Transcript
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
1/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "
!#CI#$#G% Richard T. Schaefer
Deviance and
Social Control
&
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
2/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 2
8. Deviance and Social
Control• Social Control
• Deviance
• Crime
• Social Policy and Social Control
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
3/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie '
– Con(ormit)* going along with peerswho have no special right to direct
behavior– #+eience* compliance with higherathorities in an hierarchical strctre
Social Control
• Techni!es and strategies areemployed for preventing deviant
hman behavior in any society
Sanctions: Penalties and rewards for conduct
concerning a social norm
• Conformity and "bedience
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
4/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie
Social Control
• Research demonstrates that people mayconform to attitdes and behavior of peerseven when it means e#pressing intolerancetowards others
• $ilgram pointed ot that in the modernindstrial world% we are accstomed tosbmitting to impersonal athority &gres%whose stats is indicated by a title or niform
• Conformity and "bedience
– Conformity to Pre'dice
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
5/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie
Social Control
– In(ormal !ocial Control* sed
casally to enforce norms– ormal !ocial Control* carried ot
by athori(ed agents
• )nformal and *ormal Social Control
Under conducive circumstances, otherwise normal
people can and often do treat one another inhumanely
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
6/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie /
Social Control
– Some norms are so important to a
society that they are formali(ed intolaws
•$aw* governmental social control
•Control Theor)+ or connection to
members of society leads s tosystematically conform to society,s norms
• -aw and Society
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
7/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 7
Deviance
– eviance* behavior that violates the
standards of condct or e#pectationsof a grop or society
• )nvolves violation of grop norms% whichmay or may not be formali(ed into law
• Sb'ect to social de&nition within aparticlar society and at a particlar time
• hat is Deviance/
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
8/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie &
Deviance
*igre 801. The Stats of $edical $ari'ana
Sorce+ Developed by athor based on data from $ari'ana Policy Pro'ect 2334%2335
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
9/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 1
Deviance
•!tigma* labels society ses to devalemembers of certain social grops
– Deviance and Technology
• Technological innovations can rede&nesocial interactions and standards ofbehavior related to them
• hat is Deviance/
– Deviance and Social Stigma
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
10/27
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
11/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie ""
Deviance
• #plaining Deviance
– *nctionalist Perspective
• $erton,s Theory of Deviance
Anomie Theory of Deviance: how people
adapt in certain ways by conforming to or by
deviating from cultural expectations,including conformity, innovation, ritualism,
retreatism, and rebellion
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
12/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "2
Deviance
Table 801. $odes of )ndividal 9daptation
Sorce+ 9dapted from $erton 1:;8+1:4
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
13/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "'
Deviance
• Cltral Transmission Theory– Cltral Transmission* hmans learn how
to behave in social sitations% whetherproperly or improperly
– i3erential Association* the processthrogh which e#posre to attitdes favorableto criminal acts leads to the violation of rles
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
14/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "
– Criminal victimi(ation increases whenmotivated o7enders and sitable targetsconverge
• -abeling Theory>Societal0Reaction9pproach
– Some individals or grops have the power tode&ne and apply labels
Deviance
• #plaining Deviance
– )nteractionist Perspective
• Rotine 9ctivities Theory
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
15/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "
• 9gents of social control and otherpowerfl grops can impose their ownself0serving de&nitions of deviance on thegeneral pblic
– *eminist Perspective• Society tends to treat women in
stereotypical fashion
• mphasi(es deviance% inclding crime%
tends to ?ow from economic relationships
Deviance
• #plaining Deviance– Con?ict Theory
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
16/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "/
Deviance
Table 802. 9pproaches to Deviance
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
17/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "7
Crime
– -aws divide crimes into categoriesbased on+
• Severity of o7ense• 9ge of o7ender
• Potential pnishment
• @risdiction
• Types of Crime
Crime: violation of criminal law, for which some
governmental authority applies formal penalties
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
18/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "&
Crime
– 4ictimless Crimes+ willing e#change
among adlts of widely desired% btillegal% goods and services– Professional Crime
•5ro(essional criminal* person whoprses crime as a day0to0day occpation
– #rgani6e Crime+ grop thatreglates relations between varioscriminal enterprises involved in illegalactivities
• Types of Crime
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
19/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie "1
Computer Crime: use of high technology to carry
out illegal activityComputer Crime: use of high technology to carry
out illegal activityCorporate Crime: any act by a corporation that is
punishable by the government
Crime
• Types of Crime– hite Collar and Technology0Aased
Crime
– Transnational Crime
• Crime that occrs across mltiple nationalborders
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
20/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 20
Crime
– Bot as accrate as social scientists
wold li6e– nderstanding Crime Statistics
• Reported crime is very high in the .S.
• Pblic regards crime as ma'or social
problem
• Crime Statistics
Victimization Surveys: surveys of ordinary people,
not police officers, to determine whether they have
been victims of crime
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
21/27
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
22/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 22
Crime
Table 80E. Types of
Transnational Crime
Sorce+ Compiled by athor based on $eller 2331 and nited Bations "Fce on Drgs andCrime 2335
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
23/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 2'
Crime
*igre 802. ictimi(ation Rates% 1:GEH233E
Sorce+ Catalano 2334+1
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
24/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 2
Social Policy and Social
Control
• "ver the past 13 years% two0thirds of allmrders committed with &rearms
• 1::4 Arady 9ct mandates &rearmsdealers rn criminal history bac6grond
chec6s on people who wish to prchasehandgns
– 9bot two percent of all prchases denied
• In Control
– The )sse
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
25/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 2
Social Policy and Social
Control
• The Second 9mendment to theConstittion garantees the Jright of thepeople to 6eep and bear armsK
• E3 to E5 million people in the nited
States own handgns• 9bot 45 percent of .S. hoseholds have
some type of &rearm on the premises.
• In Control
– The Setting
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
26/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 2/
Social Policy and Social
Control
• Since Arady 9ct% spport for strictermeasres declined
• Con?ict theorists contend thatgrops li6e Bational Ri?e 9ssociation
8/18/2019 Crime & Deviance (1)
27/27
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve.
!lie 27
Social Policy and Social
Control
• 9dvocates for stricter gn control want+– Total ban on assalt weapons
– Tight restrictions on permits to carryconcealed weapons
– )ncreased penalties for leaving &rearms wherethey are easily accessible
• In Control
– Policy )mplications
Unlawful use of guns is a global issue
top related