Cytology
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Cytology
CytologyMs. Napolitano & Mrs. HaasCP BiologyTerms for Do Now2/5 & 2/6Plasma MembraneCytoplasmCytosolChromosomesRibosomesNucleoidNucleusNucleolusNuclear MembraneNuclear PoresNucleoplasmMitochondriaSmooth ER
Rough ERVesiclesLysosomesPeroxisomesGolgi ApparatusCytoskeletonMicrotubulesFlagellaCiliaCentriolesCell WallCentral VacuoleChloroplastsWhat Are Cells?Cells: the smallest unit of lifeCollection of living matter enclosed by a barrier
Cytology: The study of cellsRobert Hooke1665 - Viewed cork under a microscope.
Named empty chambers cells because they looked like monks cells.
Cell TheoryAll living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
18381855The study of cells is called
MicrobiologyCytologyHistologyImmunologyThe study of cells is called
MicrobiologyCytology*HistologyImmunologyWhich of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.All cells come from preexisting cellsWhen one cell is born, one cell must die.Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.All cells come from preexisting cellsWhen one cell is born, one cell must die.*Parts of the CellPlasma MembraneHolds the cell together
Surrounds the cell
Controls what goes in and out
Phospholipid bilayer
Cytoplasm & CytosolCytoplasmMaterial in the cell membraneDoes not include the nucleus
CytosolLiquid found inside cellsSeparated into compartments by membranesChromosomesThreadlike structure within the nucleus
Contains genetic information (DNA)
Humans = 23 chromosome pairs
RibosomesWhere proteins are made
May be free in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulumNucleoidContains the genetic material of prokaryotesRecall: prokaryotes do not have nuclei
NucleusStructure that contains the cells genetic material
Controls cell activity
Only found in eukaryotes
NucleolusSmall, dense region within nucleus
Where protein production begins
Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Pores, & NucleoplasmNuclear Membrane: layer that surrounds the nucleusSeparates & protects the nucleus
Nuclear Pores: channels that regulate the transport of molecules across the membrane
Nucleoplasm: fluid inside of the nucleus
MitochondriaConverts chemical energy from food into compounds usable by the cell
AKA the powerhouse of the cell
Makes ATP
Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER: makes proteinsContains ribosomesConnected to the nucleus
Smooth ER: carb/lipid synthesis, detoxificationNo ribosomes
VesiclesSmall bubble
Transport materials within the cellLysosomes & PeroxisomesLysosome: small organelle filled with enzymes to break down certain materials within the cell
Peroxisome: small organelle that contains catalasebreaks down hydrogen peroxide2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2 Golgi ApparatusModify, sort, and package proteins
Vesicles fuse on & pinch off
CytoskeletonNetwork of protein filaments
Maintains cell shape
Helps with cell movementCytoskeleton FilamentsMicrotubules: largestInvolved in cell division
Actin: smallestMakes striations of skeletal muscle tissue
Intermediate Filaments: provide supporthold organelles into placeOrganize cells into tissues
Flagella & CiliaFlagella: whip-like appendages used for propulsion
Cilia: short, hair-like projections that aid in movement
CentriolesStructures that help organize cell division
Not found in plant cells
Cell WallRigid outer layer of the cell that supports the membrane
Found in plants, algae, & some bacteriaCentral VacuoleLarge cavity in plant cells
Stores food, water, or metabolic waste
Maintains turgor pressure
ChloroplastsFound in photosynthetic organisms
Site of photosynthesisCaptures light energy and convert it into chemical energy
Theory of EndosymbiosisEukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic cells
Mitochondria & chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cellsEvidence: 1. They both contain their own DNA 2. They both have ribosomes 3. They divide by mitosis
Which of the following cell partsis NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
MitochondrionRibosomesChromosomesCytosolWhich of the following cell partsis NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
Mitochondrion*RibosomesChromosomesCytosolThe function of the mitochondria is to produce
EnergyFoodWaterSunlightThe function of the mitochondria is to produce
Energy*FoodWaterSunlightWhich of the following organelles packages and ships out proteins?
Smooth ERLysosomesNucleusGolgi apparatusWhich of the following organelles packages and ships out proteins?
Smooth ERLysosomesNucleusGolgi apparatus*Which of the following cell parts is responsible for cell movement?
Plasma membranePeroxisomesCiliaIntermediate FilamentsWhich of the following cell parts is responsible for cell movement?
Plasma membranePeroxisomesCilia*Intermediate FilamentsThe Rough ER has ribosomes bound to its membrane.
TrueFalseThe Rough ER has ribosomes bound to its membrane.
True*FalseThe nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells.
TrueFalseThe nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells.
True*FalseWhich of the following is found in both plant and animal cells?
ChloroplastsCell wallSmooth ERCentral VacuoleWhich of the following is found in both plant and animal cells?
ChloroplastsCell wallSmooth ER*Central VacuoleWhich of the following is found in animal cells, but not plant cells?
NucleusCentrioleGolgi apparatusRough ERWhich of the following is found in animal cells, but not plant cells?
NucleusCentriole*Golgi apparatusRough ER
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