Chicago Studio Spring 2014 - John Sturniolo
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Chicago StudioSpring 2014
John Anthony SturnioloCollege of Architecture and Urban Studies
Virginia Tech
Special thanks goes out to Program Director Andrew Balster, Von Weise Associates, GREC, CannonDesign, SOM and many others for hosting, teaching, instructing, and supporting the students of Virginia Tech.
Contents
Urban Mapping
Professional PracticeInterviewsLectures
Chicago StudioConjecturesRedmoon
Photography
page 8
page 30page 42
page 68page 76
page 102
Urban MappingSustainabilityAccessibility
DiversityOpen SpaceCompatibility
IncentivesAdaptability
DensityIdentity
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Principle #1: SustainabilityHeather RosenMaru Padilla
ThefirstprincipleofthebookCityBuilding:NinePlanningPrinciplesforthe21stCenturyissustainability.Itischosentoheadthelistbecauseitisanoverarchingprinciplewhichimpactsalltheothers.Itiscrucialforurbanplannerstoconsiderthesustainabilityofaprojectthroughouttheentiredesignprocess.Theprincipleofsustainabilitydoesnotonlyrefertoenvironmentalfactors,butincludessocialandeconomicissues.Sustainabilityisaholisticdesignapproach. Sustainableurbanplanningcanbebrokendownintotwomainefforts:conservationofthenaturalenvironmentandsmartcitybuilding.Thenaturalenvironmentneedstobecarefullyconsideredwheneverdesigningacity.Itisimportanttocalculatetheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityoftheland,managethelanduseinanarea,maintaincleanairandwater,conserveopennaturalspace,anduselocalresources.Thebuiltenvironmentmustalsobeconstructedinasmartway.Strategicplansincludeusingenergyefficientsystems,makingdensedevelopments,implementingefficientinfrastructure,andutilizinglocalbuildingmaterials. Designingandbuildingdensecitiesisacriticalsteptowardsachievingsustainability.Densedevelopmentsallowformaximumconservationofnaturallandscapeandresultsinmorelivablespaces.Inordertorealizethiscondition,thereneedstobecooperationandcollaborationbetweenregionalandlocalgovernments.Thesegroupsworkingtogethercanimplementzoningandlandusepolicies,inter-citytransitinfrastructure,economicsufficiencyplans,andbuildingcodestandards.Combiningtheseelementswillresultintheplanningofeconomically,socially,andenvironmentallysustainablecities.
BUILD-ING A CITY
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Plannedvs.Unplanned
Densityvs.Sprawl
GuidingPopulations
IntercityTransit
EnergyEfficientMaterials
UrbanInfill
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Principle #2: AccessibilityKelsey DressingAndrew Economou
Accessibilityisaboutfacilitatingeaseofmovementandmaximizingcirculation.Inordertodesignamoreaccessiblecity,oneofthemostimportantaspectstoconsideristheconcentrationofdensitywithinanefficienttransitnetwork.Compactdevelopmentscanaidinreducingtraveltime,discouragingautomobileuseandencouragingwalkability.Byconnectingconcentratedpedestrian-friendlydestinationswithmasstransitsystems,theuseofcarsisreduced.Inordertobetterservethepedestrian,breakingdownlargeareasintosmallblocksandstreetscanprovidesaferandeasiercrossings,whilealsogivingtheroadsystemredundancy.Ifabreakdownoccurs,parallelroutescanprovidetrafficalternatives.Whendesigningtransitsystems,havingtheabilitytohandlemultiplemodesoftransportisbeneficial. Transportation,circulationandaccesscorridorsshouldbeconsideredwhendesigningacity.Settingasideareasaslandreservesforfuturetransportationusecanpreventpossibledemolitionofbuildings.Transitcorridorsshouldbelocatedattheboundariesofdistrictswithoutblockingimportantviewstocreatemorewalkableareas.Byreducingthesizeandradiusofturns,trafficisforcedtoslowdown,whichmakestheareasaferforpedestrians.Anotherwaytoincreasepedestriancomfortistoconsiderthestreettypesanddesigntreatments.Widersidewalks,designatedmasstransit,automobile,andbikelines,andlandscapetreatmentscanallworktogethertocreateamorepedestrian-friendlyarea.Inconclusion,consideringtheneedsofpedestriansandtransitrequirementsindesigncanleadtoamoreaccessiblecity.
MultipleModesofTransportation
EASE OF MOVEMENTMULTIPLE MODES
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SmallBlocks&Streets
ConcentratedDestinations
Geometry&Scale
EASE OF MOVEMENTCONCENTRATED DESTINATIONS
EASE OF MOVEMENTSMALL BLOCKS AND STREETS
CIRCULATIONGEOMETRY & SCALE
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Principle #3: DiversityAnna Knowles-BagwellAaron Williams
REDUCING SPRAWLMIXED USE
Diversificationofaplaceoccurswithintwomaincategories;thebuiltenvironmentandtheresidents.Thebuiltenvironmentcanbevariedthroughtheconservationofnaturallandscapesorsignificanthistoricbuildings,allowingforthecharacterofaplacetodevelopovertimeandauthenticallyreflectitshistory.Whendevelopingnewstructures,designvariationisimportantbecauseithelpstoincreasevisualvariety.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbybreakinglargerparcelsoflandintosmallerparcelsandallowingdifferentdesignapproachestotakeplace.Designvariationmaybeinfluencedbyzoninglaws,whichovertimevarybuildingstock,orbysimplyallowingmultipledesignlanguagestobeimplemented.Thesestrategiescombinetocreateanurbanlandscapewhichisvisuallydynamicandrepresentativeofthepeoplewhoinhabitit.However,simplycreatinganinterestinganddiversebuildingstockisnotenoughtokeeppeoplelivingandthrivinginanarea. Mixedusecanbeusedastheumbrellastrategyfordiversifyingtheculturalelementswhichdrawpeopletoaplace,allowingthemtofindtheirnicheandstaythere.Inthiscase,mixedusemeansmorethanjustvariationintheamenitiesandprogramofadevelopment.Instead,itincorporatesalargerscaleofthinking,includingaccessibletransitandpracticalproximitybetweenamenities.Thisconceptofimmediacyreducestheamountofsprawl,creatingcommunitieswhichareoverallmoreviableforresidents.Itisalsoimportanttoretainmultiplelevelsofaffordabilitywithinamixedusedevelopment,thusmaintainingeconomicdiversityandcombattingsocialstratification.Whenalloftheseelementsarebroughttogether,incombinationwithotherprovenurbanstrategies,theresultisaplacewhichisrichincharacteraswellasvisualandintellectualinterest.
MixedUseToReduceUrbanSprawl
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CONSERVATIONVISUAL VARIETY
+ =
AVOIDING SAMENESSSMALL PARCELS
OptimizingAdjacencyBetweenUses
MultipleVoicesWithinADevelopment
ConservationOfHistoricStructures
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Principle #4: Open SpaceBryce BeckwithAdrienne Milner
Thepresenceofopenspacewithinanurbanenvironmentisimperativeforreasonspertainingtohumanhealth,naturalhabitats,andthequalityoflivingenvironment. Openspaceshouldtakeintoaccountthepreexistinghabitatandnaturalsystems.Whendesigninglargeopenspacessurroundingwildlife,migrationcorridorsshouldbepreserved.Thegroundplaneneedstoremainporoustoaccommodatewatershedsthatoftenexistsurroundingfloodplains,rivers,anddrainagecorridors.Theisolationofparkspacesshoulddistancehabitatfromhumancontact,creatingvariousspacesofsensitivitytonaturalhabitats. Recreationandurbanlandscapeisanimportanttypeofopenspaceforthehealthandqualityoflifewithindenselivingconditions.Openspaceintendedforrecreationaluseandhumanactivitiesshouldbeprogrammedaccordingly.Theurbanlandscapeshouldcontaingreenspaces forenvironmentalpurposesthatimprovethequalityoflifesuchascoolingair,filteringpollutedrunoff,andabsorbingcarbondioxide.Variousscalesofopenspacesshouldbedistributedwithinanurbanfabricinaccordancetoeasyaccessibility. Lastly,openspaceisacrucialelementofanybuiltenvironmentforthevisualandspatialreliefthatitoffers.Conservingman-madeandnaturallandscapesuchashills,rivers,parks,andskylightstrengthenscontextualcharacteristics.Viewsshouldbepreserved,providingvisualrelieffromthebuiltenvironment,andhighlightinglandscapedcontextualcharacteristics.Physicalconnectiontothesepreservedviewsareimportantasitcreatesareleasefromcitiesandpreventstheapplicabilityoftheislandeffectonthebuiltenvironment.
INDUSTRIALProgrammedopenspacesforhumanactivitiesversusopenspacesthataccommodateindustrialandinfrastructuralneeds.
INDUSTRIALINFRASTRUCTURAL
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TOP:Largeopenspacesforhabitatandnaturalsystemssuchaswaterrunoffandwatersheds.MIDDLE:Differentscalesofopenparkspacesforrecreationinproximitytolivingareas.BOTTOM:Denselivingconditionssurroundopenspacecreatingislandsthatisolatewildlife.
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
QUNLI PARK, CHINA
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Principle #5: CompatibilityIsaac CurreyLindsey Currey
In deciding whether buildings are to stand out or fit in, the principle [of compatibility] suggests that elements of similarity are just as important in establishing a recognizable, identifiable sense of place as elements of singularity. Throughouttheprocessofdesign,contextshouldconstantlyinfluenceaproject.Thismeanscheckingtheproposalagainstcurrentconditions,andlookingatitasapartofthewholeofthecity.Designersshouldreferencenotonlythesurroundingurbanlandscapeoftoday,butalsothecityshistoricalcontext.Inaddition,designersshouldtrytoaccountforfutureconditions,evenpostulateastowhatchangestheirprojectmightsparkintheurbanfabric. Attheresolutionofindividualbuildings,scaleisamajorfactorinestablishingcompatibility.Parcelsize,aswellasheightandsetbackscanberegulatedtoformanurbanconsensus.However,allowancesshouldbemadeforsomevariation,interestandrelief.Ifdesired,aheightdifferenceofuptotwotimescancreatealandmarkbuilding,butanythingmuchabovethatwillseemoutofplaceandfreakish.Likewise,overlargeparcelsizesbreakthecontinuityofthecity.
A building should be respectful of its surroundings and of its time. Beyondscale,designersareconfrontedwiththetemporalmatterofstyle.Inmanyways,thebuiltenvironmentisavisualtimelineofhistory.Everyarchitectorplannerofanewprojecthastoaskthemselveshowmuchtheywanttoreferenceandreflectthecontext,respect[the]surroundings,andhowmuchdotheywanttodeviate,inordertobeof[the]time?Howshouldthecharacterofthebuildingsitinthistimeline?Thesequestionsareansweredprimarilythroughdecisionsofmaterialanddetailing,colorandhistoricalpreservation. Compatibilityisaboutthebroadersenseofplace;aboutbothsimilarityanddifference.Seekingtorespecttheexistingcharacterandqualitiesofasite,compatibilityindesignmakeswayforthevaluesoftodayandthepossibilitiesofthefuture.
