CURSOS DE VERANO UPM TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR Y SOCIEDAD · 1 J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM,2 Julio 2007 1 CURSOS DE VERANO UPM TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 1
CURSOS DE VERANO UPMTECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR Y SOCIEDAD
La Granja – 2-3 Julio, 2007
Mesa redonda:Plataformas Tecnológicas en Energía Nuclear
La Plataforma Europea SNE-TP:Sustainable Nuclear Energy – Tech. Platform
José Mª Aragonés BeltránDepartamento de Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 2
European Technology Platform on Sustainable Nuclear Energy (SNE-TP)
- SNFTP-CA: Coordination Action FP6:start Oct 2006 – 2 years
- SNE-TP Vision Report (June 2007, COM)
- Launch of the Nuclear Fission TP(name: SNE-TP)21st September 2007 in Brusselsat COM with Commissioner(s)
� Large consensus on the process and on the Vision of the Technology Platform
� Broad participation of the « Community of Interest »
� Organising Committee for the Conference:(COM, CEA, UPM, Foratom, etc.)
- Agree on “Roadmaps” (WPs)
- Agree on « Structure » for the TP:Roles and involvement of all actors
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 3
Vision Report on SNE-TP: Background
• Nuclear fission energy can deliver safe, sustainable, practically carbon-free and competitive energy to Europe’s citizens and industries.
• In the frame of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan [1], the European Commission has invited stake-holders to formulate a collective vision of the contributions this energy could make towards Europe’s transition to a low-carbon energy mix by 2050.
• The Vision Report has been prepared within the framework of two Euratom FP-6 Coordination Actions, namely SNF-TP (Sustainable Nuclear Fission Technology Platform) and PATEROS (Partitioning and Transmutation European Roadmap for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy), with contributions from Europe’s Technical Safety Organisations.Contributors: ANSALDO Italy, AREVA France, CEA France, CIEMAT Spain, CNRS
France, EDF France, ENEA Italy, FZD Germany, FZK Germany, KFKI Hungary, JRC, ECJSI Slovenia, NEXIA Solutions UK, NRG The Netherlands, PSI Switzerland, SCK•CEN Belgium, UJV Tcheque Republic, University of Karlsruhe Germany, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain, University of Roma Italy, VATTENFALL Sweden, VTT Finland, AVN Belgium, GRS Germany, IRSN France.
[1] Towards a European Strategic Energy Technology Plan, COM(2006) 847
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 4
Vision Report on SNE-TP: Executive Summary
• The Vision Report prepares the launch of the European Technology Platform on Sustainable Nuclear Energy (SNE-TP).
• It proposes a vision for the near, medium and long term development of nuclear fission energy technologies, with the aim of achieving a sustainable production of nuclear energy, a significant progress in economic performance and the highest level of safety as well as resistance to proliferation.
• In particular, this document proposes roadmaps for the development and deployment of potentially sustainable nuclear technologies, as well as actions to harmonize Europe’s training and education, while renewing its research infrastructures.
• Public acceptance is also an important issue for the development of nuclear energy.
• The proposed roadmaps provide the backbone for a Strategic Research Agenda to maintain Europe’s leadership in the nuclear energy sector.
• By emphasizing the key role of nuclear energy within Europe’s energy mix, this document also contributes to the European Commission’s Strategic Energy Technology Plan, by calling on Europe to mobilise the resources needed to fulfil the vision of sustainable nuclear energy.
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Wor
ld P
rimar
y E
nerg
y S
ourc
es (G
toe)
6
6,5
7
7,5
8
8,5
9
Wor
ld P
opul
atio
n (B
illio
ns)
Other RenewablesBiomass
Nuclear
GasOil
Coal
Population
Source IEA 2003 : Energy to 2050 -Scenarios for a Sustainable Future
Sustainable Development Vision Scenario (IEA 2003)
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 6
A : High growth (Income, energy, technology)
B : Modest growth
C : Ecologically driven growth
Source : IIASA/WEC, 1998
Global Energy Perspectives (WEC- IIASA 1998)
Hypothesis B ⇒ 19.7 Gtoe in 2050
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 7
What should respect a sustainable scenario ?
