Transcript
Data/TelecommunicationStandards & Review
TIA Standards568 – 569606 - 607
WARNING!!!
NOT ALL QUESTIONS FOR THIS MODULE ARE ANSWERED WITHIN THE
POWERPOINTS OF THIS PROGRAM.
IT IS IMPARITIVE THAT YOU DOWNLOAD THE PDF FILE FOR THIS COURSE FROM
THE LERC WEBSITE AS PREVIOUSLY INSTRUCTED & HAVE A COPY OF THE 2005
NEC at hand.
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-AThe Six Subsystems of a Structured Cabling
System
Building Entrance
Building entrance facilities provide the point at which outdoor cabling interfaces with the intra-building backbone cabling. The physical requirements of the network interface are defined in the TIA/EIA-569-A standard.
Equipment Room
The design aspects of the equipment room are specified in the TIA/EIA-569-A standard. Equipment rooms usually house equipment of higher complexity than telecommunications closets. Any or all of the functions of a telecommunications closet may be provided by an equipment room.
Backbone CablingThe backbone cabling provides interconnection between
telecommunication closets, equipment rooms and entrance facilities. It consists of the backbone cables, intermediate and main cross-connects, mechanical terminations and patch cords or jumpers used for backbone-to-backbone cross-connection. This includes:
Vertical connection between floors (risers) Cables between an equipment room and
building cable entrance facilities Cables between buildings (interbuilding)
*Note: Backbone distances are application-dependent. The maximum distances specified above are based on voice transmission for UTP and data transmission for STP and fiber. The 90-meter distance for STP applies to applications with a spectral bandwidth of 20 MHz to 300 MHz. A 90-meter distance also applies to UTP at spectral bandwidths of 5-16 MHz for CAT 3, 10
MHz for CAT 4, and 20-100 MHz for CAT 5.
Cabling Types Recognized Maximum Backbone Distances 100 ohm UTP (24 or 22 AWG) 800 meters (2625 ft)voice*
150 ohm STP 90 meters (295 ft) Data*Multimode 62.5/125µm optical fiber 2,000 meters (6560 ft)Single-mode 8.3/125 µm optical fiber 3,000 meters (9840 ft)
Lower-speed data systems such as IBM 3270, IBM System 36, 38, AS 400 and asynchronous (RS232, 422, 423, etc.) can operate over UTP (or STP) for considerably longer distances-typically from several hundred feet to more than 1,000 feet. The actual distances depend on the type of system, data speed and the manufacturer's specifications for the system electronics and the associated components used (e.g., baluns, adapters, line drivers, etc.). Current state-of-the-art distribution facilities usually include a combination of both copper and fiber optic cables in the backbone.
Other Design Requirements • Star topology • No more than two hierarchical levels of cross-
connects • Bridge taps are not allowed • Main and intermediate cross-connect jumper or patch
cord lengths should not exceed 20 meters (66 feet) • Avoid installing in areas where sources of high levels
of EMI/RFI may exist • Grounding should meet the requirements as defined
in TIA/EIA-607
Note: It is recommended that the user consult with equipment manufacturers, application standards and system providers for additional information when planning shared-sheath applications on UTP backbone cables.
Specified Backbone Cabling Topology: Star
Telecommunications Closet
A telecommunications closet is the area within a building that houses the telecommunications cabling system equipment. This includes the mechanical terminations and/or cross-connect for the horizontal and backbone cabling system. Please refer to TIA/EIA-569-A for the design specifications of the telecomm-unications closet.
Horizontal Cabling —(Specified Horizontal Cabling Topology: Star)
• The horizontal cabling system extends from the work area telecommunications (information) outlet to the telecommunications closet and consists of the following:
• Horizontal Cabling • Telecommunications Outlet • Cable Terminations • Cross-connections
Horizontal Cabling —(Specified Horizontal Cabling Topology: Star)
cont.• Three media types are recognized as options for
horizontal cabling, each extending a maximum distance of 90 meters:
4-pair, 100-ohm UTP cable (24 AWG solid conductors)
• 2-pair, 150-ohm STP cables • 2-fiber, 62.5/125-µm optical cableNote:At this time, 50-ohm coaxial cable is a recognized media type. It is not,
however, recommended for new cabling installations and is expected to be removed from the next revision of this standard.
Maximum Distances for Horizontal Cabling
In addition to the 90 meters of horizontal cable, a total of 10 meters is allowed for In addition to the 90 meters of horizontal cable, a total of 10 meters is allowed for work area and telecommunications closet patch and jumper cables.work area and telecommunications closet patch and jumper cables.