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Principle #6:IncentivesPatrick McMinnJohn Sturniolo
Incentivesforexpandingorbuildingacitygenerallyfocusonareasthathaveunderusedland,infrastructureorbuildings,suchasspacesthatareineconomicdeclineorbrownfields.Thisdevelopmentiscommonlycarriedoutbygovernmentalorprivateorganizationstofacilitatefurtherinvestment.Themostcommonincentivesare:taxreductions;subsidiesforlandcosts;siteassemblyandpreparation;newinfrastructurefortransportationandutilizes;healthcare,education,andpublicsafetyservices;openspaceandlandscapebeautification;andadditionaldensityallowances.Agrowing,livablecityisanattractionfortalentedindividualswhointurnwillacceleratethesuccessandexpansionofthecitylifeandattractivespaces.Thisdevelopprocessisfound,planned,anddefinedthroughmasterplanningandinfrastructureimprovement.Themasterplanprovidesastrategicapproachforattractingnewinvestments,citygrowthanddevelopment,andadefinedfocusforthefutureofthecity.Themasterplanisdesignedarounddevelopmentquality,beautification,andvalueenhancement.DevelopmentQualityfocusesoncirculation,openspaces,andphasesofbuildingconstructionasaframeworkforpotentialinvestors.LandscapeBeautificationofstreets,parks,andwaterfrontsareoneofthemainmethodsofattractinginvestmentstoaparticulararea.ValueEnhancementconsolidatesexistinglandparcelsandaddsadditionaldensitytotheplotwhichinturnaddsfurthervaluetotheproperty.Theseconddirectionforcitydevelopmentisthroughinfrastructureimprovements,whicharedonethroughaccessimprovementsandthecreationofpublicfacilities.Byimprovingtheinfrastructureofaspacetofacilitatetheeaseofaccessintothoseareas,transitorienteddevelopmentfollowstheseconstructs;malls,restaurants,hotels,andotherlikefacilitiesbeingcommonlyfoundnearamajoraccesspointsuchasasubwaystation.Thiscanbeaccomplishedthroughtransitandstreetredesign,newbicyclepaths,pedestrianwalkways,parking,andotheraccessimprovements.Thecreationofpublicfacilitiessuchasairports,conventioncenter,ballparks,museums,performancehalls,culturalandeducationalfacilitiesallcreatenewjobsanddrawinvisitorsandeconomicrevenue.Thesefacilitiescanalsoaddvalueandrevenuetooneanother,suchasanewconventioncenterattractingnewhotelswhichattractsnewrestaurantsandentertainmentvenues.
SOCIALCENTER
SCHOOLRESIDENTIAL
MAINTRANSITAXIS
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UNUSEDDEVELOPMENTRIGHTSTRANSFERRED
HISTORICBUILDINGPRESERVED
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Principle #7: AdaptabilityRachel MontagueGregory Dalfonzo
Adaptability,asframedbyKriken,isfocusedonthegoalofcreatingcitiesthatareflexibleovertime.Moreflexibilityenablesdesignerstoconserveresourcesandhistoryasacityages.Designersareexpectedtotakeintoaccounttheneedsofaprogressiveurbanlandscape,whilemaintainingthevibrancyofthebuiltenvironment.The mainpointsofadaptabilityarecentralizedexpansion,smallermodules,conservationofopenspace,andviabilityofcommunities.Allofthesetopicsoverlapintheireffectsandintentions,developingabalancebetweenadaptationandinnovation. Centralizedexpansionsupportsanefficientandunderstandablecityscape.Bymaintainingfocalzonesofestablishedareas,boththesenseofincompletenessanddebrisfromnewconstructionareseparatedfromdailylife.Thefinishedcenterservesasanorientationdeviceforvisitors. Planningwithsmallerparcelsoflandencouragesthemostefficientuseofvaluablespacethatcentersonthepedestrian.Parcelscanbecombinedtocreatedistinctprogrammaticgroupingsthatcanlaterbereallocatedasuseschange.Ahighdegreeofwalkability,supportedbymaintainingaccessiblewalkwaysthroughlargerbuildings,connectsthesedisparateelementsofthecityandsupportscollaboration. Openspaceisapreciouscommodityinthecity.Forurbandwellerstoreceiveashareofwind,sun,view,andgreenspaces,citiesmustprioritizethemaintenanceanddevelopmentofflexibleopenspaces. The economicsofthecityaresuchthatthesupportingelementsofdailylifemustbeintegratedintoeverycommunity.Shops,gyms,residences,andbusinessescanbedevelopedinamutuallysupportiveway.Theviabilityofcommunitiesalsoreliesonsimplespatialdecisions.Engagingthestreetandpedestriansresultsinamorecomprehensiveuseofbuildings,whichcansupportachangeinprogramlaterintime. Mostofthemovesthatsupportadaptabilityarecommonsense,buttheyarealsooftenoverlooked,asdesignersseektodeveloptheirpersonalideas.Whiletheexpressionofconceptisimportantinthesuccessofadesign,theawarenessofandengagementwithmoregeneralissuesisjustascrucial.Adaptabilitywillmakeanydesignmuchmorevaluable,especiallyascitiesbecomemorecrowdedandadaptivereusebecomesmandatory.
60s 00s90s80s70s
DIRECTION OF EXPANSION
MIX ADDRENOVATEREUSEADAPT
PRINCIPLE SEVEN: ADAPTABILITYBENEFITS
DIRECTION OF EXPANSION
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VACANTLOTS
INCOMPLETEINCOMPLETENEIGHBORHOOD
OPEN SPACE
COMPLETECORE
PLANNEDEXPANSION
PERMANENT OPEN SPACE
SCALED CITY PLANNINGPARK
DEVELOPMENTSDEVELOPMENTS
PERMANENT OPEN SPACE
SCALED CITY PLANNINGPARK
General Practice Optimal Practice
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Principle #8: DensityEthan BingemanAlec Yuzhbabenko
Densityisdefinedbythenumberofpeoplelivingorworkingonagivenunitofland.Itvariesbasedonmanyfactors,butcultureisthemostinfluential.Developingcountriestendtohaveadensityofabout100squarefeetperfamilywhilemoredevelopedcountrieshaveabout1,000squarefeetforevery2people.Anotherdeterminantofdensityistheterraininthelocationofaplace.Mountains,rivers,oceansandothernaturalboundariesimposelimitsanddictatetheurbanfabric. Whendealingwithcitydesign,therearethreeelementstoconsiderinanefforttoachievealivablecity: +Integratingtransitwithshopping,business,andentertainmentwithresidentialareastosupportefficienttransitandencouragewalking. +Asuggesteddensityof300dwellingsperacretomaximizeviews,sunlight,andadequateopenspace. +Establishingamenities(recreational,cultural,andsupportiveservices)toactivatethestreetatalltimes. Implementingtheseelements,higherdensity,mixed-usecorridorsconnectareasbymeansofpublictransportation.Strengtheningneighborhoodsprovideabaseforthedensitytoform.Protectinglandmarks,parks,andindustrialareas,whichareessentialtoacityandneighborhoodcharacter,bringeconomicbenefitforthedensitytothrive.Lastly,expandingopenspacesbeginstomakethehigherdensitymoreenjoyableforresidents. Sprawlingdevelopmentdestroysirreplaceableland,wastesenergyandinfrastructure,andcausesmillionsofhourslostincommutes.Throughtransitorienteddevelopment,carefulplanning,andprovidingadequateamenities,thesedensitiesaresustainable,livable,andachievable.
S ARCH
ER AVE S STATE ST
CERMAK RD
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S INDIANA AVE
S MICHIGAN AVE
S WABASH AVE
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S WENTW
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S WENTW
ORTH AVE
S PRINCETON AVE
S STATE ST
S PRARIE AVE
S INDIANA AVE
S MICHIGAN AVE
S WABASH AVE
S CLARK ST
S WOLCOTT AVE
S DAMEN AVE
S WOOD ST
S ASHLAND AVE
S LAFLIN ST
S LOOMIS ST
S THROOP ST
S RACINE AVE
S MAY ST
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S MORGAN ST
S PEORIA ST
S HALSTEAD ST
S JEFFERSON ST
S CANAL ST
S ALLPORT ST
S WOLCOTT AVE
S DAMEN AVE
S WOOD ST
S PAULINA ST
S ASHLAND AVE
S LAFLIN ST
S LOOMIS ST
S THROOP ST
S RACINE AVE
S MAY ST
S CARPENTER ST
S MORGAN ST
S PEORIA ST
S HALSTEAD ST
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CERMAK RDCERMAK RDCERMAK RDCERMAK RD
W COUL
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SLAND A
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S BL
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CERMAK RDCERMAK RDCERMAK RD
S CALUMET AVE
S PRARIE AVE
S INDIANA AVES INDIANA AVES INDIANA AVE
S MICHIGAN AVE
S WABASH AVE
S STATE STS STATE ST
S PRARIE AVE
S INDIANA AVES INDIANA AVE
S MICHIGAN AVE
S WABASH AVE
S CLARK ST
S ASHLAND AVE
S PAULINA ST
S ASHLAND AVE
S LAFLIN ST
S LOOMIS ST
S THROOP ST
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S MAY ST
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S PRINCETON AVE
CERMAK RD
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FINANCIAL DISTRICT FINANCIAL DISTRICT
RESIDENTIAL
Infrastructure
FinancialDistricts
EstablishGrid GreenSpace
SensibleGrowth
EstablishNeighborhoods
CityFabric
BrownfieldSites
ResidentialDistricts
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Principle #9: IdentityErin YoungCatherine Ives
Identityiscreatingandpreservingauniqueandmemorablesenseofplace.Theprimarysourcesthroughwhichcitiesachieveidentityarenaturalfeatures,climate,culture,anddesign.Becauseeachoneoftheseelementscanvary,itgivesuniquenesstocitiesbecauseoftheinfinitecombinations.Thegreatestchallengeformoderncitybuildersisdesigningfast-growing,yetlivablecities.Suchfastdevelopmentcanhinderbuildersfromrecognizingandutilizingattributesofaspecificcity,causingtheseelementstonothavetimetodevelopintorichanddeepideas. Ontheotherhand,genericcomponentsofacitycanstitchtogethertheurbanfabricinanotherwisedenseareawithtoomanyvariables.Thegenericthenbecomesthebackgroundforspecificlandmarksandculturestodevelopasenseofplace. Agoodcitymustinvolvethepublicinteresttoprotectandenhancethecitysuniquenessovertheprivateinterestthatthreatenit.However,thedevelopmentofidentitycanbeinhibitedbyconflictinginterests,suchastoomanymonumentaliconsthatdontrespecttheirexistingcontext. Establishingidentitywithinacityisdifficultandcanbefacedwithmanychallenges.Manyoftheissuesarecommonamongcities,suchasenvironmentalsameness,repetitionofelements,placesthatarehardtocomprehend,asenseofbeinglost,andalackofnaturalfeatures. Byutilizingexistingconditionsandrecognizingacityspotential,itispossibletocreateasenseofidentity.
