Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam Floors
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Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Make Everyday a Training Day…So that Everyone Goes HomeMake Everyday a Training Day…So that Everyone Goes Home
c. 2008 NFFFc. 2008 NFFF
FirefighterFirefighter Life Safety Resource KitLife Safety Resource Kit
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Overview Engineered Wood I-Beams
(Commonly called TJI’s)
Case Studies of LODD (NIOSH) Pre-incident Identification Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Operational Decision Making Review
Overview Engineered Wood I-Beams
(Commonly called TJI’s)
Case Studies of LODD (NIOSH) Pre-incident Identification Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Operational Decision Making Review
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Engineered Wood I-Beams Structural components
comprising of top and bottom flanges, which may be solid or laminated wood, united with a plywood or Oriented Strand Board (OSB) web of various depths.
Engineered Wood I-Beams Structural components
comprising of top and bottom flanges, which may be solid or laminated wood, united with a plywood or Oriented Strand Board (OSB) web of various depths.
Top Flange
Web
Bottom Flange
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Engineered Wood I-Beams Primarily used for floor
systems but can be found in some roof applications
Manufactured up to 60’ in length
Cross section resembles the shape of a steel I beam
Engineered Wood I-Beams Primarily used for floor
systems but can be found in some roof applications
Manufactured up to 60’ in length
Cross section resembles the shape of a steel I beam
Cathedral
Ceiling
6
126
12
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Engineered Wood I-Beams
First developed in 1969
Cost and performance drove the development
Designed to provide “open” floor spaces
Engineered Wood I-Beams
First developed in 1969
Cost and performance drove the development
Designed to provide “open” floor spaces
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Engineered Wood I-Beam
Used in nearly 50% of today's residential construction
Rising cost of standard dimensional lumber makes the wood I-beam affordable
Ease of installation reduces labor cost.
Engineered Wood I-Beam
Used in nearly 50% of today's residential construction
Rising cost of standard dimensional lumber makes the wood I-beam affordable
Ease of installation reduces labor cost.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Engineered Wood I-Beams The collapse potential of engineered wood I-Beams
exposed to fire presents an extreme danger to fire fighters.
Engineered Wood I-Beams The collapse potential of engineered wood I-Beams
exposed to fire presents an extreme danger to fire fighters.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Case Studies of LODD (NIOSH)
www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200707.htmlwww.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200707.html
www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200626.htmlwww.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200626.html
www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200624.htmlwww.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200624.html
Case Studies of LODD (NIOSH)
www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200707.htmlwww.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200707.html
www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200626.htmlwww.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200626.html
www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200624.htmlwww.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200624.html
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
On August 13, 2006, a 55-year old male career firefighter died after falling through the floor at a residential structure fire.
On August 13, 2006, a 55-year old male career firefighter died after falling through the floor at a residential structure fire.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
On June 25, 2006, a 34-year-old male volunteer Deputy Fire Chief died after falling through a failed section of floor in a
residential structure fire.
On June 25, 2006, a 34-year-old male volunteer Deputy Fire Chief died after falling through a failed section of floor in a
residential structure fire.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
On January 26, 2007, a 24-year-old male volunteer fire fighter died at a residential structure fire after falling through the
floor which was supported by engineered wooden I-Beams.
On January 26, 2007, a 24-year-old male volunteer fire fighter died at a residential structure fire after falling through the
floor which was supported by engineered wooden I-Beams.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Pre-incident Identification New Construction
Nearly ½ of new construction
All residential construction after 1990 is suspect to some type of truss floor system Wood I-Beam Parallel Cord
Pre-incident Identification New Construction
Nearly ½ of new construction
All residential construction after 1990 is suspect to some type of truss floor system Wood I-Beam Parallel Cord
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Pre-incident Identification Fire Departments should inspect new
construction to identify floor construction types. Identify unfinished basement ceilings or
suspended acoustical tile for either provide a fire stop.
The presence of truss construction and engineered wood I-Beams should be recorded.
Computer Aided Dispatch Systems should include information to alert responding personnel.
Pre-incident Identification Fire Departments should inspect new
construction to identify floor construction types. Identify unfinished basement ceilings or
suspended acoustical tile for either provide a fire stop.
The presence of truss construction and engineered wood I-Beams should be recorded.
Computer Aided Dispatch Systems should include information to alert responding personnel.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Pre-incident IdentificationFire Departments should work with State and Local Building Code authorities to require markings to indicate the presence of light weight and/or truss construction.