Telecommunications Outlet100 ohm UTP 4-pair for
Voice T568-A or T568-B wiring
100 ohm UTP 4-pair,150 ohm STP 2-pair or62.5/125µm fiber for data
Each work area shall have a minimum of TWO information Each work area shall have a minimum of TWO information outlet ports, one for voice and one for data. The cabling outlet ports, one for voice and one for data. The cabling choices are indicated in the diagram above. The RJ-45 plug choices are indicated in the diagram above. The RJ-45 plug is normally used with either of these jacks.is normally used with either of these jacks.
8-Position Modular Jack Pair Assignments for UTPApplication Specific Pair Assignment for 8-Position
T568AT568APin #Pin # Conductor Color CodeConductor Color Code 11 white/green white/green 2 green2 green 3 white/orange 3 white/orange 4 blue4 blue 5 white/blue 5 white/blue 6 orange6 orange 7 white/brown 7 white/brown 8 brown8 brown
T568BPin # Conductor Color Code 1 white/orange 2 orange 3 white/green 4 blue 5 white/blue 6 green 7 white/brown 8 brown
Work Area The work area components extend from the tele-communications
(information) outlet to the station equipment. Work area wiring is designed to be relatively simple to interconnect so that moves, adds and changes are easily managed.
Work Area Components • Station Equipment — computers, data terminals, telephones,
etc. • Patch Cables — modular cords, PC adapter cables, fiber
jumpers, etc. • Adapters (baluns, etc.) — must be external to
telecommunications outlet
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A Media and Connecting Hardware Performance Specifications
100 ohm Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Cabling Systems 150 Ohm Sheilded
Twisted-Pair (STP-A) Cabling SystemsOptical Fiber Cabling SystemsBulletinsAddenda to TIA/EIA-568-ATIA/EIA-568-B.3
100 ohm Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Cabling Systems
As transmission rates have increased, higher performance UTP cabling has become a necessity. In addition, some means of classifying horizontal UTP cables and connecting hardware by performance capability had to be established. These capabilities have been broken down to a series of categories as follows:
• Category 3 Cables/connecting hardware with transmission parameters characterized up to 16 MHz
• Category 4Cables/connecting hardware with transmission parameters characterized up to 20 MHz
• Category 5 Cables/connecting hardware with transmission parameters characterized up to 100 MHz
UTP Connecting Hardware and Cords
To ensure that installed connecting hardware (telecommunications outlets, patch cords and panels, connectors, cross-connect blocks, etc.) will have minimal effect on overall cabling system performance, the characteristics and performance parameters presented in this section shall be met.
• The preferred termination method for all UTP connecting hardware utilizes the insulation displacement contact (IDC).
• The following requirements apply only to wire and cable used for patch cords and cross-connect jumpers:
• Jumper/patch cord maximum length limitations: • 20 meters (66 feet) in main cross-connect • 20 meters (66 feet) in intermediate cross-connect • 6 meters (20 feet) in telecommunications closet • 3 meters (10 feet) in the work area• Patch cord cable construction:• stranded conductors for extended flex-life
150 Ohm Sheilded Twisted-Pair (STP-A) Cabling Systems
The recognized twisted-pair (STP) cables are IBM-type 1A for backbone and horizontal distribution and IBM-type 6A for patch cables.
Optical Fiber Cabling Systems • Optical Fiber Cabling Media • Horizontal — 62.5/125 µm multimode optical fiber (minimum of two fibers) • Backbone — 62.5/125 µm multimode and 8.3/125 µm single-mode optical
fiber Cable Transmission Performance Parameters (Horizontal & Backbone)
Multimode Wavelength (nm) Max. Attenuation (dB/km) Min. Bandwidth (MHz-km)
850 3.75 1601300 1.5 500
Cable Transmission Performance Parameters Single-mode (Backbone) Wavelength (nm) Maximum Attenuation (dB/km)
1310 0.51550 .05
Optical Fiber Connector Specified Connector: 568SC Color Identification
• beige-62.5/125 µm multimode connector/coupling • blue-8.3/125 µm single-mode connector/coupling
Note 1: Applications with an installed base of ST-type fiber connectors are "grandfathered" for continued use in both current and future updates of existing optical fiber networks.
Note 2: A key reason the standard now specifies the 568SC-type fiber connector is to harmonize with the IEC-specified interface currently in use
in Europe.
