Transcript
Chlor-Alkali Process
Quick Brief
Chemical Industry✘ A complex of processes,
operations, and organizations engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives.
Chemical Process✘ A method intended to be used in
manufacturing to change the composition of chemicals or materials.
Chlor-alkali Process
DefinitionThe chlor-alkali process is an industrial process for the electrolysis of NaCl.
EtymologyThe term chlor-alkali refers to the two chemicals (chlorine and an alkali) which are produced as a result of the process
Raw MaterialsBrine ( Saturated Solution of Water and Salt NaCl )
Base Reaction2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 +
H2
History
The beginning was with the reaction of HCl with MnO2 to produce Cl2 and NaOH. The procedure was inefficient, and its commercial application was short-lived.A process introduced about 1868 was based on the reaction of atmospheric oxygen with HCl, which was available as a by-product of the Leblanc process for making NaCO3.
When the Leblanc process became obsolete, the process fell into disuse.
History
The first patent for electrolyzing brine was granted in England in 1851 to Charles Watt
✘ The products mixed and reacted together.
In 1892 Hamilton Castner solved the mixing problem with the invention of the mercury cell
History
In 1895, The Castner-Kellner Alkali Company was found, which built plants employing the process throughout Europe.
The mercury cell process continues in use to this day.
Mercury Cell
Membrane Cell
Diaphragm Cell
Huntington WTW Electro chlorination Plant
Membrane60%
Mercury23%
Diaphragm14%
Joint Process3%
Production Methods Used in Europe as of 2014
Membrane Mercury Diapragm Joint Process
Uses of Chlorine
• Manufacture of Polymers• Pesticides• Antiseptic Agent• Hydrochloric Acid
Uses of Hydrogen
• Reducing Agent in Metallurgy• Weather Balloons• Fuel
Uses of Sodium Hydroxide
• Soap• Chemical Reagent• Paper Industry• Water Treatment
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References
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Credits
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