Balancebetweengenericandunique
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Issues:environmentalsameness,repetitionofelements,placesthatarehard tocomprehend /senseofbeing lost, and lackof naturalfeatures
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Pilsen
Industrial Corridor
Chinatown
Cermak Rd
18th St
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Pilsen
Industrial Corridor
Chinatown
Cermak Rd
18th St
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ThediagramonthepreviouspagereflectsthegeneralconditionslocatedaroundRedmoonTheater, situated on the corner ofCermakRoad andSouth JeffersonStreet. The nearbyneighborhoods includePilsen,theIndustrialCorridor,andChinatown.Intermsofaccessibilityandinfrastructure,themainpointsofaccessarealongCermakRoadandSouthHalstedStreet,whichisclearlylimitingtothesurroundingarea.ThereisaRedLineStopinChinatowntotheEast,aGreenlinestoponHalstedtotheNorth,andPinkLinestopstothefarWestinPilsen.Thepointbeing,thattheexistinginfrastructureoftheareadoesnot immediatelysupportthegrowthofthearea.Thereisonlyacoupleavailablebusroutesthroughthearea,thestreetsarenotnecessarilybikefriend,andwalkingispossible,butnotcompletelysupportedbytheexistingconditions.ThereisnotaneaseofaccessintoplacessuchasRedmoonwithoutwalkingforseveralblocks(sometimesthroughquestionableareas)orhavingaprivatecartogetaround.Inshort,theinfrastructureislackingonvariousbasis. ThesurroundingenvironmentaroundRedmooncouldbedescribedasthegeneratedsprawlfromtheclusterdevelopmentsinChinatownandPilsen.However,thisalsohasamoreprogrammatic importance.Theclustereddevelopments inPilsenandChinatownare largelyresidentialhomesandsmallercommercialbusinesses,whileintheoutwardsprawl, industrialbuildings,highdensityhousing,andanassortmentofcommunity-focusedbuildingscanbefound.Insomeways,thisurbanplanningbasisiscompletelyintentional,byhavingaculture-heavycommunityclusteredaway frommain transitaccesspoint itallowsthatcommunity tobecomean island in itself, thuspreservingtheheritageof those individuals. Thateffecthaspositiveandnegativeconsequences in termsof its futuredevelopment. Ononehand,asalreadystated,theculturewillremainmoreintactinthoseareasandindividualstherewillhavemorechoiceoverthefuturedevelopmentoftheirneighborhoods.However,thatmeansthattheinwardgrowthofthoseneighborhoodsisdependentonanincreaseoflike-culturedindividualscontinuing tomove into thoseareas. Also, it ismuchharder to imposenewdevelopmentandstrategicplanningthroughcreatingafocalpointtodrawothersinandcreatingeconomicgrowth; that theeconomics thatgo through that areaare individualswho live therealreadyor individualswhogo to thoseareas forspecific intent. Creatingan islandeffectessentiallyeliminatesthewholebigflashinglightsmentalitytodrawinnewbusinessesandrevenue. In termsof future improvement, Ibelieve that there issomecriticalpoints thatcanbeaddressed to improve theCermakCorridor. Primarily, the largestpointof interestwouldbeimprovingtheexistinginfrastructure,allowingforcloseraccesspointswiththeLtrainsystem,improvingthebustransitnetworkthroughoutthearea,andallowingfortheusageofbikelinesandbikesharing.However,thisalmostmeanscreatedastrongerpointof interesttocreateincentivesfortheseareas.Thiscouldmeanadaptingexistingprogrambuildingsforotherusesandrestructuringthearrangementofsomeofthevastundevelopedspacesfornewbusinessandhousing.Thebiggestquestionofallthispotentialredevelopment,however, isshoulditbedone?PilsenandChinatowndohaveidentitiesthatneedtobepreservedandanysortofmasschangingoftheexistingsystemdependslargelyonthesuccessofpreservingthethoseareas,orifthoseareasneedchangeatallinthefirstplace.
Professional PracticeInterviews
Winn ChenJohn JandaCarl D SilvaHayes Brister
Taylor MckinleyLuis MonterrubioChip von Weise
Profes
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Role:Architect1,B;entry-levelarchitecturalstaff,taskedforavarietyofthingsonaproject;project-to-projectbasisresponsibilities;model-making,constructiondocuments,development,etc.;Signifyinghowmanyyearsofexperience,2.5yearscurrently CurrentlyaBIMManagerforprimaryproject Evaluations:technicallyhasasupervisorwhoconductshisreview,buttheproject
team andpeersreallydotheevaluation,beingshuffledfromteamtoteam;individualsinthehierarchyvary Nobodyintheprojectisoverlyspecializedonwhattheyaredoingday-to-day,unless
theyaretheprojectmanagerorsomethingsimilar;everydayisalittledifferent,dependsonwhatneedstobedone Forthemostofthetime,workingonasingleproject,butmultiplepartsofthatproject Architecture,aniceintersectionofbeingcreativeandbeingpractical(reasonfor
choosingprofession) Professionisbothvilifiedandglorifiedinculture Alwaysthoughthewouldbedesigningsomething;learningaboutdesigninschoolin
truth Ifnotcurrentlyinarchitecture10yearsago,wouldhavelikedtodoAppleProduct
design;Now,sciencefictioncityscapedesignandrendersinmovies,doingthesketchingandrenderings,doesnotneedtomakesense,justlookcool Rewarding:workingwithpeople,coordination,designdevelopment,reallyenjoys
figuringoutdetails Withacademia,therearesomanyassumptionsthataremadethatareinherently
untestable,thekeyisthebuiltenvironment Changesineducation/bepreparedfor:
Theproductisnotthedesign,inmanycasesitisthepresentationofthedesign;pushforhowtopresent.Period.Considerdoingapowerpoint/slideshow,theamountofcontrolyouhavenowoverwhatsequencepeopleseethingsandwhen! Collaboration,butalwayshardinschool,becausethereisnotaboss Studiocultureisfun,butcanbeunhealthy,justtakeitselfalittlelessseriously,be
morecomfortable Changesinthepractice/futureprojections:
Thingsaregettingfaster,schedules,demands Despitethespeed,itdoesnothinderdesign,everyonehastoreallyconsiderevery
decisionmade;designcomesoutofweirdplaces,andtheonlythingthathampersdesignisthequalityoftheclient
Everyonestartingtheirownpracticeisnotsustainable
Winn Chen, CannonDesignLow-Level Architect InterviewDuration: 50 minutes
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John Janda, von Weise AssociatesMid-Level Architect InterviewDuration: 41 minutes
Becameanarchitectbecauseofhisbrother,influencedinhighschool;marriageofartandtechnicality Role:Quality-controlPosition,butfunctioningasaProjectManager,keeping
Chipuptospeedontheproject;TheSecondChip SmallFirmrole,everyonehastobeabletodoeverythingessentially;learning
processquicklyanddevelopment Gratificationofseeingsomethingdreamtuprealized;complicationofthe
processalsointerestingandgratifying;alwaysdesigningwouldgetboring Criticalimportanceofbudget,butisunfortunatelynotandcannotbetaughtin
school,justhavetolearnbyexperience Design,Bid,Build Alotofintuition,experience,andtrialanderrorseemtodeterminemanyunsure
moments,suchaspricing,contracts,daytodayoperations;thethingsthatarenottaughtinschool;cannotalwaysimmediatelyknowhowmuchaprojectwillcost,butcanlookatpreviousprojects,howthingsareinthemarket,materials,andmakeeducatedestimationsforabid Preferencetowardsmaller-firmsizeduetoflexibility,butlarger-firmsdohave
thatbenefitofexperience,numbers,andprojectsize,butindividualsaremorecategorized,partofamachine Inthenext10-years,takeoveroftheRevitModel,however,existingissue
withtheinflexibilityofRevit;thatwhencreatingsomanycustom-madedesignstheefficiencyisdefeated,goodforstandardizeditems,notcustomization Revitpushfromgeneralpractice,contractors,clients;theefficiencyforthemto
seethingsin3Dspaceversustheold2Ddrawings Architectsarestartingtobeexpectedtogreatanentirebuildingin3Dbeforeits
everevencreated;positivesandnegativestoboth Coordinationismoreimportantandgettingeasier(potentially) Allthisextraworkdoesnotnecessarilyshortentheprojecttimeline,justmakes
thingsalittleeasierforconstructionlater Advice:donothavetofollowthemodel,donotbeafraidtomovearound,
besttoknowwhatelseisouttherewhenyouareyounger,dothingsoutsideofarchitecture
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Role:Vice-PresidentandPrincipalArchitect PrincipalArchitect:Immediateindividualundermaindesigner;takeinitialconceptdesignsand
turn thatintoabuilding;architecturalsystems,coordinationwithengineers;developmentanddeliveryofthejob Vice-President:termreservedfortheofficersinthefirm;LLC(LimitedLiabilityCooperation);
cooperateterm,notanarchitecturalterm Reasonforbecomingarchitect:testin9th/10thgrade,listofwhatanindividualwould
begoodat.SisterwenttoWashington-SaintLouisforArchitecture,understandingofwhatarchitectureschoolwouldbelike,wasnotleaningtowardsanythingelsesoliterallyjustcheckedtheboxontheVirginiaTechapplication LooselythoughtaboutgoingintographicsforDisneyyearsago,butdidnothaveareasonto
switchout EnjoymentofcurrentworkatJAHN
Typeofprojects,size/location;startingtoenjoylargerprojectsmore Largecomplexjobs=longertimeframe;abletoworkondifferentphases Enjoysdoingdetails,lookingoverRFIs,shopdrawings Alwayssomethingdifferent,complexityofprojectsandcoordination
Theonlypersonresponsibleforyourdevelopmentasanarchitectisyou;notTech,notyourprofessors,notthefirmyougoworkfor Againsttheideaforfirmstobreakdowndepartmentsintospecialgroupsforonlycertainparts
ofaproject;onlydetails,structure,technical,designingorhatteamfortowers Understandingdesignmakesbettertechnicalandviceversa Passingoffjobstoothergroupswithinthefirms,individualsdonotnecessarilyknowwhere
thatdesign/intentcamefrom;alwayshavesomeonethatfollowsthrougheachstep Consistentlybringingupthatthosethatarepigeon-holedintoaparticularpartoftheproject,
neverreallyhaveanyotherunderstandingoftheproject(orpotentiallydesignasawhole) Principal>AssociatePrincipal>CoreArchitects Evaluations:usedtobedonebyanofficemanager(recentlyretired),nocurrentformal
staffingpolicy;projectbased,thedesignersstaywiththeprojecteachstep,donotjustpassitoffaftertheinitialconcept,notsoautonomous,ex.SuchaswithFoster UseofAutoCAD,someRevit,difficulttouseRevitfortheprojectstheyhave,willnotuse
unlessaclientrequestsit,otherwiseitssolelyfortheirownpurpose;localclientsdonotcare Dependsallontheclients ContractorsreallycannotforceanarchitecttodothingsinRevit JAHNhasbeennaturallyfocusingonenergycodeforyears;reallyitsjustunderstanding
fundamentalsbetterthankeepingtocertaincode;reducingtheloadsandthepassivearchitecture;energyconsultantandstructuralengineerareengagedintheearlyconcept Wholesocietyismovingtowardssustainability Forstudentstoknow:howyouwanttodevelopyourcareerandwhatyouwanttodowith
yourcareer;giveathoughttowhattypeofarchitecturetheywanttoworkin;chooseprojects/thesistowardthosetypeoffirmsthatinterestyou
Carl DSilva, JAHNHigh-Level Architect InterviewDuration: 49 minutes
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Hayes Brister, Account Executive, HenricksenAlternative Professional Interview #1Duration: 37 minutes
Originallydidtrainandpursueacareerasanarchitecture Justshowup;beinfrontofopportunities,justgoplaces,nevermissan
opportunity Eventhoughisnolongerinarchitecture,beingabletoknowtheterminology
andunderstandspaceplanningmakesiteasiertoconveyandtalktocertainclients Architectsnaturallyseemtothinkdifferentlythanotherpeopleandthinkingin