Optical Fiber Telecommunications Outlet Required Features
• Capability to terminate minimum of two fibers into 568SC couplings
• Means of securing fiber and maintaining minimum bend radius of 30 mm
• Ability to store a minimum of 1 meter of 2-fiber cable
• Surface-mount box that attaches directly over standard 4" X 4" electrical box
TIA/EIA TSB-67
• Transmission Performance Specification for Field Testing of Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cabling Systems (10/95)
• For the purposes of testing UTP cabling systems, the horizontal link is assumed to contain a telecommunications outlet/connector, a transition point, 90 meters of UTP Category 3, 4 or 5 cable, a cross-connect consisting of two blocks or panels and a total of 10 meters of patch cords. The figure below shows the relationship of these components.
TIA/EIA TSB-67 cont.
TIA/EIA TSB-67 cont.Two link configurations are defined for testing
purposes. The basic link includes the horizontal distribution cable, telecommunications outlet/ connector or transition point and one horizontal cross-connect component. This is assumed to be the permanent part of a link. The channel link is comprised of the basic link plus cross-connect equipment, user and cross-connect jumper cable. TSB-67 defines the allowable worst-case attenuation and NEXT for an installed link. The following tables show the limitations for attenuation and NEXT, respectively, for both the basic and channel links.
TIA/EIA TSB-67 cont.
Tests shall also measure physical length of each link, and employ Wire Map to verify pin terminations at each end and identify simple electrical faults. Level I and the higher Level II field test equipment accuracy is defined.
TIA/EIA TSB-72
Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Guidelines (10/95)
• The ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A standard provides maximum flexibility for distributed electronics for multi-tenant buildings. TSB-72 offers guidelines for single-tenant users who prefer centralized electronics (i.e. server farms) connected by a fiber horizontal and fiber backbone
To connect fiber from the Work Area to the Equipment Room, within a single building, the user may use a splice or interconnect in the Telecom Closet. The combined distance limitation is 300 meters (984 ft) for Horizontal, Intrabuilding Backbone and patch cords. Alternatively, the user may simply pull cables through the closet. In this last case the fiber Horizontal and Backbone consist of one continuous fiber pair, and the pull-through distance limitation is 90 meters (295 ft). Cabling is 62.5/125 µm multimode as described in TIA/EIA 568-A. Sufficient space shall be allowed for slack, addition and removal of cables, spares, and conversion to a full cross-connect system. Labeling shall be in accordance with TIA/EIA-606, with additional labeling to identify A-B pairs with specific Work Areas.
TIA/EIA TSB-75 Additional Horizontal Cabling Practices for Open
Offices (8/96) This document specifies optional practices for open office environments, for any Horizontal telecommunications cabling recognized in TIA/EIA 568-A.
A Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet (MUTO) facilitates the termination of multiple Horizontal cables in a common location within a furniture cluster. Work Area cables may then be routed through furniture pathways and directly connected to Work Area equipment. Each furniture cluster should have one MUTO which serves a maximum of twelve Work Areas.
Maximum Work Area Cable length is determined by the following table:Length of Max. Length Max. Comb. Horiz. cable work area m(ft) 90 (295) 3 (10) 10 (33) 85 (279) 7 (23) 14 (46) 80 (262) 11 (36) 18 (59) 75 (246) 15 (49) 22 (72) 70 (230) 20 (66) 27 (89)Note: No work area cable length may exceed 20 meters (66 feet)
For Optical Fiber, any combination of Horizontal, Work Area cables, patch cords and equipment cords
may not exceed 100 meters (328 ft).
• Only one Consolidation Point (an interconnection point in the Horizontal cabling) is allowed, at a distance of at least 15 meters (49 ft) from the Telecom Closet and a Transition point (transition from round to flat under carpet cable) is not allowed. A Consolidation Point is installed in unobstructed building columns and permanent walls.
• The Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet, and Consolidation Point methods are intended to be mutually exclusive. Labeling and allowance for spares is required. Moves, adds and changes should be administered in the Telecom Closet.
TIA/EIA TSB 95 • Additional Transmission Performance Guidelines for 4-
Pair 100 MHz Category 5 Cabling (10/99) • This Systems Bulletin describes Return Loss and Equal Level
Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT) recommendations and additional test methods for Cat 5 cable. It also describes Power Sum ELFEXT, because newer applications (1000BASE-T) will use simultaneous bi-directional transmission (full duplex) over all four pairs.