Pre-incident IdentificationFire Departments should work with State and Local Building Code authorities to require markings to indicate the presence of light weight and/or truss construction.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Engineered wood
I-Beams burn rapidly due to a very high surface-to-mass ratio characteristic of kindling.
Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Engineered wood
I-Beams burn rapidly due to a very high surface-to-mass ratio characteristic of kindling.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Adhesive may fail in
heat
Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Adhesive may fail in
heat
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Structural integrity can be compromised by
improper cutting or “notching” of structural members during construction.
Typical problem due to plumbers, electricians or non-professional carpenters.
Greater spans then conventional solid sawn construction
Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Structural integrity can be compromised by
improper cutting or “notching” of structural members during construction.
Typical problem due to plumbers, electricians or non-professional carpenters.
Greater spans then conventional solid sawn construction
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Risk/Benefit
Fire fighters will take significant risk to save a known life
Fire fighters will take a calculated risk, and provide for additional safety, to save valuable property or reduce the potential for civilian and firefighter injuries
Firefighters will not risk their safety to save what is already lost
Risk/Benefit
Fire fighters will take significant risk to save a known life
Fire fighters will take a calculated risk, and provide for additional safety, to save valuable property or reduce the potential for civilian and firefighter injuries
Firefighters will not risk their safety to save what is already lost
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Risk/Benefit
Tactics based on sawn (solid) joist floors will kill fire fighters if used on buildings with truss floors”
Brannigan – Building Construction for the Fire Service – 3rd edition
Know Your Enemy, before entering!
Risk/Benefit
Tactics based on sawn (solid) joist floors will kill fire fighters if used on buildings with truss floors”
Brannigan – Building Construction for the Fire Service – 3rd edition
Know Your Enemy, before entering!
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Operational Decision Making
No reliable time limit exists for how long fire fighters should operate under or on truss floors or engineered wood I-Beams that are exposed to fire.
Operational Decision Making
No reliable time limit exists for how long fire fighters should operate under or on truss floors or engineered wood I-Beams that are exposed to fire.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Operational Decision Making
“three scenarios can occur ……. while operating at fires involving truss roof or floor systems” [Dunn, 1992}
1. fire fighters may fall into the fire as the sheathing or the floor truss system collapses below them.
2. the roof trusses may collapse onto them.3. the floor or roof may collapse and cause a
secondary wall collapse.
Operational Decision Making
“three scenarios can occur ……. while operating at fires involving truss roof or floor systems” [Dunn, 1992}
1. fire fighters may fall into the fire as the sheathing or the floor truss system collapses below them.
2. the roof trusses may collapse onto them.3. the floor or roof may collapse and cause a
secondary wall collapse.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Operational Decision Making
Firefighters should not be on top or underneath structural components that are burning.
When it is determined that the building’s trusses have been exposed to fire, any fire fighters operating under or above them should be immediately evacuated
Operational Decision Making
Firefighters should not be on top or underneath structural components that are burning.
When it is determined that the building’s trusses have been exposed to fire, any fire fighters operating under or above them should be immediately evacuated
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Operational Decision Making
A thermal imaging camera (TIC) can be a useful tool for initial size up and for locating the seat of or extent of a fire.
Preliminary test results by UL indicate that infrared imaging may not accurately identify temperatures just below the floor where the wood I-Beams are burned through due to carpet padding or multiple floor layers.
Operational Decision Making
A thermal imaging camera (TIC) can be a useful tool for initial size up and for locating the seat of or extent of a fire.
Preliminary test results by UL indicate that infrared imaging may not accurately identify temperatures just below the floor where the wood I-Beams are burned through due to carpet padding or multiple floor layers.
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Operational Decision Making
Basement fires pose significant risks to firefighters and can be considered a “common denominator” for firefighter death and injuries
Determine the type of floor system before entering
Operational Decision Making
Basement fires pose significant risks to firefighters and can be considered a “common denominator” for firefighter death and injuries
Determine the type of floor system before entering
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
“Tactics based on sawn (solid) joist floors will kill fire fighters if used on buildings with truss floors”
Brannigan – Building Construction for the Fire Service – 3rd edition
“Tactics based on sawn (solid) joist floors will kill fire fighters if used on buildings with truss floors”
Brannigan – Building Construction for the Fire Service – 3rd edition
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Dangers of Engineered Dangers of Engineered Wood I-Beam FloorsWood I-Beam Floors
Review
Engineered Wood I-Beams Case Studies of LODD (NIOSH) Pre-incident Identification Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Operational Decision Making
Review
Engineered Wood I-Beams Case Studies of LODD (NIOSH) Pre-incident Identification Hazards & Risks (Risk/Benefit) Operational Decision Making
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