Computer Fundamentals

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

ORIENTATION WITH COMPUTERS AND INTERNET

LAB # 1

Some basic definitions• Hardware:The physical components of a computer system that we can touch are known as

hardware.Examples: Keyboard, mouse, monitor etc

• Software:The components of a computer system that we cannot touch are known as

software.Examples: Windows, Ms office, Media player Types :-• Application SoftwareExamples are window media player, Ms office, VLC etc..• System SoftwareWindows are the main examples of system software as Xp, Vista, Win 7, Win 8 etc

Connectivity and communication

• Connectivity:-Connectivity is hardware based, without media

it is not possibleExamples of media are:- Cables, Wires, RF

• Communication:-Communication is software based and without

addresses are not possible

Address:

• Serve as a unique identifier for a computer.• Addresses types:-Two types of address1) Physical address2) Logical address

Physical Address

• Also known as MAC address(Media Access Control)

• It is unique and cannot be changed• 12 digits Hexadecimal• 48 bit length

How you can check physical address for your computer?

• 1st way• Run cmd ipconfig/all Enter

The screen will look like

2nd Way

Logical address

• Logical address is an IP address • Ipv4 is 32 bit addressFor example:• 192 . 168 . 13 . 10

8bit 8bit 8bit 8bit• Total 4 octets• One octet = 28 = 256 0 255

DNS server

• The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.

• For example, the domain name www.example.com translates to the addresses 192.0.43.10 (IPv4)http://www.apcoms.edu.pk

How to connect with server?

• Start menu• Run..• Type this address• \\192.168.13.1 or 13.2

Connect with internet?

• Open Mozilla Firefox• Click on Tool• Option• Advanced• Network• Settings select manual proxy configuration• 192.168.13.7

Computer Commands (Run Commands)

• Gpedit.msc• Administrative Templates1. Control Panela) Display settingsb) Personalizationc) Printers2. Desktop3. Networkd) Network connectionse) Start Menu and Taskbar4. Systemf) Prevent access to Command Promptg) Prevent access to Registry Editing Toolsh) Alt+Ctrl+Del Optioni) Driver Installation

Computer Commands (Run Commands)

• Msconfiga) Generalb) Bootc) Servicesd) Startupe) Tools

Alt-Ctrl-Del Option

a) Lock This Computerb) Switch Userc) Log offd) Change Passworde) Start Task Manager

Manage Computer

• Users• Groups

How to Create new Users ?

• Right click on Users option• Select new user• A window appear• From here you can create new user • You can apply some settings with select the

checkboxes

Group Management

• Double click on groups• There are many options if you select first option(that

is Administrator)• Double click on Administrator• Add new user that you already created in this group

(This mean you are adding this new user in administrator group then automatically this new user will have all rights of administrator).

Disk Management

• Apply rights on Disks:a) Select any Diskb) Right click on Diskc) Propertiesd) Select Securitye) Click on Editf) From here add that new userg) Select this user and select check boxes for

permissions

Services and Applications