Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens 2013 10-22

Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardshipLuigi Ceccaroni (Barcelona Digital Technology Centre)Jaume Piera (ICM-CSIC)Carine Simon, Laia Subirats, Julia Busch, Karin Dubsky and the Citclops Consortium

3rd International Marine Protected Areas Congress, Marseille (France), October 22, 2013

Which one will you drive?

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Which one will you use?

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

ultraviolet photometer ultraviolet photometer

Monitoring: resolution, accuracy

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

μM = 10−6 mol/dm3 = 10−3 mol/m3

In situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer to

measure nutrients

20.000 €

Temporal and spatial variability?

High accuracy

Monitoring: frequency

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

1201009080 130 140110 150

20

15

5

10

25

0

Nitrate (μM)

Julian days

1 sample every month (at 10 am on the first day of the month)

1 sample every week (at 10 am on the first day of the week)

Monterey Bay, California

The sunlight cycle

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

30 35 40

0

50

100

150

200

250

Julian days

Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)

Day

Night

Monitoring: frequency

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

30 35 40

0

50

100

150

200

250

Julian days

Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)

1 sample every week (at 4 pm on the first day)

This is a typical frequency in

biological domains

Monitoring: frequency

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

30 35 40

0

50

100

150

200

250

Julian days

Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)

1 sample every day (at 4 pm)

Monitoring: frequency

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

30 35 40

0

50

100

150

200

250

Julian days

Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)

2 samples every day (at 4 pm and 4 am)

1.very high

2.high

3.low

4.very low

5.no sunlight

Monitoring: resolution

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

20.000 €

vs.

Questionnaire to citizens

Monitoring: resolution

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

0

50

100

150

200

250

Julian days

Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)

1 sample every day (at 4 pm) Sunlight intensity

20.000 €

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41

very high

high

low

very low

no sunlight

• Not (only) resolution, but…• Mobile devices as sensor platforms• Georeferencing • Education through citizens’ effective participation• Community involvement• Internet-distribution and social platforms to share

observations:• Photos (ocean color, transparency)• Oil spills• Algal blooms• Jellyfishes

• Or interpretations of observations:• Recommendations• Decision support

From current monitoring to "participatory environmental science"

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

• Before: Citizens as environmental-data consumers• Monitoring tackled by scientists or policy makers alone

• Expensive• Hard to use technology• High resolution, high accuracy, high precision• Low temporal and spatial coverage

• Now: Citizens as environmental-data creators and consumers• Monitoring tackled by scientists, policy makers and citizens

• Low cost• Easy to use technology• Low resolution, average accuracy, average precision• Potentially high temporal and spatial coverage

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

From current monitoring to "participatory environmental science"

The Citclops European project [www.citclops.eu]

• Proliferation of cheap, powerful sensors to measure optical properties of the water

• Participatory science integrating the general public into the environmental stewardship and increasing people awareness of water quality

• People firmly connected on social networks

The Citclops European project: the convergence of three trends

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

• Outreach and training activities• Ensuring that citizens can participate in all stages of

knowledge management: • Collection• Validation / Interpretation• Delivery

• “Smart“: Leaving complete control of the situation and enhancing decision-making by providing more information:• Example: Contribution to ocean-color research, coupling color

to phytoplankton, and informing about the ocean’s health• What’s in it for me? Education, info on pollution…

Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Citizens’ participation

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Collection

• What about participatory science involving people on training cruises, on sailing races, on holiday (scuba diving, on the beach) in data collection?

Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Tall Ship Regatta21st Sept. - 4th October 2013: Barcelona - Toulon - La Spezia

• What about participatory science involving people on training cruises, on sailing races, on holiday (scuba diving, on the beach) in data collection?

Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Barcelona World Race4th November 2013: training in the Canary Islands of the around the world sailboat race

• What about participatory science involving people on training cruises, on sailing races, on holiday (scuba diving, on the beach) in data collection?

Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

• Water-color, oil-spill, river-status measurement• Water transparency via phone pictures and

Secchi disc• Retrieval of sensor measurements from low-

cost moorings

Applications, applications

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information acquisition: UVindeSir: The UV Index Meter

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information acquisition

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information acquisition

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Citizens’ participation

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

ValidationInterpretation

Information processing

• Standardization, interoperability• GIS and satellite-data processing, integration and

interpretation• Data-quality validation in real-time

• Taking into account position, orientation, temperature…

• Context-awareness• Data provided in a more or less voluntary, active or conscious

way• Metadata and context data: time, location, name, instrument

• Personalisation• Location• Social environment• Profile and personal history

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Peer-to-peer validation

based on

Reputation system

(experience level)

Challenges– Time to complete validation– Set up– Skill demonstration– Managing time for validation– Busy experts

Monitoring: validation

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information processing

• Standardization, interoperability• GIS and satellite-data processing, integration and

interpretation• Data-quality validation in real-time

• Taking into account position, orientation, temperature…

• Context-awareness• Data provided in a more or less voluntary, active or conscious

way• Metadata and context data: time, location, name, instrument

• Personalisation• Location• Social environment• Profile and personal history

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Citizens’ participation

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Delivery

Objectives: 1. To make map-based information and alerts about

water quality easily available

2. To help citizens in decision making about marine activities, increasing knowledge about water quality and taking into account users’ reputation

3. To keep citizens engaged in monitoring (example: Coastwatch in the Ebro Delta)

4. To provide the public administration with access to all data generated via citizen participation

5. To integrate participatory science with professional and leisure activities of citizens

Information delivery

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

• Improvement of scuba-diving activities• Best beaches’ ranking • Early-warning systems for HABs and bio-

chemical hazards

Applications, applications

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information delivery

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information delivery

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information delivery: decision support

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Information delivery: decision support

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Acquisition, processing, delivery: a new way

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

• Participatory science as a more efficient way to carry out monitoring• Resolution, temporal and spatial coverage

• Smart phones, currently, as the preferred technological substrate

• No standard recipe for participatory science• Smart-phone apps• Do it yourself, Ikea-style: build your own

buoy (or any other instrument)

Conclusions, open questions (1/2)

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

• What is the right scale for participatory science?• 500 m? Beach? Municipality? Region?

• How to engage a critical mass of citizens?• MPAs are especially suitable to engage

citizens in participatory science

• Role and priority of different elements of participatory science?• Technology, citizens' involvement, activities'

protocols, parameters to be collected

Conclusions, open questions (2/2)

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

http://www.citclops.eu/http://www.coastwatch.org/http://creekwatch.researchlabs.ibm.com/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/fw_riv/rv_main.htmlhttp://projectbaseline.orghttp://crowd.cs.umass.edu/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_sciencehttp://senseable.mit.edu/http://research.cens.ucla.edu/aquatic/http://www.secchidipin.org/http://www.earthobservations.org/geo_me_201211_geo9_ec.shtmlhttp://www.nurp.noaa.gov/Spotlight/Observatory.htmhttp://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/LEO/LEO15.htmlhttp://www.indiegogo.com/projects/uvindesir-the-tiny-uv-index-meter-for-

iphone-and-android

Resources

Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship

Luigi Ceccaroni (Barcelona Digital Technology Centre)Jaume Piera (ICM-CSIC)Carine Simon (ICM-CSIC)Laia Subirats (Barcelona Digital Technology Centre)Julia Busch (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg)Karin Dubsky (Coastwatch Europe)and the Citclops Consortium

3rd International Marine Protected Areas Congress, Marseille (France), October 22, 2013