Transcript
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Cogeneration
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INTRODUCTION:
Cogeneration, also known as Combined Heat
and Power, or CHP, is the production of
electricity and heat in one single process for
dual output streams.
Cogeneration also helps save energy costs,
improves energy security of supply, and
creates jobs. It is the most efficient way to
use fuel.
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Key points The heat produced by cogeneration can be delivered
through various mediums, including warm water (e.g., for
space heating and hot water systems), steam or hot air
(e.g., for commercial and industrial uses).
It is also possible to do trigeneration, the production of
electricity, heat and cooling
(through an absorption chiller) in one single process.
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Trigeneration:
Trigeneration is an attractive
option in situations where all
three needs exist, such as in
production processes with
cooling requirements.
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Scope of Co generation: In recent years cogeneration has become an attractive and
practical proposition for a wide range of applications.
These include the process industries
pharmaceuticals,
Paper and board,
brewing,
ceramics, brick, cement, food, textile, minerals etc.),
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Commercial sector
Commercial and public sector buildings
Hotel
Hospitals,
Leisure centers ,
Swimming pools,
Universities,
Airports,
Offices,Barracks, etc.
and district heating schemes.
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COGENERATION TYPES
Topping SystemElectricity is produced first and
the thermal
energy exhausted is captured for
further usein the process
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Bottoming SystemUsable thermal energy is extracted from a
waste stream (after it has been used in a
process) to produce power, usually for
driving a turbine to generate electricity
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Bottoming System
In a bottoming cycle, the primary fuel
produces high temperature thermal
energy and the heat rejected from the
process is used to generate power
through a recovery boiler and a turbinegenerator
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To evaluate cogeneration
For an economical evaluation of co gen.plant some thermodynamically relatedquantities are required
Net power output
Heat load
Net electrical efficiencyFuel utilization
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Net power output
The net power output is theamount of power that can be
delivered from power plant.This quantity is equal to
difference between totalgenerated power and plantinternal consumption of power
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Heat load
The heat load is the amount of net useful
heat extracted to an external process from
the plant which is
Q =m (H out-H in)
H out =Energy of steam supplied to external process
H in =Enthalpy of return steam or condensate from
external process
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Net Electrical efficiency
The ratio between the net
power output and fuel
energy input both for gas
turbine and supplementary
burner based on the lower
heating value
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Fuel Utilization
Ratio between total useful energy output
from plant and total energy input basedon lower heating value it can be denotedas combined heat and power (CHP)
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Efficiencies of Generation
Cycles
Type of Generation Efficiency Thermal Plants (Coal Based) 30 to 40%
Thermal Plants (Gas Turbine) 25 to 30%
Combined Cycle 55 to 60%
Co Generation 60 to 70%
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Advantages of Co-gen in the presentPower Sector Scenario
Act as a Booster station
Self reliance
It can maintain grid stability
Pollution reduction & Environnemental
friendly
Helps to meet the national target of 10%
of power
It offers cheap power in the long term
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