Current regulations in the Polar regions
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AECO
Assiociation of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators
Frigg Jørgensen,
General secretary
ILJA LANG
AECO General Presentation 2012
― Responsible, environmentally-friendly and safe tourism
― 27 members, 19 of which operate…
― App 25 expedition cruise vessels in the Arctic (8 - 318 passengers)
Association for Arctic Expedition
cruise operators (AECO)
THE ARCTIC
AECO uses the same
definition as the IMO
(International Maritime
Organization) do in the
Polarcode, i.e.:
60 degree north
with exceptions
AECO’s core areas are Svalbard, Jan Mayen and Greenland
but the association aims at expanding to all Arctic areas.
AECO General Presentation 2012
― All AECO members have an obligation to
operate in accordance with local, national and
international laws and regulations,
comply with AECO guidelines and by-laws and other
requirements
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO membership requirements
OPERATIONAL
GUIDELINES
VISITORS
GUIDELINES
AECO’S SITE
GUIDELINES
AECO’s comprehensive
operational guidelines for
operators in the Arctic.
AECO’s guidelines for
visitors to the Arctic in
different languages.
Site specific guidelines for
visitors to different sites in
the Arctic.
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO’s guidelines
Norwegian ship safety Act
Norwegian Harbor and fairway Act
Port state control in Svalbard
Regulation regarding duty to report position
in Svalbard
Regulation relating the use of
Bellsund – vanMijen waters
Duty to notify ship accidents and incidents
NOx tax Norway
Jan Mayen nature reserves
Protected areas regulations in Svalbard
Heavy fuel oil prohibition
Closure of historical sites
Eastern Svalbard issue
Pilot Act Svalbard
Duty to carry observer in Greenland
Management plan for Greenland
national park
Executive Order on tourism in Greenland
Pairing of vessels in Greenland
Risk assessment Eastern Svalbard
Polar Code
Hearing & regulation processes
AECO General Presentation 2012
PROJECTS Project Project-costs
2007 Guidelines for visitors 72 000
2007 Guide-conference 280 000
2009 Pre-study cruise guide training 50 000
2009 Site guidelines I 750 000
2010 Study: Environmental impact from cruise 460 000
2010 Pre-study cruise database 60 000
2012 Site guidelines II 900 000
2012 Cruise database 900 000
2012 Decontamination , measures to prevent introduction of alien species in the Arctic environment
150 000
Under consideration
Expedition leader conference – Greenland
Web-based cruise guide education
Vessel Tracking System
AECO General Presentation 2012 EXPEDITION VESSELS & CAPACITY
Vessels 200 + pax
Vessel Pax
Fram 318
Le Borealis 262
AECO General Presentation 2012 EXPEDITION VESSELS & CAPACITY
Vessels 100 – 200 pax Vessel Pax
Hanseatic 184
Nordstjernen 170
Bremen 164
National Geographic Explorer 148
Silver Explorer 132
Expedition 124
Clipper Adventure 122
Kapitan Khlebnikov 120
Caledonian Sky 120
Akademik Ioffe 117
Plancius 114
Akademik Sergey Vavilov 110
Ortelius 100
AECO General Presentation 2012 EXPEDITION VESSELS & CAPACITY
Vessels 50 – 100 pax
Vessel Pax
Sea Spirit 84
Ocean Nova 73
Polar Pioneer 54
Quest 53
AECO General Presentation 2012 EXPEDITION VESSELS & CAPACITY
Vessels 20 – 50 pax
Vessel Pax
Spirit of Enderby 48
Rembrandt van Rijn 34
Antigua 32
Noorderlicht 20
AECO General Presentation 2012 EXPEDITION VESSELS & CAPACITY
Vessels ≥ 20 pax
Vessel Pax
Stockholm 12
Polaris 12
Southern Star 10
Albarquel 8
Hanse Explorer 8
AECO General Presentation 2012 AECO Passenger numbers
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Svalbard
Greenland
Jan Mayen
Total pax
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO and expedition cruise traffic
- not the only cruise traffic in the Arctic
• Conventional cruise traffic
– App 50 calls
– 30 000 pax Svalbard
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Svalbard 34.760 34.908 40.256 38.737 38.269 35.448 33.896
Greenland 16.446 22.051 23.506 28.891 26.976 30.271 29.826
Numbers include all commercial cruise traffic Sources: Governor of Svalbard, Greenland Tourism and Statistics Greenland.
AECO General Presentation 2012
Total number of cruise passengers Svalbard & Greenland 2005 – 2011
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO General Presentation 2012
NAUTICAL
CHARTS
Of utmost importance
for safe operations
Poorly chartered waters – not the only safety risk in Polar waters
AECO General Presentation 2012
AECO General Presentation 2012
Unknown submarine topography (lack of adequate charts)
Inadequate ship design/Ship limitations
Inexperienced crew
Presence of glacial ice (icebergs, growlers, bergy bits)
Presence and variability of sea ice
Instability of ice features (glaciers, ice floes, icebergs)
Sudden, violent, typically localized, extreme and rather unpredictable changes in the weather.
Inadequate navigational and communications equipment
Not readily available SAR assets (spatially and/or temporally)
Deficiencies in SAR coordination, coverage & assets
Inadequacy of lifesaving appliances in Polar conditions (given climatic extremes and likely delayed
SAR response)
Icing (rough seas and cold air temperature)
Crew and expedition staff fatigue
Biological fouling (kelp)
Lack of known safe anchorages, (safer not to anchor, box-navigation)
Cold air and water temperatures
Limited SAR resources
Poorly maintained vessels
Passengers with medical pre-conditions
Large seas (wind driven) and swells
Instability in the compass in very high Latitudes
Absence of navigational aids (such as lights and buoys)
Reduced visibility (whiteout)
Local currents and tidal stream
Safety risks in Polar waters
AECO General Presentation 2012
Voyage risk assessment
A dynamic risk assessment based on score system
RISK CATEGORY RISK SCORE DESCRIPTION
LOW RISK 0-1000
No additional mitigation measures necessary more than
normal. Ship should follow standing orders and routine
procedures from the SMS.
MEDIUM RISK 1000-2000 Additional measures should be considered in order to lower
the risk score as much as possible.
HIGH RISK >2000
Unacceptable risk. The ship should avoid the area or
activity or depart the area if the score should increase
from Medium to High after arrival.
AECO General Presentation 2012
Navigation in poorly chartered waters
Use chartered corridors only
Use soundings from previous voyages
Enlarging corridors step by step
Handheld depth sounders – zodiac in front of mother
vessels
Forward looking sonar
Use of crowd sourcing, e.g Olex
Systematic soundings through years
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