CO 2 Transport UKCCSC Progress Report Newcastle University P.N. Seevam, J.M.Race, M.J.Downie,

CO2 Transport UKCCSCProgress Report

Newcastle UniversityP.N. Seevam, J.M.Race , M.J.Downie,

CO2 Modelling Parameters and Overview.

Blow down

Hydrates & Freeze out components

Pure CO2 & CO2 with Impurities

Physical Property Modelling

Pipeline Modelling

Phase Equilibrium Density Compressibility

Density profile

Heat Losses

Pressure Losses

Operability Investigation

Investigation of Blockages

Source upset Slugging Line Packing Possibility of Multiphase Flow

Input

FLOW ASSURANCE

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• Effect of impurities on physical properties of CO2 and equations

of state impacts pipeline design – pipeline hydraulics, avoidance of hydrate formation & two phase flow etc

• Transient conditions (e.g. blow down , start up & shutdown) need special consideration for avoidance of two-phase conditions

• HSE/ Regulatory/Design codes issues needs to be defined as it is important in pipeline routing.

• Risk of long running brittle fractures (due to cooling effects around leaks) and long running ductile fractures (due to phase changes during depressurisation). Network design, development, operation and management (metering & custody transfer etc)

• Strategy for development of infrastructure – how much CO2 to collect, when. Top 16 sources account for around 40% of CO2 output

Pipeline Issues

Offshore Pipelines: Additional Issues

• No experience of transporting CO2 for long distances offshore. The only subsea CO2 pipeline that has been laid is the Snohvit pipeline

• Pressures typically 50 to 150 bar for existing offshore pipelines. Maintaining sufficiently high pressures for delivery specifications could be a problem

• Availability of existing infrastructure- Trunk lines etc• Upgrading existing infrastructure for EOR• Integration of onshore and offshore networks• Decommissioning Vs. Re-use• Pipeline integrity and fitness for purpose in re-use

• Hydrostatic pressure may be mitigating factor with regard to brittle fracture

• Impurities introduce variables in most aspects of CO2 transport.

IPCC Power Plant Impurities

TABLES

Table 1. Compositions of impurities in dried CO2 by volume (IPCC, )

Combustion Component Coal Fired % Volume

Gas Fired % Volume

Case 1 Case 2 SO2 0.01 0.01 NOx 0.01 0.01

Post Combustion Capture N2/Ar/O2 0.01 0.01 Case 3 Case 4

H2S 0.6 0.01 H2 2.0 1.0 CO 0.4 0.04 CH4 0.01 2.0

Pre Combustion Capture (IGCC) N2/Ar/O2 0.6 1.3 Case 5 Case 6

SO2 0.5 0.01 NOx 0.01 0.01

Oxyfuel N2/Ar/O2 3.7 4.1

Power Plant Impurities

Phase Envelope for the IPCC Composition

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Case 1 & 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

Case 6

Summary of Progress Update at Newcastle.

Technical & Regulatory requirement (Completed): Fundamental knowledge of hydraulics have been

established. Model validation with real-time pipeline data. Regulations and design codes.

Input data into scenario models which include source and sinks – Transport scenario building (ongoing)

Identification of sources and sinks - large sources will be chosen. Awaiting input for sinks.

Material issues –Fracture propagation models Network dev. and mgmt Existing Infrastructure – availability in the North Sea

On-going/future work

Transient modelling with OLGA and STONER – Start up , shut down, cyclic source operation, line pack etc.

Validation of Models with Real time pipeline data from Kinder Morgan.

Developing fracture propagation models for CO2 pipelines.

GIS routing exercise based on pipeline design codes

Networking Activities

Contacts with Industry : AMEC, BP, Polytec Norway, Advantica, KMCO2:

-Stoner transient software loaned to the University for CO2 on an academic license with sponsored training

-OLGA multiphase transient training sponsored by Polytec and the software is used on Polytec premises

-Kinder Morgan and Denburry CO2 company has agreed to provide data for model building and validation.

Other information Dissemination / Networking Activities

Date Presenter Association Title

Mar-07 P. Seevam Energy Industry Council (EIC)“CO2 Pipeline Transport Infrastructure - Bridging the Knowledge Gap”

Sep-07 Prof. Downie Offshore Europe“Transport of CO2 for Carbon Capture andStorage in the UK”

Sep-07 Dr Race2nd Clean Coal and Carbon Capture Conference – Securing the Future

“Transport Challenges for Captured Carbon”

Nov-07 Prof. DownieThe Inaugural European Carbon Capture and Storage Summit

“Panel on Transport Technologies”

Jan-08 Prof DownieInternational Workshop on Power

Generation With CCS in India

Some Technical Aspects of CO2 Transport for LargeScale CCS

Publications/AwardsPublications:

1. P.N. Seevam, J.M. Race, M.J. Downie, “Challenges for Offshore Transport of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide,” 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), June 10-15 2007 San Diego California.

2. M.J.Downie, J.M.Race, P.N.Seevam, “Transport of CO2 for Carbon Capture and Storage in the UK” SPE Offshore Europe 2007

3. P.N. Seevam, J.M.Race, M.J.Downie, “Carbon Dioxide Pipelines for Sequestration in the UK –Engineering Gap Analysis” Transmission of CO2, H2, and biogas: exploring new uses for natural gas pipelines conference, 30-31st May 2007 Amsterdam.• This paper is also a featured article in Global Pipeline Monthly GPM which is a joint venture between Netherlands-Based Alexander’s Gas and Oil Connections and UK Based Pipeline World Magazine.• The paper is also be published in the Journal of Pipeline Engineering , Sept 2007 and the Australian Pipeliner Magazine.

5. P.N. Seevam, P.Hopkins, J.M.Race, M.J.Downie, “The Impact of Impurities on Supercritical CO2Pipeline Transport” International Conference on Petroleum Sustainable Development 2007,Beijing China.

Awards: Excellent Paper Award at the International Petroleum Sustainable Development Conference China

2007-09-19

Best Post Graduate Student Award at the International Energy Agency (IEA) Summer School2007 , Kloster Seeon ,Germany

Future Publications 2008

P.N. Seevam , J.M.Race, M.J.Downie, “Hydraulic Modelling for Anthropogenic CO2 Pipelines”, Journal of Ocean Engineering – Publication Due date has not been notified..

GHGT-9 Washington D.C– Joint paper with Imperial looking at transient effects of sources on pipeline transport.

IPC 2008 – International Pipeline Conference 2008 Calgary Alberta Canada

GHGT-9 ? Fracture Propagation in CO2 Pipelines

Contacts

Patricia Seevam – Research Associatep.n.seevam@ncl.ac.uk

J.M. Race – Lecturer in Pipeline Engineering j.m.race@ncl.ac.uk

M.J. Downie – Professor of Technology in the Marine Environment martin.downie@ncl.ac.uk

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OBJECTIVES Identifying, locating and classifying the

sources comprehensively. Identifying and locating suitable offshore

sites for EOR and/or storage. Developing/ designing/ modelling transport

systems to bridge the two.

Theme A6 – UK Infrastucture & Regulation

Supporting slides - Impurities

Supporting Slides - Large scale infrastructure

• The total CO2 emissions from all reporting UK industrial sites was 283Mt in 2004

• Most of the major sources are power plants, steel plants and petrochemical complexes

• The 20 largest power plants represent 49% of the total industrial emissions.

• It has been estimated that there is sufficient CO2 storage capacity in the UKCS oil and gas fields to store all current UK industrial emissions for between 13 and 38 years.

Source: Report No COAL R308 DTI/PUB URN 06/2027

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