Cryogenic engine design

CRYOGENIC ENGINEthe coolest hot engine

by

VOLETI AJAY KUMAR

THOTA VISWA CHAITANYA

CONTEXT

What is cryogenic engine

Law of action-reaction

Components of cryogenic engine

Design of cryogenic engine

Engine start and cut-off

Advantages & disadvantages cryogenic engine

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION & HISTORY

Cryogenics is the study of production of verylow temperature nearly about ‘123K’ in whichthe material’s behavior and properties arestudied.

In 1963, United States of America was the firstcountry to develop the CRE.

In 1987, first CRE was launched with humanin space.

Law of action-reaction

Main Components

Turbo pump

Gas turbine

Combustion chamber

Nozzle

Turbo pump

Gas turbine

It is also called combustion turbine.

Its main purpose is to supply powerto the compressor and turbo pump.

Combustion chamber

Combustion chamber is the placewhere the combustion ofpropellants will takes place.

The dimensions of the cylinder aresuch that the propellant is able tocombust thoroughly.

Nozzle

CROGENIC ENGINETHE COOLEST HOT ENGINE

Engine design

To introduce propellant into thecombustion chamber, two principledesigns of LRE is used :

Pressure-fed design

Pump-fed design

Pressure-fed design

In a pressure fed design, thepropellants are forced to thecombustion chamber by a pressuregas which pressurises the tank.

Pump fed design

In pressure fed design, thepropellant is forced to thecombustion chamber with the helpof a pump.

STAGED CYCLE:

Full Flow Staged Cycle Expander cycle

Working of engine

TO START A LRE:

The following operations should beperformed:

a. Pressurizing the tank or vaporisingpropellants

b. Starting of turbine ( if turbo pump isapplied)

c. Opening of main vents

d. Combustion ( with the pyrotechnicinitiator )

ENGINE CUT-OFF :

Large engines can not be cut off only byclosing the main propellant valve.

It can be achieved by

Redirecting it into a low pressure linefollowed by closing the propellant valve.

The pressure feed engines can be cut off bypropellant depletion.

If the engine is pump feed, first thepropellant flow to the gas generator islowered.

Advantages

Eco-friendly

Non-toxic

Non-corrosive

Safer to handle & store

High specific impulse

Disadvantages

Low temperature propellants – Complex to store

Need for ignition system

Highly relative gases

Leakage

ENGINE DESCRIPTION VIDEO

GSLV-D5 stages

Conclusion

All the present programs are related to theCryogenic upper stages of launching vehicles.

It is more efficient over conventional engines.

Any queries ???

THANK YOU