CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)
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CLASSICAL
GREECE
Spolufinancováno ESF a státním rozpočtem ČR,
reg. č. projektu CZ.1.07/1.1.00/14.0143 OPVK
CLASSICAL GREECE• Greco-Persian /Persian Wars (499 – 449 BC)
• Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 BC)
Herodotus, The HistoriesNo 1
No 2
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War
PERSIAN WARS
Greece
Persian Empire
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Red SeaThe Nile
The Halys
the Indus
Persian Gulf
PERSIAN WARS• 547 BCE - Cyrus the Great conquered Ionia
• 500/499 – Ionian Revolt started (499-493)
DARIUS I (THE GREAT)
• to punish Athens (helped in the Ionian Revolt)
• to subjugate Greece
→ Persian Wars
PERSIAN EMPIRE - divided into provinces (satrapies)
(satraps to govern)
- new uniform monetary system
- Aramaic - official languageTASK: Why were these reforms so important for the Persian Empire?
No 3
PERSIAN WARS
MAIN BATTLES• Battle of Marathon
• Battle of Thermopylae
• Battle of Salamis
• Battle of Plataea
• Battle of Mycale
BATTLE OF MARATHON• 490 BCE (first Persian invasion of Greece)
• Athens (+Platae) - Miltiades X Persian Empire - Darius
• decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X 6400†)
• Pheidippides - Νενικήκαµεν (We were
victorious!)
• 42.195 km – Marathon Run
Baron Pierre de Coubertin
No 4
BATTLE OF
THERMOPYLAE• 480 BCE (second Persian invasion of Greece)
• Greek city-states (King Leonidas of Sparta)
X Persian Empire (Xerxes I)
• Thermopylae ('The Hot Gates') - narrow coastal pass
• Persian victory – BUT!!! 300
No 5No 6
BATTLE OF SALAMIS
• 480 BCE
• straits between the mainland and Salamis (island near Athens)
• decisive Greek vistory
• Oracle at Delphi:
Salamis will "bring death to women's sons,“
the Greeks would be saved by a "wooden wall"
TASK: Delphi Oracle. What is typical for it?
PERSIAN WARS• Battle of Plataea (479 BC) - Persians defeated
• Battle of Mycale (479 BC) – Persians defeated
• Delian League (478 BC) - Delos – meeting place
- over 150 poleis (Athens)
- to fight the Persian Empire
• 449 BC – Peace of Callias (Callias – Athenian politicain)
→ end of Persian Wars
(Delian League (winner) and Persian Empire)
PELOPONNESIAN WAR• Delian League – prominent position of Athens
→ many poleis against
→ Peloponnesian League (Sparta)
No 7
Περικλης / PERICLES495 – 429 BC
• Athenian statesman, strategos (general), orator
• very popular – many reforms
• Golden Age of Athens
• long walls to protect Athens, port Piraeus - strong navy
• Acropolis, Sofocles, Herodotus, Anaxagoras, etc.
• 449 BC – Peace of Callias
• 445 BC – peacy treaty with Sparta
- Thirty Years′ Peace
(broken 431)
• 429 BC – died of plague
No 8
No 9
ACROPOLIS• UNESCO World heritage site
• acropolis (akron = edge, polis – city) – city on a hill
• originally - Mycenaean castle /palace
• Parthenon – dedicated to maiden Goddess Athena
No 10
No 11
PELOPONNESIAN WAR• 431 - 421 BC – Archidamian war (Spartan king Archidamian)
after Pericles – Athens weakened – no strong leader421 BC – Peace of Nicias (50 years′ peace – broken)
• ALCIBIADES (450 – 404 BC)- Athenian statesman, orator, general- nephew of Pericles, student of Socrates
- character? had to leave Athens
→ to Sparta (against Athens)→ helped Persia (against Sparta)→ to Athens (against Sparta)→ murdered
No 12
• 422 BC - Battle of Amphipolis – Macedonia
Spartan victory; Peace of Nicias
• 418 BC - Battle of Mantinea – Peloponnese
(First Battle of Mantineia)
Spartan victory
• 405 BC - Battle of Aegospotami – Hellespont
Spartan victory;
PELOPONNESIAN WAR
MAIN BATTLES
No 13
LYSANDER(† 395 BC)
• Spartan commander• Cyrus the Younger (Persian prince) – money to built
strong Spartan fleet – to defeat Athens• Battle of Aegospotami - defeated Athens
→ end of Peloponnesian War
→ Sparta – most powerful polis
• Athens: Spartan conditionsrule of 'Thirty Tyrants‚; oligarchy
403 BC – democracy restored
GREECE AFTER
PELOPONNESIAN WAR• CORINTHIAN WAR (395 – 387 BC)
Sparta X Corinth, Athens, Thebes, Persians…
• THEBAN HEGEMONY (371 – 362 BC)
371 BC - Battle of Leuctra (Boeotia)
- Thebes X Sparta
- Theban victory
362 BC – Battle of Mantineia
(Second Battle of Mantineia)
- Thebes X Sparta, Athens
Result: Greek poleis weak → MACEDONIANo 14 No 14
CULTURE OF CLASSICAL
GREECEPHILOSOP
HYEmpedocles
Anaxagoras
Protagoras
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
HISTORYHerodotus - ′The Father of History′Thucydides
Xenophon - Socrates
THEATREAeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
Aristophanes
SCULPTUREMyron
Phidias
Praxiteles
ZdrojeNo 1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Herodotos_Met_91.8.jpg/300px-
Herodotos_Met_91.8.jpg
No 2: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Thucydides-bust-cutout_ROM.jpg/160px-Thucydides-bust-cutout_ROM.jpg
No 3: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_Greco-Persian_Wars-en.svg/750px-Map_Greco-Persian_Wars-en.svg.png
No 4: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Statue_of_Pheidippides_along_the_Marathon_Road.jpg/250px-Statue_of_Pheidippides_along_the_Marathon_Road.jpg
No 5: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Thermopylae_ancient_coastline_large.jpg/220px-Thermopylae_ancient_coastline_large.jpg
No 6: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Molon_labe2_edit_crop.jpg/220px-Molon_labe2_edit_crop.jpg
No 7: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Peloponnesian_war_alliances_431_BC.png/387px-Peloponnesian_war_alliances_431_BC.png
No 8: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pericles_Pio-Clementino_Inv269_n4.jpg/399px-Pericles_Pio-Clementino_Inv269_n4.jpg
No 9: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Pelopennesian_War%2C_Walls_Protecting_the_City%2C_431_B.C..JPG/400px-Pelopennesian_War%2C_Walls_Protecting_the_City%2C_431_B.C..JPG
No 10: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Athens_Acropolis.jpg/800px-Athens_Acropolis.jpg
No 11: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/220px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg
No 12: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bust_Alcibiades_Musei_Capitolini_MC1160.jpg/220px-Bust_Alcibiades_Musei_Capitolini_MC1160.jpg
No 13: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Pelopennesian_War%2C_Key_Actions_in_each_Phase%2C_431_-_404_B.C..JPG/387px-Pelopennesian_War%2C_Key_Actions_in_each_Phase%2C_431_-_404_B.C..JPG
No 14: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/362BCThebanHegemony.png/637px-362BCThebanHegemony.png
Levi, P.: Svět starého Řecka. Knižní klub, Praha 1995.
Čornej, P.: Dějepis 1 pro gymnázia a střední školy. Pravěk a starověk . SPN, Praha 2009.
Slovník antické kultury. Svoboda, Praha 1974.
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