Transcript
components of language
phonology
phonology
The aspect of language concerned with the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.
phonology
It is the study on how speech sounds are used to convey meanin
phonology
It is the science or study of the sound patterns of human language.
Phonology looks at many different things:
Why do related forms differ?
Phonology finds the systematic ways in which the forms differ and explains them.
Phonology looks at many different things:
What is stored in the mind?
Phonology studies abstract mental entities, such as structures and processes. This contrasts with phonetics, which deals with the actual production and acoustics of the sounds of language.
Phonology looks at many different things:
What sounds go together?
Looks at what sounds/sound combinations are accepted and why.
Phonology looks at many different things:
How are sounds organized into syllables?
With the use of phonological trees syllables are broken up more easily.
Phonology looks at many different things:
What are the differences between languages?
For example, different languages can use different phonemes, or different syllable structures (what sounds can go together to make sequences or words) and phonology identifies these differences.
phonemes
Phonemes are the meaningfully different sound units in a certain language (the smallest units of sound). For example, 'pat' and 'bat' differ in their first phoneme.
segmental phonemes
Segmental phonemes refer to what is said
segmental phonemes
A vowel sound is a speech sound that is produced through an open throat and mouth passage without any hindrance or obstruction.
segmental phonemes
A consonant sound is one that is pronounced with a certain degree of obstruction and restriction at the lips, inside the mouth, and in the throat.
supra-segmental phonemes
Supra-segmental phonemes refers to how you say what you say. It involves phenomena such as intonation, stress, and pitch.
morphology
morphology
morphology
morphology
Morphology is the study of words, their internal structure, and partially their meanings.
morphology
It is interested in how users of a given language understand complex words and invent new lexical items.
It is the smallest unit of linguistic for and meaning.
Two Kinds of Morphemes
FREE MORPHEMES
BOUND MORPHEMES
Two Kinds of Morphemes
FREE MORPHEMEScan occur alone
Two Kinds of Morphemes
FREE MORPHEMES
BOUND MORPHEMES
Two Kinds of Morphemes
BOUND MORPHEMES
must occur with another morpheme
Two Categories of Morphemes
Lexical, Content, or Open-class Morphemes
Functional, Grammatical, or Closed-class Morphemes
Two Categories of Morphemes
Lexical, Content, or Open-class Morphemes
words that have some meaning.
Two Categories of Morphemes
Functional, Grammatical, or Closed-class Morphemes
words such as articles, prepositions, pronouns, and conjunctions.
Stems and Affixes
Stems
Irreducible core of the word, which contains the word’s principal meaning.
Stems and Affixes
Affixes
Prefixes
Inflectional MorphemesVary or “inflect” the
form of words in order to express the grammatical features that a given language chooses.
Derivational MorphemesMake new words rom
old ones.
semanticssemanticssemantics
semanticsIt is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between signifiers, like words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for; their denotation.
conceptual/denotative meaning
It refers to expressions or words associated with or related to (connotation) the basic meaning.
associative/connotative meaning
It refers to those basic, essential components of meaning which are conveyed by the literal use of words.
Syntax is the pattern of words to show the relationship of meaning within.
Syntax the grammar, structure, or order of the elements (sentence pattern) in a language statement.
Sentence Patterns
normal word order
reversed word order
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