Transcript
In Simple words
’communication means exchanging information among individuals working in any oraganisation.’
Newman and Summer hold that ,’communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.
CommunicationCommunication
Interchange of information Continuous process Mutual Understanding Response or Reaction Universal Function Social activities
To inform To teach To deliver news, Whether it is good or
bad. To understand To Explain To transact To organize To control To direct
Mechanical BarrierPhysical barrierPsychological barriersSemantic and language barrierStatus barrier
Barriers in communicationBarriers in communication
Good listening Practicing in simplifying & clarifying
one’s massage. Obtain feedback.analyse it and respond. Repetition Ambience Actions speak louder than words. Cross-cultural get-togethers.
Speed in solving problems Improved stakeholder response Clearer promotional material Better decision making Rise in productivity Smoother working
Merits: Saving of time and money Immediate Feedback Save paperwork Build a healthy climate Best tool during Emergency
Greater chances of misunderstanding Bad speaker Ineffective for lengthy communication Lower retention rate No legal validity Difficult to fit responsibility
Merits: Precise and accurate Easily verified Permanent record Suitable for lengthy message Responsibility can be easily fixed. Has legal validity
Slower method of communication Future delay if clarification required Leads to too much paper work Always a possibility of ambiguity Costly in terms of money and man
hours No flexibility Literacy essential
Non verbal communication:
Visual : (Can be seen) : Ex: signs, colors etc
Auditory : (can be heard) : Ex: bells, Horns etc.
Types of Body Language : (kinesics)
Facial Expression Gestures Postures Tone & Pitch of voice Clothes Proximity Eye contact
Method: Oral or Written Example: CEO issuing instruction to depts. Objectives: To give specific direction about the job. To explain procedures To apprise subordinates of their
performance. Explain the significance of job.
This channel of communication pushes information upward.
Methods: Periodical meetings Written presentation Informal gathering Suggestion schemes
Feedback Outlet for held up emotions Positive suggestion Harmony Limitations: Psychological in nature Employees are hesitant to wake up to
manager. Managers may not accept unpleasant things. Subordinate may become too bold & direct to
top authority.
Lateral or Horizontal Communication
Communication takes place between departments or people on the same level in an organization.
For ex: face to face discussion, telephonic talks, Periodic meetings, etc.
Objectives: To create friendly environment in an organization. To cut across departmental barriers. To ensure quick feedback. Limitations: May give birth to gossip. Effective only if there is proper coordination. Good ideas may get suppressed.
Diagonal or crosswise communication
Diagonal or crosswise communication flows across different levels of an organization among people who may not have direct reporting relationships.
For ex: General notices, informal meetings, formal conferences, lunch hour meetings etc.
Objectives:
To help in proper coordination Communicate effectively Boost the moral of lower level staff through interaction across all
level in the organization. To improve mutual understanding. Limitations: Superior may feel bad when their subordinate are given
importance. Superior may resist the suggestions just because they have come
from subordinates. It can lead to a network that is extremely complex.
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: It’s a means of communication normally
controlled by people in positions of authority in an organization.
Ex: All reports, records, and other forms that supply working information to the various parts of an organization are included in formal channel of communication.
Advantages: Effective, Better monitoring, Good atmosphere, Prevent bogging.
Disadvantages: Deter free flow of information,Time consuming, Affects Decision making.
Advantages: Speed, Feedback, Parallel function, Support system
Disadvantages: Less Credible,seletive information, Leakage, Creates troubles.
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