Database ,a(er
components are installed on
one +ig+0end database server
*+e )pplication ,a(er
components are installed
across one or more+ig+0end servers
Phsical &istri6ution o, R/37s Three
aered Client/Server Architecture
Presentation ,a(er components are installed across man( PCs
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R/37s Client/Server
Con,i!urationsCentralisticCentralistic
Computer
!)#
Presentation ,a(er )pplication ,a(er Database ,a(er
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R/37s Client/Server
Con,i!urations
Presentation ,a(er )pplication ,a(er Database ,a(er
Distributed PresentationDistributed Presentation
Computer
!)0n#
Computer
!)0#
Computer
!)04#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!B#
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*"o0tier Client/Server *"o0tier Client/Server
Computer
!B#
R/37s Client/Server
Con,i!urations
Computer
!)0n#
Computer
!)0#
Computer
!)04#
Computer
!)#
Presentation ,a(er )pplication ,a(er Database ,a(er
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*+ree0tier Client/Server *+ree0tier Client/Server
R/37s Client/Server
Con,i!urations
Computer
!C#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!B#
Computer
!B#
Computer
!B#
Presentation ,a(er )pplication ,a(er Database ,a(er
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Computer !)04#
Computer
!)0#
Computer !)0n#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!B04#
Computer
!B0n#
Computer
!B#
R/37s ulti$Tier" Cooperative
Client/Server Con,i!urationMulti0tier. cooperative Client/Server Multi0tier. cooperative Client/Server
Computer
!C#
Computer
!C0n#
Presentation ,a(er )pplication ,a(er Database ,a(er
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R/37s ulti$Tier" Cooperative
Client/Server Con,i!uration
Presentation ,a(er )pplication ,a(er Database ,a(er
Computer
!C0n#Computer
!B0n#
Computer !B04#
Computer
!B04#
Computer
!)#
Computer
!)04#
Computer
!)0#
Computer
!)0n#
Computer
!C#
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E9a0ple co0ponents o, SAP:#;
< SAP +usiness raphics
< SAP (ierarch raphics
< SAP Push6utton raphics
< SAP Statistical raphics
< SAP antt Chart raphics< SAP (P &ispla
< SAP =etwor> raphics
< SAP Port,olio raphics
< SAP +ar Chart raphics
< SAP Structural raphics
SAP:#;
The Presentation aer So,tware
Presentation ,a(er So&t"are1 S)P526
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E9chan!in! &ata 6etween the
Presentation and Applicationaers
)pplication ,a(er So&t"are1
R/3 Runtime S(stem
Presentation ,a(er
So&t"are1 S)P526
4 to 7ilob(tes
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+usiness TransactionsBusiness *ransaction FD8!C+ange customer in&ormation#
Screen 4
Screen
Complete transaction 9
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+usiness Transactions
and the R/3 Runti0e Sste0
Screen 4Screen
R/3 Runtime S(stem
: ,'C7 business ob;ect !<=># t+en.