suchadiverseandmultifacetedway,whichissometimeshardtoconvinceothersthatarchitectsthinksodifferentlyandhavethecapacityforotherfields 5-yearprogramatMississippiStateUniversity InternshipforayearinschoolwithGensler Workexperience
SCB AdrianSmith,GordonGill;spinoffofSOM SmithGroup
Aftermanyyearsrealizedthatthecareerofanarchitectjustwasnotforhim,evenafterworkingatsuchbigfirms,ifthepersonalityandfitofthosedidnotwork,thenthelifeofanarchitectwasnottherightchoice;neverfeltdedicated;wasnevergoingtobethatpersonwiththatmotivationanddrive Evenifsomeotheropportunitycomesupthatisnotnecessarilyarchitecture,
thatdoesnotmeanthattheopportunityshouldbepassedup ShiftfromArchitecturetoFurniture;friendfromIA,knewofadealershipstartup
andwantedtoswitchoutfromarchitectureanyway;companyfoldedshortlyafterbutthedealershipsuccessintheareacreatedotherconnectionsandopportunities Dealership-sideisallaboutconnectionsandkeepingthoseconnections Abitridiculousforfirmswhengoingintoaninterviewandthefirmactslikeyou
aredoingthemafavor;Expectationthatyouareluckytobehere Managementsideofwork;handsinalotmore;facepersonforaproject;
workingwiththemanufacturesandexchanginginformation Couldstayatsalesandcurrentpositionandstaywithit;comfortable,enjoysthe
position,enjoysthework,andtheworkpaysoff Trends;fluxofpeoplechangingjobs,moremovementofpeoplebetween
places;furniturestyleofopenworkstationsstartingtohavesomeback-lash,sobackingupslightlysomemorebalancewitholdcubicalstyleandpersonalspace
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Taylor Mckinley, Navigator and Urban Planner, RedmoonAlternative Professional Interview #2Duration: 40 minutes
Donotalwaysrelyonbureaucracytofacilitatechange,justgodoit,getfriendsandmakeachange Interestinurbanplanning:5yearsoldandfamilymovingtoapedestrian
friendlyenvironment(Toronto)fromaplacethathadamorelackinginfrastructure;subconsciousinfluenceofthelittlethingsoftheeaseofgoingacrosstowntoseefriends,walkingaround,cleanspaces ElementarySchoolprojectonGlobalWarmingandUrbanPlanning Originallywenttocollegeasacivilengineer,notsatisfied,tookanenvironmental
geographycourse;mindblown! Cananalyzeanythingwithamap;pros,cons,assets,etc. Death&LifeofAmericanCitiesbyJaneJacobs;Urbanized(film);Suburban
Nation(film);Chinatown(film) Activatingpeopleinpublicspaces Interestinginmeetingandinterviewingpeople,findoutwhatpeoplearedoingin
theirfreetime Knowingtogoouttoaneighborhoodandaskingpeoplewhatmakesthem
angry,whatneedstobeimprovedon,andactonit Meetpeople,talktothem,inaparkorcoffeeshop,andfindoutwhatthey
arethinking;combinesocialmediaanddesign,circumventtheslowbureaucraticplanningprocess(wasteoftime);outreachandplansandreports,butdoesnotactuallyengagethecommunity,notrealgrassrootsplanning
Meetwithanyone Fulfillmentcomesfromlittlemeetingsandbringingeveryonetogethertoreacha
criticalmass TransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD),goodidea,buthardtoimplementunless
onealreadyprocessesthenecessaryfunds,needstobeaccomplishedfast Meetings;addressissuesandholdacharrette;createaframeworkforacouple
ofissues;outreachtocommunitygroups;regroupandbuildonthatidea Jeffersonian/Enlightenedindividualswhoareexperiencedinmultiplefields,
gettingtheminvolvedtocreatedsomethingextraordinary ActivatetheSpace:createsomethingsimple,unique,thatdrawspeopleinan
letthoseindividualsfilltheactivity UrbanPlannersjustcopyandreplicatetheprocessthatothersdobecausethat
isallthatneedstobedone,spreadtheideas Activatingspacesandpeoplethroughtheuseoftechnology
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Luis Monterrubio, Coordinating Planner, City of Chicago Planning and DevelopmentAlternative Professional Interview #3Duration: 80 minutes
PrimaryfunctionwithinthePlanningDivision;managementofthehundredsofplanswithinthecity;adoptingplansthatconfirmwithexistingcitypolicies Howtomakeplanshappen,where,andinwhatcapacity LicensedarchitectfromMexicoCity;thesisinChicago;internshipwiththefirm
thatwouldeventuallybecomeGREC;3monthinternshipturnedinto14yearsandhiredbythecity Residentialandcommercialplanningdevelopment Sellingthesite,butalsoseeingtheproposedprojectproposalandhowthatfits
intothecityplanatlarge Stilllearningsomethingneweveryday;moreinvolvedwithurbanplanningvs
individualprojectsinrecentyears Concentrationclustersofdiversecommercialzoning,especiallyaroundexisting
assets Placementandarrangementofprograms;transportation,commercial,
entertainment,housing,etc.andtheinfluencesofeach Projectson-goingoverthecourseofmultipleyears;5,10,20years Fulfillment:seeingsomethingeventuallyconstructed;communitymeetings
andconversations;knowingthattheplanningisimpactingthecitylandscapeandindividualslivelihoods Incityplanning,eachzoningtaxdistrictisallocatedacertainamountofmoney
basedonexistingspacecriteria,soevenifthecityhasalargerpotofmoney,thatmoneyisnotavailabletoeachspace Reviewingthefeasibilityanduseofplans Cannotbeanexpertoneverything,soneedtohaveconversationswiththose
individuals Knowingwhatisthecorrectlocationofcertainbusinesstypes;onthecorner
versusthecenterofablock,especiallylargerbusinesses UrbanPlanningimprovementsbasicallydependentonnewemerging
technologyandadvances;willbecomemoredatamanagers Architecturetourbanplanningtransition,sameprinciples,justchangeofscale
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Afterspeakingtoeachoftheseindividuals,onemajorthinghasbecomeextremelyclearthroughouteachoftheconversations,thattheseindividualsareextremelypassionateandfindfulfillmentandenjoymentintheirwork,whateveritmaybe.ForyearsIwouldhavetosaythatIdidnotnecessarilyknowthedifferencebetweenajobandacareer.Theseindividualsdonothavejobs,theyhavecreatedcareers.PartofitIbelievehastodowithmyownbackgroundandwhatIhaveseenfromindividualsIhavemet,thatpeoplethathavejobsdonotnecessarilyfindthesameenjoymentandfulfillmentinwhattheydo.Jobspay,putfoodonthetable,getthebillspaid,butareanendstoameans.Thejobsalsodonotcontributetothegrowthoftheindividual;theyaresimplysomethingthatneedstogetdone.
Sowhatdoesthismeanforthefuture?Well,findacareer,notajob,clearly.However,thatcareerdoesnotnecessarilyhavetobeinarchitecture.TalkingtoHayeswasprobablyoneofthemostinterestingandinsightfulconversations,purelybecauseoftherelationhehastoarchitectureasabackground.Itisonetothingtotalktoanindividualwhohashadamorestraightforwardcareerpath(likeCarlandWinn),buttotalktosomeonewhostartedasuccessfulpathtowardbeinganarchitectandthenrealizethatthereisanotherpathtotakeisincrediblyimportant!Thereareotherthingsthatcanbedonewithanarchitecturedegree!Sure,wehavehadlecturesonwhatotherpathsonecantake,butitisanotherthingtositdownwithsomeoneandheartheirstoryonhowtheymadethattransition.
Anotherthingthatkeptcomingupwastheimportancetotakeopportunitiesastheycomealong.Partofmedoesthinkthatthisislargelyduetotheenvironment,thatChicagoofferssomuchmoreversatilityandopportunitiesthananormalcity(asidefrommaybecitieslikeD.C.,NewYorkandLosAngeles).Opportunitiesaresometimesalittlehardertocomebythatpeoplemakethemseemandsometimestheyjustariseoutofseeminglynowhere.Ibelievethatcertainopportunitiesshouldneverbepassedup,thatsometimesyouhavetofollowuponthoseastheycomealong.Atthesametime,someopportunities,whiletheymightbenewandinterestingarenotalwaysthebestchoiceforthemoment.Ithinkeachoftheseindividualshavecarefullyweighedeachopportunityandpotentialchangethathascomealongandassessedifitwastherightthingforthem.Carl,forexample,foundagreatspotwithJAHNearlyonandsimplyhasnothadareasontochangewherehewas,whileHayes,ontheotherhand,jumpedattheopportunitytotransitionoutofarchitectureandhasbeenhappierbecauseofit.Itreallyjustdependsonwhereanindividualisintheirownlife,theirownpath,whenthosechancehappeningscomealong.
Ibelievethatspeakingtoeachoftheseindividualshasmadeasignificantcontributiontomyunderstandingofarchitectureandtheworldingeneral,eachintheirownway.Itmaybeareasonjustassimpleashearingsomeoneelseslifestoryandwhattheyhadtogothrough.Asastudenttryingtostartoutintheworld,somuchisuncertainandthefutureisalwaysinflux,butatsomepointlifewillfallintoplaceandthingswillbeclearerthantheyeverhavebeen.Ittakestime,ittakesmistakes,butultimatelythepathwewishtotravelisalluptousandsomehowweeachseemtomakeitworkinonewayoranother.
Sothereisthatlittleglimmerofhope
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Chip von Weise, Architect and Principal, Von Weise AssociatesEthics Interview: PMI Cannon, FairnessDuration: 37 minutes
Cannon:impartial,withoutself-interestobjectiveandwithoutprejudice,etc. Conflictsofself-interest:budgeandFeeaspercentagesofconstruction;balance
betweenclientsbudgetandrunningabusinessthathastosupportfamilies;seldominbestlong-terminteresttoscrewtheclient;Ex.Schematicdesign,tablefinishofacertainmaterial,feebasedonapercentage;moreexpensivematerial,largerfee,moremoneyforthedesigner Pushingclientstospendmoremoneyequalsareputationfordrivingupaclients
budget Goodreputationfordesigningwellandtreatingclientsfairlyinordertogetthenext
project Meshofclientsexpectationsforthedesignandexpectationsofcost;alwaysleadsto
ValueEngineeringatsomepoint Therearenonormscurrentlyfordesign;previously,15%forresidence,10%for
commercial Hourly;Flatfeeforeachstageofdesign;Percentageofconstructioncosts;Flatfee
perdollarpersquarefootage(usuallyforinteriorprojects) Forhiring,knowingpeoplehelpsgetyourfoodinthedoor,butnotunderany
obligationtohirethatindividual,butwillinterviewthemasacourtesyfortheircolleagueorfriend Bestpossiblecandidatefortheleastamountoftime Hiringisarisk;individualisnotgood,canstealfromtheemployer,actunethically,
potentiallylooseaclient Cannotdiscriminateonthebasics[race,gender,sexualorientation,etc.],butalso
cannotdiscriminateoraskindividualsmarriagestatus,familystatus,location;biasedassessmentforemployersinterestinthecompany Needtocompartmentalizewhenmakingadecisionandwhenrunningabusinessin
general Onlypromisewhatyoucandeliver Negativeconsequencesoffairness;errorindrawings,actingethnicallyhasfinancial
consequencestothebusiness,insteadofpassingtheerrorofftosomeoneelse Conflictofinterestswithdesigns:coolandinterestingideasarenotalwaysthebest
onethatrepresentstheclient,couldloseaclientbypushingadesignforward;theclientbecomesameanstoanends,notanendstoitself Integrityofthedesignwiththeintegritywiththeclientsobjectives HowardRoarkmythofarchitecture Finelinebetweeneducationyourclientandbeingarrogant
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The cannonofchoicewasFairness,asoutlinedintheCodeofEthicsandProfessionalConductguidelinessetbytheProjectManagementInstitute.Fairnessisourdutytomakedecisionsandactimpartiallyandobjectively.Outconductmustbefreefromcompetingself-interest,prejudice,andfavoritism.Forarchitects,beingimpartialandactingwithoutself-interestinafieldthatdevotessomuchtime,energy,andpersonalityintothework,createsvariousinstanceswhereactingfairlycomesintoconflict.Tofacilitateabetterunderstandingofthiscannon,ChipvonWeise,PrincipalArchitectofVonWeiseAssociateswaschosentobeinterviewed.ThischoicewasmadeduetoChipsroleasheadofthearchitecturefirmandexperienceasanarchitectandbusinessowner.