• Limiting of CO2 emissions
• Energy supply security
• Access to energy for underprivileged populations
An increasing energy demand in the world
by 2050, but also
Nuclear energy could be used even more extensively if:• The 2.5 Gtoe not yet allocated cannot be obtained from fossil fuels• The 5 Gtoe Energy Management (MDE) and 5 Gtoe Renewable Energies (ENR)
cannot be met
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 8
If the world nuclear park is based on “current” technology with an installed capacity which will remain stable until 2020 and then could grow linearly until 2050, the uranium resources consumed and earmarked in 2050 would be :
What nuclear reactors for future ?
1916126Unat consumed and earmarked in
2050 (Mt)
170014001000400Installed capacity in 2050 (GWe)
3.22.51.80.7Nuclear primary energy in 2050
(Gtoe)
The “known” resources of U (15 million tons) will have been earmarked once the installed capacity reaches 1300 GWe⇒ Breeding, or at least iso-generation, reactors will therefore
be needed before this time.
Technological Break
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 9
The Evolution of Nuclear Power
Generation I
Generation II
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
Generation III
First First ReactorsReactors
UNGGCHOOZ
Current Current ReactorsReactors
REP 900 REP 1300
N4 EPR
Advanced Advanced ReactorsReactors
Future Future SystemsSystems
Generation IV
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 10
Future Nuclear Energy Systems Future Nuclear Energy Systems (Source: JRC (Source: JRC –– Brussels Brussels -- 2006)2006)
Save natural resources (U, Th)Reuse (U, Pu) fromexisting reactors
Enhance proliferation resistance
Pu burning,Integration of fuel cycle
Minimize Waste production
Integral recycling of actinides
SAFETY
Operation/AccidentsSevere conditions
ECONOMICS
CompetitivenessInvestment cost
5 fundamental criteriaMissions and additional criteria
• Electricity generation
• Hydrogen production• /HT process heat
• Long-lived radioactive waste burning
• High sustainability
• Symbiosis with existing LWRs
• Flexible adaptation to diverse fuel cycles
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 11
European strategy for nuclear energy ?
Primary energy
Electricity
nuclear16%
coal16%
gas21%
oil41%
renewable6%
EU
nuclear35%
coal31%
gas13%
oil8%
hydro11%
others2%
Nuclear energy currently plays a key role within the European Union
butthe lack of a common nuclear vision through the European Union has lead to a non favourable political environment for its development
However, 3 recent events could change that :Ø The Green Paper, “Towards a European Energy Security Strategy”, published by the EC in November 2000Ø The effective participation of EURATOM in the Gen IV International Forum since September 2003Ø The “International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy” signed in Washington in November 2003
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 12
3 rd Generation Reactors
§ Generation 3 is an important improvement in terms of safety, resource and waste management.à developments in reactor and materials modelling and simulation tools, with experimental validation : common European standards
NURESIM + PERFECT (FP6)à NURESP + PERFORM (FP7)
§ Construction of 400 Gwe in the coming twenty years (half to renew obsolescent power plants, half to cope with the increase of energy demand), European Green Book.Out of 400 GWe, 100 Gwe nuclear is a reasonable assumption i.e around 150 G€ investment.
§ An Euratom participation of 20 M€/year, represents less than 0,3% of the average annual European investment over the 20 years period.
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 13
• Concepts with breakthroughsüMinimization of wastes
ü Preservation of resourcesüNon Proliferation
Ø Assets for new markets :- attractiveness- simplicity, robustness- safety, non proliferation
Ø Assets for new applications :- hydrogen production- direct use of heat- sea water desalination
Ø New requirements for sustainable nuclear energy
GEN IV : paves the way for a sustainable nuclear energy
• Gradual improvements inüCompetitiveness
ü Safety and reliability
Génération IV
International Forum
Members
Génération IV
International Forum
Members
U.S.A.U.S.A.
ArgentinaArgentina
BrazilBrazil
CanadaCanada
FranceFrance
JapanJapan
South AfricaSouth Africa
UnitedUnitedKingdomKingdom
South KoreaSouth Korea
SwitzerlaSwitzerlandnd
E.U.E.U.
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 14
4th Generation Reactors
1 GUSD between 2005 and 2015
à Initial estimation of the global Gen4 RTD program in around 4 G€ between 2005 and 2015.
à Transmutation may be also in ADS system and ADS design and safety studies will continue
à European contribution (Member states + Euratom):400 x ¼ = 100 M€/an
one third Euratom participation : 130 M€/FP.
