Communication

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

The transference and understanding of meaning

An idea, no matter how great, is useless until it is transmitted and understood by others

Research indicates that the poor communication is probably the most frequently cited source of interpersonal conflict.

DIRECTION OF DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONCommunication can flow vertically or laterally

The vertical dimension can be further divided into downward and upward directions

UPWARD UPWARD COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

• Upward communication flows to a higher level in the group or organization

• It is used to provide feedback to higher – ups, inform them of progress towards goals and relay current problems

• Keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, coworkers, and the organization in general

• Managers also rely on upward communication for ideas on how things can be improved.

Examples of upward Examples of upward communicationcommunicationPerformance ReportSuggestion BoxesEmployee attitude surveys

Grievance procedures Superior – subordinates discussions

DOWNWARD DOWNWARD COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Communication that flows from one level of a group or organization to a lower level.

Used by group leaders and managers to assign their goals, provide job instructions, inform underlings of procedures and policies, point out problems, performances that need attention and offer feedback about

LATERAL LATERAL COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONWhen communication takes place

among members of the same work group, among members of work groups at the same level, among managers at the same level or among any horizontally equivalent personnel.

FORMALFORMAL VS VS INFORMAL INFORMAL NETWORKSNETWORKS

FORMAL SMALL GROUP FORMAL SMALL GROUP NETWORKS NETWORKS Formal networks are typically

vertical, follow the authority chain and are limited to task related communications

There are three common formal small – group networks : the chain, wheel and all channel.

THREE COMMON SMALL - GROUP THREE COMMON SMALL - GROUP NETWORKSNETWORKS

Chain

Wheel All - Channel

Small Group Networks Small Group Networks and Effectiveness Criteriaand Effectiveness Criteria

Networks

Criteria Chain Wheel All - Channel

Speed Moderate Fast Fast

Accuracy High High Moderate

Emergence of a leader

Moderate High None

Member satisfaction

Moderate Low High

THE INFORMAL NETWORKTHE INFORMAL NETWORKCommonly known as Grapevine.75 percent of the employees hear

about matters first through rumors in the Grapevine.

It is not controlled by the managementPerceived by most employees as being

more believable and reliable than formal communiqués issued by top managements.

Largely used to serve the self – interest of those people within.

RumorsRumors

Rumors emerge as a response to situations that are important to us , when there is ambiguity and under conditions that arouse anxiety.

A rumor will persist either until the wants and expectations creating the uncertainty underlying the rumor are fulfilled or until the anxiety is reduced.

Advantages of GrapevineAdvantages of GrapevineIt gives managers a feel for the

morale of their organization.Helps in identifying the issues the

issues that employees consider important and helps to tap into employee anxieties.

It acts as both a filtering and feedback mechanism.

INTERPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Oral CommunicationWritten CommunicationNon Verbal Communication

ORAL ORAL COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Is the chief means of conveying messages. Examples - Speeches, formal one -on-one

and group discussions and the informal rumor mill or Grapevine

Advantage – Speed and feedback. A verbal message can be conveyed and a response received an a minimal amount of time.

Disadvantage – Occurrence of considerable distortions in the message whenever it has to be passed through a number of people.

WRITTEN WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONWritten communication includes memos,

letters, fax transmissions, e-mails, instant messaging, organizational periodicals , notices placed in bulletin boards, or any other device that is transmitted via written words or symbols.

Advantage – They are tangible and verifiable. Can record it for indefinite period for future reference.

Disadvantage – They’re time consuming. It does not have a built in feedback mechanism

NON VERBAL NON VERBAL COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Every body movement has a meaning and no movement is accidental.

Messages conveyed through body movements , the intonations or emphasis we give to words , facial expressions and the physical distance between sender and the receiver.

Kinesics is the study of body motions.

We act our state of being with nonverbal body language .

We lift one eyebrow for disbeliefRubbing of nose for puzzlementClasp our arms to isolate ourselvesWink one eye for intimacySlapping the forehead for

forgetfulness.Shrugging of shoulder for

indifference.Tap our fingers for indifference

Thank Thank

you………you………