CHP and Academic Facilities: overcoming challenges and finding ...€¦ · 16-04-2019 · CHP Additions by State (2013-2016) Slide prepared on 5-30-17 *This includes 91 expansions
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CHP and Academic Facilities:
overcoming challenges and
finding opportunities
Partners:
April 16, 2019
Thank you to our partners
Thank you to our partners
Speakers▪ Carlos Gamarra, P.E., CEM
Assistant DirectorSouthcentral CHP TAP
▪ Lance LindleyMechanical EngineerJacobs
▪ Jimmy Gresham, LEED GADirector of FacilitiesWesleyan University
Agenda
▪ CHP Overview
▪ CHP Markets and Trends
▪ CHP Lessons Learned by Jacobs
▪ Case Study: Wesleyan University
▪ Working with the CHP TAP to Assess Project Opportunity
▪ Q&A
CHP Markets and Trends
Carlos Gamarra, P.E.,CEM - Assistant Director SC CHP TAP
DOE CHP Deployment
Program Contactswww.energy.gov/CHPTAP
Tarla T. Toomer, Ph.D.CHP Deployment Manager
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy
U.S. Department of Energy
Tarla.Toomer@ee.doe.gov
Patti GarlandDOE CHP TAP Coordinator [contractor]
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy
U.S. Department of Energy
Patricia.Garland@ee.doe.gov
DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs)
DOE CHP Technical Assistance
Partnerships (CHP TAPs)• End User Engagement
Partner with strategic End Users to advance technical solutions using CHP as a cost effective and resilient way to ensure American competitiveness, utilize local fuels and enhance energy security. CHP TAPs offer fact-based, non-biased engineering support to manufacturing, commercial, institutional and federal facilities and campuses.
• Stakeholder EngagementEngage with strategic Stakeholders, including regulators, utilities, and policy makers, to identify and reduce the barriers to using CHP to advance regional efficiency, promote energy independence and enhance the nation’s resilient grid. CHP TAPs provide fact-based, non-biased education to advance sound CHP programs and policies.
• Technical ServicesAs leading experts in CHP (as well as microgrids, heat to power, and district energy) the CHP TAPs work with sites to screen for CHP opportunities as well as provide advanced services to maximize the economic impact and reduce the risk of CHP from initial CHP screening to installation.
www.energy.gov/chp
CHP Overview
CHP: A Key Part of Our Energy Future
▪ Form of Distributed Generation (DG)
▪ An integrated system
▪ Located at or near a building / facility
▪ Provides at least a portion of the electrical load and
▪ Uses thermal energy for:
o Space Heating / Cooling
o Process Heating / Cooling
o Dehumidification
CHP provides efficient, clean, reliable, affordable energy – today and for the
future.
Source: www.energy.gov/chp
CHP System Schematic
Prime MoverReciprocating Engines
Combustion Turbines
Microturbines
Steam Turbines
Fuel Cells
ORC turbine
ElectricityOn-Site Consumption
Sold to Utility
FuelNatural Gas
Propane
Biogas
Landfill Gas
Coal
Steam
Waste Products
Others
Generator
Heat Recovery
ThermalSteam
Hot Water
Space Heating
Process Heating
Space Cooling
Process Cooling
Refrigeration
Dehumidification
Common CHP Technologies and
Capacity Ranges
What Are the Benefits of CHP?
▪ CHP is more efficient than separate generation of electricity and heating/cooling
▪ Higher efficiency translates to lower operating costs (but requires capital investment)
▪ Higher efficiency reduces emissions of pollutants
▪ CHP can also increase energy reliability and enhance power quality
▪ Onsite energy generation can reduce grid congestion and avoid distribution costs
The State of CHP
Existing CHP Installations in the
U.S.
