Climate Conscious Building Design

Climate Conscious Building Design

Donald Davies, P.E., S.E. - PrincipalDonald Davies, P.E., S.E. - Principal

Where the US Building Industry Has Been

MKA Culture - Optimized Structures

Bio-mimicry

Multi-Purpose Solutions

Where the Industry Is Heading

Green Building

Green BuildingClimate Conscious Green Building

n International awarenessn Momentum to lower climate impactsn First we must answer the question,

“Where Are We?”

Source: SB Alliance, 2009

Phase I(Embodied)

Carbon

Phase II(Operating)

Carbon

Phase III(Deconstruction)

Carbon

Life-Cycle Analysis

A Building’s Life-Cycle Carbon

CommonLCCAThreshold

Phase 1- Embodied

Phase 1P – Embodied

Phase 2 - Operations

Phase 3P - Deconstruction

MEAS

URAB

LEPR

EDIC

TION

Phase 2P - Operations

Current Life Cycle Carbon Future Life Cycle Carbon

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Changes with time

Phase2

Phase 3

Phase 1

Phase II – Operating Carbon Modeling

Phase I - Embodied Carbon Modeling

Site Work7%

Structure28%

Envelope20%

Finishes20%

Systems18%

Construction7%

A Different Take on Embodied Carbon

Operating Carbon Over 30 Years

50% Structural reduction = 6 years operating carbon

Embodied Carbon Calculators

Desired Results

Material Components

Economic Input / Output

How to count the Carbon?

Hybrid Model

Hybrid Model Case Study

Hybrid Model Aluminum Windows (50% aluminum, 50% glass)

Drywall (5% paper, 95% gypsum)

Iron And Steel Forgings

Ready Mixed Concrete

Brick And Structural Clay Tile

Plumbing Fixture Fittings And Trim

Electrical Machinery Equipment And Supplies N E C

Heating Equipment Except Electric And Warm Ai r Furnaces

Elevators And Moving Stairways

Doors, Frames, Hardware (Webcor)

Wood Kitchen Cabinets

Paints And Allied Products

Miscellaneous Plastics Products N E C

50% plastic, 50% steel

Household Appliances N E C

Industrial And Commercial Machinery And Equipment N E C

Glass And Glass Products Except Containers

Everything Else

MKA ‘C’ Tool – Structural Material/Product Modeling

BIM Model – Material Quantities Defined

Material Sourcing

Material Sourcing – Require a Pedigree

n Concrete Supply Chain

n Steel Supply Chain

Ready-mix concrete

Cement

Water

Source: Cemex

Clinker

Aggregates

GravelSand

Limestone

Clay

Iron Ore

GypsumOther cementious

materials, suchas pozzolan, slag,

and fly ash

Tracking the Energy Supply

Energy - #C02/MWh – Select US Regions

395

767 774

10931136

1183

1420

1748

1345

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

CascadiaWA-OR-ID

California New York Illinois Arizona Arkansas Michigan Ohio U.S. average0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

O ther

Renewable

Hydroelectric

Nuclear

Fossil Fuel

Intensity# CO 2/ MWh

Data from CARMA (www.CARMA.org)

Energy - #C02/MWh – Select Int’l Regions

1345

193

317

893

1068

1379

1773

1910

2108

1966

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

U.S. average France South America Europe Russia Malaysia India China Australia Shanghai0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

O ther

Renewable

Hydroelectric

Nuclear

Fossil Fuel

Intensity# CO 2/MWh

Data from CARMA (www.CARMA.org)

Seattle Hotel - Case Study

Concrete Structure – CO2Drywall

“Dropped”Ceiling

INTERIOR WALLEXTERIOR WALL

Rendered ConcreteCeiling

Drywall“Dropped”

Ceiling

ConcreteRebarFormworkCold FormedDrywallPT

Composite Steel Structure – CO2

INTERIOR WALLEXTERIOR WALL

Drywall“Dropped”

Ceiling

Drywall on Z ChannelsAt Metal Deck Ceiling

ConcreteRebarFireproofingCold FormedDrywallHot Rolled DomesticFormworkHot Rolled Foreign

Complementary Cementing Materials (CCM) Cement replacement by 10-100% with coal fly ash,

slag, rice husk ash, or oyster shell powder

Sorting Control of Aggregate Matrix – PBD mixes: Reduce Cement by 20-30% +

iCrete Mix DesignsStandard Mix Design

iCrete Technology

0 .0 0 0

0 .5 0 0

1 .0 0 0

1 .5 0 0

2 .0 0 0

2 .5 0 0

3 .0 0 0

3 .5 0 0

4 .0 0 0

0 .0 0 0 .1 0 0 .2 0 0 .3 0 0 .4 0 0 .5 0 0 .6 0 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0

Typicalicrete

Design

5%

ƒ′c

2δ

Target = Typical

ƒ′c

iCrete TechnologyDesign Mix

TypicaliCrete

0 .0 0 0

0 .5 0 0

1 .0 0 0

1 .5 0 0

2 .0 0 0

2 .5 0 0

3 .0 0 0

3 .5 0 0

4 .0 0 0

0 .0 0 0 .1 0 0 .2 0 0 .3 0 0 .4 0 0 .5 0 0 .6 0 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0

Typicalicrete

Design

5%

ƒ′c Target = iCrete

ƒ′c Target = Typical

ƒ′c

2δ

Cement Savings

iCrete TechnologyDesign Mix

TypicaliCrete

5%

“Bubble Deck”

Variable Steel Grade

60 ksi 120 ksi75 ksi 90 ksi

$/toncarbon/ton

Thermal Mass – Myth and Reality

Case Study Possible Savings?

Case Study Possible Savings?

n Baselinen 5000 ton bldg

n 50% Reductionn 2500 tons saved

2500 Tons of Carbon =

n 6 years of operating carbonn Yearly average use of

415 carsn 1666 car trips from Seattle

to New Yorkn 2500 flights from Seattle

to New York