Civics: Government and Economics in Action 1 Chapter 12: Local Government.
Post on 27-Mar-2015
254 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
1
Chapter 12: Local Government
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
2
Chapter Links
Section 1“Types of Local Government”
Section 2“Local Government Services and Revenues”
Section 3“Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments”
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
3
Main Idea:
There are many varieties of local government. Certain governmental structures are ideal for small towns. Large city governments are organized in a different way.
Key Terms:•Board•Ordinances•Municipality
Section 1“Types of Local Government”
Section Outline:I. Counties and Townships
II. New England Towns
III. Special Districts
IV. Cities
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
4
Counties and Townships• Counties
– Colonial way of dividing land– County Seats (capital of county)
• County Officials– Board: a group of people who manage the business
of an organization– Ordinances: local laws
• Townships– Handled business of rural areas outside of seat
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
5
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
6
New England Towns
• New England Towns– Different form of government– Made up of a village and farmlands– Citizens took an active part local government
• Town Meetings
• The closest thing America has to a direct democracy
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
7
Cities
• Municipality– A government that serves people in an urban area.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
8
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
9
A
C
E
B
D
City Leaders
• The Mayor-Council Plan– Weak-Mayor plan
• Elected council holds legislative and executive power
– Strong-Mayor plan• The mayor is an executive figure
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
10
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
11
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
12
Cities (cont.)
• The Council-Manager Plan– Plan where government is run like a business– Manager is “CEO” and free of political pressure
• The Commission Plan– Voters chose several commissioners to direct the
cities’ different departments.
Type of Gov’t Definition Possible Advantage
Possible Disadvantage
Weak-Mayor Elected council holds legislative and executive power
Strong-Mayor The mayor is an executive figure
Council-Manager Plan where government is run like a business
Commission Plan Voters chose several commissioners to direct the cities’ different departments.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
13
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
14
Section Outline:I. Education, Health, and Public Safety
II. Utilities
III. Land Use
IV. Revenue: Paying for Services
Main Idea:
Local governments provide a wide variety of important everyday services. Several sources of revenue help pay for these services.
Key Terms:•Utilities•Zoning•Property Tax•Intergovernmental Revenue•Grant
Section 2“Local Government Services and Revenue”
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
15
Education, Health, and Public Safety
• Education– A very important and the most expensive
aspect of local government
• Health and Welfare– Programs designed to give assistance to
those in need.
• Public Safety– Police and Fire Department (Emergency
Services)
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
16
Utilities
• Utilities– Services needed by the public, such as water, gas,
and electricity.– Sewage treatment, garbage collection
• Planning– Utilities are planned on the local level, where the
needs of the people can best be met.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
17
Land Use
• Zoning– Local rules that divide a community into areas and
tell how the land in each area can be used.
• The Planning Process– There are many steps in developing land– Commissions look at requests and carefully and
decide how land may be used.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
18
Revenue: Paying for Services
• Taxes– About 25 percent of local government revenue
comes from a property tax• Property Tax: a tax on land and building
– Some communities employ a local sales tax
• Service Charges and Profits
• Borrowing
• Sharing Revenue
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
19
Section Outline:I. Relations Between Local Government
II. Local and State Governments
III. Local, State, and Federal Governments
Main Idea:
Local governments work with other local governments, their state government, and the federal government to get things done. These working relationships involve both cooperation and conflict.
Key Terms:•Councils of Governments•Home Rule
Section 3“Conflict and Cooperation Between Governments”
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
20
Relations Between Local Government
• Councils and Conferences– Groups that work together to meet the regional
needs.
• Conflict– There is often economic competition between local
governments; especially for businesses.
• Cooperation– Communities work together to provide services
that would be too expensive otherwise.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
21
Local and State Governments
• Home Rule– The right to write your own charter– Local citizens have always demanded a voice
• Conflict– Sometimes the state government and local
governments experience disagreements.
• Cooperation– State and local governments also work together to
solve problems.
Civics: Government and Economics in Action
22
Local, State, and Federal Governments
• Federal Funding– The federal government helps state and local
governments through various funding programs.
• Conflict and Cooperation– As is to be expected, there is sometimes conflict
between local, state, and federal government; however there is also tremendous cooperation between all three.
top related