Slide prepared on 5-30-17
Total CHP by Application
Slide prepared on 5-30-17
Total CHP by State
CHP Additions by Application (2013-2016)
*This includes 91 expansions to existing CHP systems
Slide prepared on 5-30-17
CHP Additions by State (2013-2016)
Slide prepared on 5-30-17
*This includes 91 expansions to existing CHP systems
CHP Markets and
Trends
Total CHP Installations per Year
CHP Cumulative Capacity
per Year
Average Size of CHP
Installations per Year
Total CHP Installations - 2000 to 2016N
umbe
r of
Sit
es
Average Number of Installations per
Year by State - 2000 to 2016
CHP Activity in the
Southcentral Region
CHP by Prime Mover - Southcentral
Source: DOE CHP Installation Database (U.S. installations as of Dec. 31, 2016)
Prime Mover Type # of CHP Systems Capacity (MW)
Boiler/Steam Turbine 73 4,225
Combined Cycle 46 18,417
Combustion Turbine 59 3,065
Fuel Cell 1 0.3
Microturbine 4 4
Reciprocating Engine 39 106
Waste Heat to Power 8 69
Other 1 6
Total 231 25,892
Top Applications by CHP Capacity (MW)
- Southcentral
Top Applications Number of
Systems - Southcentral
Where are the Southcentral
Opportunities for Industrial CHP? (13,222 MW of CHP potential at 5,669 sites)
Where are the Southcentral
Opportunities for Commercial CHP? (10,637 MW of CHP Potential at 27,426 sites)
Where are the CHP Opportunities in
Texas? (14,062 MW of CHP Potential at 20,855 sites)
33JACOBS
COMBINED HEAT AND POWERLessons Learned from the Implementation of Projects Across the Country
Lance Lindley | Mechanical Engineer, Jacobs Energy & Power Solutions
34JACOBS 34
Background
• Perspective from:
– Successes
– Bumps and bruises
– Failures to launch
• Not a CHP 101 discussion
• Addressed toward privately-owned CHP, not utility side
• Names changed to protect the innocent
35JACOBS
Lesson #1CHP is not for everyone!
Industrial Enhanced Oil Recovery
20 MW CHP
36JACOBS 36
CHP is not for everyone
Big Idea
• Understand your project drivers
• Accept that the right answer might be:
– Yes!
– Maybe later
– No
– Never!
37JACOBS 37
CHP is not:
• A means to beat your utility at
their own game
• Always the cleanest form of
electricity
• A universal solution
• Fast, cheap or easy!
38JACOBS 38
CHP might be right when:
• Coincident thermal and electrical demands
• Consistent thermal demand baseline
• Electricity is expensive, fuel is cheap
• Resiliency is in play
• Financial and policy incentives exist
• Sustainability is a goal
– GHG goals
– Eliminate coal
39JACOBS
Lesson #2CHP projects require
intense due diligence!
The University of Texas at Austin
32 MW CHP
40JACOBS 40
CHP projects require intense due diligence
Big Idea
– EARLY is when to do
the project right
– Do your homework
– Ask the right
questions
– Consider every step of
development
– Be realistic with input
and results
41JACOBS 41
Invest in a rigorous and detailed study
• Detailed thermodynamic model
– Quality (hourly, metered) data
– Caution re: future projections
– Mindful of parasitic loads
– Explore and optimize:
• Economizers
• Inlet air cooling
• Condensate pre-heaters
• Low grade heat recovery
• Water usage
42JACOBS 42
Invest in a rigorous and detailed study
• Understand requirements of CFO & Finance
• Sensitivities
• Value for carbon/GHG?
• Full project cost– Construction
– Permitting
– Utility
interconnect
– Design
– Existing
conditions
– Permits
– Owner
contingency
– Commissioning
– Training
– Project
management
43JACOBS 43
Application
Case Study– University of Minnesota
• LCC Savings – $94M
• GHG Savings – 35,700 tons annually
Application– Understand financial metrics
necessary for approval
– Growing into a project is risky
– A screening study is a starting point, but additional due diligence warranted
44JACOBS
Lesson #3CHP projects take time. Lots of time.
Longer than you expect. Plus more.
University of Oklahoma
15 MW CHP
45JACOBS 45
CHP projects take time
Big Idea– Understand the steps of developing a CHP opportunity
– Have reasonable expectations
– Create schedule margin
– You are not always in control
46JACOBS 46
Application
Case Studies
Application– EPA permitting = 9-12 months
– ISO permitting = 9-24 months (before paralleling)
– Equipment procurement = 12+ months
– Set realistic expectations for all stakeholders
– Time = $$$
– Beware of project fatigue
47JACOBS 47
Steps in Development
IdeaApproval
Design
Construction
Closeout
48JACOBS
Lesson #4Consider safety in design
and operations.