: Prepare to !R',,B)C7# i& necessar(
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C(APTER 3Process" Thread Concepts
$ An #ntroduction
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Processes
Process) Process is essentiall(
a program Eac+ process+as memor( and access
to s(stem resources
) Process is essentiall(
a program Eac+ process+as memor( and access
to s(stem resources
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Threads
Process
*+read 4*+read 4 *+read *+read *+read 3*+read 3
) *+read is t+e actual component
o& a process t+at is executing at
one time Eac+ t+read is capableo& completing a di&&erent tas? t+at
it@s process re%uests
) *+read is t+e actual component
o& a process t+at is executing at
one time Eac+ t+read is capableo& completing a di&&erent tas? t+at
it@s process re%uests
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The ?ernel
CP2
Process
'S 7ernel'S 7ernel
Process
Process
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2
S)P
)or> Processes and the
&ispatcher
Dialog 2pdate En%ueue Spool Bac?ground
CP2'S 7ernel'S 7ernel
S)P Dispatc+er S)P Dispatc+er ) component o& t+e S)P
7ernel called t+e Dispatc+er
must manage process
access to t+e 'S ?ernel
) component o& t+e S)P
7ernel called t+e Dispatc+er
must manage process
access to t+e 'S ?ernel
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2
C(APTER 4
Process" Thread Concepts in R/3$ #n &etail
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The R/3 Runti0e Sste0Dispatc+er
Dialog 2pdate Spool Bac?ground
)pplication
Server !)#
Dispatc+er
En%ueueDialog 2pdate Spool Bac?ground
Database
Server
Dispatc+er )pplication
Server !B#Dialog 2pdate Spool Bac?ground
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&ispatcher
Dispatc+er
2SER 42SER 4
2SER 2SER
2SER 32SER 3
2SER A2SER A
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)or> Processes
2pdate En%ueue Spool Bac?ground
or Batc+
Dialog
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&ispatcher in Action
Dispatc+er
Presentation level
)pplication level
arious t(pes o&processing re%uests
Re%uest
%ueues
En%ueue2pdate SpoolDialog Batc+
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#nside the R/3 Runti0e Sste0
Dispatc+er
arious t(pes o&
processing re%uests
Re%uest
%ueues
Process Re%uest
2ser1 Fred ones
)ctivit(1 Read data <=>
Screen1 4
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2pdate En%ueue Spool Bac?ground
or Batc+
Dialog
The Code +ehind R/3
Dispatc+er
S)P R/3 *ransactions are
"ritten in )B)P/A. S)P@s At+
generation interpreted
programming language
S)P R/3 Runtime S(stem
is "ritten in )S60C
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#nside the R/3 Runti0e Sste0
o
k
P
o
*as?
Handler
D=PR' Processor
)B)P/A Processor
m e m o r (
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#nside the R/3 Runti0e Sste0
Re%uest
%ueuesDispatc+er
arious t(pes o&
processing re%uests
Process Re%uest
Read data !<=># or
rite data !<=>#
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Readin! data in the R/3 Sste0
*ransaction
Screen 4
6 "ant to run a
customer report &or
customer 8884
Screen 4
Screen
6 onl( "ant to include
data in m( report t+at
pertains to orders t+at
"ere &illed "it+in t+e
last mont+s
Screen
Screen 3
But onl( &or
product <=>
Screen n
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*ransaction
Readin! data in the R/3 Sste0
Screen 4 Screen Screen n
Re%uest
%ueuesDispatc+er
Process
Re%uest 4
Process
Re%uest
Process
Re%uest 3
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3
Readin! data in the R/3 Sste0
R/3R/3
Bu&&ersBu&&ers S + a r e d M e m o r ( S e g m e n t s
Re%uestRe%uest
GueuesGueues
D i a l o g
*as?
Handler
D=P
)B)P/A
m e m o r (
Screen 4 Screen Screen n * r a n s a c t i o n
Process Re%uests
Re%uested
data retrieved
&rom t+e R/3
Bu&&ers
A
V
A
L
A
B
L
E
D i a l o g
*as?
Handler
D=P
)B)P/A
m e m o r (
B
S
Y
Dispatc+er Dispatc+er
D i a l o g
*as?
Handler
D=P
)B)P/A
m e m o r (
B
S
Y
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Readin! data in the R/3 Sste0
E x t e n d e d M e m o r
(
ExtendedExtended
Memor(Memor(
Manager Manager
R/3R/3
Bu&&ersBu&&ers S + a r e d M e m o r ( S e g m
e n t s
Dispatc+er Dispatc+er
Re%uestRe%uest
GueuesGueues
*+e process re%uest
&or t+e next screen is
copied do"n
*+e data retrieved
&or t+e last screen
is stored in extended
memor( in an areacalled t+e user
context
D i a l o g
*as?