• While the important topics of TSB-95 are covered briefly here, appropriate test equipment is required, and contemporary test equipment contains software to simplify, compare and report the results (only up to 100 MHz).
Addenda to TIA/EIA-568-A TIA/EIA-568-A-1 (Addendum 1) (9/97)
• Propagation Delay and Delay Skew Specifications for 100-Ohm 4-pair Cable
Propagation delay is the time needed for the transmission of signal over a single pair. Delay skew is the difference between the propagation delay between any two pairs within the same cable sheath. Delay skew is caused primarily because twisted pairs are designed to have different twists per foot (lay lengths). Delay skew could cause data transmitted over one channel to arrive out of sync with data over another channel. This one-page addendum (plus a one- and two-page Informative Annex), specifies delay skew and provides formulas for the benefit of cable and test equipment manufacturers.
TIA/EIA-568-A-2 (Addendum 2) (8/98)
Corrections and Additions to TIA/EIA-568-AAddendum 2 refers the Centralized Optical Fiber user to TSB-72 in regards to star topology and cross connections. It specifies that transposed UTP pairs (tip/ring reversal) be accomplished only with adapters or patch cords. A slight reduction in strength of optical patch cord connectors is allowed. Laboratory and quality control measurements and methods are detailed for contact resistance, test baluns and common mode terminations (Five pages, no Annex).
TIA/EIA-568-A-3 (Addendum 3) (12/98)
Addendum No. 3 to TIA/EIA-568-AThis one-page document allows bundled, wrapped or hybrid cables for use in Horizontal cabling, provided that each individual cable type meets TIA/EIA-568-A specifications, and that power sum NEXT loss created by adjacent jacketed cables be 3 dB better than the normally allowed pair-to-pair NEXT for the cable type being tested. Color codes must follow individual cable standards to distinguish them from multipair UTP backbone cabling.
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-4 (Addendum 4) (12/99)
A Production Modular Cord NEXT Loss Test Method and Requirements for Unshielded Twisted-Pair CablingThis addendum provides a non-destructive methodology for NEXT loss testing of modular plug cords (patch and equipment cords) suitable only for a QC laboratory environment.
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-5 (Addendum 5) (2/00)
Transmission Performance Specifications for 4-Pair 100 Ohm Category 5e CablingThis addendum specifies minimum Return Loss, Propagation Delay, Delay Skew. NEXT loss, PSNEXT loss, FEXT loss, ELFEXT and PSELFEXT @ 100 meters.
• ELFEXT (Equal-Level Far-End Crosstalk): A measure of the unwanted signal coupling from a transmitter at the near-end into a neighboring pair measured at the far-end, relative to the received signal level measured on that same pair. (ELFEXT is FEXT adjusted to discount attenuation.)
• FEXT (Far-End Crosstalk): A measure of the unwanted signal coupling from a transmitter at the near-end into a neighboring pair measured at the far-end.
• PSELFEXT (Power Sum Equal-Level Far-End Crosstalk): A computation of the unwanted signal coupling from multiple transmitters at the near-end into a pair measured at the far-end, relative to the received signal level on that same pair.
• PSNEXT (Power Sum Near-End Crosstalk): A computation of the unwanted signal coupling from multiple transmitters at the near-end into a (non-energized) pair measured at the near-end.
TIA/EIA-568-B.3Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard • The TIA/EIA-568-A standard will eventually be
superceded by: TIA/EIA-568-B.1 "Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling System," TIA/EIA-568-B.2 "Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Standard," and TIA/EIA-568-B.3 "Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard."
• In March of 2000, the Optical Fiber section was completed and became available to the public in May. This standard supercedes and replaces Section 12 of the previous document. The remaining B documents should be completed by mid-2001.
Optical Fiber ConnectorNo Specified Connector: 568SC and other
duplex designs may be used. • Color Identification • beige-multimode connector/coupling • blue-single-mode connector/coupling• Note 1: Applications with installed base of ST-type fiber
connectors are "grandfathered" for continued use in both current and future updates of existing optical fiber networks.
• Note 2: The ISO/IEC standard now specifies the 568SC-type fiber connector in the work area.
• Optical Fiber Telecommunications Outlet • Required Features: • Capability to terminate minimum of two fibers into
568SC couplings or other duplex connection • Means of securing fiber and maintaining minimum
bend radius of 25 mm(1")• Optical Fiber Splices; Fusion or Mechanical • Maximum Attenuation 0.3 dB• Optical Fiber Connector (mated pair) • Maximum Insertion loss 0.75 dB
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