Compa Exoskeleton
Post on 30-Dec-2015
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum: Urochordata / Tunicata
Pandocia sp. (Sea Squirts)
Filter feeders Outer covering: Tunic / Test Has (1) incurrent (larval mouth) and (2)
excurrent (atriopore) siphon
Subphylum: Cephalochordata / Acrania
Branchiostoma lanceolatus (Lancelet)
(1) Gill Slits (2) Mouth (w tentacles or cirri) (3) Notochord (4) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Filter feeders
Muscle segments : Myotomes/ Myomeres (60)
At ventral portion: Pleural folds / Laterla fins
Parts p. 26 Hyman, p.35 kent Look for oral hood w membranous
velum, vestibule (chamber for seawater)
1
12
3
Subphylum: Vertebrata / Craniata
Class: Agnatha
Suborder: Petromyzontia
Petromyzon marinus (Marine Lamprey)
“Buccal funnel” (attachment) with lip tentacles
Parasitic Dorsal surface: “Nasohypophyseal
opening” Eyes w/out eyelids; Naked skin (slime
glands) 7 gill slits (water conduction) JAWLESS and NO PAIRED FINS Myotomes separated by myosepta Anandromous – live in the sea but
migrate upstream to lay eggs. Adults : Marine; Young: Freshwater
Class: Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
Cartilaginous skeleton Exposed gill slits & SPIRACLE Placoid scales Ventral mouth w/ claspers! Macrolecithal egg Oviparous Has spiracles
General Anatomy:
Fusiform bodies Pointed part of head: Rostrum W upper and lower jaws (mouth) May have Endolymphatic ducts Heterocercal tails Pectoral fins – hydrofoil Cranium w/out sutures No Swim bladders Fins stiffened by ceratotrichia
Scoliodon palasorrah (dogfish)
Has a lateral line extending on sides of body
Cloacal aperture/ anus – between pelvic fins; Urogenital papilla in between
Dasyatis kuhli (skate)
May have Nasofrontal process Projecting spine w/ anus and claspers
Sphyrna sp. (Hammerhead shark)
Rhinobatis sp. (Guitar shark)
Remora sp. (Shark sucker fish)
Class: Osteichthyes (Bony fishes)
Gill slits are covered by a bony operculum
w/ swim bladder & cloaca Fins stiffened by lepidotrichia GANOID FISHES
Order: Chondrostei
Cartilaginous endoskeleton Heterocercal fins Bottom feeders Egg is called Roe Ganoid scales! w/ spiracle
Acipenseri sturio (Sturgeon)
4 branched ventral projections: Barbels (detection of food)
Polyodon sp. (Paddlefish/Spoonbill)
Operculum lacks bones W/ teeth
Order: Holostei
Lepidosteus sp. (Garpike)
No spiracle Ganoid scale Freshwater Operculum Heterocercal tail
Order: Teleostei
Ossified skeletons w/ Operculum! Cycloid or ctenoid scales w/ swim bladders no spiracles Homocercal/Protocercal/Diphycercal
Oreochromis sp. (Perch/Tilapia)
Chanos chanos (milkfish)
Clarias batrachus (catfish)
Ophiocephalus sp. (mudfish)
Microboglossus sp. (Solefish)
Hippocampus sp. (Seahorse)
Remora sp. (shark sucker fish)
Diodon sp. (Puffer fish)
Class: Amphibia
Have cloaca
Order: Anura
Cold-blooded w/ lungs
Rana erythrea (Frog)
Bufo marinus (Marine toad)
Mostly terrestrial Specialization of hind limbs for jumping Webbed feet Presence of Eardrums
Order: Urodela
Necturus macolosus (Salamander/ Mudpuppy)
No scales; slimy skin Have external nares 3 External gills (respiration) w/ gill slits Gular fold – found across throat
Class: Reptilia
Dry, scaly skin No gills EVER
Order: Chelonia
Jaws lack teeth but are clothed w HARD HORNY BEAKS
Have nictitating membrane Have circular eardrum Shell consists of Carapace, ventral flat
Plastron, and lateral bridges connecting the former 2.
Cuora amboinensis (pond turtle)
Gopherus sp. (desert)
Chelonia (sea water turtle)
Order: Squamata (Lizards)
Tetrapod in form Body is clothed w horny scales, plates,
or tubercles Have nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid) Pineal eye (small spot) Some have femoral pores at thighs(?) Teeth are in sockets
Varanus sp. (Monitor lizard/ bayawak)
Hemidactylus sp. (House lizard)
Gecko gecko (tree lizard)
Suborder Ophidia
Have pits – temperature detectors Molt!!
Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (pit viper)
Python reticulatus (Reticulated python)
Order: Crocodilia
Semi-aquatic
Crocodilus sp. (Crocodile)
Alligator sp. (Alligator)
Horny thickenings underlain by bony plates
Class: Aves
Presence of wings Warm blooded (duh) Tail: Uropygium Contour feathers – cover the whole
body; 2 types: (1) Flight feathers – large feathers of wings and tail(2) Coverts – cover bases of wings and tail
Hair feathers / Filoplumes – where feathers are removed
Feather follicles – where filoplumes were removed
RAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWWWRRRR!!
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