Classification of Organisms Oleh : Alimmatus Firmansyah, S.Pd. – E-mail: firman.biologi@gmail.com IPA - BIOLOGI.

Classification of Classification of OrganismsOrganisms

Oleh : Alimmatus Firmansyah, S.Pd.Oleh : Alimmatus Firmansyah, S.Pd.

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Classification of Classification of OrganismsOrganisms

►The study of the kinds and diversity of The study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and their evolutionary organisms and their evolutionary relationships is called relationships is called systematics systematics or or taxonomytaxonomy TaxonomyTaxonomy is the work involved in the is the work involved in the

original description of a species.original description of a species. SystematicsSystematics is the assigning of species is the assigning of species

into evolutionary groups.into evolutionary groups.

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Father of Modern Father of Modern ClassificationClassification

►The modern classification system The modern classification system originated with the work of originated with the work of Carolus Carolus LinnaeusLinnaeus he recognized the different species could he recognized the different species could

be grouped into broader categories based be grouped into broader categories based on shared characteristicson shared characteristics

any grouping of animals that shares a any grouping of animals that shares a particular set of characteristics forms an particular set of characteristics forms an assemblage called a assemblage called a taxontaxon

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Modern taxonomists use 7 Modern taxonomists use 7 taxa:taxa:

►kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species genus and species as taxa increase organisms get more as taxa increase organisms get more

specific specific

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Binomial Nomenclature:Binomial Nomenclature:

►WWhen a species is talked about only hen a species is talked about only the genus and species names are the genus and species names are usedused this is called thethis is called the scientific namescientific name unique to each type of organism unique to each type of organism

►Required by the Required by the International Code International Code of Zoological Nomenclatureof Zoological Nomenclature

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Writing Scientific NamesWriting Scientific Names

►the genus names is always capitalizedthe genus names is always capitalized► both names are either italicized or both names are either italicized or

underlined underlined leave a space in the underline between leave a space in the underline between

namesnames

ex. ex. Homo sapienHomo sapien

Felis leoFelis leo

QuercusQuercus rubrarubra

Kingdoms of Life Kingdoms of Life

► In 1969, Robert H. Whitaker classified In 1969, Robert H. Whitaker classified kingdoms based on cellular kingdoms based on cellular organization and mode of nutritionorganization and mode of nutrition

this lead to the formation of the 5 this lead to the formation of the 5 kingdoms kingdoms

5 Kingdoms of Classification:5 Kingdoms of Classification:MoneraMonera: comprised of bacteria and : comprised of bacteria and

cyanobacteriacyanobacteria► distinguished by being single cell prokaryotesdistinguished by being single cell prokaryotes

ProtistaProtista: comprised of : comprised of Amoeba, ParameciumAmoeba, Paramecium etc….etc….

► distinguished by being single celled eukaryotesdistinguished by being single celled eukaryotes

PlantaePlantae: multi-cellular : multi-cellular photosyntheticphotosynthetic eukaryoteseukaryotes

► plants have cell walls and are non-motileplants have cell walls and are non-motile

5 Kingdoms of Classification:5 Kingdoms of Classification:

FungiFungi: multi-cellular : multi-cellular heterotrophicheterotrophic eukaryotes eukaryotes► fungi have cell walls and usually non-motilefungi have cell walls and usually non-motile► digest organic matter extra-cellularly (outside of digest organic matter extra-cellularly (outside of

cell) and absorb the breakdown productscell) and absorb the breakdown products

AnimaliaAnimalia: multi-cellular heterotrophic eukaryotes: multi-cellular heterotrophic eukaryotes► animal cells animal cells lacklack a cell wall and usually a cell wall and usually motilemotile► feed by ingesting other organisms or parts of feed by ingesting other organisms or parts of

other organismsother organisms

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Monera prokaryote single-cell

Protista eukaryote multi-cell

Plantae eukaryote multi-cell autotrophic

Fungi eukaryote multi-cell heterotrophic, external digestion

Animalia eukaryote multi-cell heterotrophic, internal digestion

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