Complex Molecules (Macromolecules) 2012. What is an atom? smallestParticle of an element building blocksof all matter.

Complex Molecules(Macromolecules)

2012

What is an atom?

• smallest Particle of an element

• building blocks of all matter

What are some examples of elements?

• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorus

Particles of an Atom

• Particle Charge

• Proton positive

• Electron negative

• Neutron none

What is a molecule?

• A substance that is composed of 2 or more same or different elements

• Example:– Oxygen (O2)– Water (H2O)

Charged atoms that

attract

Sharing Electrons

electrons

Covalent

Gains/Loses Electrons

Bonds ReviewIonic

No Charge

Make molecules/compounds

Ex: water (H2O)

Ex: Table Salt(NaCl)

Weaker Strong

What is a chemical reaction in life?

• Chemical reactions inside the cell and occur within an organism are called -__metabolism__

Compounds Essential to All Living Organisms

Inorganic – Organic -

Composed of non living things

Composed of living things

Inorganic Compound

Water is an essential inorganic compound Properties of Water

1.

2.

3.

4.

Water is polar

Water has capillary action

Water resists temperature change

Water expands when it freezes

Organic: BiomoleculesA. Cells build with small moleculesB. living thingsC. contain carbon

Examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Categories of compounds

 Types of Organic Compounds

1. Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates: ROLE: chemical compounds that are used

to storeor consume energyBuilding Blocks: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

atoms, in a 1:2:1 molar ration*-MONOSACCHARIDE- building

blocks

1. Carbohydrate

• Examples**Includes • Pasta• Bread• Grains

Monosaccharidesmeaning "one",

and saccharide, meaning "sugar".

Suffix -ose (glucose, fructose, lactose)

• Glucose C6H12O6

single/simple sugars• Galactose, a sugar

in milk (and yogurt), • Fructose, a sugar

found in honey.

1. Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates

Glucose• Simple sugar• Know the Structure • C6H12O6

Draw this

Other Sugars

• Galactose, a sugar in milk (and yogurt),

• Fructose, a sugar found in honey.

• Sucrose found in table sugar and is made up of glucose and fructose.

• Lactose from milk and is made up of glucose and galactose.

• Starches – store energy

ROLES 1.  2. 3.

Also known as Triglycerides.Includes Fats, Oils and Waxes

Cell to cell communication

Cell membrane is composed of lipids

Storage molecule for energy

2. Lipids

• Examples:• Butter• Animal fats• Oils

Lipids

Types of Fats

Saturated –

Unsaturated –

 What is cholesterol?

• Hard at room temperature• Not essential to your health, can raise

your cholesterol “the bad fats”• Found in meats, eggs and cheese• Liquid at room temperature• Can lower your cholesterol “the good fats”• Found in olive oil, nuts, and some fish

. Fat molecule, elevated levels can cause a lining to form on the interior of arteries not allowing blood to move through effectively which can lead to heart disease and stroke

2. Lipids

2. Lipids• Building Blocks: Carbon, hydrogen

and oxygenFATTY ACID-

building blocks • Insoluble in water• long term

energy storage• act as insulation• Solid at room

temperature

1. Oils—Liquid at room temperature 2. Waxes-repel water -prevent drying out

found in plants---called a cuticle - Found in animals—ear wax cecum

3. Phospholipids--form cell membranes -control substances that enter and leave

cell 4. Steroids serve as structural and control-components of cell membranes

Examples of Lipids

• Attached to fatty acids– To make triglycerides

• Know the structure

Draw this

Glycerol2. Lipids

• Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells

• Functions:– Structure of tissues/organs– Carry out metabolism– Muscle contraction help– Transport oxygen– Carry out chemical reactions

3. Proteins

• Examples:• Eggs• Poultry• Beef• Fish• Beans

Protein

1.   Protein: complex molecules composed of amino acids

2. Building Blocks: Amino Acid3. Suffix—“ine” -only 20 amino acids to

make proteins

Making of a Protein

• Found on Amino acids• Know the structure

Draw this

Carboxyl Group

Nucleic Acids-Polymers of Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and phosphorus.

• large, complex molecules that contain hereditary, genetic information– -DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid

-controls cell activity– -RNA-ribonucleic acid

-makes protein

4. Nucleic acid

• Nucleotides are theBuilding blocks of nucleicacids• Example• Structure of DNA

Nucleic Acid