Circulatory System Cornell Notes. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen (and sometimes carbon dioxide). White blood cells can destroy.

Circulatory System Cornell Notes

• Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen (and sometimes carbon dioxide).

• White blood cells can destroy many bacteria by engulfing them.

• Platelets are sticky fibers that help close wounds.

• Plasma is the liquid everything else is carried in.

What is blood made of?

What color is blood?

• Blood can be different shades of red.–Red blood cells

• It is never blue.– In textbooks, blue

means “high in carbon dioxide, low in oxygen”–Red means “high in

oxygen, low in carbon dioxide”

• Blood vessels act like a highway for the body

1.Carries carbon dioxide from cells

2.Carries oxygen to cells3.Carries glucose to cells4.Carries hormones—

chemicals we will discuss later— to different parts of the body

What is the purpose of blood?

• Arteries are usually high in oxygen since they carry blood away from the heart– Exception: pulmonary

arteries lead into the lungs

• Veins are usually high in carbon dioxide since they carry blood toward the heart– Exception: pulmonary veins

lead out of the lungs

How are arteries and veins different?

• Simple mnemonic device:–Ray’s R.V. went from L.A.

to L.V.

1.Venae Cavae 2.Right Atrium3.Right Ventricle4.Left Atrium5.Left Ventricle6.Aorta

How does blood travel through the heart?

• A system of valves keeps blood flowing in the correct direction.• When blood leaves

an atrium, a valve closes like a gate, so blood cannot move backwards.

Why does blood only move in one direction through the heart?

Nervous System Cornell Notes

What is the nervous system made of?

• The brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

• Nerves are bundles of neurons.–A neuron is a long cell.

What are the parts of a neuron?

• Cell body which contains a nucleus (eukaryote cell)

• Many Dendrites receive electrochemical signals called impulses

• Axon carries an impulse away from the cell body

• Axon endings contain neurotransmitter

• Myelin sheath keeps the impulse from leaving the cell’s membrane; keeps it moving in the direction toward the axon endings.

What is an impulse?

• An impulse is a signal started by neurotransmitters–It is like a chain

reaction.

How does an impulse

travel through a neuron?

How is an impulse sent to another

neuron?

• When the impulse reaches the axon endings:

1.Neurotransmitter is released into synapse

• Synapse: space between neurons

2.Neurotransmitter lands on receptors of nearby dendrites.

How do neurons create

sensations?

1. Sensory neurons in eyes/ears/nose/mouth/skin receive an impulse.

2. The impulse is sent to Interneurons in the Central Nervous System (CNS).–The CNS is made of

the brain and spinal cord.

How do neurons

move our muscles?

1. Interneurons in our CNS receive an impulse.

2. The impulse is sent to motor neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).– The PNS includes all the

nerves that carry messages to/from the CNS

3. The impulse is sent to a muscle cell (effector).

Which neurons are used during

thinking?

Choose one of the following:

a)Sensory neuronsb)Interneuronsc)Motor neurons

The correct answer is b.

What are the parts of the

PNS?

• The Somatic Nervous System sends impulses to and from skeletal muscles (neck, arms, fingers, legs, etc.)

• The Autonomic Nervous System sends impulses to and from your internal organs (heart, diaphragm, liver, kidneys, etc.)

Which neurons are used during a reflex?

1) a sensory neuron – OUCH! You touch a cactus

needle.

2) A spinal cord interneuron

— NOT a brain interneuron, because you don’t think about what to do next

3) a motor neuron– You move your hand away

quickly.

2.6 ParagraphThe urinary system

contains kidneys, which are made of nephrons. Humans have two kidneys. Their job is to filter blood. Each kidney is made of about one million nephrons. A nephron can filter out waste and make sure body fluids are balanced. This describes the role of kidneys and their basic units, nephrons.

4.10 ParagraphIn my study of abused

drugs, I learned about stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens. Stimulants increase the activity of the Central Nervous System and the sympathetic .…