Example of development cost for VHTR concept, excluding a demonstration reactor :
80 MUSD250 MUSD270 MUSD300 MUSD100 MUSD
High performanceHelium turbine
H2 productionMaterials and components
Fuel and fuel cycle
Design and safety
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 15
European RTD in Energy within the Framework Programmes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FP1 FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6
Framework Programme
Per
cen
tag
e o
f F
P B
ud
get
EuratomFissionEnergy
(Source: World Energy Council)
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 16
Nuclear Power Reinassance
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 17
US-DOE GNEP: Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
A comprehensive strategy to support Civilian Nuclear Power expansion worldwide
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 18
US-DOE GNEP: Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
Initially GNEP envisions three facilities
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 19
European Nuclear Fission Tech. Platform (SNF-TP): Scope
Management of radioactive waste• Geological disposal
• Partitioning & Transmutation
Management of radioactive waste• Geological disposal
• Partitioning & Transmutation Key cross-cutting
activities
• Research infrastructures
• Human resources, mobility & training
Key cross-cutting activities
• Research infrastructures
• Human resources, mobility & training
Radiation protectionRadiation protection
Reactor systems• Nuclear installation safety• Sustainable nuclear systems
Reactor systems• Nuclear installation safety• Sustainable nuclear systems
Management of radioactive waste• Geological disposal
• Partitioning & Transmutation
Management of radioactive waste• Geological disposal
• Partitioning & Transmutation Key cross-cutting
activities
• Research infrastructures
• Human resources, mobility & training
Key cross-cutting activities
• Research infrastructures
• Human resources, mobility & training
Radiation protectionRadiation protection
Reactor systems• Nuclear installation safety• Sustainable nuclear systems
Reactor systems• Nuclear installation safety• Sustainable nuclear systems
SNFSNF--TPTP
SNF-
TP
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 20
SNF-TP CA Project Structure and Management
Project Coordinator (CEA)
Executive Committee
SP2: PlatformDeployment Strategy (EDF)
SP1: Strategic Research Agenda ; Platform Organization & Operation,
including WP1.7 (CEA)
WP1.1: Materials and Fuel Development (PSI)
WP1.4: Training and R&DInfrastructures (CEA)
WP1.2: Simulation Tools for Reactor Design and Safety (U-Ka)
WP1.5: Light Water Reactors(VTT)
WP1.3: System Integration:Fast and Thermal Reactors, Fuel
Cycles with P&T, Waste Processes (SCK*CEN /NEXIA/U-Roma)
WP1.6: High Temperature Reactors and Processes (AREVA)
EuropeanCommission
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 21
European SNE-TP – Strategic Research Agenda
Interactions of SNE-TP
with other Technological Platforms or international
initiatives
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 22
SNF-TP Roadmaps: Fast Reactors and Simulation
Phase 0 NURESIM PERFECT
Phase1
NURESIM-2PERFECT -2
R&D physics & numerics
ExperimentalValidation
Including Sensitivities and Uncertainties
Phase 2
Software Architecture Multi-scales development & multi-physics
coupling
R&D: physics & numerics
Validation & Qualification
Phase 3
FurtherDevelopments
Consolidation
Validation & Qualification
New generation of simulation tools;
Multi -scales;Multi -Physics;
Validation;Qualification
Standardization
Roadmap for Development, Validation and Qualification of Simulations Tools
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20152014 2015……
Confirmation of design features Pre-selection of design features
Assessment of innovations
Preliminary and detailed designs, Safety analysis reports, Validation R&D, Construction
Technological R&D on pre-selected design features
2007 2009 2012 2015 2020
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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 23
NURESIM: European Nuclear Reactor Simulation Platform
SALOME platform
GEOM MESH DATASUPERV VISU
codescriptData base
NURESIM Core Physics
( …)
code
scriptData base
NURESIM Thermal-Hydraulics
( …)
Couplingco
descriptData base
NURESIM Multi-Physics
( …)
Data model
code
script
NURESIM Sensitivity & Uncertainty
( …)
methods
Core Core PhysicsPhysics
ThermalThermal--HydraulicsHydraulics
MultiMulti--PhysicsPhysics
S & US & U
IntegrationIntegration
J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 24
NEPTUNE CoreComponent (FLICA-4)
APOLLO2NURESIM
ANDES
TRIPOLI4
CORE PHYSICS
PLATFORM
Monte Carlo reference
calculationroute
Core calculation
Deterministic validated calculation
route
SP1
SP3SP5
SP3
DESCARTESCORE V2
CRONOS2
APOLLO2NURESIM
COBAYA3 DYN3D
Lattice calculation
SAPHYB
View of the NURESIM Core Physics Platform
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