Texas A&M University
43.5 MW CHP
49JACOBS 49
Plant safety
Big Idea
– Take safety seriously
– Safety is a cultural topic
– Take a leadership role
OSHA Guidance
– 29 CFR 1910.269
– 29 CFR 1926 Subpart V
50JACOBS 50
Design tips
Safety Hazards in a Power Plant– Electrical safety
– Machine safety
– Working at elevation
– Excavation work
– Lifting operations
– Confined spaces
– Chemical hazards
– High temperature piping and ductwork
– Vehicle movement
– Control of contractors
51JACOBS
Lesson #5CHP plants don’t have to be ugly.
But don’t make them pretty first.
University of California Santa Cruz
5 MW CHP
52JACOBS 52
Plant Aesthetics
Big Idea
– Design from inside to out
– The engineer gets to drive!
– PFDs yield systems to plan
around
– Consider O&M and traffic flow
– Plan around noise, drift and
emissions
53JACOBS
Parting Shots:6. Natural gas compressors.
You don’t want one.
7. Project delivery; choose wisely.
8. Permitting: Go local, start early.
9. Startup is not automatic, give it time and have understanding
Oregon State University
6.5 MW CHP
Blue + Gold = Green.
A Utility Reduction ProgramReview of Multi-Year Capital Improvement Plan that is Focused on Sustainability.
By: Jimmy Gresham, Director of Facilities Operations
Texas Wesleyan University
Project Goals
• Realize operating utility cost reductions
• Minimize impact on future fluctuations in utility costs
• Address a large portion of deferred maintenance
• Improve security, comfort, lighting, and aesthetics
• Create new infrastructure capacity and redundancy
• Maximize utility incentives to enhance projects
• Reputation & Engagement
Distribution of Campus Utilities
• Extension of CHW & HW piping to McFadden Sci.
Center & Martin Hall
• Replacement of CHW & HW valves
• Removal of tertiary bldg. pumps
• Replacement of primary pumps & installation of
redundant systems
• Air and Water balancing
• Modifications to main electrical switchgear
Utility Generation and Mechanical System
Upgrades
• Installed a natural gas fired 800kW Combined Heat &
Power (CHP) system
• Additional 250 tons of cooling capacity through an
absorption chiller with additional cooling tower
• New plate and frame heat exchanger
• New boilers with redundant systems
• Replacement of variable frequency drives (VFD’s) on
all large air handlers and motors
• Equipment re-commissioning
Water & Power Conservation
• Replaced 1,290 plumbing fixtures including: toilets,
urinals, faucets, and showerheads
• All irrigation systems are centrally monitored and
adjusted for optimal conservation
• Upgraded 1,559 interior and exterior lighting fixtures
with LED fixtures
• Reduced computer power consumption with a comp.
load management tool
• Improved Building Automation Controls (BAS)
installed in 16 Bldgs.
Operation & Maintenance
• Learning curve for technicians, absorption chiller and
generator
• Attend generator manufacturer training
• Utilize service contract for scheduled maintenance
• Log daily similar to a chiller
• Staff preformed maintenance
• Oil changes
• Spark plug changes
• Coolant changes/purging
• Review controls making changes as needed
Sustainability & Energy Management
• 2017 Recipient of Energy Solutions Center’s (ESC) Partnership
Award for Innovative Energy Solutions
• The Partnership Award is an honor reserved for those energy users that
have worked with their energy utility system to implement an innovative,
energy-efficient natural gas strategy or solution.
• 2016 Recipient of Fort Worth’s Smart Water Conservations
Partner Award
• In recognition of our commitment to achieve and maintain water efficiency
in operations, through process refinement & fixture retrofits.