The mainpointsofconflictwithself-interestcomefromthebusinesssideofafirmandtheindividualdesignersegoandideasofadesign.Whilethearchitectistheretofacilitatethedesignoftheclientsintent,thearchitectandthefirmdohavetobepaidforthoseservices.Thisconflictforgeneratingprofitforthecompanycancomeupinthepaymentofthecontract,primarilythroughafeegeneratedbythepercentageoftheconstructioncost.Forexample,ifthedesignfeeis15%oftheconstructioncost,andthefinishmaterialofatabletopis$10K,thecompanywillmake15hundreddollarsofthedesignversusthesametabletopbeingfinishedwithamuchlessexpensivematerial.Whilethebusinessdoeshavetopayitsemployeesandprovideforthosefamilies,itisgenerallynotinthefirmsinterestinthelongtermtodriveuptheclientsbudget.Thiscancausethefirmtodevelopareputationofbeingmoreexpensive,potentiallyloosingotherperspectiveclients.AtVonWeiseAssociates,theystriveforagoodreputationfordesigningwellandtreatingtheclientsfairlyinordertogetthenextproject.
Inthepracticeofarchitectureandclientbudgeting,therearevariousmethodsthatarebeingusedtodeterminethecostofthearchitectsdesign.Theworkcanbedonehourly;aflatfeeforeachstageofthedesign;apercentageoftheconstructioncosts;oraflatfeeperdollarpersquarefootage,whichisusuallydoneforinteriorprojects.Thepreviousnormwas15%forresidentialbuildingsand10%forcommercialormulti-familybuildings.Thathasshiftedmoreduetothenatureofmakingtheclientmoreuncomfortablethroughoutthedesignprocess,plusthearchitectseasyofabilitytoincreasethepriceoftheirdesign.
The othermajorpointofconflictwiththearchitectsself-intereststemsforthedesignitself,beinganextensionofthearchitectsideas,vocabulary,ego,personality,and
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generalpreferenceofdesign.Thebuiltdesignofthearchitectisamonumentoftheirworkandideastosomedegreeandbecauseofthisintrinsicvaluethatisgenerated,thearchitectmightpushadesignforwardthatdoesnotmeetupwiththeideasoftheclient.Interestingandradicalideasarenotalwaysthebestdesignsthatrepresent theclientandonecouldloseaclientbypushingadesignforward.Inthiscase,theclientbecomesameanstoanends,notanendstoitself.Itisprimarilyunfairtotheclient,toreceiveawork(whilebeingofsoundarchitectureanddesign)thatdoesnotrepresenttheirownimageandstillhastopayforthework.
Nowfrommyownviewpointsandperception,thefairnessofhiringandscreeningforcandidateswasbroughtup.Thenotionthatindividualswhohavecontactswithinafirm,whoareabletogettheirresumestotherightindividualsandessentiallygetmorefocusontheirresumeandportfolio,thefairnessofthatpracticewasbroughtintoquestion.Intheprofessionalrealm,havingacontactwithinafirmdoesmake iteasiertogetonesfootinthedoor,however,thatdoesnotmeanthattheemployerisunderanyobligationtohirethatindividual.AsChipnoted,hewouldlookmorecloselyatthatrecommendedindividualsresumeandcalltheminforaninterview,purelyasacourtesyforthecolleagueorfriend,butthelackofobligationtohirethatindividualstillstands.Nowthispracticeisacceptedmostlybecause,fromabusinessperspective,theyneedtohirethebestcandidateforthepositionwithintheleastamountoftime.Itisnoteffectiveforthebusiness,usually,tocreateabroadpostingthengothroughhundredsofapplications.Also,justonthebasiclevel,hiringanyindividualisarisktothebusiness;thatindividualmaynotbegoodattheirjob;theymaystealfromtheemployer;actunethicallyinsomeway;orpotentiallyactinawaythatlosesaclienttothebusiness.Bygettingarecommendationfromatrustedindividual,ithelpseliminatesomeoftheriskandtimeofscreeningthroughcandidatesandgoingthroughnumerousinterviews.
AfterlookingovertheethicalconductofFairnessasdescribedintheCodeofEthicsandProfessionalConductguidelinessetbytheProjectManagementInstitute,theethicalimplicationsandadherencetothisprincipleiscriticaltoafirmsbehavior,butalsolargelycommonsenseincertainaspects.Clearlyitisunethical(andillegal)todiscriminateanindividualonthebasesofgender,race,andsexualorientation,andpurelyneedtobestatedforlegalitypurposes.Ontheotherhand,theethicalactsoffairnessinthearchitectureprofessionandbusinessmarketareinitiallyhardertotheorizeandareslightlyblurredwhenapproachingfromapurelyacademicbasis.Whileafirmdoeshaveagoaltoproducearchitectureandmakemoney,it
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stillhastorunabusiness.Thefairnessofthatbusinesslargelyhastodowithhowthatindividualdecidestoruntheirbusinessandgeneratesariskofthesuccessoftheirwork.Itisnotunfairorunethicaltodesignbasedoncostofconstructionandgettingapercentageofthatworkandthusdriveupthefeeofthearchitectswork,however,thatbusinessisunlikelytosucceedinthelongrunifitdoesnotmaintainahealthyenvironmentwiththeclientsandpotentialreferredfutureclients.Thisalsoappliestohowtheindividualpushesforwardwiththeirdesigns;iftheyfacilitatetheclientmoreoriftheypushforwardwiththeirownwork.Neitherofthoseareinherentlyunethicalpractices,butnotnecessarilygoodbusinesssense.Onthesubjectofhiringhowever,thelinesoffairnessinwhoisinterviewedorwhoseresume isgivenmoreattentionisblurredfromjustapurelyacademicdebatestandpoint.Onecouldarguethateveryresumeandindividualshouldbelookedatandassessedonthesamemeritwitheachindividualhavinganequalopportunitytobehiredfortheintendedposition.However,thatisextremelydifficult,timeconsumingandnotcosteffectiveforthebusinesstogothrougheachresumewiththesamefocus.Itisslightlydisappointingthatthispracticeofgettingyourfootinthedoorissowidelyaccepted,butontheotherhand,itmakessense.Creatinganetworkofconnectionsinordertofacilitatetheeaseofgettingajobandestablishingonesvaluesandmakingthoseknowtoapotentialemployerisextremelyhelpful,butthatalsomeansthatequalopportunityisnotnecessarily100%equal.Therealsituationandinfluencesonthematterarenotpurelyblackandwhite,asacademicswouldleadonetobelieve,butaswiththerestoflifelaysomewhereintherealmofvaryingshadesofgrey.
Professional PracticeLectures
Randy GuillotDrew Ranieri
Brian LeeNatasha Krol Mauskapf
Carl D SilvaIker Gil
Geoff WaltersLaura FisherFrank WeinerDon Copper
Peter EllisAdam WhippleJohn Syversten
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Randy Guillot, AIA, LEEDPrinciapl Designer, CannonDesign6.2.2014
Buildmeaningfulrelationshipsthroughhardwork Keepyourearsopenhangoutafterworkbereadyforanything IntegrityandCharactercouldbemorevaluablethantalent Surroundyourselfwithbroadinfluencesandmentors Communicationiseverything Yourclientisyourdesignpartner Listen[tome&ignoreme] Dontexpecttheoutcome;setyourselfupfordiscovery Promoteyourstrengths Begenerousandbecourageous Thereisalwaysmorethanonerightanswer
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RandyGuillotslecturewasprimarilyfocusedonabasicthoughtsandexperiencethathehasgainedthroughouttheyearsasanarchitect.Thisculminatedmoreintoanintroductionintotheprofessionalpracticelecturesandadviceforthoseabouttostartacareerinarchitecture.Thediscussionwasnotabouttimestampsorprojectdeadlinesorhowtodealwithcertaineventsthatmightcomeupinaprojectslifetime,butratherjustaframeofmindthatoneshouldbeawareofastheygrowasanarchitect.Asheputit,thisisnotatalkaboutarchitecture;thisisatalkaboutgettingtoarchitecture.
Communicationcannotbestressedenough.Thatisprobablythemostimportantpointthatanyindividualinthefieldhastosay,thatcommunicationiskey.Communicationisthekeyforeverything;fortheproject,gettingajob,buildingclients,producingwhatistrulyneeded,etc.Abetterwaytoputitis,communicationisgod,orlifeorbloodoroxygenoranyotheranalogytosignifytheimportanceofcommunicationresidingatthepinnacleforanythinggettingdone.Communicationprobablyholdsmoresignificancethanthedesignitselfattheendofitall,becausesomuchoftheprojectdependsonthesuccessofthatdialoguebetweenclient,designer,contractor,andprojectmanager.
Whengoingintoacareer,anindividualmustbereadytothrowthemselvesoutthereandbeopentoeverythingthatcomesalong.Beasponge,lookuptothosethathaveexperience,talktothoseindividualsandlearnfromthem.Findamentor,havemorethanone,someonethatcandirectyoualongyourchosenpath.
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Drew Ranieri, AIAAssociate Principal, Solomon Cordwell Buenz (SCB)19.2.2014
Contracts Money Schedule Roles Responsibilities/Risks Scope Expectations Accountability
FourStages: SchematicDesign DesignDevelopment ConstructionDocuments ConstructionAnalysis
Risk,Responsibilities;specs,design,buildingwarranty/insurance
O.A.C.Meetings OwnerArchitectConsultants
Thedigitalworldhasheldthedesignermoreaccountable;producemore,showmore,rendermore;takingonmoreliabilityinanefforttominimizerisk
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Brian Lee, FAIADesign Partner, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM)26.2.2014
ViewSOMasgenerationsofarchitects,afocusonresearchanddevelopment,innovation,andenergyefficiency Duetothelargeraspectofthecompanyandthespreadovertheworld,SOM
hasdevelopedthislargecorporationaspect(yetimpliedthatdoesntfeellikeabloatedcorporationmentality,alsoseeabovebulletpoint) Peopledontalwaysthinkalike,butcanbelikedriven UrbanBuildingsInteractionwiththecity Leverageproblems Communicatepurpose Connecttothecommunity Programs>connect HumanizetheExperience;scale,naturallight,tactilematerials,linktothe
landscape
Usingascreen,designofdetailingalsofunctionsasastructuralimportance
Theimportancetogobacklaterafteraprojectisdonetoseehowitturnedout,doesitreallylookhowitwasenvisioned,howitwasrendered,iseverythingconveyedproperly.