Handle
r D=P
)B)P/A
m e m o r (
A
V
A
L
A
B
L
E
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S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$
*ransaction
Screen 4 Screen Screen n
2pdate
SAP o!ical :nit o, )or>
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S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$
*ransaction
2pdate
&istri6ution o, a +usiness
Transaction Across ultiple )Ps
Handled b(1 Handled b(1 Handled b(1 Handled b(1
Dialog B Dialog C 2pdateDialog )
Screen 4 Screen Screen n
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Asnchronous :pdatin!;The Online Phase
Dialog CDialog BDialog )
S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$
*ransaction
2pdate
Screen 4 Screen Screen n
Database
Commit
Database
Commit
Database
Commit
B,'5B,'5rite rite rite
*+e 'nline
P+ase o&
an update
ends +ere
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2pdateDialog CDialog BDialog )
S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$S)P ,ogical 2nit o& or? S)P,2$
*ransaction
2pdate
Screen 4 Screen Screen n
Database
Commit
Database
Commit
Database
Commit
B,'5B,'5
Asnchronous :pdatin!;The Postin! Phase
Read
*+e Posting P+ase o& an update starts +ere
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@+O records
Posting Routine Data 24 Screen 4 o& 3
Posting Routine Data 2 Screen o& 3
Posting Routine Data 2 Screen 3 o& 3
B,'5
S ) P , 2
S ) P , 2
Dialog C
Dialog B
Dialog )
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Errors during Update Phase
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Posting Routine Data 24 Screen 4 o& 3
Posting Routine Data 24 Screen o& 3
Posting Routine Data 2 Screen o& 3
(andlin! o, Error Situations
:1 Ter0inationBB,'5
S ) P , 2
S ) P , 2
2pdate
22 44
R',,B)C7
R',,B)C7
6gnored
Dialog C
Dialog B
Dialog )
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4
2pdate
S ) P , 2
S ) P , 2
(andlin! o, Error Situations
:2 Ter0inationB
Posting Routine Data 24 Screen 4 o& 3
Posting Routine Data 2 Screen o& 3
Posting Routine Data 2 Screen o& 3
B,'5
22
Continue
Dialog C
Dialog B
Dialog )
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4
The Enueue )or> Process
Dialog
En%ueue
Message Service
,oc? Re%uest,oc? Re%uest
,oc? *able
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The +ac>!round )or> Process
Bac?ground
Bac?ground ob )Bac?ground ob )
Step I 4Step I 4Step I Step I
De&ining a bac?ground ;obDe&ining a bac?ground ;ob
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The Spool )or> Process
'/S
Spooler
*+e 'perating S(stemspooler assumes t+e
print %ueue management
*+e 'perating S(stemspooler assumes t+e
print %ueue management
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C(APTER 5essa!e Service" CP#$C" R%C"
E&# Overview
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Service )
A Service
Process )4 Process )'nline
Re%uesting a particular
&unction or !service#
Re%uesting a particular
&unction or !service#
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The essa!e Service
'nline
En%ueue
Messageserver
Messageserver
,oc? Re%uest,oc? Re%uest
,oc? *ableMessageService
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)n external
R/3 S(stem
)n external
R/3 S(stem
5ate"a(server
5ate"a(server
S)P 5ate"a(
Service
The SAP atewa Service
Communication to anexternal R/3 S(stemCommunication to anexternal R/3 S(stem
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5'
CP#$C AP#
or? Process or? Process
Example1 or? process communicationExample1 or? process communication
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5
Re0ote %unction Calls
on S)P s(stemon S)P s(stem
Example1 Communication "it+ an external s(stemExample1 Communication "it+ an external s(stem
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E&# Architecture
MM
Customer$
6ntermediate
Document *(pe
ED6 Subs(stem
Communication
SD
endor$
6ntermediate
Document
ED6 Subs(stem
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5
C(APTER 'SAP Concepts
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'8
An SAP #nstance
S)P Dispatc+er S)P Dispatc+er
or? Processesor? Processes
S)P 6nstanceS)P 6nstance
'perating
S(stem
'perating
S(stem*CP/6P So&t"are*CP/6P So&t"are
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'1
En%ue%ueor? Process
An SAP Central #nstance
S)P Dispatc+er S)P Dispatc+er
or? Processesor? Processes
S)P Central 6nstanceS)P Central 6nstance
Perip+eral6nstance !)#
Message
Service
Perip+eral
6nstance !B#'peratingS(stem
'perating
S(stem *CP/6PSo&t"are
*CP/6P
So&t"are
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'2
S)P Dispatc+er
or? Processes
S)P 6nstance
'perating
S(stem*CP/6P So&t"are
An SAP Sste0
D)*)B)SE
En%ue%ue
or? Process
S)P
Central
6nstance Message Service
S)P Dispatc+er
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