• Presentation of Program Implementation at: 2017 TAPPA Annual
Conference & 2016 IDEA Campus Energy Conference
• Project coverage in the Fort Worth Star Telegram & Fort Worth
Business Press
Looking Ahead
• Expand CP’s utility distribution to University’s
residence halls and dinning facility
• Maximize CHP’s capabilities for power, CHW, & HW
production
Working with the
CHP TAP to Assess
Project Opportunity
CHP TAP Role: Technical Assistance
▪ High level assessment to determine if site shows potential for a CHP project
◦ Qualitative Analysis– Energy Consumption & Costs
– Estimated Energy Savings & Payback
– CHP System Sizing
◦ Quantitative Analysis– Understanding project drivers
– Understanding site peculiarities
DOE TAP CHP Screening AnalysisAnnual Energy Consumption
Base Case CHP Case
Purchased Electricty, kWh 88,250,160 5,534,150
Generated Electricity, kWh 0 82,716,010
On-site Thermal, MMBtu 426,000 18,872
CHP Thermal, MMBtu 0 407,128
Boiler Fuel, MMBtu 532,500 23,590
CHP Fuel, MMBtu 0 969,845
Total Fuel, MMBtu 532,500 993,435
Annual Operating Costs
Purchased Electricity, $ $7,060,013 $1,104,460
Standby Power, $ $0 $0
On-site Thermal Fuel, $ $3,195,000 $141,539
CHP Fuel, $ $0 $5,819,071
Incremental O&M, $ $0 $744,444
Total Operating Costs, $ $10,255,013 $7,809,514
Simple Payback
Annual Operating Savings, $ $2,445,499
Total Installed Costs, $/kW $1,400
Total Installed Costs, $/k $12,990,000
Simple Payback, Years 5.3
Operating Costs to Generate
Fuel Costs, $/kWh $0.070
Thermal Credit, $/kWh ($0.037)
Incremental O&M, $/kWh $0.009
Total Operating Costs to Generate, $/kWh $0.042
▪ Do you pay more than $.06/kWh on average for
electricity (including generation, transmission and distribution)?
▪ Are you concerned about the impact of current or future energy
costs
on your operations?
▪ Are you concerned about power reliability?
What if the power goes out for 5 minutes… for 1 hour?
▪ Does your facility operate for more than 3,000 hours per year?
▪ Do you have thermal loads throughout the year?
(including steam, hot water, chilled water, hot air, etc.)
Screening Questions
▪ Does your facility have an existing central plant?
▪ Do you expect to replace, upgrade, or retrofit central plant equipment within the next 3-5 years?
▪ Do you anticipate a facility expansion or new construction project within the next 3-5 years?
▪ Have you already implemented energy efficiency measures and still have high energy costs?
▪ Are you interested in reducing your facility's impact on the environment?
▪ Do you have access to on-site or nearby biomass resources? (i.e., landfill gas, farm manure, food processing waste, etc.)
Screening Questions (cont.)
CHP Project Resources
Good Primer Report DOE CHP Technologies
Fact Sheet Series
www.eere.energy.gov/chpwww.energy.gov/chp-technologies
CHP Project Resources
DOE CHP Installation Database
(List of all known
CHP systems in U.S.)
Low-Cost CHP Screening and Other Technical Assistance from
the CHP TAP
energy.gov/chp-installs
energy.gov/CHPTAP
71
CHP Project Resources
DOE Project Profile Database
energy.gov/chp-projects
EPA dCHPP (CHP Policies and Incentives Database
https://www.epa.gov/chp/dchpp-
chp-policies-and-incentives-
database
Summary▪ CHP gets the most out of a fuel source, enabling
◦ High overall utilization efficiencies
◦ Reduced environmental footprint
◦ Reduced operating costs
▪ CHP can be used in different strategies, including critical infrastructure resiliency and emergency planning
▪ Proven technologies are commercially available and cover a full range of sizes and applications
Questions?
▪ Carlos Gamarra, P.E., CEMAssistant DirectorSouthcentral CHP TAPcgamarra@harcresearch.org
▪ Lance LindleyMechanical EngineerJacobsLance.Lindley@jacobs.com
▪ Jimmy Gresham, LEED GADirector of FacilitiesWesleyan Universityjgresham@txwes.edu
Thank you
Slides and recording will be shared this same week
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