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Natasha Krol MauskapfMcKinsey & Company5.3.2014
Recordingthoughts,views,breakingassumptions Psychology&neuroscienceofspace Whatistheproblem?Whoareyoudesigningitfor?Whatisthebestwaythey
willreceiveit? facilitatecollaborativethinking youthinkabouthowyouthink
Communication Starttalkingtotheangriestpeoplefirst(usuallyasignofpassion)[appliesmore
toNatashaspersonaljobcriteria] learning-by-doingenvironment itsonethingtobepolite&open,itsanothertobeempathetic
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NatashaMauskapfslecturestartedoffwithaquickexerciseofmakingarecordingofoneofthesurroundingblocks;nolimitations,nosetwayofmakingtherecording,justgoanddo.Itwasmoreacommentaryonhowweasdesignersandarchitectsaretrainedtotakeasimpleideaorpropositionandcreatesomethingwithoutneededguidelinesordirectionsimposedonus.Therestofthelecturefocusednotondesignoranythingparticularlyrelatedtoarchitectureingeneral,butratherjusthowtoengagepeople.Sowhileitmightnothavebeenaboutarchitectureandhow todealwithacontract,butgenerallyjusthowtointeractwithindividualsandsettingupanenvironmenttogetthingsaccomplished.AsNatashanoted,inasituationwhereyouwishtobringaboutmajorchange,firsttalktotheangriestpersonintheroom,sincetheywillhavethemostpassionaboutmakingthatchange.
Inaway,thisturnedintoanothercommunicationiskeylectures.However,thelecturewentbeyondjustbeingabletotalktoanindividual,butratherjusthowtocreateanetworkand workingdialoguewithsomeone.Sincearchitectureisstartingtobecomemoreofaprofessionofurbanengagement,masterplanning,urbanplanning,andcommunitydevelopment,wehavetoengageindividualsonabroaderscale,ratherthansimplyproducingalimitedconfinementofspace.Ibelievethatcertainindividualsinarchitecturearebecomingmoreinvolvedwithurbandevelopment,andthatarchitectureisnotjustlimitedtoasinglebuildingonalandscapebutchangingtheentirelandscapeasawhole.Iguessinsomepartthatisunavoidable,asmuchassomebelievethatarchitecturedoesntnecessarilyneedtosomesavetheworldvanityproject,atsomecorelevel,wedefinethestatusofoursocietybyourarchitecture.Forexample,thebestwayforfilmmakerstoexpressafuturisticenvironmentistohavefuturisticandradicalarchitecture,andthatarchitectureexpressesachangeinsocietyslifestyle.Asridiculousasitsounds,atsomepointarchitectswillhavetoengageindividualsbeyondourbuildingsanddefinewhatsocietyandinteractionswillbelikeinthefuture.Architectswilldefinethefuture,oratleastdesignit.
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Carl D Silvia, AIAPrincipal Architect, Vice President, JAHN6.3.2014
BangkokInternationalAirport,PassengerTerminalComplex,94DesignCompetition Heavyinternationalpoliticsinfluencedthespeedanddurationoftheproject Modernairportdesignsallhaveparallelrunwayssincejetenginesplanesarent
asdependentonthedirectionofthewindaspreviouspropellerplanes Sogofordumb,richclients
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Thislecturecameacrossmoreasabuildingconstructionlecture,thanmoreofaprofessionalpracticelecture,focusingmoreonanexampleofarchitecture(TheBangkokInternationalAirport)andthedetailsandstagesoftheconstructionprocessthroughoutthatproject.However,certainthingscanbenoted,suchastheinteractionofthoseinvolvedwithinaproject.Commonly,thereisatriagebetweenanowner,designer,andcontractor,thatallhavetointeractthroughaprojectmanager.However,therearelimitationstothatinteraction,suchaseverythinggoingthroughonedirectindividual,thespeedatwhichthatisconveyed,certainredtape,requestforinformation,etc.Thisalsodependsprimarilyonthescopeofthecontractbetweentheseindividualsandanyflexibilityitallows.Also,onmoreofajokingmatter,itisbettertogofordumb,richclients.Thismeansclientsthathavemoneytospendanddonothaveafullunderstandingofthedesignprocessoramajorconcernfortheproducedarchitecture,butarejustproducingsomethingforproductionsake.Thisallowsthedesignerthemostamountsoffreedomandexpressionthatmightnotalwaysbepossiblewiththeusualclient.Forexample,withtheBangkokTerminal,itisextremelyunlikelythatitwouldhaveeverbeenallowedtobeconstructedintheUnitedStates,asitwouldhavebeenshotdownforpricinglongbefore.
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Iker GilMas Studio17.3.2014
Scaleofarchitectureandcity[building&urbanplanning] Whatassetsdocertaincitieshave? Smallerspacecommonwithinalargernetwork Noteverythingislinear Doingthingsthatyoufindinterestingasprimarydrivingfactor
Projects MasContext,Quarterlypublication Smallscalegardenobject
Providetheidea/framework,evenifprogram/contextislimited Cheapplywoodsheetmaterial
Pedwayintervening/mapping Dontneedtoimmediatelylabeleverything,justanidea,diagramsandsets
ofimages Newspaperasmostdomesticitems Someonemakesfunofsomething,embraceit MarinaCityphotographyexhibition Dothingsthatmaynothaveanimmediateoutcome,itwillfinditsway Ifyouwanttodothings,itwillbefiguredout
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Geoff Walters, AIA, LEEDDirector of Quality, Standards Development, CannonDesign18.3.2014
TechnicalDetails Process,performance,detailing,documentation,buildingsystems,delivery
Buildingperformanceexpectationsneedtobeengagedwiththeclientearlyon;acoustic,durability,healthcare,etc.
Earlydialoguesusuallyneedtobebroughtupbythedesigner Oldergenerationmassivebuilding,soincrediblyenergyinefficientthatituses
morenetenergythantransportation(?) Architecture2030challengepathtonetzeroby2030,energyreduction,
CBECs;2015,70%reductiongoal Envelopeimpact,userinterfacebroadercomfortrange
Thesearentissueforaprofession;theseareissuesforasociety Howtodesignanetzero
Fundamentally,form,massing,siteorientation,openings,etc. Needtostartenergymodelingallprojects;codesareabitoutdated
ArticlebyNASAonfutureeffectsofincomeequalityandnetzeroandotherswillleadtocivilizationcollapseindecades Findmentors,resources,somuchwhichwillhavetobecontinuouslylearned
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GeoffWaltersprofessionalfocusandviewpointsonexistingarchitecturestruckmeatdifferentlevelsandsortofcreatedsomemixedthoughtstowardsit.Ononehand,Iamanindividualwhoisalwaysdrawntowardsthedetails,theprocess,andthesmallnuancesofaproject.So,thefactthatWaltersunderstandstheimportanceofabuildingsperformanceandcreatingthatearlydialogueearlyon,Ifindextremelysatisfyingandcompelling.BuildingsshouldbeabletoperformasintendedandIbelievethattheprofessionisstartingtomovetowardsapathwherebuildingsandarchitecturalsystemsarebecomingmoreversatile,doingmorethaneverbefore.Housesarebecomingsmarter.Ontheotherhand,WaltersispartofCannonDesigndedicatedtowardsenergyefficiencyandnetzero.
Architecturethatisslatedtowardsnetzero,greenhouses,energyefficiency,isagreyareaformeinthefocusofdesign.Idobelieveonsomelevelthatasasocietywehavetodesignmoreefficiently,ourbuildingscannotbewasteful,mustbenefittheenvironment(bothnaturalandphysical),andshouldbecomehealthierplacesinavarietyofways.However,thisoutlook/designfocusfornewarchitectureseemstocomeacrossasmoreofabusinessstrategy,tocreatebuildingsthatareenergyefficient,justforthesakeofcreatingsuchbuildings.Attimesitalmostsoundslikethedrivingfactorofthesebuildingstocreateandtestoutanewgreen-technologyandoftentimesIwonderifthebuildingisreallyarchitecture.Now,Iknowthathalfofthatthoughtprocessiscompletelyridiculous;creatingbuildingsnotforarchitecture/programsake,butratherforbusinessenergyefficiencysake.Itisridiculous,whichiswhyImtalkingnotaboutthebuilding,butthedrivingidea,theideabehindthebuildingiswhatIquestion.Ifcoreideaoftheprojectseemstobetheadaptationandexpansionofagreenidea,notsomeotherprecedent,doesthatmakethebuildingarchitecture?
InaninterviewwithCarlDSilvaofJAHN(SeeProfessionalPracticeInterviewSection),thisnet-zerofocuswasbroughtintoquestion,astotheimportanceofnewzero/energyreduction/ASHRAE/LEEDinJAHNspractice.Thereitwasnotedthatthisideaofenergyreductiondoesnotmakeupanentiredepartmentintheirfirm,nordotheyfollowsomelong-term2030challenge.Forthem,itisnotsomuchtheactofcreatinganetzerobuilding,ornewgreentechnologyorguidelines,butratherjustknowingthefundamentalprinciplesofefficientdesignandalreadyimplementingthoseprinciplesintheinitialdesignstages.Theprojectstheycreatearenotgreendriven,butratheraredrivenbyadesignideathatintelligentlyincorporatesgreenelements.Nowgranted,IdonotknowenoughaboutCannonsdesignprocess,
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especiallyinthatparticulardepartment,noranyofthefirmsgeneralpracticestandards.WhatIammerelypointingoutisthisideaandquestionofhowimportantgreen-technologyshouldbeinthedrivingforceforanarchitecturaldesign.Ibelievethatitisbettertounderstandbasicenergyefficiencyprinciples,understandinglayout,site,context,andifitispossibletoincorporatevariousmethodsofgreendesign,thenoneshoulddoso,butIammerelyskepticalonthisideathataprojectisenhancedandelevatedbyincorporatedgreendesign.Atowershouldbesignificantbecauseitisanarchitecturalpieceandshouldnotbeexpressedasasalespitchduetonewlow-Ecoatedwindowsandvariableenvironmentalcontrols.
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Laura Fisher, FAIA26.3.2014
alternativecareersrangeofthingsthannormal WentfromArchitecttoCorporateRealEstatetoInteriorDesign;bank
management/bidding,rezoning Knowwhentogetridofindividualsonacontractteamwhentheyclearlydont
knowwhattheyaredoing Oldofficereuse;lackofbeinguptocode,simplereusewouldbeanissue,;
changeinworkpracticesover20years,morecollaborationvs.privateoffice Onceyoufigurehowwellsomethingworks;reuse&adjust Figureoutwhatyourskillsetis Knowthevalueofyourservices Presentingyourself:
Looktotheleaders,notnecessarilyyourpeers Representthefirmtotheclient Professionalbehavior Getyournamearound[maybeaprofessional/personalwebsite] prepared,performed,assisted
CareerFolder Keeptrackofparticularthings,work,eventsoranythingthatmaybebrought
backup Talks,oldworkatfirms,committees
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LauraFisherbeganthislecturestatingthatthefollowingwouldadifferenttypeoflecture,primarilyimplyingwhataBachelorofArchitecturedegreeoffersbeyondjustworkingatanarchitecturalfirm.Itwasnotadirectlistofalternativecareers,butratherjustanexamofhowonecanprogressfrompositiontopositionthroughouttheyears.FishertrainedasanArchitect,butsteadilymovedthroughInteriorDesign,CorporateRealEstate,andBankManagement,sometimesjustbyhowconnectionsweremadeandwhatbecameavailable.Thepointthatitwasnotthedegreethatenablesanindividualtotakeonthisrangeoffields,butratherknowingwhatskillsanindividualhaslearnedorinherentlyhasandknowinghowtocapitalizeonthoseskills.
Especiallyasoflate,IhavewonderedwhatIwoulddowithmyfuturecareerifIdidnotworkasanarchitect,whatskillsIhavepickedupthatIcoulduse.Graphicdesign,carpentry,furnituredesign,orindustrialdesignareallfieldsthatIhaveconsideredatsomepointintimethatIwouldbeperfectlyhappybeinginforanextendedperiodoftime.Forme,thereisnotanythingdifferentfromdesigningahouse,boat,chair,orhand-heldobject,onlythescaleoftheprojectinthecontexttothehumanelement.AslongasIamdoingsomethingdesignrelatedIfeelthatIwillfindenjoymentandgratificationinmywork.Icouldspendallmytimeinawoodshopandcoveredinsawdust,workingondetailingatableandchairset,butaslongasIwasabletospendmytimesketching,makingdrawings,workingoutdetailsonhowitallfitstogether,Iwouldbehappy(notcaringaboutmoneyatthetimeobviously).Oureducationforourdegreeisnotsolelyfocusedonlyknowinghowtodesignbuildings,itsreallyaboutknowingdesigningeneralandhowtolookandthinkdifferentthanthenorm.Ifweunderstandourowncapabilities,wecanapplyourskillstoavarietyofdifferentfieldsandchoosesomeothercareerpathifnecessary.
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Carl D Silvia, AIAPrincipal Architect, Vice President, JAHN26.3.2014
Site/Context>Programming>Planning>Detailing Analyzing > Designing Whatareyoutryingtodo?
pitfallofagreenfieldsite,goingoffonsomeidea/tangent,hardtoworkyourwayback
TheLouvre,thevariousadditions,add-onsandexpansions Beforebeginningsiteanalysis,havinganideaofwhatyouwanttofocuson,
whatareyoulookingat,whatistheeffectofthatanalysis;whatisthere? Havingaclearlogic Beingclearinhowyourideasmanifestintophysicalform Beingabletoexplainaprojectin20-30secondsorjustacoupleslides;clarity
ofpresentations
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Generallyspeaking,thedesignprocessgoesfromthesite/context,toprogramdevelopment,toplanning,andendingatfinaldetailing.Thiscanbeputmoresimplyasagradualcontinuousprocessofanalyzingtodesigning.Formostofthetime,thisishowdesignprojectsareapproached;asiteisgiven,aprogramisestablished,roughplansandsectionsarecreated,andthenfinaldetailingandconstructiondocumentsarecompleted.Throughoutthisprocess,thedesignergoesthroughvariousanalysisofthesiteandoncetheyaccumulateenoughinformation,thentheyswitchintodesign.Therearelimitationsandbenefitsofthatlinearprocess,boththatarearguedconsistentlyintheeducationalrealm,soIwillsimplystatethatatsomepointadecisionhastobemadeandlineshavetobedrawn.
Whatareyoutryingtodo?isasimpleyethorriblycomplexquestionthatalwaysseemstoleavetheindividualaskingcompletelyunsatisfiednomatterwhatissaid.Thebiggestissuewithhavingaperfectoridealorblankslatesiteisthatthedesignermightgooffonsomerandomideaandoftentimesitishardtofindtheirwaybacktoaconcretenotionofwhattheyaretryingtodo.ByhavingaSandboxdesignspace,sometimesitishardertoconveythepurposeandpointofthedesign,becausedesignfordesignssakeisapparentlynotenough.Itisstrangetonoticethatbyhavingasituationperfectofdesign,exploration,andessentiallyaspacewithoutlimitationsisalwaysmetbytheconfinesthatitistobesomethingbeyondthevisualesthetics.
Thisjustcomesdowntothesimplefactof:knowwhatyouaredoing.Knowthepurpose,placement,incentives,constructs,andlimitationsofthedesign.Thedesignshouldhavesomeinherentlogicbehindit;somethinggivingaclearindicationonitcameabout.Thedesignshouldbeabletobeexplainedquicklyandclearlywithinafewshortsentencesanddirectlytothepoint.Inessence,thedesignsimplyneedstoactuallyhaveanideabehindit,toknowwhatthatideais,andhowthatideaisrepresentedtoavoidconfusion.Inmyownopinion,ifittakesmorethanaminutetostatewhattheideaisbehindtheproject,theindividualactuallyhasnoideawhattheprojectisorwhattheyaredoing.
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Frank WeinerVirginia Tech Professor of Architecture1.4.2014
Fundament&Firmament
Pearls;takesabout7-8yearsforeachpearltoform,butunlikeadiamond,onceitiscreated,itisdone,itisnotshinedandpolished
SanIvoalleSapienza,Roma;Borromini Sapienza;wisdom Knowledgevs.Wisdom,TheBaroque Atlas(Greekmythology);talent;howmuchyoucanbear remembertolookupbutwhenyoulookup,youcansometimesfallintoa
hole Forcesofsocietycauseustolookatordown,andarchitecturealways
supposedtocauseustolookup,thereisadisconnect/issue
Pedagogy[ped-a-go-gy]n.Themethodandpracticeofteaching,esp.asanacademicsubjectortheoreticalconcept
Perceptionisasensethathasbeenintellectualizedandhistorized Sense-awillfulactofreachingtowardsomething;onlypartiallyfulfilled Processdestroyssense canonlysensewhatyoulove
Black=Details,Section;White=Space,Plan Stilllife;naturamorta(il.)
EquilateralTriangleGods ScaleneTriangleMan IsoscelesTriangleDemigods --PlutarchsTheObsolescenceofOracles
Foundationistheclarifyingmomentofthefloorplan,somuchsimplerthantheplanthatisclearsoutthemindinthehassleoftheplan Flatnessvs.Curvatureandtheovergeneralizationofboth Knowledgeresisttrivialchangeandmorecomfortableintherealmofgeneralities
anduniversals
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Don CooperPrincipal Architect, GREC17.4.2014
AceHotelLosAngeles AdaptivereuselandmarkbuildinginolddowntownLA Live-Workrezoning;retailandnewhotels Theateratbaselevel1972,foundedbyUnitedArtistslikeCharlieChaplin&
officebuildingtopper Convertedintohotel,restaurant,lobby,conferencespacewhilekeepingand
renovatingthetheater Addedconcreteframeonexteriorwallstosupportlateralloadsduetonew
seismiccodes BuildingoverseenbyCity,State,andFederalLandmarkBuildingCodes;planes
hadtobecheckwitheachlevelofcode Site/Context---FloorPlans---BuildingSectionsandElevations---Enlarged
Plans---Calledout/ReferenceDetails---Schedules&Inventory AsArchitectswearejustarticulatingsomethingthateveryonealreadyknows
artisticallyandtechnicallywearemoreconscientiousofit Everymistakecostssomebodysomething Disclaimerthatthearchitectisnotresponsible/haveanycontrolover
constructioncosts;laborcosts,economyflux,rawmaterialprices,shipping
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Peter Ellis, FAIALead Designer, City Design, CannonDesign22.4.2014
BeginningwithIndiaProject+spawnedoffintodesignbranch Blankcanvasvs.existingcityconstructs&conditionsasapplicabletofuture
changingconditions[sustainability,climatechange,etc.] 21stcenturymeets2,000B.C.land urbanspongenetworkofconnectedparkstocollectrainfallduringmonsoon
season openspacethatstructuresthecity 120degrees6monthsoftheyear;havetodesignthecityinfavorofthesun Bettertohavemany,smallerroadsclosertogetherthanlargerroadsspaced
apart Decentralizedutilitynetworklocatedintheneighborhoodsbettersupportthecity
thanfromonelocationmilesandmilesaway
ChangingAmericanCities: Transforminginfrastructuregradually Collectingstormwaterongrade Stitchtogethereverybitofabandoned/vacantlandandcreateanurban
space Natureisthenewcityinfrastructure[notsci-fithemed] ForChicago:takeeveryblock/4streetsandcreatewiththisgreengrid Eachtechniqueisbeingdoneinatleastonecity,butnotonecityhas
stitchedthemtogetherintooneurbanplan Developapublicconsciousness
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PeterEllisshouldprobablyredesigneverycitymasterplanforthefuturebecausehe actuallyunderstandswhatneedstobedone.Asarace,wehaveturnedtheactualnaturalforest/jungleinthelargelyclichanddeadurban/concretejungle.However,itiscompletelytrue,greenspaceisallbuteradicatedformostofacityplan.Ofcoursethereisalwayssomeordinancecodethattheremustbeadesignatedgreenspaceeverysomanyblocks,butrealisticallythebasichighrisecitycouldbedescribedaslivinginaprehistoriccarvedoutcaveofrockandstone.Butbacktothelecture
Therewasaconversationmomentarilygeneratedaboutthefutureofacityisalwaysportrayedasheavilyinfluencedbysciencefiction.Acityofglimmeringlights,cleanstreets,flyingcars,whitebuildings,butonlyevercontainsasubtlehintofgreenspaces.Forsomereasonitiseasierforustoimagineartificialspacesthanmanagingnaturalones.IagreewithPeterEllisthough,thatthefutureofcityplanningwillhaveanatureandgreenspaceasthenewinfrastructure.Ontheotherhand,Ialsobelievethatthemoreweallowthelandtoberecoveredbynature,themorewewillextendcitiesmoredownwardundertheground.
EllissproposalsdostriveforahealthiercityscapeandatsomepointIbelievearadicalshiftincityplanningwilloccur.Thenatureandcauseofthatradicalshiftissomewhatmoreofanuncertainty,butonecouldtheorizethattopushthemassesintosuchachangewouldalmostbeonthebrinkofcatastrophe.Radicalcausesbringuponradicalchanges.
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Adam Whipple, AIA23.4.2014
ProjectManagement&theBroadenedFiledofArchitecture
Skills: ProblemSolving;PresentationandCommunicationSkills;Coordination;
Breakdowncomplextasks;Spatialunderstanding;Designandcreativity;Broadtraininginmultiplefields
ProjectManagementScienceoforganizingthepartsofaproject;defining,planning,organizing,etc. Inarchitecture,responsibleforprojectdelivery,schedule,budge Inasmallerfirm,PMGmoreintegratedindesignandtechnicalcoordinationvs.
largefirmcompartmentalization RangeofresponsibilitiesforthePMcanvaryforeachproject;canbepotentially
veryhands-onbutsometimescanonlybelimitedtocoordination,schedulesandbidding
DesignThinkingifthearchitecturaldegreeisworthless,whyarealltheseothercompaniestakingthewaythatarchitectsthinkintotheirprojects?
ArchitecturePracticecanbleedoutintootherfieldsandsubstrates;RealEstate,Government,Construction,Engineering
Professionalcodeofethics Interestinprotectingpublicwelfare Interestinpromotingpublicdomain
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Anarchitecturedegreehasbeenregardforsometimenowasbeingworthless,almostbelowLiberalArts.Societydevelopmentaside,adegreeinarchitectureofferssomuchmorethanitisaccredited.Asstudents,welearnavarietyofcriticalskillsthatcanbeappliedtootherfields.Weknowhowtopresentandcommunicateourideas,managingourtime,coordinatingtasks,design,andmanyofustrytobeanactualEnlightenedIndividualandhaveskillsandknowledgemultiplefields.ThesefieldscanbeRealEstate,Government,Construction,Engineering,ProjectManagementorjustgeneraldesignwork.
Thishasbeenthesecondorthirdlecturethathastakenplacethattriestoapplythedegreeofarchitecturetoanotherfield.Partofmedoesbelieveitispossibletoswitchintoanotherfieldwithouthavingtogothroughanentireprocessofgettinganewdegree,butatthesametimepartofmedoubtsthesuccessofthis.Idonotbelieveitisentirelyimpossible,butIwouldsaythedifficultyintransferringintoadifferentfieldistheabilitytoconvinceanemployerthatonecontainsthosenecessaryskills.Itseemstodaythatemployersaremoreconcernedabouthavinganindividualthatsatisfiesaspecificchecklistandanyoneoutsidethatlistisautomaticallyexcluded.Riskistoomuchtoaskfor.Chancesarehardertocomeby.Ifanindividualistryingtochangeoutoftheirdegree,itisaneffortthattheymighthavetototallydevotetheirenergytowardthatgoal.However,itispossible,butthereisanunderstandingthattherehastobesomeonewillingtomakethatrisk.
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John Syversten, FAIA, LEEDSenior Principal, CannonDesign30.4.2014
Inchargeoftheadvancementofurbanandsocialsustainability Connectmultiplepeopletoopportunities;legacyofimprovingpeopleslives Bringattentiontothepowerofdesigninordertoimpact&improvepeoples
livesandwellbeing;DepartmentofGood FordFoundation;1%Program(probonowork);Brownsville,TX,citydecay
duetosocialandeconomiccollapseprimarilyduetoneighboringtownsandsafetyfactors;MasterPlannersforUniversityofTexasBrownsvilleCampus;projectthatbeginaspuregenerosityleadstotrust Dreamofgettingcommunitiesinvolved,cultureoftheoffice;environmental
laboratory Risk=valueofwork Rewardasquiet&profound;humble;humility J.B.Jackson,HarvardProfessor,howtheinventionofbarbedwirechanged
theAmericanlandscape;howtoseemovingthroughaplace;beautyderivesfromhumanpresense Influences:Team10,AldovanEyck;LouisKahn;MyStrugglebyKarlOve
Knausgard;JohnAdamsbyDavidMcCullough;TeamofRivalsbyDorisKearnsGoodwin
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The responseforthislecturewasphrasedmuchdifferentlythantheotherlectures.Insteadofwritingasimpleresponse,forthislecturethepremiseisbasedonifyouweretogivethislectureatthepinnacleofyourcareer,wherewouldyouseeyourself/whatwouldyoutalkabout.Sohereitgoes
Letssetthedateatleast20yearsfromnow,Iwouldbeabout45,wouldhavebeenalicensedarchitectforatleasthalfofthattime,knowledgeandexperiencewouldhavehopefullygrownsignificantlyatthispoint.AtonetimeIwouldhavethoughtaboutcreatingmyownfirm,ofbeingabletomakemyownschedule,manageaproject,andmakemyscarupontheworld.Nowhowever,thatglimmerofmakingmyownbusinessseemsalittletoostressfulrightnow;itcouldbepossible,butImightnotsureifitisabsolutelynecessaryasitoncewas.Istillwishtobealicensedarchitectthough,thatisstillagoal.
ForthelectureitselfandwhatgetssaidIwouldtalkaboutmyprocessofhowIendedupgettingtowhereIam,whereIendedupworkingandwhatIamcurrentlyfocusingon.Themostimportantfocusofthelecturewillbetheprocessofwhatmythoughtswhereaboutlifeandarchitectureandmycareerovertheyears.IhavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedintheintimateprocessofthingsratherthanthebulletlistfromAtoG.IhavebeenkeepinganelectronicjournalforyearsandIhopethatIwillcontinuetouseitmoreoften,writingdownnotjustmymentalstateandthoughtsatthetime,butmyplansforthefuture,quotesofconversationsthataresaid,specialmomentstoremember,thingsofthatnature.Butmostly,Iwanttobeabletotalktothestudentsonalevelthattheycouldeasilyunderstand;talktothemaboutwhatwasgoingthroughmymind20yearsbefore,andwherethatchangedanddeveloped.Mostofthetimewhenaprofessionalgivesalecture,theyalwaystalkabouttheconclusionsthattheyhavecometoatthismomentbutrarelytheirthoughtsfromwhentheywereastudentandhowtheysawthefuture.Itislikegivingtheanswertoanequation,withouthavinganyconcreteunderstandingonhowtheanswerisreached.Itispossiblethattheydonottellustheprocessofhowtheyfoundtheirownanswerbecausetheywantustofindourownprocessforourselves.Thatwouldbetoohorriblysimple.
Sotoanswertheothersideofthequestion,whatdoIwanttobedoingwithmycareerbythatpoint.Honestly,partofmestillisnotsure.Istilllikefocusingonthedetailsandcreatingthefocusandimportanceonthosedetails.Iviewthehumanscaleastobeasintimateaspossible;itisimmediatetouchandtextureandsight;
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itisspacejustwithinreach(orjustbarelyoutofreach).Asoneprogressesinarchitecturehowever,thegreateryoubecomeandthemoreresponsibilitiesthatyoutakeon,theharderitistobeablesitdownandworkonthoseintimatedrawings.IwouldliketobeabletofindabalancebetweenfocusingonthepartsofadesignthatIenjoyandnotjustbeingaCADmonkeythatspendsallthetimecrunchingoutdrawings.Iwouldliketobeabletosketch,makehanddrawingsandintricatephysicalmodels.IwanttobeabletofeellikeIhavedoneasufficientamountofworkinadesignandnotsimplydotheschematic/idealisticworkforitandsimplypassofftherestoftheprojecttosomeoneelse.Twentyyearsfromnow,Istillwanttobegettingmyhandsdirty.
Chicago StudioRadical Conjectures
Chinatown IslandMegaBLOCK
SensesCermak Context
Redmoon Theater
Con
jectures
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Conjecture #1: Chinatown Island
Con
jectures
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Ao
W Cermak Rd
S Arch
er Av
e
S Wentw
orth Avvvve
A damping wave from a linear source wrapped back on itself and focused inward. Like a water drop on a pond, crashing in on itself from the rim then rippling back outward.
Con
jectures
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Conjecture #2: MegaBLOCK
DysonSphere,ahypotheticalmegastructureoriginallytheorizedbyFreedmanDyson.Asystemoforbitingsolar-powersatellitesmeanttocompletelyencompassastarandcapturemost,ifnotall,ofitsenergyoutput.
DysonSwarm-alargenumberofindependentconstructsorbitinginadenseformationaroundthestar;componentssizedappropriatelyandconsructredincrementally
DysanRing-SimplestformofDysonSwarm,orbitis1AUinradius
Con
jectures
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Con
jectures
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Conjecture #3: Senses
Acartographersworkshopinspiredbythesenseoftouch,butnotintheliteralsense,ratherthesightofthesenseoftouch.TherubbingsaboveweretakenononesurfaceofeachbuildingalongthenorthsideofCermakRoad,fromSouthDamenAvetoMcCormickPlace.
Con
jectures
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1 ft 20 ftN
N
2
3
4
KEY1 MAGNETIC 2 WORK3 CATALOG4 PROJECT5 SORT6 SIT
1
5
6
Con
jectures
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Conjecture #4: Cermak Context
Pilsen
Chinatown
Near South Side/ Bronzeville
Douglas
South Loop
Prairie District
BridgeportMcKinley Park
Industrial Corridor
Con
jectures
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Pilsen
Chinatown
Near South Side/ Bronzeville
Douglas
South Loop
Prairie District
BridgeportMcKinley Park
Industrial Corridor
Redm
oon
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LastofMySpecies:TheFearlessSongsofLaarnaCortaan(2009)Sink.Sank.Sunk...(2004)
AstronautsBirthday(2010)
Redm
oon
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UrbanInterventions(2012) Boneshaker(2012)
Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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Cedric Price, Fun Palace
Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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ConradRoland,Drawingofanexhibitionhallwithfloatinglevels,1963
RichardRogersandRenzoPiano.Auca.331977:41
Redm
oon
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RichardRogersandRenzoPiano.Auca.331977:18
RichardRogersandRenzoPiano.Auca.331977:42
Redm
oon
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RedmoonWarehouseSketch#1,4.3.2014
RedmoonWarehouseSketch#2,13.3.2014
Redm
oon
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EXTERNAL DEPLOYMENTDAY-TO-DAY
production
storage
performance
production
performance
production
storage production
CURRENT SPECTACLES
OBJECT MAKE DAY
FUTURE SPECTACLES
Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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20 ft. 20 ft. 20 ft. 22 ft.
308 ft.
182 ft.
156 ft. 152 ft.
157 ft.
2
2 2010
2
34
5
6
1
1. West Hall - used by Redmoon for storage, performance and production. Also used for outreach programs and as rentable space.
2. Spectacle Hall - performance space.
3. Wood Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
4. Metal Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
5. Water Closet
6. Office - houses the day-to-day administrative functions of the theater.
20 ft. 20 ft. 20 ft. 22 ft.
182 ft.
308 ft.
156 ft. 152 ft.
157 ft.
2
2 2010
2
34
5
6
1
77
1. West Hall - used by Redmoon for storage, performance and production. Also used for outreach programs and as rentable space.
2. Spectacle Hall - performance space.
3. Wood Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
4. Metal Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
5. Water Closet
6. Office - houses the day-to-day administrative functions of the theater.
7. Catwalk - used as a VIP lounge during events.
ExistingFirstFloorPlan
ExistingSecondFloorPlan
Redm
oon
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20 ft. 20 ft. 20 ft. 22 ft.
182 ft.
308 ft.
156 ft. 152 ft.
157 ft.
2
2 2010
11111
22
3344
5
66
1. West Hall - used by Redmoon for storage, performance and production. Also used for outreach programs and as rentable space.
2. Spectacle Hall - performance space.
3. Wood Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
4. Metal Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
5. Water Closet
6. Office - houses the day-to-day administrative functions of the theater.
1 5 100
ExistingStructurePlan
Redm
oon
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CONTRAPTIONIZED ENVIRONMENTephemeral spatial conditions
Redm
oon
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20 ft. 20 ft. 20 ft. 22 ft.
182 ft.
308 ft.
156 ft. 152 ft.
157 ft.
2
2 2010
1
2
34
5
6
1. West Hall - used by Redmoon for storage, performance and production. Also used for outreach programs and as rentable space.
2. Spectacle Hall - performance space.
3. Wood Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
4. Metal Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
5. Water Closet
6. Office - houses the day-to-day administrative functions of the theater.
20 ft. 20 ft. 20 ft. 22 ft.
182 ft.
308 ft.
156 ft. 152 ft.
157 ft.
2
2 2010
1
2
34
55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
6
1. West Hall - used by Redmoon for storage, performance and production. Also used for outreach programs and as rentable space.
2. Spectacle Hall - performance space.
3. Wood Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
4. Metal Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
5. Water Closet
6. Office - houses the day-to-day administrative functions of the theater.
7. Catwalk - used as a VIP lounge during events.
8. Platforms - each individually adustable to allow for dynamic performances, as well as out of the way storage or spatial elements for dening smaller rooms within the large hall.
9. Elevated Bar - Fixed platforms above W/C used as a bar or incorporated into performances.
77
8
9
ProposedGroundFloorPlan
ProposedLowerStructurePlan
Redm
oon
page 95 of 114
20 ft. 20 ft. 20 ft. 22 ft.
182 ft.
308 ft.
156 ft. 152 ft.
157 ft.
2
2 2010
11111111111111111111
22
3344
5555555555555555555555555
66
1. West Hall - used by Redmoon for storage, performance and production. Also used for outreach programs and as rentable space.
2. Spectacle Hall - performance space.
3. Wood Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
4. Metal Shop - used for production of sets and props, and storage/auxiliary functions for performances.
5. Water Closet
6. Office - houses the day-to-day administrative functions of the theater.
ProposedUpperStructurePlan
Redm
oon
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VariableProgramUsage
Redm
oon
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Redm
oon
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ProposedBathroomPlatforms
ProposedBathroomPlatforms,Mid-LineSection
Redm
oon
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PILSEN CHINATOWN
MOTORROW
MCCORMICKPLACE
temporarysignage
TemporaryExternalSignage
InternalGeneration-ExteriorDeployment-InternalRegeneration
PhotographyRedmoon
Guthrie TheatreChrist Church Lutheran
Harley-Davidson MuseumMilwaukee Art Museum
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